JA501 AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY 4

ALTERNATIVE FUELS
AND
DIESEL COMMON RAIL
DAD 5B
PRESENTATION 1

MOHD SYAZWAN BIN JAAFAR

04DAD12F2002
SHAMIL AHMAD BIN KAMIL AHMAD
04DAD12F2030
MUHAMMAD AMIRUL BIN SHAMSUDIN
04DAD12F2010
MOHD ZULHELMI BIN ABD GHANI
04DAD12F2014

WHAT IS ALTERNATIVE FUEL

ARE DEFINED AS THOSE VEHICLES THAT RUN ON FUEL OTHER THAN
TRADITIONAL PETROLEUM FUELS ( PETROL AND DIESEL )
VEHICLE THAT SUPPLEMENT TRADITIONAL FUELS WITH OTHER SOURCES OF
POWER.
DURING WORLD WAR 2 WHEN PETROLEUM WAS SCARCE, NEW INNOVATIONS
LED TO THE USE OF WOOD GAS TO POWER CARS WITH ORNINARY INTERNAL
COMBUSTION ENGINES.
CHARCOAL ALSO WAS USED TO POWER CARS IN CHINA AROUND 1930 TO
1950.
IN 1880, HENRY FORD BUILT ONE OF HIS AUTOMOBILES TO RUN ON
ETHANOL.

TYPES OF ALTERNATIVE FUELS

METHANOL
PROPANE
ETHANOL
METHANE
METHANOL
FUEL CELL ( ELECTRICITY )
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
NATURAL GAS ( NGV )

NATURAL VEHICLE GAS ( NGV )

NATURAL-GAS VEHICLES USE THE SAME BASIC PRINCIPLES AS GASOLINEPOWERED VEHICLES
BI-FUEL VEHICLE WITH MULTI-FUEL ENGINES CAPABLE OF RUNNING ON TWO
FUELS.
INTERNAL COMBUSTION
CHAMBER

GASOLINE
DIESEL

COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS

( CNG )
LIQUEFIED PROPANE GASOLINE
( LPG )
HYDROGEN

NATURAL GAS VEHICLE ( NGV ) DIAGRAM

MAIN COMPONENT OF NGV

CNG CYLINDER
CYLINDERS VALVE
VENTING SYSTEM
HIGH PRESSURE PIPE
SELECTOR SWITCH
FILLING VALVE
REGULATOR
MIXER

CNG CYLINDER
NATURAL GAS IS STORED AT A MAXIMUM PRESSURE OF 3000
PSI

CYLINDER VALVE
SAFETY AND SECURITY PURPOSES

VENTING SYSTEM
DIRECT POSSIBLE LEAKS AT THE CYLINDER VALVE TO THE ATMOSPHERE

HIGH PRESSURE PIPE

CONNECTION BETWEEN CNG CYLINDER AND THE REGULATOR

SELECTOR SWITCH
TO SWITCH FROM GAS TO PETROL OR VICE VERSA

FILLING VALVE
FILLING OF GAS FROM REFUELLING STATION AND CUT OFF GAS SUPPLY TO
REGULATOR IF NECESSARY

REGULATOR
REGULATES THE PRESSURE FROM CYLINDER IN 3 STAGES, FROM HIGH
PRESSURE TO ATMOSPHERE PRESSURE.
REDUCES FROM 200 BAR TO 4 BAR
FOLLOW BY 4 BAR TO 1.5 BAR
DELIVERING GAS AS NEEDED BY THE ENGINE

MIXER
TO ALLOW A PROPER AIR/ FUEL RATIO TO BE DISTRIBUTED INTO COMBUSTION
CHAMBER

OPERATION OF NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

( NGV )
NATURAL GAS

FILLING
VALVE

CNG
CYLINDER

COMBUSTION
CHAMBER

MIXER

NATURAL GAS
SELENOID VALVE

HIGH PRESSURE FUEL

LINE

SELECTOR
SWITCH

MASTER MANUAL
SHUT OFF VALVE

REGULATOR

ADVANTAGES OF NATURAL VEHICLE GAS

APPROXIMATELY 87% OF NATURAL GAS USED IN AMERICA IS PRODUCE
DOMESTICALLY
LESS SMOG-PRODUCING POLLUTANTS
LESS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
LESS EXPENSIVE THAN GASOLINE

DISADVANTAGES OF NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

LIMITED AVAILABILITY
NATURAL GAS IS LESS READILY AVAILABLE THAN GASOLINE AND DIESEL
LIMITED DRIVING RANGE AS COMPARED TO GASOLINE VEHICLE

DIESEL COMMON RAIL SYSTEM (DCR)

THE COMMON RAIL SYSTEM ACCUMULATES HIGH-PRESSURE FUEL IN THE COMMON
RAIL AND INJECTS THE FUEL INTO THE ENGINE CYLINDER AT TIMING CONTROLLED BY
THE ENGINE ECU, ALLOWING HIGH-PRESSURE INJECTION INDEPENDENT FROM THE
ENGINE SPEED. AS A RESULT, THE COMMON RAIL SYSTEM CAN REDUCE HARMFUL
MATERIALS SUCH AS NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) AND PARTICULATE MATTER (PM) IN
EMISSIONS AND GENERATES MORE ENGINE POWER.

DCR SENSOR
FUEL RAIL PRESSURE SENSOR

FUNCTION
A FUEL PRESSURE SENSOR IS LOCATED ON THE FUEL RAIL.
MONITORS THE FUEL PRESSURE IN THE COMMON RAIL.
TYPICALLY A PIEZO RESISTIVE TYPE SENSOR.
THREE WIRES : . 5 VOLT SUPPLY FROM ENGINE ECM
. SENSOR GROUND VIA ENGINE ECM
. LINEAR SIGNAL VOLTAGE OUTPUT TO ECM

TEMPERATURE SENSOR
THE FUEL TEMPERATURE SENSOR IS MOUNTED TO THE PUMP.
ITS ROLE IS TO MONITOR THE FUEL TEMPERATURE INSIDE THE PUMP AND
MAKE THE DATA AVAILABLE TO THE DCU, THEREBY PREVENTING EXCESSIVE
FUEL TEMPERATURES.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF

USING DCR SYSTEM
ADVANTAGES
FUEL PRESSURE AVAILABLE ON DEMAND.
HIGHER INJECTION PRESSURES AND FINER ATOMIZATION OF FUEL.
INJECTION PRESSURE CREATED INDEPENDENT OF
ENGINE SPEED.
MULTIPLE INJECTIONS PER CYLINDER COMBUSTION ARE
POSSIBLE.

DISADVANTAGES OF USING DCR SYSTEM

DCR WERE CAM-DRIVEN AND AS A RESULT THE MAXIMUM PRESSURE FOR FUEL
INJECTION WAS ONLY ACHIEVED AT HIGH ENGINE SPEEDS.
DCR WERE LIMITED IN THE NUMBER OG INJECTION THAT THEY COULD DELIVER
PER COMBUSTION CYCLE.

THANK YOU