Why do we study histology?

metastatic cancer

CONNECTIVE TISSUE
connects!
The most abundant tissue in
the body!

Characteristics of Connective Tissue

1) Vary in blood supply
Most are highly vascular (have a
blood supply)
Some exceptions:
Tendons, ligaments, and cartilage are
avascular
heal very slowly when injured!

Characteristics of Connective Tissue

2) Have an extracellular MATRIX
) a nonliving substance found
between cells
)Matrix can be liquid, semisolid, or solid
depending on tissue type
)enables C.T. to withstand weight and
stretching

Functions of Connective Tissue

1) Protection of organs
2) Support of organs
3) Binds together body tissues

Areolar (Loose connective)

Associated with the
epithelial tissue of the
body

Adipose

Fat storage

Dense Connective Tissue

Tendons and
ligaments

Hyaline Cartilage

Ends of bones, ribs,

nose

Osseous

Bone: living cells

(osteocytes) in a hard
matrix

Blood

Red blood cells, white

blood cells, and
platelets within blood
plasma

1) Loose Connective (areolar)

DESCRIPTION: Areola means small open
space most of the matrix of this tissue
appears to be empty space
FUNCTION: Wraps and cushions organs;
holds internal organs together acts as
glue
LOCATION: Around organs

Areolar

2) Adipose
DESCRIPTION: FAT cells
FUNCTION: is reserve fuel or energy,
protects organ by cushioning them,
and functions in insulation
LOCATION: Found around organs,
under skin, within abdomen, in breasts

Adipose

3) Dense Connective Tissue

DESCRIPTION: Collagen fibers in matrix
give tissue flexibility, fibroblasts are cells
that make the fibers
FUNCTION:
tendons connect muscle to bone and
ligaments connect bone to bone;
they withstand stress when pulled
LOCATION: tendons, ligaments

Dense Connective Tissue

Tendons and
ligaments

4) Hyaline Cartilage
DESCRIPTION: Hyaline cartilage is the
most abundant type of cartilage!
- One cell is called a chondrocyte
FUNCTION: supports and reinforces
organs
LOCATION: covers ends of bone at
joints, in ribs, etc.

Hyaline Cartilage

5) Bone
DESCRIPTION: Bone cells called osteocytes are
in cavities called LACUNAE
- One large circle (unit of bone) is an OSTEON
FUNCTION: Osseous tissue has a very strong
and hard matrix that protects internal organs
and supports the body; provides levers for the
muscles to act on
LOCATION: bones

Osseous

6) Blood
DESCRIPTION: Contains blood cells!
Red blood cells appear pink on the slide
and white blood cells are purple
The fluid matrix is called blood plasma
FUNCTION: transport for the circulatory
system carrying nutrients and wastes
LOCATION: Throughout the entire body

Blood

Blast Cells
Each major type of CT contains an
immature class of cells with a name
ending in blast
Loose and dense CT: fibroblasts
Cartilage: chondroblasts
Bone: osteoblasts

Blast Cells
Retain the capacity for cell division
Secrete the matrix
In cartilage and bone, once that matrix is
produced, the blast cells differentiate into
mature cells end in cyte
Cartilage chondrocyte
Bone - osteocyte

 Basic unit of osseous tissue: OSTEON

 Basic unit of osseous tissue: OSTEON

Each osteon is composed of:
Lamellae concentric rings of matrix made up of
minerals (calcium), which gives the bone its
hardness, and collagen fibers, which gives bone its
strength

 Basic unit of osseous tissue: OSTEON

Each osteon is composed of:
Lamellae concentric rings of matrix made up of
minerals (calcium), which gives the bone its
hardness, and collagen fibers, which gives bone its
strength
Lacunae Small spaces between lamellae that
contain osteocytes

 Basic unit of osseous tissue: OSTEON

Each osteon is composed of:
Lamellae concentric rings of matrix made up of
minerals (calcium), which gives the bone its
hardness, and collagen fibers, which gives bone its
strength
Lacunae Small spaces between lamellae that
contain osteocytes
Canaliculi small canals that provide routes for
nutrients and wastes to be transported to and from
osteocytes

 Basic unit of osseous tissue: OSTEON

Each osteon is composed of:
Lamellae concentric rings of matrix made up of
minerals (calcium), which gives the bone its hardness,
and collagen fibers, which gives bone its strength
Lacunae Small spaces between lamellae that
contain osteocytes
Canaliculi small canals that provide routes for
nutrients and wastes to be transported to and from
osteocytes
Central canal contains blood vessels and nerves

Define terms on Worksheet

Pg 80-81

Collagen fibers
Fibroblasts
Mast cells
Macrophages
Elastic fibers
Blood vessels/blood cells
Adiopocytes

 Collagen fibers:
Strong and resist pulling forces, but are not
stiff. Often occur in bundles lying parallel to
one another.

Fibroblasts:
Large, flat, spindle-shaped cells with
branching processes. Present in all
connective tissues. Secrete fibers and matrix.

 Mast cells:
Abundant along blood vessels that supply
connective tissue. Produce histamine, a
chemical that dilates small blood vessels as
part of the bodys reaction to injury or infection

Macrophages
Develop from white blood cells. Can engulf
bacteria and other debris.

 Elastic fibers
Smaller than collagen fibers. Form a network within a
tissue. Made up of elastin and fibrillin. Strong, but can be
stretched up to 1 times their relaxed length without
breaking. Can return to their original shape (elasticity).

Blood vessels
A vein, artery, or capillary. Tubular structure carrying
blood through tissues

Blood cells
Cells circulating the body in blood vessels, transporting
oxygen & nutrients, and also assisting the immune
system

 Adipocytes
Cells of adipose tissue which are specialized
for fat storage

Muscle and Nervous Tissue

MUSCLE TISSUE TERMS

*Voluntary or Involuntary
(conscious control) or (happens unconsciously)

*Striated or Non-striated
(stripes)

(no stripes)

*Uni-nucleated or Multi-nucleated
(one nucleus)

(many nuclei per each cell)

MUSCLE TISSUE
Overall Function:
To CONTRACT to produce MOVEMENT

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Cerebrum Nervous Tissue

Skeletal Muscle Characteristics

* Voluntary
* Striated
* Multi-nucleated

Nervous Tissue
Description
Neurons and neuroglia (support cells)

Function
Neurons initiate and transmit nerve impulses
to coordinate body activities

Location
Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system

Nervous Tissue

Skeletal Muscle
Description
Striated, voluntary, multinucleated

Function
Body motion, maintain posture, heat
production

Location
Attached to bone
By what?

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Cardiac Muscle
Description
Striated, involuntary, uninucleated

Function
Pumps blood

Location
Heart wall

Cardiac Muscle

Smooth Muscle
Description
Nonstriated, involuntary,
uninucleated

Function
Propel food and body fluids

Location
Walls of organs of the
respiratory, circulatory,
digestive, and urinary
systems

Smooth Muscle