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Documente Cultură
GREFA
DONATOR
PRIMITOR
Clasificarea grefelor
Origine
Autogrefa: acelasi individ
Izogrefa: gemeni monozigoti
Alogrefa: indivizivi din aceeasi specie
Xenogrefa: indivizi din specii diferite.
Topografie
Ortotopic: regiunea anatomica obisnuita
Heterotopic: alta regiune anatomica.
Imunologia transplantului
Grefa structura non-self
Raspuns imun non-specific: fagocite,
celule APC
Raspuns imun specific
Umoral: limfocite B anticorpi
Celular
Limfocite T citotoxicitate
Limfocite NK ADCC
REJET!
Toleranta imuna
Teoria microhimerismului-evidentierea
celulelor dendritice in diverse organe si
tesuturi
Transplant de maduva osoasa de la
donator
Tipuri de rejet
Hiperacut umoral anticorpi
citotoxici cu efect nociv asupra grefei
Acut celular - responsiv la tratament
Acut hiperaccelerat primitor sensibilizat
fara anticorpi circulanti
Profilaxia rejetului
Pretransplant:
Evaluarea compatibilitatii ABO
Evaluarea compatibilitatii HLA
Cross-match test (evalarea anticorpilor preformati)
Intra si posttransplant:
Imunosupresia
Ciclosporina
Tacrolimus
Micofenolat (mofetil, sodic)
Corticosteroizi
Anticorpii monoclonali
Globulinele antilimfocitare/timocitare
Sirolimus
Ciclofosfamida, azatioprina
Schema clasica de
imunosupresie
Inhibitori de calcineurina
Tacrolimus
Ciclosporina
Antimetabolit
Micofenolat
Azatioprina
Corticosteroizi
Tratamentul rejetului
Tip rejet
Tratament
hiperacut
Plasmafereza
Ciclofosfamida
Prostaglandina E
Retransplantare
acut
Corticoterapie
Ac monoclonali
Ser antilimfocitar
Retransplantare (f.
rar)
cronic
Retransplantare
Tipuri de donatori
Viu rinichi, ficat, pancreas, intestin
Inrudit living-related
Neinrudit living-unrelated
Prezervarea organelor
Prezervarea: solutii de prezervare reci
(1-4C)
Furnizoare de substante energetice
Antagonizeaza efectele nocive ale racirii
Timpul de prezervare
Ficat 12 ore
Rinichi 24 ore
Pancreas 17 ore
Cord 4 ore
Plaman 6-8 ore
Transplantul renal
Indicatii afectiuni renale in stadiu
terminal end-stage insuficienta
renala cronica
Glomerulonefrite
Pionefrite
Maladii ereditare
Afectiuni metabolice
Boli sistemice
Transplant
hepatic
Indicatii
Insuficienta hepatica acuta
Hepatite virale
Boala Wilson
Afectiuni metabolice
Cancerul hepatic
Hepatocarcinomul pe ciroza criteriile Milano
Metastazele din tumori neuroendocrine (carcinoidul)
Tehnici de Tx hepatic
cu ficat intreg
cu ficat redus
cu ficat impartit
de la donator viu
domino
auxiliar
de la donator in
moarte cerebrala
Hemificat drept 59
Segmentele 2-3 25
Hemificat stang 5
Hemificat stang si lob caudat 2
Hemificat drept + segmente 2-3 (dual graft)
TEHNICA OPERATORIE
Tehnica clasica
Anastomoza arteriala
reconstructie vasculara
Anastomoza biliara
E-E DUCT- TO-DUCT
ANASTOMOSIS WITH
/WITHOUT T-TUBE
TEHNICI ALTERNATIVE
1) LIVING-DONOR LT
In children:
the
transplanted liver
segments
DONATOR
SECTIONECTOMIE LATERALA STANGA
40
Disectia pediculului
hepatic
41
Disectia
parenchimului
hepatic
Cavitron Ultrasonic
Surgical Aspirator
42
Disectia venei
hepatice
stangi
43
Back-table
Flush arterial
44
Back-table
Vena porta
45
Back-table
Vena hepatica
stanga
46
48
49
In adults:
the
right hemiliver
(segments 5-8)
Clamparea temporara a
arterei si portei drepte
VIII
VIII
MHV LHV
donors operation
Diseased liver
(cirrhosis)
recipients operation
transplantation
2) SPLIT LT
In situ splitting
provides two grafts of
optimal quality that
can be applied to the
entire spectrum of
transplant recipients:
it is the method of
choice for expanding
the cadaver liver
donor pool*
EX-VIVO
SURGICAL
TECHNIQUES
IN-SITU
IN-VIVO TECHNIQUE
3) DOMINO LT
= transplantation of a liver from a
marginal donor with hereditary metabolic
disease (who receives another LT) to a
marginal recipient (i.e. with cirrhosis and
hepatocellular carcinoma)
Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy
Familial oxaluria
Familial hypercholesterolemia
split
split
Patient with
familial
hypercholesterolemia
Child with
glycogenosis
Patient with
hepatocellular
carcinoma and
cirrhosis
domino
The liver of a patient with hereditary familial hypercholesterolemia
was transplanted to a marginal recipient with hepatocellular
carcinoma and cirrhosis (domino transplantation)
Transplant cardiac
Indicatii
Cardiomiopatia idiopatica (dilatativa,
obstructiva, restrictiva);
Cardiopatia ischemica;
Valvulopatii
Defecte congenitale
Tehnica operatorie
Anastomoze:
AS donator cu AS primitor;
AD donator cu ad primitor
Aorta donator-aorta primitor
A pulmonara donator a
pulmonara primitor
Anastomoza proximala
duodenojenunala
Ileostoma terminala
Transplantul pancreatic
Integral
Celular
Indicatia principala diabetul zaharat tip I
Transplant
simultan cu cel renal
dupa cel renal
singular alone
Tx de pancreas si rinichi
Drenaj exocrin enteral
Drenaj endocrin sistemic
Tx pancreatic integral
Drenaj exocrin vezical
Drenaj endocrin sistemic
Rata insulin-free
- 80% la un un an
- 50% la 2 ani
- 10% la 5 ani.
Necesit
a 3-4
donatori
Injectar
e in
vena
porta
Rezultate Tx de organe
Tip Tx
rinichi
Supravietuir Supravietuire 5
e 1 an
ani
80-85%
65%
ficat
85-90%
75%
cord
81%
69%
Cordpulmon
Pancreas
70%
60%
87%
56%