Media Guide For Reporting HIV&AIDS

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SWEN RET NI Foundation
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2008/ ar (30)
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2 Media Guide for Reporting HIV&AIDS

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Media Guide for Reporting HIV&AIDS 3

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Media Guide for Reporting HIV&AIDS

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Reporting on HIV/AIDS
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About HIV
tajccHowif;tcsuftvufrsm;
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About HIV
wm;qD;r_rsm; rvkyfygu 2010 ckESpfwGif ul;pufcH&olaygif;tenf;qHk; (10) oef;ausmftxd&dSvm

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About HIV
EkdifiHuJhodk@aomEkdifiHrsm;onf a,bk,stm;jzifh trsKd;wlaomattm&fAGDaq;rsm;udk jynfwGif;Y
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About HIV
aq;0g;tqifh av;rsKd;&dSonf?
Ò nLuvD,dkqkduf (odk@) nLuvD,dkwkduf toGiful;ajymif;jcif;udk wm;xm;onfhaq;rsm; AZT,

ddI, ddC, 3TC, d4T and abacavir ponfhaq;rsm;?
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nevirapine, delavirdine, efavirenz tp&dSonfhaq;rsm;?
Ò Protease inhibitory±dkwdpftifZkdif;rsm; wm;xm;onfhaq;rsm; indinavir, ritonavir, saquinvir,

nelfinavir tp&dSonfhaq;rsm;?
aygif;pyfzJG@pnf;xm;onfh Akdif;&yfpfrjyef@yGm;a&;twGuf (odk@) xdef;csKyfxm;

Ò Fusion inhibitors
a&;twGufaq;0g;/ enfuvirtide uJhodk@aq;0g;rsm;?
txufygaq;0g;rsm;onf cE<mukd,fxJwGif tdwfcsftkdifAGDrsKd;wlAdkif;&yfpfykd;rsm; yGm;rsm;vmjcif;udk

wm;qD;onfhae&mY ol@enf;ol@[efjzifh toHk;0if=uonf?
owfrSwfxm;aom tqifhtwef;ESifhtnD ukornfqdkygu txufwGifazmfjyxm;aom aq;trnf

rsm;xJrS tenf;qHk;oHk;rsKd;udkoHk;&rnf? wcgw&H aq;rsm;udk xdkxufydkIoHk;&onfvnf;&dSonf?
uko&mY txufwGifazmfjyxm;aom ukoenf;av;rsKd;xJrS tenf;qHk;ESpfrsKd;udkawmh oHk;&avh&Sd
onf? xdkukxHk;onf txl;tmedoif&Sdaom attm&fwDukxkH; Highly Active Antiretroviral
Therapy (HAART) [k todrsm;onf?
aygif;pyfxm;aomukxHk;rsm;udk tb,fa=umifh ukor_[k rowfrSwfoenf;?
wcgw&HwGif aygif;pyfxm;aomAkdif;&yfpfykd;wkdufckdufa&;ukxHk;rsm;udk tdwfcsftkdifAGDukoonfh uko

r_ozG,fa&;om;=uonfudk awG@&onf? tvGef@tvGefta&;}uD;I owfrSwfxm;zdk@vdkonfhudpPrSm
tdwfcsftkdifAGDonf vuf&dS&&dSaeaomaq;0g;rsm;udkoHk;I aysmufuif;atmif ukoEkdifonfha&m*g
r[kwfyg? xdkaq;0g;rsm;udkoHk;pGJI aexkdifae&olrsm;onf qufvufI tdwfcsftkdifAGD ESifhaexkdifaeol
rsm; jzpfaoma=umifhyif?
Adkif;&yfpfyg0ifaer_E_ef; qef;oyfppfaq;jcif;
aoG;xJESifh okwf&nfxJwGifyg0ifaeaom tdwfcsftkdifAGDE_ef;xm;tedrfhtjrifhudk wkdif;wm&mwGiftoHk;

jyKaompepfudk Adkif;&yfpfykd;yg0ifaer_E_ef; qef;oyfppfaq;jcif; Viral load testing [kac:onf?
About HIV
tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd;yg0ifr_E_ef;xm; aumfyDtrsKd;pm;rsm;onf vltcsKd@wGif axmifESifhaomif;ESifhcsDI&dSae
onf? tcsKd@olrsm;wGif aumfyDtrsKd;tpm; (50) atmufwGif&dSaejcif; (odk@) yg0ifr_E_ef; edrfhusaejcif;
a=umifh wkdif;wmod&dS&ef cufcJonf?
odk@aomf wpfrDvDrDwmyrm%&SdaoG;xJwGif ykd;aumfyDtrsKd;tpm; (50) &dSaejcif; (odk@) xdkxuf

E_ef;xm;edrfhusaejcif;wdk@a=umifh xdkvlyk*~dKvfonf tdwfcsftkdifAGDul;pufcHxm;&olr[kwf[k ajymI
r&yg? tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd; ul;pufcHxm;&+yD;jzpfygonf? tu,fI aq;0g;rsm; antiviral drugs toHk;jyK
I ykd;udkqufwkdufESdrfeif;xm;jcif;r&dSygu xkdAkdif;&yfpfykd;rsm; jyefvnftkyfpkzGJ@I touftEœ&m,f
ay;vmEkdifonfh E_ef;xm;txd jrifhwufvmEkdifonf?
tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd; aoG;xJyg0ifr_E_ef; enf;yg;aejcif;onf xdkoltwGuf usef;rma&;tajctaeaumif;

aeqJjzpfonf[k qdkEkdifaomfvnf; xdkolxHrS tjcm;olrsm;xHodk@ Akdif;&yfpfrul;pufEkdif[k ajymI
r&ay? tu,fI Akdif;&yfpfykd;yg0ifr_E_ef; tvGef@tvGefedrfhusenf;yg;onf[k qdkygpdk@/ xdktcgrsKd;wGif
Akdif;&yfpfykd;onf cE<mudk,f. ta&;ygaomudk,fcHtm;pepfuvmyfpnf; tawmfrsm;rsm;odk@ ul;puf
atmifrpGrf;aqmifEkdif/ xdk@twl attkdif'Dtufpftqifhtxd a&muf&dSoGm;onftxd udk,fcHtm;
pepfudk rzsufpD;Ekdifao;?
ukd,fcHtm;pepfESifh pD'Dzkd;qJvfrsm; (wDqJvfrsm;)
tdwfcsftkdifAGD&dSaeolwOD;. usef;rma&;udk ppfaq;tuJjzwf&mwGif oHk;avhoHk;x&dSonfh aemufxyf

enf;wenf;&dSao;onf? Tenf;udk pD'Dzkd;enf; (odk@) wDqJvfrsm; (okd@) uvmyfpnf;rsm;udk a&wGuf
jcif;[kac:onfhenf;jzpfonf? xdkenf;onf pD'Dzkd;qJvfESifh wDuvmyfpnf;rsm;. ta&twGufudk
wkdkif;wmjcif;jzpfonf? xdkuvmyfpnf;rsm;onf ta&;}uD;aom uvmyfpnf;rsm;jzpfonf? xdku
vmyfpnf;rsm;onf Akdif;&yfpfykd;rsm;a=umifh jzpfay:vmaomudk,fcHtm;pepf. wHk@jyefcsufudkxif[yf
odapEkdifaoma=umifhjzpfonf?
tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd;onf tqdkyguvmyfpnf;rsm;twGif;wGif yHkpHwlrsm;xyfrHarG;zGm;vmae+yD; tqdkyg

uvmyfpnf;rsm; wkd;wufrvmEkdifap&ef zsufqD;aeonf? xdkjzpfpOftwGif; pD'Dzkd;uvmyfpnf;rsm;
zsufqD;cH&avav cE<mukd,fckcHtm;pepfonf tm;enf;vmavavjzpf+yD; tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifh tjcm;
ul;pufa&m*grsm;udkwkdufzsuf&ef pGrf;tm;usqif;vmawmhonf?
xdk@a=umifh tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd;yHkpHwlrsm; xyfrHarG;zGm;vmaejcif;udk aES;auG;oGm;ap&ef aqmif&Guf

jcif;jzifh udk,fcHtm;pepfudk zsufqD;aeonfhE_ef;onfvnf; aES;auG;oGm;aponf? Akdif;&yfpfykd;udk wkduf

ckdufonfhaq;0g;rsm; aygif;pyftoHk;jyKjcif;jzifh attkdif'DtufpfESifhqufEG,faom aoqHk;r_rsm; odod
About HIV
omom avsmhenf;vmaponhftjyif attkdif'DtufpfESifhqufEG,faeaom touftEœ&m,fudk

+cdrf;acsmufaeonfh ajrmufjrm;vSaom tzsm;a&m*gaygif;pHkudkvnf; av#mhcs+yD;om;jzpfoGm;onf?
umuG,faq;rsm;
cE<mudk,fckcHtm;udktajccHonfh tjcm;aomukxHk;rsm;wGif tdwfcsftkdifAGDul;pufr_udk umuG,f

[ef@wm;&efESifh a&m*gjzpfyGm;r_E_ef; aES;auG;oGm;&eftwGuf ukxHk;qkdif&mumuG,faq;rsm;udk
‘a&m*gjzpfyGm;r_umuG,faom umuG,faq;rsm;’ prophylactic vaccines [kac:onf? xdkumuG,f
aq;rsm;. tmedoifrsm;udk avhvmqef;ppfaeqJvnf;jzpfonf?
urBmay:&dS wkduf}uD;ajcmufwkduftwGif;rS EkdifiHaygif; (19) EkdifiHwGif attkdif'DtufpfumuG,faq;

rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I prf;oyfppfaq;aeqJjzpfaom aq;0g;trsKd;tpm;aygif; (30) ausmf&dSonf?
2000 ckESpfY aq;0g;xkwfvkyfaom ukr`%D}uD;av;ckwGif vuf&dSoHk;pGJaeonfh qef;oyfppfaq;qJ

umuG,faq;ESpfrsKd; (odk@) ESpfrsKd;xufydkI&dSaecJhonf? vuf&dSvkyfaeqJjzpfaom xdktpDtpOfwGif
tar&duefEkdifiHusef;rma&;Xme US National Institute of Health (NIH)/ tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'D
tufpfwkdufzsufa&; jyifopftpkd;&§Oa&myumuG,faq; ac: ,l±kd Aufuf French government/
European Vaccine Effort Against HIV/AIDS (Euro Vac)/ attkdif'DtufpfumuG,faq;twGuf
awmiftmz&duOD;aqmifvkyfukdifr_ South African AIDS Vaccine Initiative ESifh =opa=wvs-xkdif;
tdwfcsftkdifAGDumuG,faq;tzJG@ Australian Thai HIV Vaccine Consortium wdk@yg0ifae=uonf?
odk@aomfvnf; umuG,faq;rsm;xkwfvkyf&mwGif }uD;rm;vSaompdefac:r_rsm;udk qufvuf&ifqkdif

ae&qJjzpfonf? vuf&dStoHk;jyKaeaom umuG,faq;rsm;tm;vHk;eD;yg;onf rjynfhpHkao;onfh
±ªaxmifh/ t=urf;zsOf;awG@&dS,lqcsufrsm;tay:rS&&dSvmonfh uvmyfpnf;rsm;tcsif;csif; uGif;quf
rdckcHwHk@jyefr_ a cell-mediated immune response udk wwfEkdifor#tajccHI xkwfvkyf&jcif;jzpf
onf?
tqkdygprf;oyfcsufrsm;rS &&dSvmrnfh&v'frsm;onf 2007 ckESpfukefcgeD;tcsdeftxd odEkdifOD;rnf

r[kwfao;? xdk@a=umifh EkdifiHwumattkdif'DtufpfumuG,faq; xkwfvkyfa&;tzGJ@}uD;rS owd
ay;xm;onfrSm tu,fI t}udKxkwfvkyfxm;onfhumuG,faq;rsm; atmifjrifr_r&Sdygu vuf&dS
oHk;aeonfhumuG,faq;rsm;tm;vkH;onf oifhawmfqDavsmfjcif;r&dS[k pOf;pm;&awmhrnf[kqdk
xm;onf?
xdkta=umif;a=umif;rsm;a=umifh umuG,faq;. zGH@+zdK;wkd;wuf/ tpGrf;xufr_ *Ce%&&dSvm

ap&ef q,fpkESpfwckxufydkI apmifhqkdif;&OD;rnf[k u|rf;usifolynm&Sifrsm;u a[mudef;xkwf
About HIV
xm;onf?
umuG,faq;rsm;xkwfvkyf&mwGif }uD;rm;vSaompdefac:r_rsm;udk
qufvuf&ifqkdif ae&qJjzpfonf?
wHcg;r&dS"g;r&dS 0ifvmaeaom ul;pufa&m*grsm;
tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfjzpfyGm;vmr_udk rckcHEkdifaoma=umifh &&dSvmaomtzsm;a&m*g trsKd;

rsKd;tm; aysmufuif;atmifuko&ef tvGefcufcJonfqdkonfudk em;vnfoabmayguf&ef ta&;
}uD;onf? yHkrSefr[kwfaom a&m*gvuQ%mrsm;xJwGif awG@&dS&aomtcsufwcsufrSm tay:pD;&
xm;aom ul;pufa&m*grsm;onf tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpf&dSaeolwOD;xHodk@ wHcg;r&dS"g;r&dS
tcsdefra&G;0ifa&mufvmEkdifjcif;yifjzpfonf? tb,fa=umifhqdkaomf xdkul;puf a&m*gtrsKd;rsKd;wdk@
onf ckcHpGrf;tm;usqif;vmonfh vlyk*~dKvf.cE<mukd,ftwGif;odk@ vG,fvG,fulul tcGifhaumif;,l
0ifvmEkdifaoma=umifhjzpfonf?
xdkul;pufa&m*gtaxGaxGonf a,bk,stm;jzifh usef;rmaeaomvlrsm;wGif tjzpfenf;vSonf?

odk@aomf tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdifaeI ukd,fcHpGrf;tm;pepf +ydKysufusqif;vmaeaom vlwOD;twGuf
t}uD;tus,fjy\em&dSonf? usef;rmaeaomolrsm;. cE<mudk,fxJodk@ xdkul;pufa&m*grsm;
r=umc%0ifa&muf wkdufckdufavh&dSonf? odk@aomf xdkusef;rmaeolrsm;wGif ukd,fcHtm;pepf
tm;aumif;aeaoma=umifh tqkdygul;pufa&m*grsm;udk ukd,fcHtm;pepfatmufwGif xdef;csKyfxm;
Ekdifonf? xdkul;pufa&m*grsm;rSwqifh jzpfay:vmaom zsm;emr_rsm;onf vludkaoapEkdifonf?
Ò tqkyf
Elrdkqpfpwpfpf um&DeD Elrdk;eD;,m; (yDpDyD)
usef;rmItm;aumif;aom ukd,fcHtm;&dSonfh vlwdk@.tqkyfrsm;xJwGif rlvuwnf;u vJavsmif;

tdyfaysmfaeaom (rwufºuGaom) rkdufc±dkouf&dSZD0rsm;&dSaeonf? pDyDpDtzsm;a&m*gonf xdk

rkdufc±dkouf&dSZD0rsm; Edk;xvmaomtcsdefwGif jzpfyGm;onf? avxJrSwqifha&mufvmaom
About HIV
rd_rsKd;EG,f0ifydk;r$m;wdk@onf tqkyfxJwGif ul;pufa&m*gtjzpf aygufzGm;ay:aygufvmI xdkuJodk@

tay:pD;&xm;aom tqkyful;pufa&m*gonf tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdifaeolrsm;xHwGif yHkrSeftm;jzifh
awG@&avh&dSonf? acsmif;acsmufqdk;jcif;/ &if=uyfjcif;/ tzsm;aoG;&dSjcif;/ touf&_&cufjcif;wdk@
onf yDpDyD&dSaeaom vuQ%mrsm;[kqkdEdkifonf? yDpDyDjzpfyGm;jcif;udkuko&efESifh umuG,fwm;qD;
&eftwGuf toHk;jyKaomaq;0g;trsKd;rsKd;&dSonf? tu,fIukor_r&dSygu yDpDyDjzpfyGm;jcif;rSwqifh
aoqHk;Ekdifonf?
usLbmuvdk;ppf (wDbD)
wDbDa&m*g[kvlodrsm;I bufwD;&D;,m;ydk;rsm;a=umifhjzpfaom ul;pufa&m*gjzpf+yD; tdwfcsftkdifAGD

&dSaeolrsm; ul;pufcH&avh&dSonf? wDbDa&m*g&dSaeolwOD; acsmif;qkd;jcif;/ ESyfn‡pfjcif; (odk@) pum;
ajymqdkjcif;wdk@rSwqifh ul;pufEkdifum tdwfcsftkdifAGD&dSaejcif;udk ykdrdk}uD;xGm; vmapEkdifonf? a&m*g
toGifvuQ%mrsm;rSm tzsm;&Sdjcif;/ acsmif;qkd;jcif;/ ntcsdefwGif ac|;rsm;xGufjcif;/ cE<mukd,ftav;
csdefavsmhusvmjcif;/ anmif;nmyifyef;jcif;/ tzkt}udwfrsm; }uD;xGm;a,mif,rf;vmjcif; ESifh
acsmif;qdk;onfhtcg aoG;ygvmjcif;wdk@jzpfonf? wDbDa&m*gudk uko&eftwGuf yÉdZD0aq;trsKd;
tpm; trsm;tjym;&dSonf? ul;pufr_yrm% tedrfhtjrifhudkvkdufIuko&+yD; ukor_onfvtawmf
rsm;rsm; (odk@) ESpftawmfrsm;rsm;txd =um&SnfEkdifonf?
rdkifudkbufwD;&D;,rf atADG,rf uGefyvufpf (trfatpD)
tpm;taomuf/ zkefr_ef@/ ajr}uD;ESifh a&xJwGif awG@&avh&dSaom rkdifudkbufwD;&D;,ef; atADG,rf

ESifh rkdifudkbufwD;&D;,rf; tifx&mq,fvlvm bufwD;&D;,m;rsm;a=umifhjzpfyGm;aom tzsm;
a&m*grsm;udk trfatpD[kac:onf? ul;pufr_onf tlxJwGiftpysKd;I cE<mukd,ftjcm;tpdwftykdif;
rsm;odk@ ul;pufoGm;onf? a&m*gvuQ%monf ntcsdefac|;rsm;xGufjcif;/ tyl&dSefjrifhrm;um
tzsm;wufjcif;/ acsmif;qkd;jcif;/ ukd,ftav;csdefavsmhusjcif;/ tpmcsufpkwf,lEkdifpGrf;r&dSjcif;ESifh
0rf;av#mjcif;wdk@jzpfonf? aq;trsKd;pm;aygif;pkHukojcif;jzifh trfatpDudk xdef;csKyfxm;Ekdifonf?
[pfpfwdkyvyfrdk;ppfpf (rd_bufwD;&D;,m;a=umifhjzpfaom qdk;0g;onfhtqkyfa&m*g)
iSufacs; (odk@) tjcm;obm0ZD0urR"mwfrsm; yg0ifaeaomajr}uD;wGif awG@&avh&dSaom rd_bufwD;

&D;,m;rsm;a=umifh jzpfyGm;aoma&m*g? a,bk,stm;jzifh rd_bufwD;&D;,m;yg0ifaeaom zHkr_ef@rsm;udk
±ª±ªdufrdjcif;a=umifh vlwdk@tm;ul;pufwwfonf? a&m*gtoGifvuQ%mrsm;rSm tzsm;wufjcif;/
cE<mudk,ftav;csdefavsmhusjcif;/ yifyef;EGrf;e,fjcif;/ touf±ª&cufcJjcif;ESifh tzkt}udwfrsm;
a,mif,rf; }uD;xGm;vmjcif;wdk@jzpfonf? [pfpfwdkyvyfrkd;ppfpfonf tqkyfudk a&m*g&aponf?

xdk@aemuf cE<mudk,ftjcm;tpdwftydkif;rsm;odk@ ul;pufysH@ESH@oGm;Ekdifonf? tu,fI ukor_r&dSygu
About HIV
toufaoqHk;Ekdifonf? r_dbufwD;&D;,m;udkwkdufcdkufonfh aq;0g;rsm;jzifh zsm;emaer_udkukoEkdif
onf? wcsdefwnf;wGif zsm;emr_tzefzefwvJvJrjzpfap&ef umuG,f&eftwGufvnf; tjcm;aq;
0g;rsm;udkoHk;pGJI ukoxdef;csKyfxm;Ekdifonf?
Ò tl
c&pfyfwdkpay:&D'D±kd;ppfpf
c&pfyfwdk[kvnf; !$ef;avh&dSonf? c&pfyfwdkpay:&D'D±kd;ppfpf[kac:onfh ykd;r$m;uyfyg;aumif"mwfrsm;

oufa&mufaeonfh a&/ rpif (odk@) tpm;tpmrsm;rSwqifhul;pufaom tlwGifjzpfonfha&m*g
jzpfonf? a&m*gvuQ%mrsm;wGif 0rf;av#mjcif;/ rtDromysKd@wufjcif;/ atmhtefjcif;/ cE<mukd,ft
av;csdefavsmhusjcif;ESifh tpmtdrfºuGufwufjcif;wdk@ yg0ifonf? tdwfcsftkdifAGD&dSaeaomolrsm;wGif
xdka&m*gul;pufr_onf jzpfavhjzpfx&dSaom &ufowWESpfywfxuf ydk=umavh&dSonf? toufao
qHk;Ekdifonf? c&pfyfwdktzsm;a&m*gudk ukoumuG,fxdef;csKyf&eftwGuf aq;0g;r&dSao;? odk@aomf
ul;pufa&m*ga=umifhjzpfyGm;onfh 0rf;av#mjcif;udk xdef;csKyfEkdifonfhukor_rsm;url &dSaeygonf?
qdkufwdkrD*JvdkAkdif;&yfpf (pDtrfADG)
pDtrfAGD[kvnf; !¸ef;onf? Akdif;&yfpfwrsKd;jzpfI rsm;aomtm;jzifh rsufaphwGiful;pufonhfa&m*g

jzpfonf? odk@aomfvnf; tdwfcsftkdifAGD&dSaeaomolrsm;twGuf tlra,mifem[kac:onfh tpmajc
tlrwGif ul;pufjcif;udk jzpfyGm;apEkdifonf? pDtrfAGDonf wHawG;/ okwf/ rt*Fgt&nf/ qD;/ rdcifEdk@
wkdufjcif;ESifh pDtrfAGDul;pufxm;aom aoG;oGif;jcif;wdk@rSwqifh vlwOD;rSwOD;odk@ ul;pufjyef@yGm;Ekdif
onf? tlwGifjzpfaom pDtrfAGDa&m*gvuQ%mrsm;wGif 0rf;Akdufatmifhjcif;/ 0rf;av#mjcif;/ ºuGuf
wufjcif;/ cE<mukd,ftav;csdefavsmhusjcif;ESifh aoG;yrm%avsmhusjcif;wdk@yg0ifonf? xdk@twGuf
umuG,fuko&ef aq;0g;rsm;&dSonf?
Ò rsufaph
qkdufwdkrD*JvdkAkdif;&yfpf
pDtrfAGDul;pufr_onf rsufaphtm±Hktjrif ylavmifa00g;jcif;ukdjzpfyGm;apI wHawG;/ okwf/ rt*Fgt

&nf/ qD;/ rdcifEkd@wkdufjcif;ESifh ul;pufxm;aomaoG;oGif;jcif;wdk@rS tjcm;olrsm;xHodk@ ul;puf
Ekdifonf? a&m*gvuQ%mrsm;wGif rsufaphY tpuftaysmufrsm;&dSvmjcif;ESifh tjrifa00g;vmjcif;/

t&m0wˆKrsm;udkjrif&mY yHkpHysuf,Gif;Ijrifvmjcif;/ tjriftuef@towf&dSvmjcif;wdk@yg0ifum
About HIV
rsufaphuG,foGm;onftxd jzpfEkdifonf? xdk@twGuf ukor_onf ta=umtwGif;odk@aq;oGif;jcif;/

aomufaq;rsm;ay;jcif;/ rsufaphtwGif;odk@ wkduf±dkufaq;xdk;jcif;wdk@jzpfonf? ukor_r&dSygu
pDtrfAGDAkdif;&yfpfykd;onf rsufaphuG,fapEkdifonf?
Ò OD;aESmuf
c&pfyfwdkaumhu,f rJeif*spfwpfpf (OD;aESmuftarS;a&mifa&m*g)
iSufacs;rsm;yg0ifaeonfhajr}uD;wGif tawG@rsm;avh&dSonfh c&pfyfwkdaumhu,f[kac:onfh rd_ydk;r$m;

wrsKd;jzpfonf? xdkrd_ydk;r$m;"mwfyg0ifaeonfh zHkr_ef@rsm;udk±ª±ªdufrdojzifh vltrsm;wGiful;pufEkdifonf?
tdwfcsftkdifAGD&dSaomolrsm;twGuf OD;aESmuftarS;a&mifa&m*gudk jzpfaponf? a&m*gvuQ%mrsm;
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rukoygu ul;pufcHxm;&olonf tvsiftjrefaoqHk;Ekdifonf?
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ukd,ftpdwftykdif;rsm;odk@ ul;pufoGm;Ekdifonf? odk@aomf rsm;aomtm;jzifh OD;aESmufudkul;pufum
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aomf xdef;csKyfukoay;I&aoma&m*gjzpfonf?
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odk@aomf

About HIV
Ò yg;pyf
uif'D'D;,m;ppfpf
Tul;pufrd_ ydk;r$m;trsKd;tpm;onf tdwfcsftkdifAGD&dSaeolrsm;xHwGif awG@&avh&dSaom ul;puf

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ukor_rsm;pGm&dSygonf?
Ò ta&jym;
a&,keful;pufjcif;
a&,keful;pufonfh Akdif;&yfpfESpfrsKd;&dSonf? tdwfcsftufpfAGD (1) Akdif;&yfpfonf yg;pyfESifhrsufvHk;rsm;

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wdk@udk jzpfaponf? tdwfcsftufpfAGD (2) Akdif;&yfpfonf vdift*FgZmwfw0kdufESifh ptdkwdk@wGif
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a&,keftzktydef@rsm;ESifh a,mif,rf;jcif;wdk@jzpfonf? tdwfcsftkdifAGD&dSaeaomolrsm;wGif xdkuJhodk@
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aygufjcif;udk avsmhcsxdef;csKyfonfh ukoenf;rsm;&dSaeonf?
Zdk;pwm;a&,kef
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udkay:vmapI &ufowWtywfaygif;rsm;pGmraysmufyJ &dSaewwfonf? xdkAkdif;&yfpfudk umuG,f&ef
aq;enf; r&dSao;yg? odk@aomf a&,kefwkdufckdufa&;aq;rsm;ESifh emusifukdufcJaysmufaq;rsm;udk
oHk;I ukoEkdifonf?

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About HIV
Ò vdift*Fgrsm;
uif'D'D;,m;ppfpf
ul;pufcH&t+yD; vuQ%mrsm;taejzifh rt*FgZmwfrS tjzLa&qif;jcif;/ ,m;,Hjcif;ESifh qD;oGm;

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a&,kefjzpfyGm;aeaom yg;pyf (odk@) vdift*Fgrsm;ESifhxdawG@jcif;jzifh vlwOD;rSwOD;odk@ ul;pufjyef@
yGm;Ekdifonf? a&m*gvuQ%mrsm;rSm tzktydef@rsm;w&pyfaygufI ,m;,Hjcif;ESifh pyfzsOf;zsOf;
jzpfjcif; (odk@) temrsm;jzpfI a,mif,rf;jcif;wkd@udkjzpfay:onf? tdwfcsftkdifAGD&dSaeolrsm;tzdk@
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jzpfIa,mif,rf;jcif;wdk@ qufwkdufjzpfaejcif;rS avsmhusoGm;atmif vkyfay;Ekdifonf?
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jcif;tm;jzifh wOD;rSwOD;odk@ ul;pufysH@ESH@Ekdifonf? txl;ojzihf vdifqufqHaeonfhtawmtwGif;
Yjzpfonf? vdifwH/ rt*FgZmwfESifh ptkdwdk@wGif ºuGufEdk@rsm;aygufjcif;wdk@jzpfonf? tdwfcsfyDAGDAkdif;&yfpf
onf om;tdrfuifqmjzpfjcif;ESifh qufEG,faeonf? tdwfcsfyDAGDESifhpyfvsOf;I uko&efaq;0g;r&dS
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Ò uifqm
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'Dtufpf&dSaeolrsm;wGif a,bk,stm;jzifh Non-Hodgkins lymphoma [kac:onfh tom;ykd

ykHpHrsm;&dSaeonf? "mwkukxHk;rsm;ESifh "mwfuif radio therapy rsm;jzifh xdkusLrm ac: tom;ykd
About HIV
rsm;jyef@yGm;jcif;udk aES;auG;oGm;atmifvkyfEkdifonf? odk@aomf vkHk;vHk;aysmufuif;ap&ef ukojcif;rsKd;
rvkyfEkdifao;yg?
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jzpfonf? tmz&dutv,fykdif;ESifh ajrxJyifv,fa'o&dS ouf}uD;trsKd;om;rsm;Y tjzpfrsm;aom
a&m*gjzpfonf? attkdif'DtufpfESifhqufEG,fIajym&ygu autufpfonf vl.cE<mukd,ftwGif;
tpdwftykdif;rsm;udk wdkufckdufwwfonf? c&rf;a&mifta&jym;'%f&mrsm;udk&&dSum emusifaponf?
ab;xGufjy\emenf;yg;aom "mwkukxHk;rsm;jzifh auttufpfAkdif;&yfpfykd;udk xdef;csKyfukoEkdifr_
onf ydkIwkd;wufvmonf?
udk;um;csuf? ? Henry J.Kaiser Family Foundation. Reporting Manual on HIV/AIDS: HIV/

AIDS Reporting, December 2005, http://www.kff.org/hivaids/upload/7124-02.pdf
Q Anti-retroviral treatment (ART) attm&fwDqdkonfrSm tb,fenf;?
A attm&fwDonf attdkif'Dtufpfvlemrsm;udkay;aom aygif;pyfxm;onfh aq;0g;wckjzpfonf?

attdkif'Dtufpfonf pD'Dzkd;ac: aoG;jzLOta&twGuf 200 xufenf;vmaomtcgESifh cE<mudk,frS
a&m*gtm; rwdkufxkwfEdkifaom tdwfcsftdkifAGD.wqifhvGeftqifhjzpfonf? attm&fwDonf
cE<mudk,fwGif;wGif tdwfcsftdkifAGDukd wdkufxkwfay;onf?
attm&fwDonf tdwfcsftdkifAGDykd;aysmufuif;oGm;atmif ukoay;aom aq;0g;wckr[kwfay?

attm&fwDonf oifydkrdkusef;rmvmap&eftwGuf oif.udk,fcHtm;pepfudk ydkrdktm;aumif;vmap
&ef taxmuftuljyKay;jcif;omjzpfonf? ESmpD;acsmif;qdk;/ wDbDESifh 0rf;av#ma&m*gponfh a0'em
rsm; oif.udk,fcE<mtwGif; r0ifa&mufap&efwm;jrpfjcif;ESifh wdkufxkwfjcif;rsm;twGufvnf;
attm&fwDu taxmuftuljyKay;onf?
pD'Dzkd;aoG;jzLOta&twGuf
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onf tb,fa=umifhta&;ygoenf;?

About HIV
xdkqJvfrsm;.rsufESmjyifwGif pD'Dzdk;[kac:aom armfvDusL;rsm;&Sdonf? xdkulnDay;aomqJvfrsm;

onf Adkif;&yfpfykd;uJhodk@aom rdkufc±dkatmf*JepfZif (t%kZD0rsm;) wdkufcdkuf&mwGif cE<mudk,f.
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jzpfonf? odk@rSom udk,fcHtm;pepf. usef;rma&;udk wdkif;wmEdkifrnfjzpfonf? usef;rmaomt&G,f
a&mufolwOD;wGif yHkrSefpD'Dzkd;qJvfta&twGuf rwluGJjym;Ekdifonf? odk@aomf yHkrSeftm;jzifhaoG;
wpfukArDvDrDwmwGif qJvfta&twGuf 600 rS 1200 xd&dSonf?
600 ESifh 350 t=um; - tdwfcsftdkifADGykd;&SdoltwGuf tvGefaumif;aomtqifh[k owfrSwfonf?
350 ESifh 200 t=um; - udk,fcHtm;pepf tm;enf;aeaomtqifhjzpfonf? xkd@a=umifh ykd;&Sdolonf

ul;pufa&m*grsm;/ tjcm;a&m*grsm; 0ifa&mufEdkifaom tEW&m,f&dSaeonfhtqifhjzpfonf?
200 atmuf - udk,fcHtm;pepf qdk;qdk;&Gm;&Gm;usqif;aeaomtqifhjzpfonf? tdwfcsftkdifAGD&Sdolonf

ul;pufa&m*g tvG,fwul&&dSEdkifaom tEW&m,ftrSefyif&dSaeonf? pD'Dzkd;qJvf 50 xufavsmhenf;
oGm;ygu ueOD;ydkif;wGif trsm;tjym;wdk;wufr_r&dSEdkifaomfvnf; udk,fcE<monf qufvufoGm;Edkif
vmEdkifao;onf?
Q attm&fwDu rnfuJhodk@ulnDay;oenf;?
A 1? attm&fwDonf vlemESifh rdom;pktwGuf aumif;rGefonf?

2? vlemonf ydkrdkusef;rmI ydkrdktouf&SnfpGm aeEdkifonf?
3? attm&fwDaomufoHk;aeaomvlonf rdbwOD; odk@r[kwf t"du0ifaiG&Sdaeaomoljzpfygu
‚if;wdk@onf ‚if;wdk@rdom;pkudk apmifha&Smufr_ESifh axmufyHhr_ qufvufvkyfaqmifEdkifonf?

Q tdwftkdifAGDykd;&Sdol ac: yDt,fvftdwfcsftkdifAGDu rnfonfhae&mwGif attm&fwDudk &&SdEdkifoenf;?
About HIV
A usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_Xme tcsKd@omv#if ukor_udkurf;vSrf;vdrfhrnfjzpfonf? usef;rma&;vkyf
om;rsm;onf attm&fwDvdktyfaomolrsm;udk rnfuJhodk@ulnDay;&rnfudk od&SdEdkif&eftwGuf
pnf;pepfwusodxm;&efvdktyfonf? xdkaq;0g;rsm;udk tpDtpOftwkdkif; ykHrSefpm;oHk;&rnfjzpf
onf? usef;rma&;vkyfom; tajrmuftjrm;udk oif=um;xm;+yD; aq;0g;rsm;rsm;&Sdaeygu usef;rm
a&;Xmetawmfrsm;rsm;vnf; attm&fwDudk ay;Ekdifvdrfhrnfjzpfonf?
Q attm&fwDaq;0g;rsm;u oHk;pGJolrsm;udk rnfodk@jzpfapoenf;?
A Ò attm&fADGaq;trsKd;tpm; trsKd;rsKd;&Sdaomfvnf;/ wrsKd;wnf;pm;oHk;±HkESifh tusKd;tmedoif xd

a&mufvdrfhrnfr[kwf?
Ò attm&fwDaq;oHk;rsKd;udk twlwuGpm;oHk;rSomv#if tmedoiftaumif;qkH; xda&mufr_&Sdonf?

Tonfudk aygif;pyfukxkH;[kac:onf?
Ò oifhtm;ay;aom aygif;pyfukxkH;onf oifhcE<mudk,fwGif;&Sd tdwfcsftdkifADGydk;ta&twGuf

wdk;yGm;jcif;rS&yfwef@apjcif;jzifh tdwfcsftdkifADGydk;yrm%udk xdef;csKyfvdrfhrnfjzpfonf?
Ò u|Efkyfwdk@onf attm&fwDaq;0g;rsm;ta=umif;udk tcsdefwdkif;avhvmae&rnfjzpfonf? ,if;

tvkyfrSm aumif;rGefaomvkyfief;wckjzpfonf? owif;tcsuftvuftopfrsm;u odyH`ynm&Sif
rsm;udk aq;0g;topfrsm;ESifh ydkrdkaumif;rGefaom aygif;pyfukxkH;topfrsm; xkwfvkyfEdkif&ef ulnD
vdrfhrnfjzpfonf?

About HIV
attm&fwDaq;0g;rsm;onf emrnftrsKd;rsKd;&SdEdkifonf?
TonfrSm oif=um;zl;aumif;=um;zl;Edkifaom erlem

emrnftcsKd@jzpfonf?
Ò attm&fwD odk@r[kwf attm&fADGaq;0g;rsm;

Ò HAART (odk@) txl;tmedoif&Sdaom attm&fwDukxkH;
Ò aq;0g;pHk cocktail ta&mtaESm
Ò oHk;rsKd;aygif;pyfukxHk;
Picture Source: www.onlinedrugnews.com
Ò aygif;pyfukxHk;
Q attm&fwDwGif tb,fa=umifh emrnftrsm;tjym;&Sd&oenf;?
A wcgw&HwGif attm&fwDrsm;udk ‚if;wdk@. rsKd;±dk;ADZemrnfay:tajccHI ac:a0:onf? (Tonfu

pmvHk;tao;ESifh ponf?)
wcgw&HwGif attm&fwDrsm;udk txkwf (okd@) Al;ay:&Sd wHqdyfemrnfvdkufIac:a0:onf? (Tonf

u pmvHk;t}uD;ESifh ponf?)
tjcm;tcsdefrsm;wGif ,if;wdk@udk emrnftwdk (odk@) twdkaumufac:a0:onf?
t0wfav#mfqyfjymr_ef@udk Oyrmxm;I pOf;pm;=unfhyg? tjyifbufwGif emrnfonf tdkrdk odk@r[kwf

qmhAf odk@r[kwf pupf jzpfaumif;jzpfrnf (wHqdyfemrnf jzpfonf?) odk@aomf twGif;bufwGif
,if;onf - t0wfav#mfqyfjymr_ef@yif - jzpfonf (rsKd;±kd;ADZemrnfjzpfonf?)
aygif;pyfukxkH;aq;0g;rsm; (aygif;pyfukxHk;)
,ckavmavmq,fwGif aq;±Hkrsm;ESifhaq;cef;rsm;wGif&&SdEdkifaom jzpfEdkifacsaygif;pyfaq;rsm;

ESpfrsKd;&Sdonf? rnfonfhaq;pyfu taumif;qHk;jzpfonfudk q&m0efu qHk;jzwfvdrfhrnfjzpfonf?
yxrtqifhukor_
Ò oifpm;oHk;&aom yxrOD;qHk;aygif;pyfaq;0g;udk yxrukor_[kac:onf? Oyrm - stavudine

(d4T) + lamivudine (3TC) + efavirenz (EFV) or nevirapine (NVP)

Ò vltrsm;pkonf ,if;aygif;pyfaq;jzifh pwifonf?
About HIV
Ò xdkaygif;pyfaq;uoifhudk qkd;&Gm;aomab;xGufqdk;usKd;jzpfapygu odk@r[kwf ,if;utmedoif
xda&mufr_&yfwef@oGm;ygu oifhq&m0efonf oifhtm;aq;ajymif;ay;&ef qHk;jzwfaumif; qHk;jzwf
rnf?
'kwd,tqifhukor_
Ò yxrukor_rxda&mufygu q&m0efonftjcm;aygif;pyfaq;wckudk }udK;pm;aumif;}udK;pm;

rnf?
Ò Tonfudk 'kwd,ukor_[kac:onf? Oyrm - ziduvudine (AZT) + didanosine (ddI) +

lopinovir (LPV) or ritonavir (r)
Q attm&fwDrsm;udk rnfr#=um=um pm;oHk;&rnfenf;?
A xdkaq;0g;rsm;udk oifhb0wav#mufvHk; ae@pOfae@wdkif; wae@w}udrf odk@r[kwf ESpf}udrf oifpm;oHk;&

vdrfhrnfjzpfonf? aq;jym;wdkif;wGif tcsdefrSefoifpm;oHk;ygu Adkif;&yfpfydk;rsm;udk }uD;xGm;rsm;jym;
vmjcif;rS&yfwef@ay;oifh+yD; “Adkif;&yfpfyrm%” [kac:aom oifhcE<mudk,fwGif;&Sd Adkif;&yfpfydk;rsm;
pkpnf;r_udk av#mhcsEdkifonf?
Q vlrsm;taejzifh attm&fADGaq;0g;rsm; tvkyfjzpfrjzpfudk rnfuJhodk@od&SdEdkifoenf;?
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Ò aoG;jzLOta&twGuf ac: pD'Dzkd; (CD4) a&wGufjcif;
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Ò Adkif;&yfpfydk;yrm% ppfaq;jcif;

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wdkifatmif Adkif;&yfpfydk;yrm%avsmhusoGm; roGm;udk ppfaq;onf? attm&fADGaq;0g;rsm; aumif;

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tav;csdefudkppfaq;Edkif&ef ppfaq;r_wck jyKvkyfEdkifonf?
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attm&fADGaq;0g;rsm; tmedoifaumif;aumif;xda&mufygu
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rSm acsmif;qdk;jcif;/ rSuQ±kaygufjcif;/ tzktydef@rsm;/ teDuGufrsm;xjcif; odk@r[kwf 0rf;oGm;jcif;wdk@
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jzpfonf?
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&vmaom ta=umif;t&mrsm;jzpfonf?
Ò attm&fADGaq;0g; pwiftoHk;jyKjcif;onf &moufyefaq;ukor_cH,l&ef qHk;jzwfjcif;jzpf+yD;

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zefwD;apEdkif+yD; tE«&m,f&SdaomtjyKtrlrsm; wdk;yGm;vmapEdkifonf? tusKd;aqmifrsm;onf
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Ò Towif;tcsuftvufrsm;ukd rdom;pkusef;rma&;qdkif&m EdkifiHwumtcsuftvufpm&Guf

"Family Health International Factsheet" rS ,laqmifxm;jcif;jzpfonf? owif;tcsuftvuf
tjynfhtpHkudk www.fhi.org/en/hivaids/publications/factsheets/introarv.htm 0ufbfqdk'fY
&&SdEdkifygonf?

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attkdif'Dtufpf Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome onf tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd; Human

Immunodeficiency Virus a=umihf jzpfyGm;aoma&m*gjzpfonf?
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ZD0qkdif&mumuG,fenf; - tufpfwDtkdifr&atmif
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ul;pufykHul;pufenf; - rdcifrS &ifaoG;i,frsm;okd‹

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About HIV
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Pre-Production
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onf?
Ò Zmwfvrf;pwifjzpfwnfcJhonfhae&modk@oGm;I vdktyfaomtawG;tkdif'D,mrsm; Zmwfvrf;

jrifuGif;twGuf&&dSap&ef pwifvkyfaqmifyg? xdkodk@aqmif&Gufjcif;onf ±kyfjrifowif;axmufrsm;udk
omru yHkEdSyfowif;axmufrsm;twGufvnf; xyfwlta&;}uD;aomudpPjzpfonf? xdkrSwqifh
Zmwfvrf;twGuf vdktyfaomjzpfpOf (odk@) Zmwfvrf;udk rnfodk@OD;wnfzefwD;rnf[laom pdwful;
udk &&dSaponf? xdkodk@aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh oifhtaejzifh oifhtwGuftaxmuftuljzpfaprnhf
rlvuar#mfvifhrxm;onfh owif;tcsuftvufrsm;/ owif;twdktxGmrsm; ydkrdk&&dSaponf? xdk@
twGuf ydkrdkpdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;aom/ ydkrdkxda&mufaomZmwfvrf;udk zefwD;Ekdifayrnf? xdk@tjyif
toif&&dSvmaom rsm;jym;onfhtcsuftvufrsm;a=umifh tqdkygowif;onf owif;wefzdk;
b,favmuf&dSr&dSqdkonfudkvnf; oifhtaejzifhqHk;jzwf&ef ykdrdkvG,fulaponf?
2? rdrda&;om;rnfh Zmwfvrf;udka&G;cs,fjcif;
Ò pdwf0ifpm;zdk@aumif;raumif; qef;ppfyg? owif;orm;wOD;taejzifh owif;onf onf;wHk

tlwHkjzpfap&ef zefwD;zdk@vdkaoma=umifh xdkodk@tvkyfjzpfEkdifrjzpfEkdif od&dSzdk@vdkonf? tu,fI
owif;onf pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;onf[kqdkygu oif.qGJaqmifr_jzifh y&dowfygvmatmif
zefwD;Ekdifrnfjzpfonf? tu,fI owif;onf ysif;&dzG,faumif;onf[k oifawG@&dSygu oifhy&d
owfudk 'kuQay;aep&m rvdkawmh?
Ò y&dwfowftwGuf qDavsmfr_&dSr&dS qef;ppfyg? rwlaomy&dowftwGuf rwlaomtjrifrsm;

wifjy&efvdkonf? touf 20 t&G,f y&dowfrsm;.t}udKufESifh touf 35 ESpft&G,fy&dowf
wdk@ t}udKufcsif;tjrifcsif;rwlonfudk od&dSxm;&rnf? eHeufpmpm;&if; owif;em;axmifonfh
y&dowfESifh nykdif;wGifowif;em;axmifonfhy&dowfwdk@wGif rwlnDaom jcm;em;csufrsm;&dSa=umif;
odxm;&rnf?
Ò tu,fIoifonf pD;yGm;a&;owif;orm; qdkygpdk@? oif.y&dowfonf tdwfcsftkdifADG§attkdif'D

tufpfESifhqufpyfywfoufI vuf&dSumvESifh tem*wfwGif pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;twGif;&dS
vkyfom;xkxJwGif rnfodk@qdk;usKd;oufa&mufEkdifrnfudk ydkIpdwf0ifpm;vdrfhrnf? odk@r[kwfygu
wkd;wufrsm;jym;vmaom rdbrJhuav;rsm;ESifh yDt,fvftdwfcsftkdifAGD ac: tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdif
aeolvlOD;a&a=umifh EkdifiHawmf.vlr_axmufyHha&;bwf*suftm; rnfodk@±dkufcwfvmEkdifonfudk
ydkIpdwf0ifpm;vdrfhrnf? a'ocHvlxktajcjyKowif;pmrsm;taejzifh vlr_e,fy,fwGif rnfodk@±dkufcwf
vmEkdifonf[laomtcsufu ydkIvlpdwf0ifpm;EkdifzG,fowif;jzpfonf? vlOD;a&avsmhyg;jcif;onf
tdwfcsftkdifAGDjyef@ESH@vmjcif;ESifh qufpyfaeonf? odk@aomf vl}uD;ESifhvli,frsm;onf tdwfcsftkdif

AGDul;pufcH&aomfvnf; attkdif'DtufpfESifhqufpyfaom zsm;emolrsm;om aoqHk;jcif;ESifh&iffqkdif
Pre-Production
&a=umif;ponfwdk@udk &Sif;vif;wifjyEkdifonf? Zmwfvrf;rsm;zefwD;&ef ta=umif;t&mrsm;udk
pOf;pm;aomtcg y&dowfudkvkdufI b,ftrsKd;pm;aomy&dowfonf b,fvdkcsOf;uyfa&;om;aom
ta=umif;t&mrsm;udk ydkIem;axmif&ef/ zwf&efpdwf0ifpm;a=umif; odzdk@vdkonf?
Ò oifwifjyaomZmwfvrf;onf owfrSwfxm;aomtpDtpOftwGif; tusLH;0ifr0if - oifwifjy

vmaomZmwfvrf;onf owfrSwfxm;aomabmiftwGif;Y a&;om;±Hkru owif;twdkt&Snf
udkvnf; owdjyK&efvdkonf? eHeufykdif;vuf&dStajctae tpDtpOfwifqufr_onf aoaocsmcsm
pDpOfwifquf&efvdkonf? ae@vnfykdif;owif;onf ayghayghyg;yg; azsmfajzwifqufjcif;rsKd; jzpfoifh
onf? xdk@aemuf u|rf;usifolrsm;pDpOfxkwfvkyfonfh ynmay;Zmwfvrf;rsm;onfvnf; y&dowf
twGuf aumif;rGefonfhtpDtpOfrsm;[k qdkEdkifonf? ykHEdSyfowif;rD'D,mrsm;twGufrl wae@wm
owif;onf yHkpHwly&dowftwGuf owif;uGyfvyfjznhfEkdifonfh yrm%tay:rlwnfI a&;om;
Ekdifonf? tu,fI oif.Zmwfvrf;onf owif;oufoufr[kwfyJ owif;aqmif;yg;taejzifh
y&dowfudkydkIqGJaqmifEkdifonf[kqdkygu oifhtaejzihf t"dutcsuftvufrsm;/ ae@pOfjzpfyGm;ae
onfh jzpfpOfrsm;jzifh pwifa&;om;um aemufykdif;wGifrS vdktyfaomta&mifrsm;/ "mwfyHkrsm;jzifh
owif;aqmif;yg;udk qufvufazmfjyyg?
aemuftcsufonf Zmwfvrf;wlwyk'ftm; rwluGJjym;aomy&dowftwGuf rwluGJjym;aom ±ª

axmifhrsm;rS csOf;uyfa&;om;jcif;jzpfonf?
wkd;wufrsm;jym;vmaom
rdbrJhuav;rsm;ESifh
yDt,fvftdwfcsftkdifAGDac:
tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdifaeol
vlOD;a&a=umifh EkdifiHawmf.
vlr_axmufyHha&;bwf*suftm;
rnfodk@±dkufcwfvmEkdifonfudk æ
3? rdrda&;om;rnfh &_axmifhudka&G;cs,fjcif;
Zmwfvrf;rsm;udkwifjy&mwGif ra&rwGufEkdifaom enf;vrf;aygif;pHkjzifh wifqufEkdifonf? Zmwf

vrf;udka&G;cs,fjcif;/ ±ªaxmifhudka&G;cs,fjcif;wkd@onf rwluGJjym;aom pdwf0ifpm;r_/ wefzdk;/ tusKd;
ta=umif;qDavsmfr_ESifh owfrSwfxm;aomtpDtpOfcsxm;r_wdk@a=umifhjzpfonf?

owif;axmufrsm;taejzifh tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfZmwfvrf;rsm;udk a&;om;wifquf&m
Pre-Production
wGif Zmwfvrf;zG@HxGm;ap&eftwGuf enf;vrf;rsm;pGm&dSonf? Oyrmtm;jzifh - owif;pmYazmfjy

a&;om;jcif;/ vlxkqufqHa&;a&'D,dkrsm;rSwifqufjcif; ponfwdk@jzpfonf? pmzwfoltrsKd;tpm;/
em;aomwqifol y&dowftrsKd;pm;wdk@tay:vkdufI (y&dowf. rwlaomb0yHkpHrsm;/ 0ifaiG/
ynma&;/ a'ouGJjym;jcif;) vnf;rlwnfonf? +rdK@ay:aexkdifol ynmwwfy&dowftaejzifh cufcJ
±ªyfaxG;aomta=umif;t&mrsm;onf xl;qef;onf[krqdkEkdifaomfvnf; owif;iwfrGwfacgif;yg;
aom/ ynma&;tajctaetuef@towf&dSaom awmaevlwef;pm;twGufrl em;vnf&eftcuf
tcJrsm;&dSaeao;onf? xdk@a=umifh rwluGJjym;onfh pdwf0ifpm;r_rsm;onf oufqkdif&mvlaer_b0
rsm;rSwqifh a&mifjyef[yfjcif;jzpfonf?
vdktyfaomtcsuftvufrsm; rpkaqmif;rDS/ Zmwfvrf;twGuf b,fvdk±ªaxmifhrSwifqufrnf/

rnfonfhvrf;a=umif;rS qufoGm;rnfqdkonfudk t=urf;zsOf;awmh a&G;cs,fa&;om;xm;&efvdk
onf? odk@rSom oifhtaejzifh b,fvdktjrifjzifh=unfhrnf/ rnfolawGESifh qufoG,f&rnf/ rnfol
awGESifh pum;ajymzdk@vdkonfudk qHk;jzwfEkdifrnfjzpfonf? xdkodk@vdktyfaom tcsuftvufrsm;udk
pkaqmif;aepOftwGif; oifhtaejzifh b,ftcsuftay:wGif txl;tm±Hkpdkufrnfqdkonfudk aoao
csmcsmpOf;pm;Ekdifrnfvnf;jzpfonf?
owif;axmufwdk@ vkyfaqmifoifhonfrsm;rSm -
Ò r#waomowif;tpD&ifcHr_rsm; xkwfvkyf&ef/
Ò rdrd&SmazGxm;aom aemufcHtcsuftvufowif;rsm;onf rSefuefa=umif;aocsmygap/
Ò owif;rsm;a&;om;&mwGif enf;vrf;rsm;pGm&dSaoma=umifh tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpf

owif;Zmwfvrf;rsm;twGuf vGJacsmfr_rsm;&dSEkdifonf? Oyrmtm;jzifh pD;yGm;a&; (odk@) vlr_a&;
tjrif±ªaxmifhrSpOf;pm;&mwGif toHk;jyKaom &nf!$ef;udef;tcsuftvufrsm; (odk@) usif@0wfykdif;
qkdif&mtcsuftvufrsm; (odk@) rl0g'ay:vpDxkwfjyefa=ujimcsufrsm; wckESifhwck ra&maxG;oGm;
&efvkdtyfonf?
Ò owif;Zmwfvrf;a&;om;&mwGif vlom;wdk@tusKd;&dS&m&dSa=umif; ±ªaxmifhrStjrJpOf;pm;yg? odk@

rSom rdrdwifjyonfudk y&dowftaejzifh bmudkxif[yfqdkvdka=umif; oabmaygufEkdifrnfjzpf
onf? xdktcsufrsm;ay:wGifrlwnfI wifjyrnfhvlyk*~dKvfwOD;.Zmwfvrf;udk wifjy&ygrnf? xdkodk@
wifjyjcif;onf y&dowfudk vl@tzGJ@tpnf;twGif; jzpfyGm;aeonfhjzpfpOfrsm;udk em;vnfoabm
aygufap+yD; tem*wfrsKd;qufopfrsm;twGufvnf; w+ydKifwnf;wGiftusKd;&dSaponf?

Pre-Production
Ò tu,fI ±dk;&morm;awmfrsm;ESifh aysmufapq&mrsm;ta=umif; (odk@) xl;qef;aomukxHk;rsm;
ta=umif; wifqufonfqdkygpdk@? b,fukxHk;onf a&m*gaysmufuif;ap&ef vufawG@oufao
jyEkdifjcif; &dSr&dSqdkonfhudpPrsm;twGuf wduspGmajymqdkEkdifaom ody`Hynm&Sifrsm;/ q&m0efrsm;
xHrSrSwfcsufrsm;jzifh owif;udkbufvkdufr_r&dSapyJ a&;om;&rnf?
Ò rnfuJhodk@aom rSm;,Gif;,Hk=unfaer_rsKd;rqdk vlr_e,fy,ftwGif; ysH@ESH@aumif;ysH@ESH@oGm;Ekdifonfudk

xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;yg? xdkodk@rSm;,Gif;pGm,Hk=unfaer_rsm; aysmufuG,fap&ef b,fvdkaqmif&GufEkdif
onf qdkjcif;udkvnf; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;oifhonf?
4? rdrdtpDtpOf (tifwmAsK;) twGuf tvm;tvm&dSonfh

awG‹qkHar;jref;rnfhvludka&G;cs,fjcif;
oifhZmwfvrf;twGuf u|rf;usif+yD;tpGrf;tp&dS/ tvm;tvm&dSonfh awG@qkHar;jref;rnfholudk

a&G;cs,faepOf oifbmudk&SmazGaeoenf;? yifudk,fpGrf;&nf&dSol/ tvm;tvm&dSolrsm;taejzifh
olwdk@rnfonfhbmom&yfudk a&G;cs,f&rnfqdkonfukd odae+yD;jzpfonf? odk@aomf ta&;}uD;onfrSm
&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; csdwfqufrdrdwifjywwf&efvnf; vdktyfonf? odk@rSom oif.wifjycsufonf
ysif;&dzG,fjzpfraeyJ trsm;oligpdwf0ifwpm; em;axmif=urnfjzpfonf?
tvm;tvmtpGrf;tp&dSonfholrsm; [kqdk&mY y&dowfudkwifjy&mwGif wHk@qdkif;aejcif;/ txpfxpf

taighaighjzpfaejcif;wdk@udk a&Smif&Sm;Ekdif&rnf? xdk@tjyif ynm&yfqefvGef;aejcif;udkvnf; a&Smif&Sm;
&rnf?
aemufxyfa&Smif&Sm;oifhonfhtcsufrSm rdrda&G;cs,fxm;aom awG@qkHar;jref;rnfholtm; rnfonfh

ta=umif;udkrS }udKwifIuwday;xm;jcif;rjyKygESifh? xdkodk@uwd}udKay;xm;rdonfhwkdif rdrdawG@qkH
ar;jref;olonf t&nftaoG;r&dSI tvkyfrjzpfonfhtcgwGif awG@qkHar;jref;csufY pdwftaESmifh
t,SufjzpfzG,frsm;/ uoduatmufjzpf&onfrsm; ygaeyguvnf; tvkyfrjzpfEkdifay?
5? Zmwfvrf;twGif; rwlnDaom±ªaxmifhaygif;pHkudk zefwD;jcif;
owif;axmufrsm;taejzifh vkdufemtyfonfht&mrsm;rSm -
Ò r#waomowif;ay;ykd@csufrsm; xkwfvkyf&ef/

Pre-Production
Ò rdrd&SmazGxm;aom aemufcHtcsuftvufowif;rsm; rSefuefa=umif;aocsmygap/
Ò owif;a&;om;&mwGif enf;vrf;rsm;pGm&dSaoma=umifh tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpfowif;

Zmwfvrf;rsm;twGuf vGJacsmfr_rsm;&dSaeEkdifonf? Oyrmtm;jzifh pD;yGm;a&; (odk@) vlr_a&;tjrif
±ªaxmifhrSpOf;pm;&mwGif toHk;jyKaom &nf!$ef;udef;tcsuftvufrsm; (odk@) usifh0wfykdif;qkdif
&mtcsuftvufrsm; (odk@) ay:vpDrl0g'xkwfjyefa=ujimcsufrsm; wckESifhwck ra&maxG;oGm;&efvkd
tyfonf?
Ò owif;a&;om;&mwGif vlom;wdk@tusKd;&dS&m&dSa=umif; &_axmifhrSwifquf&ef tjrJpOf;pm;yg?
Ò tu,fI ±kd;&morm;awmfrsm;ESifh aysmufapq&mrsm;ta=umif; (odk@) xl;qef;aomukxHk;

rsm;ta=umif;wifqufonf qdkygpdk@? rnfonfhukxHk;onf a&m*gaysmufuif;ap&ef vufawG@
oufaojyEkdifjcif; &dSr&dSqdkonfhudpPrsm;twGuf wduspGmajymqdkEkdifaom ody`Hynm&Sifrsm;/ q&m0ef
rsm;xHrS rSwfcsufrsm;jzifh owif;udkbufvkdufr_r&dSyJ a&;om;&ayrnf?
Ò rnfuJhodk@aom rSm;,Gif;,Hk=unfaer_rsm;onf vlr_e,fy,ftwGif; ysH@ESH@aumif;ysH@ESH@oGm;Ekdif

onfudk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;yg? xdkodk@ rSm;,Gif;pGm,Hk=unfaer_rsm; aysmufuG,fap&ef rnfokd@rnfykH
aqmif&GufEkdifonfqdkonfudkvnf; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;oifhonf? onfhaemufoifhtaejzifh rnfonfh
t&mrsm; xyfvkyfEkdifOD;rnfvJ?
6? vdktyfaom owif;t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk od&dSaejcif;
ukdif; æ ,ck oifhtaejzifh owif;ay;ykd@wifjy&ef tqifoifhjzpf+yDqkdygpkd@? rnfonfhtcsufrS prnfvJ?

owif;axmufrsm;taejzifh olwdk@Zmwfvrf;rsm;twGif; toHk;jyKxm;aomudk;um;csufrsm; rnfr#
avmuf&dSae+yDvJqdkonfudk qef;ppf=unfh&efvdkonf? odk@aomfvnf; ,if;rSm tpykdif;om&dSao;
onf? r=umc%qdkovdkyif wlaeaomt&if;tjrpfrsm;ukd t}udrf}udrftcgtcg udk;um;avh&dS
=uonf? xdkodk@ t}udrf}udrfudk;um;jcif;a=umifh y&dowftaejzifh +iD;aiG@p&mvnf;jzpfvmEkdifonf?
xdk@tjyif rwluGJjym;aomtjrifrsm;ESifh tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpfta=umif; wifquf&mY
tuef@towfudkvnf; jzpfaponf?
aemufwqifhrSm owif;t&if;tjrpftwGuf owif;uGef,ufrsm;udk wnfaqmufjcif;jzpfonf?

xdkodk@wnfaqmuf&eftwGuf rlvowif;t&if;tjrpfwckcsif;pDodk@ aemufxyft&if;tjrpftopf
rnfoluay;Ekdifoenf;qdkonfudk ar;jref;=unfh&efvdkayonf? awG@qkHar;jref;r_vkyf+yD;wkdif; owif;
orm;taejzifh awG@qkHar;jref;cH&oltm; aemufxyfrnfolrnf0gudk ar;jref;&efvdktyfoenf;qdk

onfukd ar;wwf&efvdkonf? Todk@ar;jcif;jzifh oifhxHwGif owif;t&if;tjrpfrsm; ydkrdkwkd;yGm;
Pre-Production
vmrnfjzpf.? oifawG@qkHar;jref;oltm; Todk@ar;Ekdifygonf - ‘a'gufwm ‘at’ udk vl}uD;rif;
t=uHay;vdk@ usrvmar;w,fvdk@ajym&if vl}uD;rif;twGuf pdwftaESmifht,Sufrsm; jzpfrvm;’
[lIar;Ekdifonf?
aocsmatmifvkyf&rnfhtcsufrSm oif.owif;t&if;tjrpf vlyk*~dKvfrsm;onf olwdk@e,fy,f

todkif;t0kdif;wGif av;pm;avmufaomolrsm;/ ±dk;om;I ,Hk=unf&avmufonfhvlrsm;jzpf&ef
vdktyfonf? tu,fI xdkowif;t&if;tjrpfvlrsm;onf cdkifvHk±dk;om;jcif;r&dSygu olwdk@tm;
oifht&if;tjrpfpm&if;rS y,fxkwfoifhuy,fxkwfypf&efvdkonf?
owif;t&if;tjrpfrsm;ESifhywfoufI ta&;}uD;aomtjrif ESpf&yf&dSonf? yxrtcsufwGif=unfhyg

u tawmfrsm;rsm;aom owif;t&if;tjrpfvlyk*~dKvfrsm;onf owif;ESifhwkduf±kdufywfoufae
aomolrsm;jzpfaomfvnf; owif;rD'D,mESifhpum;ajym&ef a=umufaewwf=uonf? xdkodkjzpf&
jcif;rSm olwdk@tygt0if olwdk@.rdwfaqGoli,fcsif;rsm;onf owif;rD'D,mESifhywfoufI qdk;&Gm;
aomtawG@t=uHKrsm; &dSxm;IjzpfEkdifygonf?
Todk@aomtajctaersm;onf owif;axmufrsm;ESifh owif;t&if;tjrpfay;Ekdifol vlrsm;t=um;

&dSaewwfonfhuGm[aeaom qufqHa&;yifjzpfonf? odk@aomfvnf; owif;axmufppfppfrsm;
taejzifh xdkowif;t&if;tjrpfay;olvlyk*~dKvfrsm; ajymvmEkdif&ef nifompGmtm;ay;I xdkolwdk@.
yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_udk&&dSatmif aqmif&Gufoifhonf?
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oif. owif;t&if;tjrpfay;rnfhol vlyk*~dKvfrsm;ESifhywfoufI ±dk;om;yg/ ,Hk=unfudk;pm;avmufol
Pre-Production
jzpfygap? oif.taumif;qHk;t&if;tjrpfrSm oif.aumif;aom*k%fowif;om jzpfonfqkdjcif;ukd

rarhygESifh?
Ò tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfZmwfvrf;rsm;twGuf owif;t&if;tjrpftrsKd;tpm;rsm;
tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfudpPrsm;wGif tjriftrsKd;rsKd;&dSEkdifygonf? ra&rwGufEkdifonfh owif;

t&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; ,if;udpPESifhywfoufI&dSaeonf? atmufazmfjyyg tcsuftvufrsm;onf
vlom;qkdif&mtusKd;pD;yGm;/ vlr_usef;rma&;/ aq;ynmavmuESifh pD;yGm;a&;e,fy,fwdk@rS a,bk,s
tm;jzifh pkaqmif;&&dSvmaom owif;t&if;tjrpfrsm;jzpfonf?
Ò vlom;qkdif&mtusKd;pD;yGm;
Õ tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfESifh aexkdifaeolrsm;[kqdk&mwGif trsKd;om;vnf;jzpfEkdifovkd/

trsKd;orD;/ vl}uD;/ vli,f/ tdrfaxmif&dS/ tdrfaxmifr&dS/ vlcsrf;om/ tv,ftvwfwef;/ vlqif;&J/
awmaevlwef;pm;/ +rdKŒaevlwef;pm;/ EkdifiHa&$Œajymif;tvkyform;rsm;/ wkdif;&if;om;vlenf;pk/
wkdif;&if;om;vlrsm;pk/ tvkyform;/ ausmif;om;/ acgif;aqmifrsm;/ ynmwwfrsm;tp&dSojzifh
vlwef;pm;rsKd;pHk yg0ifaeonfhvlrsm;vnf; jzpfEkdifygonf?
Õ rdom;pkrsm;wGifvnf; tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfESifh aexkdifaeolrsm;onf ZeD;rsm;/ cifyGef;rsm;/

uav;rsm;/ rdbrsm;/ tzkd;tzGm;rsm;/ ZeD;avmif;cifyGef;avmif;rsm;/ nDtudkrsm;/ trnDrrsm;/
ta':rsm;/ OD;av;rsm;/ rDScdkolrsm;/ rdom;pkxdrf;odrf;ae&olrsm;ESifh tdrfaxmifpkacgif;aqmifolrsm;
vnf; jzpfae yg0ifaeEkdifygonf?
Õ rsufjrifoufaorsm; - owif;Zmwfvrf;udk wnfaqmuf&mwGif Ttcsufonf tvGefta&;

}uD;onf? tb,fha=umifhygenf;? xkdrsufjrifoufaorsm;taejzifh rnfonfht&mawGukdawG@
jrifcJhygoenf;? rsufjrifoufaorsm;qkd&mY a'oqkdif&m&dSaq;±kHrsm;rS aq;0efxrf;rsm;/ tdrfem;
eD;csif;rsm;/ vkyfazmfukdifzufrsm;/ yDt,fvftdwfcsftkdifAGD ac: tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdifaeolrsm;.
t&if;ESD;qHk;oli,fcsif;rsm; tp&dSojzifhvnf;jzpfEkdifayonf? rsufjrifoufaorsm;rSm vlr_tokdif;
t0kdif;wck. rnfonfhtpdwftykdif;twGif;rS jzpfonfhtay:rlwnfI atmufygvlrsm;vnf;jzpfEkdif
ayonf?
Ò vlr_a&;
Õ +rdK@/ &GmtwGif;&dS vlr_a&;t0ef;t0kdif;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;?

Pre-Production
Õ trsKd;orD;ESifh uav;oli,fqkdif&mtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;/ attkdif'DtufpfumuG,f
wkdufzsufa&;twGuf yl;aygif;aqmif&GufaeaomtzGJ@rsm;rS ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;?
Õ omreft&yfot
l &yfom;rsm;onfvnf; owif;Zmwfvrf;twGuf ta&;ygorl sm;jzpfEidk af yonf?
olwdk@onf jzpfysufcJhonfhtajctaersm;ESifh rnfokd@rnfykH ywfoufqufpyfaecJhonfqdkjcif;udk
vufawG@usus jyefajymEkdifolrsm;jzpfonf?
Ò usef;rma&;
Õ usef;rma&;vkyfief; tultnDay;olrsm;jzpfonf? Oyrm - olemjyKrsm;/ q&m0efrsm;/

pdwfynm&Sifrsm;/ aq;rª;rsm;/ aq;a&mif;olrsm;/ uGif;qif;usef;rma&;vkyfom;rsm;/ ±kd;&mwkdif;&if;
aq;ynm&Sifrsm;ponfwdk@ yg0ifonf?
Õ attkdif'DtufpfESifhpyfvsOf;I aqmif&Gufvkyfukdifaeonfh tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ uav;oli,fESifh

trsKd;orD;apmifha&Smufa&;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;wGif vlr_a&;qkdif&m wm0efxrf;aqmifaeolrsm;?
Ò aq;ESifh ody`Hynme,fy,f
Õ wuUodkvfrsm;/ aq;okawoetzGJ@tpnf;rsm;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifaeonfh okawoerª;

rsm;/ xdkuJhodk@ aq;ynme,fy,fwGif txl;u|rf;usifr_&dS+yD; avhvmaeolrsm;?
Õ aq;0g;xkwfvkyfa&;ukr`%Drsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;?
Ò pD;yGm;a&;
Õ b%frsm;/ wuUodkvfrsm;/ okawoetzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rS pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&mynm&Sifrsm;?
Õ puf±kHrsm;/ ausmif;rsm;/ pkdufysKd;a&;qkdif&mu¾rsm;/ pD;yGm;a&;}uD;i,fvkyfief;rsm; tp&dSonfwdk@

rS tvkyf&Siftvkyform;rsm;?
Ò EkdifiHa&;ESifh w&m;a&;qkdif&mtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;
Õ w&m;ol}uD;rsm;/ a&S@aersm;/ w&m;a&;qkdif&mu|rf;usifolrsm;/ w&m;Oya'xdef;odrf;apmifh

a&Smufa&;t&m&dSrsm;/ w&m;a&;qkdif&mynm&Sifrsm;? aus;&Gm/ +rdKŒ/ jynfe,f/ wkdif;ESifh EkdifiHawmf
tqifh&dSaom EkdifiHa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;?
Õ tpdk;&Xmersm;rS owif;t&if;tjrpfyk*~dKvfrsm; - +rdKŒawmfwGif;wnf&dSaom Xmersm;omru
Pre-Production
e,frsm;&Sdtpdk;&Xmersm;yg yg0ifygonf? oif okawoevkyfaeaombmom&yfESifh oufqkdifonfh

wm0ef&dSolrsm;udk &SmazG&rnf? xdktpdk;&t&m&dSrsm;xHwGif tjrJwef;vdkvdk toHk;0ifonfh owif;
tcsuftvufrsm; &dSaewwfonf? tcsKd@t&m&dSrsm;onf oifa&;om;rnfh Zmwfvrf;wnf&dS&m
t&yfa'orsm;wGif aexkdifaeolrsm;jzpfEkdifonf? olwdk@jrifawG@ae&onfh udpPrsm;twGuf oifhtm;
r#a0ajymjy&ef qEN&dSaumif;&dSEkdifonf? jzpfysufaeaomjy\emrsm;onf vlr_todkif;t0ef;udk
rnfokd@rnfykH±kdufcwfaea=umif; olwdk@tjrifrsm;udk ar;I&Ekdif/ odEkdifayrnf?
Ò a,bl,saemufcHta=umif;
Õ owif;aqmif;yg;rsm; - aq;ESifhodyH`qkdif&mtcsuftvufrsm;udk &SmazG&eftwGuf pm=unhfwkduf

rsm;onf toHk;0ifaomae&mrsm;jzpfovdk xdkowif;tcsuftvufrsm;rSwqifh aemufxyfvdktyf
aomowif;rsm;udk xyfrHIajc&maumuf&,lEkdifonf?
Õ tjcm;owif;rD'D,mrsm;rS wifjyvmonfhowif;rsm;udkvnf; avhvmqef;ppfyg? xdkowif;

rsm;onf ta&;}uD;aomowif;t&if;tjrpfrsm; jyefjzpfvmEkdifonf? xdkowif;rsm;udk trDSjyKI
oifhtaejzifh rnfolESifhawG@qkHar;jref;oifhonf/ aqG;aEG;oifhonf/ awG@oifhonf/ rnfokd@rnfykHpOf;
pm;vkyfaqmifrnfpojzifh awG;vmodvmEkdifonf?
Õ e,fcHtwGif;&Sd tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onfvnf; owif;t&if;tjrpf&Ekdifonfh

aemufxyfta=umif;&if;rsm;jzpfonf? tu,fI oifhtaejzifh rnfokd@oGm;&rnf/ rnfolESifhawG@
Pre-Production
&rnfudk pOf;pm;r&ygu/ rodygu xdke,fcHjzpfonfh tpkd;&r[kwfaomtzJG@rsm;. tultnDrsm;rS
wqifh aqmif&Guf&&SdEdkifonf?
Õ EkdifiHwumtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;?
Õukvor*~tzGJ@tpnf;rsm; - Oyrmtm;jzifh ,ltifefattkdif'DtufpftzJG@}uD;/ urBmhusef;rma&;

tzJG@}uD; tp&dSonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;?
Ò tifwmeuf
tifwmeufoHk;Ekdifolrsm;twGuf owif;Zmwfvrf;a&;om;&mwGif tzdk;rjzwfEkdifaom owif;

t&if;tjrpfrsm; aocsmayguf&&dSEkdifayonf? odk@aomfvnf; 0ufbfqkduf'frsm;ay:wGifyg&dSonfh
owif;tcsuftvufrsm; aocsmckdifvHkr_&Sdr&Sd twnfjyK&efudpPonf owif;orm;wOD;twGuf
cufcJr_wckrl &dSaeOD;rnf jzpfonf? w+ydKifwnf;wGifvnf; tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfESifhpyf
vsOf;I av;pm;zG,f&dS+yD; pepfusonfh0ufbfqkduf'frsm;vnf; &dSawmh&Sdaeygonf?
7? vdktyfaom owif;t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk&SmazGjcif;
trsKd;tpm;rwluGJjym;aom owif;t&if;tjrpfrsm;ta=umif; avhvm+yD;aomtcg owif;Zmwf

vrf;twGif; awG@&avh&dSonfh rwlnDonfhowif;t&if;tjrpfrsm;tm; aoaocsmcsmavhvmqef;
ppf=unfh&efvdkonf? owif;aumif;wyk'f[kqdk&mwGif rwlnDaomae&mrsm;rS rwlnDaomowif;
t&if;tjrpfESpfckawmh tenf;qHk;tjzpfyg&efvdkonf? Tae&mY oif.awG@qkHar;jref;csufESifh
em;axmifEkdifonfhpGrf;&nfudk ta&mifwif&awmhrnfjzpfonf? odk@aomfvnf; trsm;tm;jzifh
cGJjcrf; pdwfjzmEkdifonfhpGrf;&nf ydkrdkawmufajymif&efvkdtyfonf? pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;aomowif;
qdkonfrSm trsKd;pHkvSonfhrSwfcsufrsm;/ xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;/ rwluGJjym;aomtkyfpkrsm;.aqG;aEG;
jiif;cHkr_rsm;ESifh xnfhoGif;a&;om;xm;rSomv#if zwfItu,fpifppfaumif;rnfjzpfonf? xdk@
twGuf yxrOD;qHk;taejzifh rnfol@tm;awG@qkHar;jref;rnfvJ qdkonfhtcsufukd oifqHk;jzwf&ay
vdrfhrnf?
Ò oif.yxrOD;qHk;ajcvSrf;onf pif;vkH;acsmjzpfcsifrSjzpfrnf? vlwOD;tm; w,fvDzkef;rac:rD

}udKwifpOf;pm;xm;&efvdkonf? owif;axmuftrsm;pkonf emrnf&dS+yD;om;owif;t&if;tjrpf
rsm;xHodk@ qufoG,fzkef;ac:&ef tvkdtavsmufvkyfwwfavh&dSonf? xdkodk@qufoG,fac:,ljcif;
onf rvkyfrjzpfvkyf&rnfhtqifh/ tcsufxJYyg0ifygonf? txl;ojzifh oifhtaeESifh owfrSwf
xm;aomtcsdefwkdwcktwGif; rjzpfraet+yD;vkyf&rnfh owif;udpPrsKd; &dSaeaomtcgrsKd;wGif

xkdokd@jzpfavh&dSonf? odk@aomfvnf; tu,fI pmzwfolrsm;taejzifh olwdk@=um;zl;zwfzl;+yD;om;
Pre-Production
vlrsm;/ tkyfpkrsm;. xifjrifcsufrsm;udk xyfcgxyfcgjyefzwf&aomtcg owif;onf +iD;aiG@zG,f&m

jzpfoGm;onfudkvnf; rarhoifhygay? oif. owif;Zmwfvrf;twGuf oifhtaejzifh emrnf}uD;
&efrvdkonfhtajctaeY odyfvlodrrsm;aom yk*~dKvfwOD;udkvnf; awG@qkHar;jref;r_vkyfEkdifygonf?
odk@aomf xdkyk*~dKvfonf olvkyfukdifaeaome,fy,fwGif trSefwu,f u|rf;usifonfholawmhjzpf&
rnfrSmrkcs?
oifa&;om;aom owif;aqmif;yg;Zmwfvrf;onf tjrJvkdvkd tjrifopftawG;opfjzpfae&ef pOf;

pm;xm;&efvkdonf? ,cktcsdefY rnfonfht&mrsm;jzpfaeonf/ rnfolu Ttcsufukdaoao
csmcsmodaeoenf; ponfhar;cGef;rsm;ukdvnf; ukd,fhukdukd,far;&ayvdrhfrnf? oufqkdif&m vkyfief;
e,fy,fwGif; tu,fpifppfvkyfudkifaeolrsm;onf oifhZmwfvrf;twGuf taumif;qHk;rsufjrif
oufaorsm;tjzpfvnf; ajymif;vJoGm;Ekdifonf?
vwfqyfr_&dSaeap&ef e,fcHvlrsm;.toHrsm;udk oifhowif;aqmif;yg;Zmwfvrf;xJwGif ,loHk;yg?
Ò tb,fha=umifh xdkoltm; awG@qkHar;jref;jcif;vkyf&onfudk oifudk,fwkdifu &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;

em;vnfxm;&ef vdkygonf? ±ªaxmifhwckrScsOf;uyfI owif;Zmwfvrf;a&;om;jcif;onf aumif;
.? tb,fha=umifhqdkaomf awG@qkHar;jref;aeonfhtcdseftwGif; rvdktyfonfh aemufqufwJGtydk
qm'g;rsm;rar;rdap&ef tvdktavsmufa&SmifuGif;+yD;om; jzpfoGm;Iyif? xdk@twGuf oifhZmwfvrf;
ESifhtH0ifcGifusjzpfonfh tajzrsm;&&dSvmap&ef ydkIar#mfvifhcsuf&Sdonf/ ar#mfvifhEkdifonf? odk@
aomf tajztrsKd;pm;wckwnf;twGuf OD;wnfar;aejcif;rsKd; rjzpf&efawmh txl;owdxm;&ay
vdrfhrnf? oifawG@qkHar;jref;onfhvltaejzifh onfhxufonfhydkI pum;ajymvmatmif cGifhjyKyg/
tajctaeukday;yg? edrdwfjyar;cGef;rsm; odyfar;vGef;jcif;udka&Smif&Sm;yg? oif.owif;t&if;
tjrpf vlyk*~dKvf.tawG;rsm; vGwfvyfpGmpD;qif;Ekdif&ef vdkaoma=umifh/ ta&;}uD;aoma=umifhyif
jzpfonf?
Ò taumif;qHk;owif;t&if;tjrpfonf yxrOD;qHk; vwfvwfqwfqwfowif;rsm;udk ajymEkdif

oljzpf&rnf? ol@trnfESifh rSwfcsufrsm;udk owif;wGifxnfhoGif;&ef vdkvm;oljzpf&rnf? xkdolrsm;
onf atmufazmfjyygvltrsKd;tpm;vnf; jzpfEkdifayonf -
• jzpf&yfrsm;wGif udk,fwkdifyg0ifaeolrsm;?
• jzpf&yfrsm;wGif ukd,fwkdifcHpm;cJh&olrsm;?
• jzpf&yfrsm;udk udk,fwkdifjrifawG@cJholrsm;?
• u|rf;usifolynm&Sifr[kwfonfh vlaygif;pHkESifhvnf; ar;jref;ajymqdkI owif;tcsuftvuf
&,lyg?

Pre-Production
Ò 'kwd,tqifhowif;t&if;tjrpfrsm; - owif;aqmif;yg;Zmwfvrf;twGuf trSefwu,fvkdtyf
jcif;r&dSyJ yHkESdyfazmfjy+yD;onfhtxJrS jyefvnfaumufEkwfwifjyjcif;jzpfonf? Tokd@vkyfv#if owif;
wefzdk; enf;oGm;Ekdifonfhtajctaeawmh &Sdaeonf?
• avsmh&Jtm;enf;aom owif;t&if;tjrpfrsm;udkoHk;jcif;?
• a,bk,stm;jzifhajym&v#if TonfrSm owif;orm;.ysif;&daomvuQ%m[k qdkEkdifonf?
Òowif;a=ujimcsufrsm;ESifh owif;pm&Sif;vif;yJGrsm; - oifwOD;wnf;omr[kwf/ tm;vHk;aom

owif;rD'D,morm;twGuf Towif;pmnDvmcHrsm;onf xGufaygufwrsKd;yifjzpfonf?
• xdef;csKyf (odk@) a&G;cs,fxm;aom owif;t&if;tjrpfrsm;yg&dSaom xdef;csKyfr_&dSonfhjzpfpOfwrsKd;

jzpfonf? odk@aomf owif;tar;tajzvkyfonfhu¾&dSaoma=umifh tzkd;wefaomrSwfcsufrsm;&&dS
Ekdifonf?
• Tae&mY owdxm;&rnfhtcsufrSm oifhowif;aqmif;yg; Zmwfvrf;wpHkvHk;twGuf owif;pm
&Sif;vif;yJGrS xGuf&dSvmonfhowif;rsm;oufouftay:Yom tm;udk;Iaqmif&Gufjcif; rvkyfygESifh?
Todk@owif;vkyfjcif;onf ysif;&daom/ qdk;&Gm;aom owif;orm; vuQ%momjzpf.?
Ò oifxm;&dS&rnfhvrf;!$efrsm; - apmifhxdef;vkdufem&rnfh owif;axmufusifh0wfrsm;udk odyg?
• owif;ynmtay: oufa&mufaeonfh Oya'rsm;udk od&ef}udK;pm;xm;&rnf?
• oifawG@qHkajymqdkvdkolrsm;tm;vkH;ukd awG@qHkEkdif&eftwGuf qHk;jzwfcsufcs+yD;aomtcgwGif

oifhtay:wGifvnf; xdkolrsm;xHrS a&mifjyef[yfvmEkdifonfh udpP&yfrsm;&dSaeao;onfudk owdjyK
od&dS&rnf? awG@qkHar;jref;r_vkyfwkdif; xGufay:vmEkdifonfhjy\emrsm;udk }udKwifpOf;pm;xm;&ef
vkdonf? rdrdjrifonfh=um;onhftay:YomtajcrcHyJ tjcm;wzufY &dSaeEkdifao;onfh owif;
t&if;tjrpfESifh qufpyfaeonfhZmwfvrf;ESifh tajctaet&yf&yfudk qufvufar;jref;yg?
Ò xdkolwdk@onf tb,fha=umifh rdrdudkajymae=uoenf;? owif;aemufuG,f&dS uGif;qufrSm rnf

onfht&m rnfonfhtcsuf jzpfEkdifoenf;? ±kd;om;r_&dSyg&J@vm;? zHk;uG,fxm;onfh tjcm;aomt
csuftvufrsm;a&m &dSaeEkdifygovm; pojzifh awG;csifh&rnfjzpfonf?
• rdrdudk,fudk owif;olawmif;pm; rjzpfatmif owdxm;yg? aemufwenf;qdk&ygu tao;pdwfod

vdkonfrsm;&dSaeaoma=umifh owif;orm;onf owif;udktao&&t&Sif&& tonf;toefvdkcsif
aea=umif;udk udk,fE_wftrlt&mrsm;jzifh jyoovdkrjzpfygapESifh?

Pre-Production
Ò oifawG@qkHar;jref;onfhyk*~dKvftm; oifrnfokd@rnfykHem;vnfod&dSEkdifrnfenf;?
• udpP&yfwcktwGif; awG@qkHar;jref;csuf ay;csifvmatmif/ yg0ifvmatmif rnfokd@rnfykH aqmif

&GufEkdifrnfenf;?
• oifawG@qkHar;jref;olonf rSm;,Gif;pGmowif;ay;cHxm;&olavm? odk@r[kwfygu owif;vufcH
&&dSpOfumvtwGif;u xdkolonf owif;tay: em;vnfr_vGJrSm;onhftajctae &dScJhoavm?
• owif;t&if;tjrpfyk*~dKvfonf owif;jzpfpOftrSeftwkdif; od&dSEkdifonfhtaetxm;wGif wnf&dS
aeoljzpfygovm;?
• xdkolonf oifhudktrSeftwkdif;ajymjyaewma&m [kwfygovm;?
Ò Towif;t&if;tjrpfudk oif tb,fha=umifhoHk;&oenf;?
• owif;t&if;tjrpfyk*~dKvfonf oifhtwGuf &Sm&azG&vG,fulonfh twGufa=umifhvm;?

• tqdkygawG@qkHar;jref;csufay;olonf oifESifh tawG;tjrift,ltq wlaeonfhtay: oifzef
wD;vdkonfhowif;twGuf xdkoludk tvG,fwultoHk;jyKEkdifjcif;a=umifhavm?
• Towif;ESifhywfoufI ydkrkdtqifhjrifhol/ twGif;ususydkodolwOD;OD;ESifh oifpum;ajym&efjzpf
Ekdifrvm;?
• Tvlonf ol@tvkyftudkif ol@todkif;t0kdif;Y ajcajcjrpfjrpf&dSolwOD;a&m [kwfyg&J@vm;?
Ò xdkowif;t&if;tjrpf qHk;±ªH;&rnfudk oifpdk;&drfaeygovm;?

• owif;wifqufonfhtcg owif;tusKd;&dSr_avsmhusoGm;rnfukd pdk;&drfonfhtwGufvm;?
owif;wifqufonfhtcg twdrf;tapmif;rcHonfh taetxm;a=umifhvm;?
• Towif;tm; tjcm;owif;rsm;ESifhpmv#if ta&;ygonfhowif;taeESifh oifoHk;Ekdifrvm;?
Ò rdrdESifh owif;t&if;tjrpfvlyk*~dKvft=um; &dSonfhqufqHa&;?
• rdrdonf xdkoltay: oabmaumif;azmfazmfa&Ga&G &dSygovm;/ (odk@) cyfwef;wef;om qufqH

ovm;?
• rdrdvkyfazmfukdifzufwOD;rS xdkoltm; rdrdtpm; awG@qkHar;jref;r_vkyfay;ygu ydkaumif;rvm;?
rdrdvkdufonfh owif;rSefuefap&ef tenf;qHk;vlESpfOD;avmufESifh ajymqdk&efvdkonf? owif;t&if;

tjrpfwOD;xufydkI ar;jref;pHkprf;jcif;u owif;tcsuftvuf&&dSa&;twGuf tvGefta&;}uD;
onf? txl;ojzifh rwluGJjym;onhf omrefr[kwfaomtajctaersm;/ awG@&dScsufrsm;/ udef;*%ef;
rsm;ESifhywfoufI cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm+yD; owif;udpPudkaqmif&Guf&aomtcgrsKd;wGifjzpfonf?

Pre-Production
Ò vlwkdif;u rdrda&;om;rnfhudpPudkodae=uonf[k rnfonfhtcgr#rxifygESifh/ rawG;ygESifh?
• tu,fI oifukd,fwkdif a'ocHowif;pmwGif tvkyfvkyfaeapOD;awmh/ ae@pOfjzpfysufaeonfh

owif;rsm;udk vlwkdif;odae=uonfr[kwf? a'ocHvltawmfrsm;rsm;onf olwdk@+rdK@/ olwdk@e,f
twGif; rnfonfht&mrsm;jzpfaeonfudk rod=uyg?
• tjcm;olrsm;xHrSvnf; em;axmif&if;jzifh tcsuftvufrsm;cdkdifvHkatmif vkyf&efvdkonf?
• a&$a&mifpnf;rsOf; - tm;vHk;aomowif;rsm; ckdifvHkap&eftwGuf tjyeftvSeftm;jzifh vGwfvyf
aom owif;t&if;tjrpfESpfckudk toHk;jyKIa&;om;wifjyyg?
Ò tjyeftvSeftm;jzifh vGwfvyfjcif;[lonfh t"dy`m,frSm -
• owif;t&if;tjrpf ‘u’ onf owif;t&if;tjrpf ‘c’ xHrSwqifh od&dSwmrsKd;rjzpfap&/ (odk@)

tjyeftvSeftm;jzifh od&dSaejcif;rsKd;vnf; rjzpfap&?
• owif;t&if;tjrpf ‘u’ ESifh owif;t&if;tjrpf ‘c’ wdk@.owif;rsm;onf owif;t&if;tjrpf
‘*’ xHrS twlwl&&dSvmwmrsKd;vnf; rjzpfap&?
• vufOD;qHk;owif;t&if;tjrpfonf ESpfckom&dSa=umif; aocsmygap?
“ toa&zsufonfhpum;/ toa&zsufonhfpmrsm;ESifh
oufqkdifonfhOya'rsm; usifh0wfrsm;udkvnf; odxm;zdk‹vdkonf? owdxm;yg?
”
oif.owif;t&if;tjrpfrS&aomowif;onf cGJjcm;&efcufcJae+yD; wcsdefwnf;wGif oifhtaejzifh
vnf; tqdkygowif;udkoHk;csifonfqdkygpdk@? rnfokd@qufvufaqmif&Gufrnfqdkonfukd atmufY
azmfjyxm;ygonf?
Ò ‘Todk@jzpfyGm;cJhonf’ [k wkduf±kdufa&;om;rnfhtpm; ‘xdkodk@jzpfyGm;cJhonf[k OD; ‘u’ rS ajymqdk

onf’[k a&;yg?
Ò ‘xdkudpPudk OD; ‘u’ vkyfcJhonf’ [k ra&;yJ ‘xdkudpPudk OD; ‘u’ vkyfchJonf[k OD; ‘c’ rS ajymqdk
vkdufonf’ [k a&;om;yg?
Ò owif;t&if;tjrpfxHrS&&dSaom owif;tcsuftvufonf r&dSrjzpfvdktyfonfqdkonfudk
aocsmatmifvkyf&efvdkonf?

odk@aomfvnf; aemufwGifazmfjyxm;onfh Oyrmrsm;udk tvGeftu|HroHk;rd&ef vkdonf?
Pre-Production
‘twnfjyKIr&aom owif;rsm;t&’/ ‘[kqdkonf’ ESifh ‘ajymqdkvdkufonf’ tp&dSonfh toHk;t

E_ef;rsm;odyfrsm;aeygu oif.owif;Zmwfvrf;udk tm;enf;oGm;apvdrhfrnf? toa&zsufonfh
pum;/ toa&zsufonhfpmrsm;ESifh oufqkdifonfhOya'rsm;/ usifh0wfrsm;udkvnf; odxm;zdk@vdk
onf? owdxm;yg? ‘xdkodk@ajymqdkvkdufonf’ qdkonfhpum;vHk;onf oifhtm; w&m;pGJqdkEkdifao;
onfh pum;vHk;jzpfonfudk rarhygESifh?
rdrd. owif;t&if;tjrpfyk*~dKvfonf owif;udkay;vdkaomfvnf; ol.trnfudk razmfjy&efawmif;

qdkvmonfhtcg æ
Ò rdrdudk,fudkvnf;jyefar;yg? xdkolonf tb,fha=umifh trnfrazmfvkdoenf;?
• oif.owif;t&if;tjrpfrS Todk@awmif;qdkvmonfhtcgrsKd;wGif csufcsif;oabmrwlvkdufygESifh?

tu,fIxdkolu tb,fha=umifh owif;rSeftm;xkwfazmfvdkonfqdkonfESifh tb,fha=umifhtrnf
razmfvdka=umif; ajymqdk&Sif;jy+yD;rSom oabmwlyg?
• xdkolwdk@. yk*~dKvfa&;vHkjcHKr_tjyif tjcm;+cdrf;acsmufr_rsm; &dSaeygao;ovm;? owif;t&if;tjrpf
vlyk*~dKvf.vHkjcHKa&;ESifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;udk trSefwu,fxdckdufEkdifaoma=umifh trnfudk
rxkwfazmfvdkjcif;avm? xdkowif;t&if;tjrpfyk*~dKvfY tjcm;v#dK@0Sufxm;aom ta=umif;tcsuf
rsm; usef&dSaerae (odk@) owif;rD'D,mudk xdkolutoHk;csvdkIjyKvkyfjcif;vm; qdkonfrsm;udkaocsm
atmifpDppf&efvdkonf?
Ò oif. owif;t&if;tjrpfvltrnftm; trnfrazmfvdkoltjzpf oifuxdrf;odrf;xm;&rnf

qdkonfh qHk;jzwfcsufudk oabmwlaomtcgwGif -
• owif;vmaomae&mrS tajctaersm;tm; wwfEkdifor# tao;pdwfrSwfwrf;wifum owif;

t&if;tjrpfvlyk*~dKvfrsm;ESifh oifoabmwlnDcsuf&,lyg?
• ‘wmcsDvdwf+rdK@rS usef;rma&;vkyfom;udk,fwkdifonfvnf; tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdifaeoljzpfonf’
qdkonfhpum;pkonf ‘jrefrmjynfta&S@zufjcrf;rS tdwfcsftkdifAGD'kuQonfwOD;’ qdkonfh pum;pkxuf
ydkIaumif;onf?
• pmzwfolrsm;odomap&ef owif;t&if;tjrpfvlyk*~dKvf. aemufcHordkif;a=umif;twdkudk tjrJ
wrf;azmfjyay;&rnf?
Ò xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;ESifh tcsuftvufrsm;
• cGihfjyKcsuf&xm;aom owif;t&if;tjrpf.emrnftm; vGwfvyfpGmudk;um;Ekdifonf?

• trnfrazmfvkdonfh owif;t&if;tjrpfrsm;tm; toHk;jyKaomtcg xdktrnfrazmfvdkolonf
Pre-Production
owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ay;ydk@&ef t&nftcsif;jynfhrDSoljzpf&rnf?
• Oyrmtm;jzifh vlrsKd;a&;cGJjcm;ol vlyk*~dKvfwOD;rS tjcm;wkdif;&if;om;tkyfpkrsm;tay: ay;aom
xifjrifcsufrsm;udk toHk;jyKIr&?
• tjrJowd&Sdae&efvkdonfrSm trnfemrudk t&if&atmifawmif;yg/ +yD;rSxifjrifcsufudk&,lyg?
owif;t&if;tjrpfrsm;tm; umuG,fjcif;
Ò owif;t&if;tjrpfvlyk*~dKvfrsm;udk tumtuG,fay;jcif;onf EkdifiHwkdif;wGif w&m;0iftod

trSwfjyKxm;jcif;rl r&dS? tar&duefESifh =opaw;vsEkdifiHrsm;Y &Hzef&Hcgqdkovdk owif;axmufrsm;
onf olwdk@.owif;t&if;tjrpf vlyk*~dKvfrsm;tm; azmfxkwfjyojcif;rjyKojzifh &ufwdkcsKyfaESmifcH&
onfh om"ursm;&dSonf?
Ò tumtuG,fay;a&;onf c|if;csuftaejzifhwnf&dSaom oabmrsKd;jzpfonf? pnf;rsOf;Oya'

rlum; r[kwf?
Ò Oa&myaumifpDvl@tcGifhta&;a=unmpmwrf; The Council of Europe Convention on

Human Rights wGifvnf; tqdkygtcsufESifhywfoufI tao;pdwfazmfjyxm;jcif;r&dSay? odk@aomf
tzGJ@0ifEkdifiHrsm;twGif; owif;axmuftcGifhta&;rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I owif;axmufrsm;onf olwdk@
.owif;t&if;tjrpfrsm;tm; rnffuvmonfqdkjcif;udk xkwfazmfajym&efrvdkay? Ttcsufudk
xkda=unmpmwrf;. tykd'f (10) Y rdrdqENazmfjycsufrsm;qkdif&m vl@tcGifhta&;[laom tcef;Y
azmfjyxm;onf?
tdwfcsftkdifAGDudpPrsm;udk qufvufowif;ay;ydk@aqmif&Gufjcif;
tqdkygudpPrsm;ESifhywfoufI owif;ay;ykd@r_rsm;jyKvkyf&ef vdktyfvmaomtcg oifhtaejzifh vdktyf

aomowif;rsm; tjynfhtpHk&&dS&ef aoaocsmcsmaqmif&Guf&efvdkonf? rnfonfht&monft
a&;}uD;I rnfonfhowif;onf txufwGifazmfjycJhonhf acgif;pOfrsm;ESifhtusLH;0ifonfudk od&dS
&efvdkonf?
owif;axmufrsm;taejzifh -
Ò tifwmeufonf ,cktcsdeftcgY oifhvkyfief;cGiftwGif; owif;topfrsm; jzpfay:vm&eftwGuf

wdk;wufzGH@+zdK;&ef tvGeftoHk;0ifaom ud&d,mjzpfonf? tifwmeufrSwqifh tjzpftysufrsm;/

owif;rsm;tm; ajc&maumufjcif;/ tcsuftvuftopfrsm;jzifh rGrf;rHjcif;wkd@ jyKvkyfEkdifonf?
Pre-Production
Ò taumif;jrifawG;qcsuf &dSygap? tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpfonf a=umufp&mvef@p&m

aumif;aoma&m*g[k ajymI&Ekdifygonf? tcsKd@aomolrsm;onf tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpf
ukor_rsm;/ jzpfyGm;r_rsm;tm; ±kd;±kd;om;om;wifjyajymqdkjcif; rvkyfonfudkawG@ae&onf? xdkuJhodk@
aom owif;Zmwfvrf;tajctaersKd;ESifh =uHKawG@&ygu vGwfvyfaom/ oduQm&dSaom 'kwd,xif
jrif,lqcsufudk &SmazGzdk@vdkonf (atmufwGif=unhfyg)?
Ò Zmwfvrf;rsm;twGuf trsKd;tpm;aygif;pHkyg0ifonfh owif;t&if;tjrpfrsm;&&dSa&; pOf;pm;

&efvdkonf? xdktxJwGif okawoe&v'frsm;udk pmtkyfxkwfa0jcif;/ okawoea=ujimcsufrsm;
tp&dSojzifh yg0ifonf? Oyrm - ukxkH;topf (odk@) aq;0g;ukoyHkjzpfpOfrsm;/ tpD&ifcHpmrsm;/ vlxk
t=um;ul;pufysH@ESH@jcif;udk apmifh=unfhavhvmjcif;/ w&m;0ifxkwfjyefaom ody`Henf;ynmqkdif&m
ay:vpDrl0g'rsm;ESifh udpP&yfrsm;yg0ifonf?
oifhudk,foif
tjrJ jyefar;ae
&rnfhar;cGef;r
xdkxdkaomow Sm
if;Zmwfvrf;rsm
r&dSrjz ;xJwGif
pfvdktyfaom
tb,ft&me owif;wefzdk;r
nf; Sm
qdkaomar;cGe
f;yifjzpf.?
Ò wckodxm;&efvdkonfrSm ody`Hynm&Sifrsm;. wifjycsuftjrifrsm;tm; pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;

aom owif;Zmwfvrf;rsm;tjzpfodk@ zefwD;Ekdifjcif;yifjzpfonf? owif;ay;ykd@csufrsm;tjzpfvnf;
ajymif;vJzefwD;I&onf? xdkjzpfpOfokawoejyKcsufrsm;onf vlom;qefaom±ªaxmifhtjrifrsm;
udk xif[yfaponf? q&m0efrsm;/ olemjyKrsm;/ ynm&Sifrsm;/ tvkyform;rsm;/ tdwfcsftkdifAGD§at
tkdif'DtufpfESifhaexdkifaeolrsm;/ okawoDrsm;/ aqGrsKd;rsm;/ rdwfaqGoli,fcsif;rsm; tp&dSolwdk@
ta=umif;wifqufxm;onfh owif;Zmwfvrf;rsm;zefwD;&ef oifhtaejzifh pOf;pm;=unhfEkdifygonf?
owif;zefwD;&rnfhvlpm&if;u rsm;vkdufwm[k qdkaumif;qdkayrnf? odk@aomf oifhudk,foiftjrJ
jyefar;ae&rnfhar;cGef;rSm xdkxdkaom owif;Zmwfvrf;rsm;xJwGif r&dSrjzpfvdktyfaom owif;
wefzdk;rSm tb,ft&menf; qdkaomar;cGef;yifjzpf.?
Ò rar#mfvifhxm;aom owif;Zmwfvrf;aumif;rsm;&Ekdif&ef tjrJtoifh&dSyg? tdwfcsftkdifAGD§at

tkdif'DtufpfudpP&yfrsm;twGuf pHkprf;ppfaq;a&;vkyfolrsm;/ aqG;aEG;0kdif;ESifh tpnf;a0;rsm;Yajym
Pre-Production
=um;onfhtawG@t=uHKrsm;onfvnf; owif;Zmwfvrf;a&;&ef pdwf0ifpm;zG,f&mrsm;jzpfonf?
tawG@t=uHKrsm;aom owif;axmufrsm;taejzifhrl yHkrSeftpnf;ta0;rsm;/ aqG;aEG;cef;rsm;rS
pdwf0ifpm;zG,f Zmwfvrf;aumif;&&efrSm &Sm;yg;a=umif; odxm;+yD;jzpf.? rar#mfvifhyJ Zmwfvrf;
aumif;rsm;&&dS&efrSm wkduf±kdufr[kwfaom tjcm;tjcm;aomudpPrsm; ajym=uaqG;aEG;=u&if;rS
ydkI&&dSEkdifonf? xdkodk@aom Zmwfvrf;aumif;rsm;udk vdktyfonfhjznfhpGufr_rsm; xyfrHjyKvkdufjcif;
tm;jzifh ydkItm;aumif;aom pdwf0ifpm;zG,f&m Zmwfvrf;rsm;jzpfvm=uonf?
ody`Hynm&Sifrsm;/ AsL&dku&ufrsm;/ q&m0efrsm;/ okawoevkyfolrsm;/ tpkd;&r[kwfaomtzJG@

tpnf;rsm; tp&dSolwdk@ESifh qufqHa&;w&yf wnfaqmuf&efvdkonf? oifhtaejzifh xkdolrsm;xHodk@
pwifI rdwfqufvnfywfjcif;rsdK;jzifh tpysKd;oifhayonf? owif;Zmwfvrf;aumif; csufcsif;&&dS
&eftwGuf jyKvkyfp&mrvdkyg? odk@aomf olwdk@vkyfief;rsm;tay: rdrdzufrSvnf; pdwf0ifpm;r_&dSa=umif;
jyojcif;jzifh tem*wfwGif olwdk@.okawoejyKcsufrsm;tm; owif;aqmif;yg;Zmwfvrf;rsm;
tjzpf jyefvnfzefwD;Edkdifayvdrfhrnf? aemufykdif;wGifvnf; xyfrHoGm;a&mufvnfywfjcif;/ w,fvD
zkef;qufI tjrJqufoG,fr_jyKjcif; tp&dSonfwdk@udk Zmwfvrf;&SmazG&eftwGuf aqmif&Guf&rnf?
xdkolwdk@rtm;vyfonfhtcg tjcm;okawoevkyfolrsm;ESifhyg wqifhqufoG,fay;&efudkvnf;
rdrdzufrS arwWm&yfcHEkdifonf?
±kyfjrifoH=um;owif;twGuf
±kyfjrifoH=um; owif;orm;taeESifhvnf; txufwGifazmfjyxm;cJh+yD;jzpfonfh avhvmvkyfaqmif

&rnfhu¾rsm; oabmobm0twkdif; vkdufemaqmif&Gufavhusifh&efyifjzpfonf? oifhtaejzifh
ykHr&Sdygu tvkyfrjzpfEkdifawmh[k rxifygESifh/ rawG;ygESifh? t&ifqkH; Zmwfvrf;tusOf;a&;om;I
}udKwifjyifqif+yD;rS ykHukdaemufrS&atmif &SmazGjcif;vnf; vkyfEkdifygonf? oifvdktyfonfhjrifuGif;
rsm;/ owif;rsm;&&dS&eftwGuf oif.uifr&morm;udk vdktyfoavmuf tcsdeftvHkavmufay;&ef
ta&;}uD;onf? uifr&morm;taejzifh tcsdeftvHktavmufr&ygu oifhtaejzifh aumif;rGefonfh
±kyfoHowif;Zmwfvrf;wyk'f &vdrfhrnfr[kwf? vufawG@tvkyfrvkyfcif rdrdxkwfvkyfr_twGuf
}udKwifjyifqifjcif;onf oifzefwD;rnfhZmwfvrf;twGuf r&dSrjzpfvdktyfonf? xdk@twGufoif
zefwD;vdkaom owif;Zmwfvrf;twGuf/ oif&ifqkdif&rnfhpdefac:r_rsm;twGufvnf; }udKwifpOf;
pm;xm;&efvdkonf?
owif;Zmwfvrf;tusOf;a&;om;jcif;
vufawG@uGif;qif; aqmif&Gufjcif;rjyKrDS Zmwfvrf;twkdt&SnfESifh vdktyfcsufrsm;tm; oif.

t,f'DwmESifh wkdifyifESD;aESmzdk@vdkonf? xdkolwdk@.cGifhjyKcsufvnf; vdktyfonf? oifzefwD;vdkonfh

Zmwfvrf;twGuf ESpfrsufESmpmwifjycsufudk oifvkyfvdkonfhtwkdif; twdtusa&;om;wifoGif;
Pre-Production
&efvdkonf? Tvkyfief;pOfudk ypPnf;wcka&mif;csonfhtvkyfwckuJhodk@ oifhpdwfwGifrSwf,lI vkyf

ukdifyg? nhHzsif;aom owif;Zmwfvrf;tusOf;rsm;onf vlwkdif;twGuf tcsdefukefapojzifh oifht
aeESifh aumif;rGefonfhtvkyfwckvkyfaea=umif; rdrdudk,fudkaocsmygap?
tu,fIoifonf yHkESdyfavmurS owif;axmufwa,mufjzpfygu oifjznhfpGufvdkonfhtcsuf

rsm;/ tajctaersm;twGuf oifhwGifae&mrsm;rsm; ydk&&dSEkdifonf? ±kyfoHowif;Zmwfvrf;xuf
ydkrdk&Snfvsm;+yD;jynhfpHkonfh Zmwfvrf;wckudk zefwD;Ekdifonf? oift}udKufESpfoufqHk;aompdwful;/
acgif;pOfrsm;udka&G;cs,fI csa&;om;xm;zdk@vdkonf? xdktxJurS OD;pm;ay;&rnfhacgif;pOfonf
tb,fha=umifhydkI pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;a=umif; owif;wefzdk;&dSa=umif; jyqdkIa&G;cs,f&rnf?
aumif;rGefonfh owif;Zmwfvrf;rsm;onf tm;aumif;onfhpl;pkdufr_wck &dSavh&dSonf? r#wonf?

owif;tcsuftvufjynfhpHkonf? aemufcHZmwfvrf;vnf; tm;aumif;avh&dSonf? xdkodk@aumif;
rGefrSom oif.pmzwfy&dowftwGuf ±ªyfaxG;r_r&SdyJ &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;jzpfayrnf?
oifholi,fcsif;wa,muftm; ajymaeovdkrsKd;jzifh owif;Zmwfvrf;wckvkH;udk csa&;yg? vdktyfaom

owif;rsm;rSmrl xdktxJwGif tm;vkH;ygae&ayrnf? oifajymvdkonfrsm;udk tajymcH&olu pdwf0if
pm;r_tjynhfjzifh odzdk@vdkonf? xdkodk@csOf;uyfjcif;jzifh oif.t,f'DwmESifh pmzwfy&dowf.pdwf0if
pm;r_udk oif&&dSEkdifayvdrfhrnf?
a&'D,dkESifh wDADGowif;orm;rsm;taejzihf acgif;pOftwdkrsm;udktoHk;jyKI pwif&rnf? acgif;pOfonf

0gusESpfa=umif;xufrydkapyJ uspfvpfwdusae&rnf? Zwfvrf;rnfodk@yif&Snfaeapumrl oifhtae
jzifh &Sif;vif;wdkawmif;aom acgif;pOfzefwD;r_jzifh y&dwfowfudk&Sif;jyEkdifonf? acgif;pOfudk=unhfvkduf
onfESifh rnfonfhta=umif;ajymaeonfjzpfa=umif; odaeap&rnf?
oif. acgif;pOftwdkowfrSwfjcif;udpP +yD;aomtcgY owif;Zmwfvrf;wckvHk;. rl=urf; outline

tm; a&;om;&efvdkonf? xdkrl=urf;onf wrsufESmcef@&dSoifhI owif;Zmwfvrf;wGif;yg&dSrnfh
tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm; yg0ifae&rnf? 'kwd,pmrsufESmwGif oif±dkuful;rnfhZmwfvrf;.
tpDtpOfZmwfuGufrsm;ESifhqkdifaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm; yg0ifae&rnf? onfhaemuf rdrdwdk@
tb,ft&mtm; twdtusjrifawG@&rnfenf;? oiftoHk;jyKonfh awG@qkHar;jref;xm;ol.trnf
ESifh w,fvDzkef;eHygwf/ tdrfvdyfpmpojzifh qufoG,f&efvdyfpmrsm; yg0ifzdk@vdkonf? txufYazmfjy
cJhonfhtcsufrsm;rSm oifZmwfvrf;tusOf;a&;om;&ef t=uHjyKcsufrsm;yifjzpfonf?

edAŠmefbkHrS owif;axmufrsm;ESifh i&JbkHrS owif;axmufrsm;
Pre-Production
tdEdN,EkdifiH ta&S›ajrmufa'o&Sd &SJvfavmifY usif;yjyKvkyfcJhaom tvkyf±kHaqG;aEG;yJGwckY tdwfcsf
tkdifAGDESifhaexkdifaeolrsm;u olwkd@ukd,fY owif;axmufrsm;ESifhawG@qkH&pOf aumif;rGefajyjypfonfh
tjyKtrlrsm;&Sdovkd odyfodrfarG@ajyjypfr_r&Sdonfhtcgrsm; &Sdonfukd azmfxkwfjyocJh=uonf?
edAŠmefbkHrSowif;axmufrsm;
• awG@qkHar;jref;jcif;rjyKcif t&if}udKwifnd‡E_dif;avh&Sd+yD; aemufqkH;tcsdefukefcgeD;rS x˜vkyfwwf

olrsm; r[kwfay? olwkd@.csOf;uyfykHrSmvnf; av;pm;r_tjynfh&Sdovkd cifrif&if;ESD;r_vnf;&Sdonf?
awG@qkHar;jref;r_ay;olukdvnf; zdtm;wGef;tm;ay;jcif; rjyK/ okd@aomf tb,fha=umifhawG@qkHar;jref;
csifonfukdrl &Sif;vif;jy&rnfjzpfovkd TawG@qkHar;jref;cef;a=umifh tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdifolrsm;
.ta&;udpPtm; vltrsm;ykdrkdodjrifem;vnfvmatmif rnfokd@taxmuftuljzpfEkdfifonfukdrl
&Sif;jyolrsm;jzpfonf?
•csdef;qkdxm;onfh tcsdeftwkdif; tcsdefESifha&muf=uonf? aemufusrnfqkdygu zkef;quf&Sif;jy

ovkd awmif;yefwwf=uolrsm;jzpfonf?
• awG@qkHar;jref;cef;ukdvnf; a&mufa&mufcsif; csufcsif;rp˜=uay? ,kH=unfr_w&yfwnfaqmuf

Ekdif&ef tcsdef,lvkyfukdifavh&Sdovkd awG@qkHar;jref;cef;ukd vkdvkdcsifcsifoabmwljcif;/ pdwftaESmifh
t,Sufr&SdyJay;jcif;ukd aocsmatmif/ usdef;aoatmifvkyf=uolrsm; jzpfonf? rkdbdkif;vfzkef;rsm;
ydwfxm;&efvkdyguvnf; (±kH;wGif;§tdrfwGif; awG@qkHar;jref;aepOf taESmifht,SufjzpfEkdifonfqkdyg
u) wav;wpm;ESifh taESmifht,SufrjyKa&; yef=um;olrsm;vnf;jzpfonf?
• awG@qkHar;jref;cef;rp˜cif ajymoifhonfrSm æ “tukd§tr&J@tawG@t=uHKukd usrukdajymjyzkd@

oabmwlwJhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifygw,f/ usrar;wJhar;cGef;awGxJrSm ukd,fa&;ukd,fwmukd odyf+yD;
Ed_ufEd_ufc|wfc|wfar;ovkdjzpfoGm;&if rajzyJaevkd@&ygw,f? tm;remygeJ@? awG@qkHar;jref;cef;ukd
&yfcsifw,fqkd&ifvnf; tcsdefra&G; usrukdajymyg” [lIyifjzpfonf?
• awG@qkHar;jref;cef;rpcif tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdifaeolrsm;ukd ar;jref;cef;twGuf tcsdefb,f

avmuf=um=um ay;Ekdifrnfqkdonfukd ar;olrsm;vnf;jzpfonf?
• awG@qkHar;jref;aepOf &if;ESD;azmfa&GaomtoHESifh pdwf0ifpm;r_&Sdygonf[laom t"dy`m,fxGufonfh

ukd,f[eftrlt&mukd owif;axmufrsm;rS jyoifhtokH;jyKoifhonf? tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdifaeol.
trnfemrukdvnf; av;pm;pGmac:qkdoifhonf? ar;cGef;rsm;ukdvnf; &Sif;vif;pGm/ jznf;n‡if;pGm/

±kd;&Sif;pGmar;oifhonf? tqkH;pGefY tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdifaeolu a&S›aemufrnDaomtajzukd
Pre-Production
ajzvmonfhtcgwGifvnf;aumif;/ ar;onfhar;cGef;ukd rajzEkdifonfhtcgwGifvnf;aumif; ±kdif;pkdif;

pGm/ =urf;wrf;pGm jyefvnfrqufqHoifhay?
•awG@qkHar;jref;cef;vkyfonfhae&mrSm ±kyfjrifoH=um; (odk@) a&'D,kdtoHv$ifh±kHwkd@Y vkyfonfqkdygu

tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdifoltm; oufawmifhoufom&Sda=umif; aocsmatmifvkyf+yD;/ a& (odk@)
azsmf&nftat;jzpfjzpf okH;aqmif&efay;xm;oifhonf?
• awG@qkHar;jref;cef;tqkH;rowfcif owif;axmufrsm;taejzifh tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdifaeoltm;

xyfrHjznfhpGufvkdonfrsm; &Sdr&Sd (okd@) xyfrH&Sif;vif;csuf ay;vkdonfrsm;&Sdr&Sdukd aoaocsmcsm
ar;oifhonf?
• ar;jref;r_+yD;IrcJGcGmcif tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdifaeoltm; zkef;eHygwfay;I olwkd@taejzifh ar;csif

onfrsm;&Sdygu (okd@) xyfrHjznfhpGufvkdonfrsm;&Sdygu tqkdygzkef;eHygwfukd qufoG,fvm&ef ajym
&rnf?
• tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdifaeolrS wul;wutcsdefay; ajz=um;ay;onfhtwGuf/ olwkd@.tawG@

t=uHKtm; vma&mufzvS,fay;onfhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifa=umif;ajymyg? wcsdefwnf;Yvnf;
owif;axmufrsm;taejzifh Towif;aqmif;yg; rnfonfhtcgYa&;om;azmfjyrnf (okd@) rnfonfh
tcsdefY toHv$ifhrnfqkdonfukd today;oifhonf?
• tu,fI owif;axmufrS uwdu0wfjyKygu (txl;ojzifh tpDtpOftm; wdwfacGul;I ykd@

ay;rnf[k uwday;onfqkdygu (odk@) awG@qkHar;jref;cef;ygonfhpmrsufESmtm; rdwWLul;ykd@ay;rnf[k
uwday;onfqkdygu) tqkdyg uwdu0wfukd usdef;aoaygufaus¹yGefoihfonf?
i&JbkHrSowif;axmufrsm;
• p˜ar;uwnf;u ±kdif;±kdif;pkdif;pkdif;ESifhpovkd av;pm;r_vnf;r&Sdonfh owif;axmufonf i&JbkHrS

owif;axmufESifhum; rjcm;? tcsdefaumif;YawG@qkHar;jref;&efvnf; cGifhawmif;jcif;r&Sd/ ,ckcsuf
csif;yif ay;&efawmif;qkdwwfonf? Tokd@aomowif;axmufrsKd;onf tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdifae
olrSm owif;axmufar;or# tukefvkyf/ tukefoabmwlay;&rnfh wm0ef&Sdonf[k ,kH=unfjyK
rljcif;yif?
• awG@qkHar;jref;&eftwGuf aemufusrSa&mufovkd vltrsm;ukdvnf; aoaocsmcsmE_wfcGef;quf

jcif;r&Sd/ a&mufa&mufcsif;yif rSwfpkpmtkyf (okd@) rkdufu±kdzkef; (okd@) uifr&mukdxkwfI csufcsif;vuf

Pre-Production
iif;ar;jref;jcif;ukd &Sif;vif;jyjcif;vnf; r&Sd/ }udKwifnd‡E_dif;jcif;vnf; r&Sd vkyfjcif;yif?
• pmemem;vnfr_jyjcif; tvsOf;r&Sdonfhtjyif tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdifaeoltm; vlwa,muft

jzpfyif qufqHvkdpdwfr&Sd?
• ukd,fa&;ukd,fwmqefvGef;onfh ar;cGef;rsm;ukdar;onfhtjyif apmfapmfum;um;tjyif &ifhoD;

±kdif;pkdif;pGmvnf; ar;wwfjcif;yif?
tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdifaeoltm; ar;jref;&mY ukd,fa&;ukd,fwmqefvGef;onfh

rar;oifhonfh ar;cGef;rsm;
Ô Akdif;&yfpfykd; b,fvkd&cJhwmvJ?
Ô &SifhZeD;§cifyGef;onf§uav;a&m ul;pufcHxm;&+yDvm;?
Ô vufxyfzkd@tdrfaxmifjyKzkd@ tpDtpOf&Sdvm;?
Ô &Sif b,fESpfa,mufavmufukd ul;pufatmifvkyf+yD;oGm;+yDvJ?
Ô uGef'kH;okH;&J@vm;?
Ô wjcm; &SifeJ@ywfoufqufEG,faewJhvlawGu b,folawGvJ? olwkd@eHrnfawGa&m?
Ô &Sifb,frSmaevJ/ b,frSmtvkyfvkyfvJ?

Pre-Production
Sd&ef
tjrJowd&
vlwkdif;vlwkdif;Y
ukd,fa&;ukd,fwm v#Kd‹0Sufxm;ykdifcGifhESifh
oD;oef‹wnf&SdykdifcGifh &Sd=uonf?
txl;ojzifh uav;oli,frsm;.tcGifhta&;rSm
Oya'a=umif;rsm;t&yif
tumtuG,fay;xm;aom
tcGifhta&;rsm;jzpf=uonf

tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfESifhaexkdifaeolrsm;tm; awG‹qHkar;jref;jcif;
Production
tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpfonf owif;pmq&mrsm;tm; pdefac:r_rsm;pGm ay;aeayonf?
jzpfEdkifzG,f&Sdaom t}uD;qHk;pdefac:r_rSm tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpf&Sdolrsm;/ okd@r[kwf tdwfcsf
tkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpf±kdufcwfr_tm; cHae&olrsm;tm; awG@qHkar;jref;&mrSm/ tvGwfoabmajym
qdk&mrSm/ "mwfyHkrsm;udpPESifh owif;udpPrsm;Y rnfokd@rnfykHukdifwG,f qufqH&rnfenf;qdkonfh
tcsufyif? vltrsm;. yk*~vdutcGihfta&;udk umuG,fay;jcif;/ v#Kd@0Sufowif;tcsuftvufrsm;
a&;om;jcif;tm;a&Smif&Sm;jcif;/ tjypfwifjcif;ESihf orm;±dk;us owfrSwfcsufrsm; wnfwHhapjcif;wdk@
udk a&Smif&Sm;jcif;ESifh olwkd@tm; ‘om;aumif’ ozG,fajymqdk oabmxm;jcif;rsm;udk a&Smif&Sm;jcif;
wdk@onf usifh0wfESifhnDaom/ w&m;r#w+yD; tjyKoabmaqmifaom tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpf
ta=umif; a&;om;azmfjycsufrsm;twGuf r&Sdrjzpf vkdtyfayonf?
cufcJaom ta=umif;t&mwcktm;udkifwG,f&ol rnfol@twGufrqdk yxrqHk;ajcvSrf;rSm Tt

a=umif;t&mESifhywfouf+yD; rdrd.cHpm;r_rsm;/ a=umuf&GH@r_rsm;/ xdcdkufvG,fr_rsm;ESifh bufvdkufr_
rsm;udk qef;ppf&efyif? Ttcsufonf olwdk@. yk*~vducHpm;csufrsm;ESifh ,Hk=unfr_rsm;u olwdk@.
owif;tay:csOf;uyfyHkESifh a&;om;r_tay: jyif;jyif;xefxef tusKd;oufa&mufaeEkdifaoma=umifh
owif;pmq&mrsm;twGuf ta&;}uD;ygonf?
tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfESifh aexkdifaeolwa,muftm; awG@qHkar;jref;onfhtcg ol.vdk

tyfcsufrsm;ESifh tjrifrsm;tm; pmemem;vnfay;Ekdif&ef ta&;}uD;ayonf? awG@qHkar;jref;&ef
ar;cGef;rsm;udkjyifqifxm;+yD; Tar;cGef;rsm;u oifhavsmfr_&Sd/r&Sdudk a'ocHtdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'D
tufpfudpP 0efaqmifr_ay;aeaomtzGJ@rsm;udk rSwfcsufay;ckdif;jcif;jzifh taxmuftuljzpfygvdrfhrnf?
awG@qHkar;jref;r_rjyKcif/ okd@r[kwf awG@qHkar;jref;&efoabmrwlcif owif;t&if;tjrpfESifhtwl
ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;=unfhyguvnf; taxmuftuljzpfEkdifygonf?
“v#Kd@0Sufr_tm; tjrJwrf;av;pm;&rnf? txl;ojzifh oif.owif;t&if;tjrpfrSm tdwfcsftkdifAGD

§attkdif'DtufpfESifh aexdkifol/ okd@r[kwf tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpf.±kdufcwfr_udk teD;uyf
cHpm;&oljzpfv#if”atmufYazmfjyxm;onfh tcsufrsm;onf awG@qHkar;jref;cH&olrsm;ESifh rnfokd@
rnfykHqufqH&eftwGuf vrf;!$efay;xm;csufrsm;yif jzpfonf?
Ò awG@qHkar;jref;cH&olrsm;taeESihf olwdk@rnfolrnf0gjzpfonfqdkjcif;udk azmfxkwfjcif;jzifh jzpfvm

EdkifzG,f&Sdaom tusKd;qufrsm;udk aoaocsmcsmodygap? yDt,fvftdwfcsftkdifAGD ac: tdwfcsftkdifAGD
ESifhaexkdifaeol (HIV ESifhaexkdifol) wkdif;onf olwkd@.v#Kd@0SufydkifcGihfudk rod=uygay? trsm;pku
owif;axmufar;aom ar;cGef;wkdif;udk ajzzdk@wm0ef&Sdonf[kyif xif=uonf? ajz=um;ay;rnfh
olonf t&SufcGJjcif;/ cGJjcm;qufqHjcif;wdk@ESifh us,fus,fjyef@jyef@ tjrpfwG,faeaomt&yfYaeae

&olqkdygu aoaocsmcsmem;vnf+yD;rSajzay;&ef oabmwlwmrsKd;jzpf&ef txl;ta&;}uD;onf?
Production
olwkd@rnfolrnf0grsm;jzpfonf/ olwdk@.tdwfcsftkdifAGD&Sdaeonfh taetxm;udk vlod&Sif=um;azmf

xkwf+yD;onfhaemuf vl@todkif;t0dkif;rS=uOfxkwfcH&/ tESdyfpufcH&+yD; towfcH&onfhtxd jzpfyGm;
cJhaomtjzpftysufrsm; wurBmvHk;YysH@ESH@aeavonf? tmz&durSjzpf&yfwckrSm trsKd;orD;wOD;u
ol@YtdwfcsftkdifAGD&Sda=umif; owif;axmufwa,muftm; ajymvkduft+yD;/ olrta=umif;aqmif;yg;
ay:xGufvm+yD;aemuf ol@&Gmu &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;u ol@tm;ausmufwHk;rsm;ESifh xkowfypfvdkuf=u
onfhom"u&Sdonf?
tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpfta=umif; aumif;aumif;od+yD; owif;tcsuftvufrsm;tjynfh

tpHk&aeaom vl@tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;twGif;rSmyif t&SufcGJjcif;ESifh ESdrfcsqufqHjcif;rsm;onf ydkrkdodrfarG@
aomyHko¾efrsm;ESifh &SdaeqJyif? Oyrmtm;jzihf - tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpf wm;qD;um
uG,fa&;v_yf&Sm;r_Y wufºuGpGmyg0ifae=uaom tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifh aexkdifaeoltrsm;tjym;onf
olwkd@rnfolrnf0gjzpf=uonfukd razmfxkwfyJajzay;&onfudk ydkIESpfouf=uonf? r=umc%jzpf
wwfonfrSm olwkd@tajctaea=umifh tvkyftukdifudk xdcdkufoGm;Edkif onfhtwGuf rdom;pkESifh&if;ESD;
aomrdwfaqGrsm;rSvGJI olwdk@.tdwfcsftkdifAGDtajctaetm; vlod&Sif=um; rjyKxm;ay?
; wdusaocsmap&efrSm
m;vHk;toHk;tE+ef;rsm
Hk;onfh pu
o wif;rsm;wGifo nf?
v G e f t a & ; }uD;ygo
t
ÒawG@qHkar;jref;cH&rnfholtm; aoaocsmcsm&Sif;jy+yD; awG@qHkar;jref;cef;twGuf olwdk@jyifqifEkdif

atmifvkyfyg?
Ò owif;axmufESihf pum;ajym&rnfukd a=umufonfhtvm;tvm&Sdaom awG@qHkar;jref;cH&rnfh

oltm; attkdif'Dtufpfta&; vkyfukdifay;aeonfhtzGJ@uJhokd@ pdwfcs&aom=um;cHrSwqifh csOf;uyf
Ekdifonf? owif;axmuftaejzifh ajymrnfholudk pmempdwfjzifhjyKrlqufqHatmif =um;cHuulnD
ay;Ekdifovkd ar;jref;cH&rnfholtm; rw&m;ar;cGef;rsm;ar;jcif;rSvnf; tumtuG,fay;Edkifonf?
Ò tjypfwifjcif;ESifh orm;±dk;usyHkpHrsm;udk a&Smif&Sm;yg?
Òpum;vHk;toHk;tE_ef;rsm; tokH;rjyKcif pOf;pm;yg? pum;vHk;toHk;tE_ef;rsm;rS pmzwfolrsm;

tay: jyif;xefaomoufa&mufr_jzpfEkdifayonf? tqHk;tjzwfay;jcif;rsKd;rjzpfatmif/ zefw&maw

aeaom toHk;tE_ef;rsm;ESifh jynfhESufraeatmif/ r#watmif/ rSefuefatmif *±kpdkufyg? ody`Hynm
Production
qkdif&mwdk;wufr_rsm;ta=umif; ajymqkdaejcif;jzpfygu a0g[m&rsm;udk y&dowfrsm;tvG,fwul
em;vnfapEkdifrnfh pdwful;rsm;ESihf toHk;tE_ef;rsm;tjzpfodk@ajymif;vJay;yg? owif;rsm;wGifoHk;
onfh pum;vHk;toHk;tE_ef;rsm; wdusaocsmap&efrSm tvGefta&;}uD;ygonf? wu,fhjzpf&yfrSef
b0Zmwfa=umif;ESifh tawG@t=uHKrsm;udk toHk;jyKjcif;onf oif.owif;udk ykd+yD;em;vnfvG,f
apygonf? owif;wyk'ftwGif; ‘vlom;±kyfyHkv$m’ xnfhjcif;tm;jzifh +iD;aiG@p&maumif;+yD; udef;
*%ef;rsm;/ tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh ajcmufaoG@aeEkdifonfh ta=umif;t&mwckudk ykdIpdwf0ifpm;p&m
aumif;aom zwfp&mwcktjzpf ajymif;vJypfEkdifygonf? owif;pmynmaumif;t& owif;pm
q&mrsm;onf tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpfqdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;udk em;vnf&rnfjzpf+yD;
Ttcsuftvufrsm;udk y&dowfrsm;xH olwdk@em;vnfEkdifrnfhenf;vrf;rsm;ESifh a&;om;wifquf
ay;ykd@ay;&rnfjzpfonf?
awGqHkar;jref;jcif;qkdif&m taxGaxGt=uHjyKcsufrsm;
Ò awG@qHkar;jref;jcif;rjyKrD wwfEdkifor# rsm;rsm;jyifqifyg? ta=umif;t&mudk okawoevkyfaepOf

ay:vmor#ar;cGef;rsm;udk csa&;yg? t+yD;owfrSm ar;cGef;rsm;udkwcsufjyef=unhf+yD; awG@qHkar;jref;pOf
ta=umif;t&mwckrSwckodk@ acsmacsmarG@arG@ul;ajymif;Ekdifatmif ar;cGef;rsm;udktkyfpkcGJjcif; tpOf
vdkufwGJxm;jcif;wdk@udk jyKvkyfyg?
Ò udk,fhawG@qHkar;jref;cef;u tm±kHpl;pkdufrnfhta=umif;t&mudk qHk;jzwfyg? udk,frnfokd@aomo

wif;tcsuftvufrsKd; vdkcsifonfudkodyg?
Ò ar;cGef;ar;&mY rnfonfhAsL[mrsKd; oHk;rnfqdkonfudk a&G;cs,fyg? tuJqwfaom/ okd@r[kwf

cufcJaom ta=umif;t&mrsm;udkrajymcif ,Hk=unfr_ESifh &if;ESD;r_wnfaqmuf&ef vdkaeovm;?
rnfokd@rnfykH vkyfEkdifoenf;qkdonfrsm;ukd awG;,lyg?
Ò toHzrf;ud&d,m/ rSwfpkpmtkyfESifh abmvfyifwdk@ tqifoihfjzpfygap?
Ò tcsdefwdusyg?
Ò awG@qHkar;jref;&mrSm yGihfvif;r_&Sdvmatmif tjyKoabmaqmifaom udk,ftrlt&mudkoHk;yg?
ÒawG@qHkar;jref;cH&ol.
cE<mudk,ftrlt&mudka&mifjyef[yfyg? Tvkyfaqmifr_onf ±dk;&Sif;aomf
vnf;xda&mufr_&Sdygonf? ol.cE<mukd,ftrlt&m/v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;udk a&mifjyef[yfjcif;tm;jzifh w
zufom;taeESifh vsifjrefpGmoufawmifhoufomjzpf+yD; udk,fhudkcifrifp&m/ ,Hk=unfpdwfcsp&mt

jzpf awG;jrifvmygvdrfhrnf? tb,fha=umifhygvJ? ta=umif;rSm oihfjyKvkyfvkdufaom olESifhtvm;
Production
wlcE<mudk,ftrlt&mu oifwdk@ESpfOD;pvHk;onf twlwlbJ[lonfhtcsufukd oifujyovkdjzpfap

onfhtjyif pdwfcHpm;csufukdvnf;jzpfaponf?
Oyrmtm;jzihf xdkyk*~KdvfrS aemufudkrSDvkdufjcif;/ okd@r[kwf a&S@udkukef;vdkufjcif;jyKygu tvm;wl

vkdufvkyfyg? olutm;wufoa&mESifh toHjr‡ifhajymygu udk,fuvnf; ol@toHrsKd;ESifh jyefajym
=unfhyg? Tokd@vkyf&mY ol@udk avSmifovdkajymifovdkrsKd; rjzpfatmifawmhrl odrfodrfarG@arG@ESifh
vkyfwwf&ef ta&;}uD;ygonf?
Ò awG@qHkar;jref;aepOf wufwufºuGºuGem;axmif+yD; pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;aom/ r&Sif;vif;aom

tcsufrsm;udk qufvkdufyg? vrf;racsmfoGm;&atmifESifh vdktyfor#tao;pdwftm;vHk;&atmif
ar;cGef;rsm;udk pm&if;}udK+yD;jyKpkxm;&ef ta&;}uD;onf? okd@aomfvnf; a&;csvmonfh ar;cGef;
pm&if;twkdif;csnf;om rar;rd&efvnf;ta&;}uD;ayonf?
Ò ±ªyfaxG;r_awGrjzpf&atmif ar;cGef;rsm;udk 0guswkdwdkESifh t&Sif;qkH;jzpfatmif ar;yg?
Ò tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;&Ekdif&ef rnfokd@rnfykHESifh rnfonfhtcsdefY tzGifhar;cGef;rsm;tm;

ar;+yD; ‘[kwfw,f/ r[kwfbl;’ [laomtajzESifh tcsKd@tcsuftvufrsm;udk ydkifydkifEkdifEdkif&&ef
tydwfar;cGef;rsm; ar;&rnfqkdonfukd rarhygESifh/ owd&Sdyg?
Ò udk,fhudktcsdefay; ajymjyonfhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifa=umif; ajymqkdyg?
owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk ydkvdkcsifaeonfhtcsdef/
wzufom;udkvnf; zdtm;ay;ovdkrjzpfcsifaomtcgrsKd;
rsm;wGif atmufwGifazmfjyxm;onfh tzGihfar;cGef;rsm; ar;
=unhf/ tokH;jyK=unfhyg?
· æ æ ta=umif;ajymjyygvm;?
· æ æ jzpfwJhtcsdefqDudk jyefac:oGm;ay;ygvm;?
· æ æ jzpfwJhtcsdefu pdwfxJrSm bmawGjzpfaeygovJ?
atmufYazmfjyxm;onfh ar;cGef;rsm;rSm aumif;rGef+yD; tcsKyfo

abmrsKd;jzpfatmif ar;Ekdifonfhar;cGef;wcsKd@jzpfonf? rnfonfh
ta=umif;rS ajymp&m/ xifjrifcsufay;p&mr&Sd[k ajymonfhae
&mwGif u|rf;usifolrsm;jzpfonfh tqifhjrifhtm%mydkifrsm;ESifh

qufqH&onfhtcg atmufazmfjyyg ar;cGef;rsm;u taxmuftulay;ygvdrfhrnf?
Production
· æ æ r=umrD wcsdefcsdefqdkwm bmudkqkdvdkwmygvJ? onfhxuf&Sif;atmif ajymjyEkdifrvm;?
· æ æ ydk+yD; wdwdususajym&atmifyg? cifAsm;&J‹ tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfpDrHcsufu a&S@
wywfrSm pawmhr,fvdk@ qkdvkdcsifwmvm;?
· æ æ apmapmuar;cGef;qD jyefoGm;&atmifyg? tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfpDrHcsufudk tcsdef
b,fawmh pvkyfrSmygvJ?
tuJqwfaom awG‹ qHkar;jref;cef;rsm;udk udkifwG,fjcif;
pdwfxdcdkufzG,f&mtawG@t=uHK/ okd@r[kwf &ifemp&mtawG@t=uHKrsm; jyefajymjyrnfholrsm;ESifh awG@

qHkar;jref;jcif;udk rnfokd@rnfykH udkifwG,fvkyfaqmifEkdifonfhtay: ay;xm;onfht=uHjyKcsufwcsKd@
jzpfonf? Tt=uHjyKcsufrsm;onf vlr_a&;vkyfom;rsm;/ pdwfa&m*gukoa&; u|rf;usifolrsm;ESifh
owif;pmq&mrsm;xHrS &&Sdvmjcif;jzpfonf?
Ò awG@qHkar;jref;r_udk ajymjyrnfholuodu|rf;ae+yD; ,Hk=unfpdwfcs&ol olwdk@tokdif;t0kdif;xJrSvl

wOD;rSwqifh pDpOfyg?
Ò rnfonfhae&mESifh rnfonfhtcsdefY ajymcsifonfudk awG@qHkar;jref;cHrnfholrS a&G;cs,fygap?

Tokd@a&G;cs,fcGifhay;vkdufjcif;onf olwdk@udk wwfEkdifor# oufawmifhoufomESifh pdwfcsvufcs
jzpfap&eftwGufjzpfonf? vltrsm;onf olwdk@.ywf0ef;usifwGif; aeomxdkifom&SdrSom olwdk@.
ta=umif;udk ajymcsif=uavh&Sdaoma=umifhyif?
Ò awG@qHkar;jref;cH&rnfholudk tb,fha=umifh ol@udk pum;ajymcsif&a=umif;ESifh cef@rSef;ajctm;jzifh

tcsdefrnfr#vdkrnfqkdonfudk tcsdef,l+yD;&Sif;jyyg? olonf jzpfpOfwckvHk;.wpdwfwydkif;jzpfonf
qkdjcif;udkvnf; em;vnfatmif&Sif;jyyg? odyfudktuJqwfvGef;onfh ta=umif;t&mrsm;Y olwkd@
rajzcsifygu ar;cGef;udkajzp&mrvdka=umif; awG@qHkar;jref;cHrnfholudk ajymjyxm;Ekdifygonf?
Ò pdwftemw&jzpfp&m =uHK&zl;oltrsm;pkonf oif.oem;jcif;ukd cHcsifolrsm;r[kwf? olwdk@.

Zmwfa=umif;udk jyefajymjy&ef qHk;jzwfvdkufjcif;onf olwkd@udk,folwdk@ukpm;&efESifh jyef+yD;tm;
aumif;vmcsifaoma=umifhom jzpfonf? xkd@a=umihf ‘tkd æ 'DtwGuf odyfudk0rf;enf;ygw,f’
[laom tvGeftu|Hoem;wwfonfh rSwfcsufrsKd;ray;rdatmif }udK;pm;a&Smif&Sm;yg? udk,fu
trSefwu,foem;rdI ajymonfhwkdif wzufom;tm; tiftm;rJhovdkjzpfatmif xyfvkyfvdkufovdk
jzpfoGm;Edkifygonf?

Production
Ò udk,fu em;axmifaea=umif;jyo&ef txl;owdxm;vkyfaqmiffyg? (wcsdefvHk;vkyf&efrvkdovkdk

rsufawmifrcwfyJ pl;pkduf=unfhay;ae&efvnf; rvkdygay) rsufvHk;csif;qHk+yD; acgif;ndwfjywmrsKd;vkyf
Ekdifygonf? udk,fhrSwfpkpmtkyf/ okd@r[kwf uifr&may:csnf;om tm±kHpdkufraeygESifh?
Ò awG@qHkar;jref;cH&olu bmudkqdkvdkaerSef;/ okd@r[kwf ajymjycsifrSef; raocsmygu ol@tm;onfh

xuf&Sif;atmif &Sif;jyzdk@ajymyg? udk,fu aoaocsmcsmem;vnfjcif;&Sdr&Sdod&ef aemufqkH;Y ar;cGef;
rsm;ESifh xyfIckdifrmatmifar;,lyg? Oyrmtm;jzihf - ‘'gqdk&if cifAsm; æ 'Dvkdajymwkef;u æ æ
qdkvdkwmvm;?’ ‘tck cifAsm;ajymwmay:rlwnf+yD; æ æ vdk@ ajymvdk@&rvm;’ ponfponfjzihf?
tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdifaeolrsm;onf rsm;aomtm;jzihf owif;orm;rsm;tm; jy\em&Smolrsm;[k
jrifwwf=uonf? awG@qHkar;jref;cGihf ay;csifavmufatmif owif;orm;rsm;udk ,Hk=unfr_r&Sdjzpf
wwf=uonf? t"dy`m,fvGJaomowif;wyk'f/ rSm;+yD;udk;um;aomrSwfcsufrsm;a=umifh udk,fhudkykdI
r,Hkr=unfjzpfvmEkdifonfomru owif;orm;rsm;onf tdyfrufqdk;rsm;ESifhtoGifwlonf[l
onfhtcsuf twnfjzpfoGm;Ekdifonf?
Ò awG@qHkar;jref;pOf tar;jref;cH&olu trSwfwrJhcsufcsif;pdwfxdcdkufI ikdcsvkdufonfqkdygu ol@

taeESifh awG@qkHar;jref;csuf &yfvkdufcsif+yD[kr,lqygESifh? vkyfoihfonfrSm ol@udka&G;cs,fcGihfay;
vkdufEkdif&efvkdonf? a&wcGufavmuf urf;ay;wmrsKd;vnf; vkyfI&ygonf? ‘uifr&mudk wrdepf
avmuf ydwfxm;ay;&rvm;/ 'grSr[kwf qufajymcsifvm;’ [laom ar;cGef;rsKd;ar;jcif;/ wckckajym
jcif; vkyfEkdifonf? r=umc%qdkovdkyif xkdokd@a&G;cs,fcGihfay;vdkufjcif;tm;jzifh olwdk@udk,folwdk@
xdef;csKyfEkdifatmif tultnDay;vdkufEkdifygvdrfhrnf?
Ò ar;jref;cH&olu pum;ajymaepOf tv,favmufwGif&yfoGm;+yD; a&S@rqufEkdifjzpfaeygu ol

apmapmuajymoGm;aom aemufqHk;pum;vHk;udk nifnifomom jyefajymjyay;vdkufyg?
ÒawG@qHkar;jref;cH&ol oHk;wwfaom twdkaumufpmvHk;rsm;/ awG@qHkar;jref;cH&olu &nf!¸ef;

xnfhoGif;ajymwwfonfh vlrsm;tm;vkH;udk odaeatmif}udK;pm;yg?
Ò jzpfEkdifygu oifawG@qkHar;jref;ol. ,cifuawG@qHkar;jref;cef;rsm;udk }udKwifzwfxm;yg?
Ò olESifh t&ifawG@qHkar;jref;zl;aom oifhvkyfazmfudkifzufrsm;ESifh pum;ajymI odatmifvkyfyg?
Ò }udKwifjyifqifr_onf tcsdefukefoufomapygonf?
Ò ar;cGef;rsm;udk csa&;xm;yg? okd@aomf pum;ajymqkdr_udk vGwfvGwfvyfvyf pD;qif;ygap?

Production
em;axmifjcif;pGrf;&nf wkd;wufapaomenf;vrf;rsm;
awG@qHkar;jref;aom pGrf;&nfwwfu|rf;r_vdkyif em;axmifEkdifr_pGrf;&nfwwfu|rf;r_onfvnf; tavh

tusihfvdktyf+yD; vG,fvG,fululESifh ydkifqkdif&&SdEkdifaom t&nftcsif;w&yfawmhjzifh r[kwfygay?
em;axmifjcif;[lonfhtvkyfukdu u|rf;usifr_pGrf;&nfwrsKd; tEkynmw&yfyifjzpfygonf? rsm;aom
tm;jzifh vltrsm;xif=uonfu em;axmifjcif;onf rdrdwkd@tm;vkH; wcsdefvHk;vkyfaeonfhtvkyf
rsKd;rdk@ em;axmifjcif;ESifhywfouf+yD; wu,fwrf; rnfonfht&mr#avhvmp&mr&Sd[k xifwwf=u
onf?
“wu,fppfrSefwhJ em;axmifjcif;qdkwm wzufom;ajymwmqHk;wJhtxd/ 'grSr[kwf ukd,hf&J@xifjrif

,lqcsufudk ar;vmwJhtxd bmrStaESmifht,Sufray;yJ/ ajymaewmudk todtrSwfjyKwJhtaeeJ@
acgif;ndwfwm/ jyHK;jywmvdkrsKd; oifhawmfwJhudk,ftrlt&meJ@ +idrf+idrfav; em;axmifwJhtcgrsKd;rSmom
ppfrSefwJhem;axmifjcif;qkdwm jzpfwmyg? tJ'grsKd;udk‘touf0ifwJhem;axmifjcif;’vdk@ ac:ygw,f?”
oif. em;axmifjcif;pGrf;&nfudk wdk;wufap&ef atmufYt=uHaumif;wcsKd@ay;xm;ygonf æ
Ò oif. cE<mudk,ftaetxm;udk owdjyKyg?
awG@qHkar;jref;jcif;rvkyfcif oufawmihfoufom&Sdygap? pdk;&drfylyefraeygESifh? udk,fupdk;&drfylyef

aeygu xkdylyefr_ay:vGifae+yD; udk,far;jref;aeoltm; rodrom roufromcHpm;ap&+yD; cifrif&if;
ESD;r_&&eftwGuf tcsdef=umoGm;wwfonf?
Ò tjyKoabmaqmifaom udk,ftrlt&mESifh em;axmifaea=umif; jyoyg?
vdktyfwkdif;/ tcGihfoifhwdkif; acgif;ndwfjy/ jyHK;jyonfomru rsufvHk;csif;qHkatmif =unhfyg?

wcgwcg ‘atmf’ ‘tif;’ pojzihfajymonfrSm aumif;aomfvnf; wcGef;ajym+yD;wkdif; wcgajymwm
rsKd;vkyfygu raumif;yg? tu,fI oif[m a&'D,dk/ okd@r[kwf ±kyfoHowif;orm;jzpfygu wdwfwdwf
oHo,&Sdonfhtcg ‘bma-umihfvJ’ [kom &Sif;&Sif;uav;xyfar;yg?

xyfar;_yD;onfhwkdif oHo,&Sdaeao;onfqkdygu ‘bma-umihfvJ’ [kom xyfar;vkdufyg?

qdwfqdwfom em;axmifaeoifh+yD; udk,ftrlt&mESifhom pdwf0ifpm;r_udkjywwfatmif udk,fhudk,f
Production
udkavhusihfay;xm;&ef txl;yifta&;}uD;ayonf? toHv$ifhrD'D,mrsm;ay:Y qlnHoHrsm;udkem;

axmifem;qif&jcif;onf pdwftaESmifht,Sufjzpfp&m tvGefaumif;onf?
Ò ajzaeolu pum;tqHk;owf+yD;rSom aemufxyfar;cGef;ukd xyfar;yg?
oifhtaeESifh trSefyifem;axmifaea=umif;ESifh udk,far;cGef;ar;&&eftwGufom olajymwmqHk;

atmif em;axmifaejcif;r[kwfa=umif; jyo&efvkdonf? &Sif;vif;csufawmif;&efESifh tao;pdwf
tcsuftvufrsm; xyfar;&efukdra=umufygESifh? ‘bma=umihfvJ’ ‘'geJ@ywfouf+yD; ydk&Sif;jyEkdifrvm;
æ wu,fhudk pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;vdk@yg æ enf;enf;Za0Z0gjzpfaeao;w,f’ pojzifh ajym&rSm
udk tm;remygESifh?
Ò ar;cGef;wckar;xm;+yD; ajzqkday;olrS wdwfqdwfoGm;yguvnf; apmihfaeyg?
tb,fha=umifhqkdaomf ajzay;oltaejzifh pum;rajymcif/ tajzray;cif pOf;pm;&efvkdaumif;vdkyg

vdrfhrnf? ol@taeESifh rnfonfhta=umif;tm; ar;cJhonfukd/ okd@r[kwf xyf&Sif;jy&efrar;vmygu
ar;cGef;tm; jyef&Gwfjy&efrvkyfygESifh/ r}udK;pm;ygESifh?
ydkrdk&Sif;vif;aom ar;cGef;rsm;ar;&eftwGuf t=uHaumif;rsm;
oHo,&Sdonfhtcg ‘bma=umihfvJ’ [kom &Sif;&Sif;uav;xyfar;yg? xyfar;+yD;onfhwkdif oHo,

&Sdaeao;onfqkdygu ‘bma=umihfvJ’ [kom xyfar;vkdufyg? tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm; &Ekdif
rnfhenf;vrf; trsKd;rsKd;&Sdygonf? okd@aomf ‘bma=umihfvJ’ [laomar;cGef;onf pwifar;jref;&ef
taumif;qHk;enf;vrf;rsm;xJrS ar;cGef;wckjzpfonf? Tar;cGef;onf ajzqkday;aeol.pdwfxJ&Sd
onfhtwkdif; vGwfvGwfvyfvyfESifh yGifhyGihfvif;vif;ajymcGihfay;Ekdifaom tzGihfar;cGef;wckjzpfonf?
rSefuefaomtrlt&mESifh aemufqufwGJar;cGef;rsm; xyfrHar;Ekdifrnfqkdygu ta&miftaoG;pHk+yD;
tESpfom&&Sdaom a&;p&mrsm;wykH}uD;ESifh oiftdrftjyefvSrnfrSm usdef;aoyif?
owif;aqmif;yg;twGuf tcsuftvuf&SmazGjcif;qdkif&m awG;p&mrsm;
Ò tdwfcsftdkifAGD§attdkif'Dtufpf wdk;wufjzpfyGm;r_tvm;tvm
rnfonfhtouft&G,f tydkif;tjcm;&Sdvltkyfpkrsm;Y tdyfcsftdkifAGD§attdkif'Dtufpf wdk;wufjzpfyGm;

r_tvm;tvm tqdk;&Gm;qHk;jzpfaeoenf;/ tb,fha=umifhenf;/ rnfolrsm;u Tta&;udpPESifhywf
Production
oufI rnfonfht&mrsm; aqmif&Gufaeoenf;?
Ò ul;pufa&m*g ajc&maumufjcif;
Ð vl@tpktpnf; Community wckrS tjcm;wckqDokd@ rnfokd@rnfykHa&G@vsm;oGm;oenf;?
Ð rnfokd@rnfykH ulpufjyef@yGm;aeoenf;?
Ð rnfokd@rnfykH wm;qD;Edkifrnfenf;?
Ð Ta&m*gjzpfyGm;aeaom tjcm;EdkifiHrsm;ESifh txl;ojzifh tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHrsm;Y rnfokd@aomtvm;
tvmrsm; &Sdaeoenf;?
Ò vlr_a&;ESifh ,Ofaus;r_qdkif&m oabmxm;rsm;/ owfrSwfcsufrsm;
Ð zdk§rESifh vdifr_qdkif&mtay: xm;&Sdonfhoabmxm;rsm;/

Ð tpdk;&ay:vpDrl0g'tm; xif[yfonfh oabmxm;rsm;/
Ð pdk;&drfa=umifh=ur_ Fear rsm;/
Ð tajymif;tvJrsm;/ oabmxm;&ifhusufr_rsm;/ &SufpdwfESifh cGJjcm;qufqHr_/
Ò vl@tzGJ@tpnf;wckpD&Sd tpOftvm/ vdiftajccHusm;§rtcef;u¾rsm;/ zkd§r tjyeftvSefquf

EG,fr_rsm;ESifh tdwfcsftdkifAGD§attdkif'Dtufpf
Ð ZeD;r,m;wa,muftaeESifh tdwfcsftdkifAGD§attdkif'Dtufpf ul;pufcH&Edkifaom tEœ&m,ftvm;

tvm rnfokd@rnfykH&Sdaeoenf;?
Ð vdifay:tajccHaom cGJjcm;qufqHr_rS trsdK;orD;rsm; jyKpkapmifha&SmufcH,lcGifhESifh aq;0g;ukocH,l
cGifh&Sdr_wkd@tay: rnfokd@rnfykHxdcdkufr_&Sdoenf;?
Ð trdsK;orD;rsm; tdwfcsftdkifAGD§attdkif'Dtufpful;pufjzpfyGm;r_rS }udKwifumuG,fEdkifatmif rnf
okd@rnfykH tm;ay;tm;jznfhaqmif&Gufr_rsm; &Sdaeoenf;?
Ò tdyfcsftdkifAGD§attdkif'Dtufpf/ vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh w&m;r#wr_
Ð tdyfcsftdkifAGD§attdkif'Dtufpf&Sdaeolrsm;. tcGifhta&;ESifh tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdifaeolrsm;t

wGuf Oya't&umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_/
Ð tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdifaeolrsm; rnfokd@rnfykHqufqHcHae&oenf;? olwdk@tm; rnfokd@rnfykHquf
qHoifhoenf;?
Ð vl@tcGifhta&;/ rdcifESifh uav;usef;rma&;/ vdiftajccHwef;wlr_/ uav;oli,frsm;tcGifhta&;
ponfrsm;ESifhywfoufonfh EdkifiHwumoabmwlnDcsufrsm;/ vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;ESifh vkyfief;t

aumiftxnfazmfr_wkd@. tajctae?
Production
q,fausmfoufrsm; odk‹ r[kwf t&G,fa&mufpvli,frsm;ESifh

‚wdk‹ tdwfcsftdkifAGD§attdkif'Dtufpf ul;pufjzpfyGm;Edkifr_tE©&m,f
Ò pmoifausmif;rsm;ESifh wuUodkvfrsm;wGif tdwfcsftdkifAGD§attdkif'Dtufpfoufa&mufaer_/
Ð q&mrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm;tay:oufa&mufr_/
Ð ul;pufa&m*gtm;ESdrfeif;&mwGif q&m§q&mrrsm;.tcef;u¾ESifh aqmif&Guf+yD;cJhaomvkyfief;
erlemrsm;?
rdom;pkrsm;ESifh zkdrtjyeftvSefqufEG,fr_rsm;tay:
tdwfcsftdkifAGD§attdkif'Dtufpfoufa&mufaer_
Ò tdwfcsftdkifAGD§attdkif'DtufpfESifh uav;oli,frsm;
Ð rdcifrSuav;xH tdwfcsftdkifAGDul;pufjcif; rjzpfyGm;atmif }udKwif

umuG,fjcif;/
Ð rdbrJhattdkif'Dtufpfvlem uav;oli,frsm; - jy\emtwdrf
teufESifh olwdk@.,cifh,cif rsdK;qufrsm;tay:oufa&mufr_/
Ð tdwfcsftdkifAGD§attdkif'Dtufpf jzpfyGm;aeaomtajctaeatmuf
wGif t&G,fa&mufrsdK;qufrsm; . ajymif;vJvmaomtcef;u¾rsm;/
Ð rdbrJhattdkif'Dtufpfvlem uav;oli,frsm;ESifh tjcm;xdcdkufcH&ol
rsm;udk jyKpkapmifha&Smuf&ef enf;vrf;rsm;/
Ò pD;yGm;a&;tcef;u¾rsm;odk@ tdwfcsftdkifAGD§attdkif'Dtufpf±dkufcwfr_
Ð EdkifiHtqifhpD;yGm;a&; Macro Economy/ txl;ojzihf ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;/ pufr_vkyfief;ESifh

pdkufysdK;a&;qdkif&m vkyfief;}uD;rsm;tay: tdwfcsftdkifAGD§attdkif'Dtufpf±dkufcwfr_/
Ð pD;yGm;a&;ESifh vlr_a&;jzpfxGef;wdk;wufr_rsm;tay: tdwfcsftdkifAGD§attdkif'Dtufpf±dkufcwfr_qdk
onfrSm rnfonfht&mukd qkdvkdoenf;?
Ð pD;yGm;a&;zG@H+zdK;wdk;wufr_udk rvGJraoGxdckdufEkdifonfh arG;zGm;E_ef;/ aoE_ef;tajymif;tvJrsm;udk
tdwfcsftdkifAGD§attdkif'Dtufpfu rnfokd@rnfykH oufa&mufxdckdufr_&Sdaeoenf;?

Production
Ò vdiftvkyf
Ð rnfokd@aom usef;rma&;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh tpdk;&rsm;rS vdiftvkyfwGif tvkyfvkyfaeolrsm;/ olwkd@

tm;okH;pJGolrsm;ESifh olwdk@.rdom;pkrsm; usef;rma&;t& ydkrkdvHkjcHKr_&Sdatmif rnfokd@rnfykH aqmif&Guf
ae=uoenf;/ okd@r[kwf aqmif&GufEdkif=urnfenf;?
Ð vdiftvkyform;rsm;ESifh olwkd@tm;tokH;jyKolrsm;twGuf tpDtpOfrsm; - rnfonfht&mrsm;u
tvkyfjzpf+yD; rnfonfht&mrsm;u tvkyfrjzpfjcif;/ vl@tzGJ@tpnf;twGif; 0ifqef@Edkifa&;twGuf
vdiftvkyform;rsm;ESifh tvkyform;vl@tpktpnf;acgif;aqmifawGudk om"uESifhjyIa&;jcif;?
Ð vdifvkyfief;tm;}uD;xGm;vmatmif wGef;tm;ay;aeaom pD;yGm;a&;tajctaersm;ESifh vdiftajc
cHuGJjym;jcm;em;csufrsm;/
Ð vdiftvkyftpm; tjcm;jrifomxifom&Sdaom pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;/
tdwfcsftdkifAGD§attdkif'Dtufpftay: bmoma&;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh
bmoma&;vl‹tpktpnf;rsm;. wHk‹ jyefr_
Ò usef;rma&;jyKpkapmifha&Smufr_pepf
Ð Anti-retroviral attm&fADG ac: aygi;f pyfux

k ;Hk aq;0g;rsm; tcrJ/h ok@d r[kwf aps;enf;enf;ESiahf 0iSjcif;/
okd@r[kwf 0,f,lEdkifjcif;/
Ð prf;oyfppfaq;jcif;/
Ð t=uHjyKvrf;!$efjcif;/
Ð jyKpkapmifha&Smufr_/
Ð ykd;&Sdaeolrsm;ESifh vlemrsm;tay:xm;&Sdonfh oabmxm;ESihf tjyKtrl/
Ò tdwfcsftdkifAGD§attdkif'Dtufpfvlemrsm;tm; ukor_ESifh jyKpkapmifha&Smufr_
Ð attdkif'DtufpfukxHk;rsm;ESifh aq;0g;rsm; (&&SdEdkifr_tygt0if)/

Ð tpdk;&ay:vpDrl0g'/
Ð attdkif'DtufpfukxHk;twGuf ukefusr_eJ@ tcuftcJrsm;/
Ò aq;rwdk;r_ESifh aemufqufwGJoufa&mufr_rsm;
Ò tdwfcsftdkifAGD§attdkif'Dtufpf }udKwifumuG,faq; prf;oyfr_rsm;tm; okawoejyKjcif;

Ò tdwfcsftdkifAGD§attdkif'DtufpfESifhywfoufI t,laumufvGJjcif; Misconception odk@r[kwf
Production
ukxHk;wkrsm;
Ò aq;0g;xkwfvkyfonfhpuf±Hk om.a
u
iet.c
smd
.auti
: www
urce
re So
Ð vkyfief;pOfrsm;ESifh vlemrsm;/ Pictu
Ð aq;0g;twGufukefusp&dwf/
Ð okawoevkyfief; zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufr_/
Ð okawoevkyfief;twGuf aiGa=u;axmufyHhr_/
Ð attm&fAGDaq;0g;rsm; wifydk@r_?
Ò Oya'a&;&mudpP&yfrsm;
Ð tcGifhta&;rsm;/
Ð vlemrsm;/
Ð cGJjcm;qufqHr_rsm;/
Ò udef;*%ef;tcsuftvufrsm;
Ð tcsuftvufpkaqmif;r_ enf;pepfrsm;/
Ð udef;*%ef;rsm; a&S@aemufrnDnGwfjcif;ESifh wnf+idrfr_r&Sdjcif;/
Ð cef@rSef;wGufcsufr_rsm;/
Ò vlom;tusdK;pD;yGm;
Ð tdwfcsftdkifAGD§attdkif'DtufpfESifh tvkyft&/ qufqHa&;t&/ usef;rma&;t& qufEG,faeol

rsm;.b0rsm;/
Ð pmzwfy&dowfrS vufqihfurf;ajymjyEdkifolrsm;. tawG@t=uHKrsm;/
Ð touf&SifaexkdifaeqJvlrsm;.ta=umif;/ Zmwfvrf;rsm;/
±kyf&SifESifh owif;rD'D,m
Ò ay:vpDrl0g'qdkif&m udpP&yfrsm;
Ð EdkifiHwumvkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;ESifh ay:vpDrl0g'/

Ð tpdk;&ay:vpDrl0g'rsm; (tvª&SifEdkifiHtpdk;&rsm;ESifh olwdk@rSoufa&mufr_rsm;tygt0if)/
Production
Ð tem*wfvkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;twGuf jyifqifpkzGJ@r_rsm;/
Ð ay:vpDrl0g'rsm;udk rnfokd@csrSwfoenf;/ oufqdkifolrsm;tm;vHk;. wifjycsufrsm;udk tav;
teufxm;pOf;pm;+yD; csrSwfjcif;jzpfygovm;/ ormorwf&Sdyg&J@vm;?
Ò tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;. tcef;u¾
Ð tpdk;&rsm;ESifh tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rS olwdk@.vkyfief;rsm;udk taumiftxnfazmfaeygovm;/

Ð olwdk@pDpOfxm;onfhtwdkif; taumiftxnfazmfaejcif; jzpfygovm;/
Ð olwkd@taeESifh olwdk@.vkyfief;OD;wnfcsufudk a&mufEkdifygrnfvm;/ a&mufra&muftm; rnf
onfht&mESifh oufaojyEdkifrnfenf;/
Ð olwdk@.vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;rS rnfolwdk@ukd tusKd;tjrwf&apoenf;?
Ò aiGa=u;pD;qif;r_
Ð tultnDvkdtyfaeolrsm;xH aiGa=u;a&mufyg&J@vm;/
Ð &&SdaomaiGa=u;tultnDtm; pepfwuspDrHoHk;pGJjcif; &Sdyg&J@vm;/
Ð aiGa=u;tultnDrsm;rSm b%fxJYyif &Sdaeovm;?
ed'gef; a&;enf;
pme,fZif;orm;rsm;twGuf aumif;rGefaom owif;aqmif;yg;wyk'fzefwD;Edkif&ef yxrOD;qHk;ESifh

wckwnf;aomtqifhrSm aumif;rGefaomed'gef;ydkif;udk tpcsDjcif;jzpfonf? tcsdK@aompme,fZif;
orm;rsm;rSm pdwf0ifpm;zG,fed'gef;udk rzefwD;Edkifojzifh owif;aqmif;yg;udk pwifa&;om;&ef
rsm;pGmtcuftcJ=uHK&avh&Sdonf? tb,fha=umifh Todk@jzpf&ygoenf;? ed'gef;onf owif;aqmif;
yg;wck tcsdwftqufrdrd acsmacsmarG@arG@jzpfapa&;Y pme,fZif;orm;taeESifh aomur=uHK&
avatmif aqmifusOf;ay;EdkifIyifjzpfonf? xdk@jyif ed'gef;onf rdrdpDuHk;rnfh owif;aqmif;yg;ESifh
ywfoufI pma&;ol.&Sif;vif;jywfom;aomtjrifESifh em;vnfr_udkvnf; xif[yfapygonf?
rdrdY rdrda&;om;rnfh owif;aqmif;yg;twGuf OD;wnf&m odk@r[kwf wifjyrnfh&_axmifh &Sif;&Sif;

vif;vif;&Sdygu ed'gef;udktpcsD&ef ydkrdkvG,fulaponf? ed'gef;onf wifjyvdkonfhta=umif;t&m
udk wdkuf±kdufOD;wnfay;onf? xdk@a=umifh wdkwdk ±kd;±kd; &Sif;&Sif;ESifh pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;onfhtjyif
ta&;}uD;qHk;taeESifh ,if;onf pma&;ol.raemuJhodk@ &Sif;vif;jywfom;ae&rnfjzpfonf?

atmufazmfjyygtcsufrsm;onf ed'gef;a&;&mY xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;oifhonfh tcsuftcsKd@jzpfonf?
Production
Ò vwfwavmjzpfay:aeonfhudpP&yfrsm;tay: owif;aqmif;yg;a&;&mY tajccH ‘b’ ajcmuf

vHk;Oya'oudk toHk;jyK&onf? xdk ‘b’ ajcmufvHk;ESifhywfoufonfh owif;tcsuftvufrsm;
ESifhtwl 16 vHk;xufrydkaom pmvHk;ta&twGufudkoHk;I a&;&rnf? wdk&rnf/ pdwf0ifpm;zG,fjzpf
&rnf/ ±dk;&Sif;&rnfqdkonfrsm;udk owdjyKyg?
Ò Zmwfvrf;owif;aqmif;yg;Y ed'gef;ydkif;onf vwfwavmjzpfysufaeonfrsm;ukd a&;om;wif

jyonfh owif;.ed'gef;ydkif;xuf ydkta&;}uD;onf? ,if;onf ±kyf&SifZmwfum;wckudk +yD;atmif
=unfhr=unfhrqHk;jzwfrSD erlemudkt&if=unfhouJhodk@ rdrdowif;aqmif;yg;udk pmzwfoltaeESifh
rzwfrSD aqmif;yg;ygta=umif;t&mtvkH;pHkudk xdk;azmufjrifEdkifaomae&mjzpfonf? Zmwfvrf;o
wif;aqmif;yg;ed'gef;Y ‘b’ ajcmufvHk;udk tukeftoHk;jyK&ef rvdkyg? tcsufwcsufudkom qGJaqmif
r_&Sdaompum;vHk;rsm;oHk;I tm;aumif;aumif;ESifhwifjy&ef vdktyfonf?
Ò tu,fIed'gef;udk vdkovdkrzefwD;Edkifygu rdrdowif;aqmif;yg;. ‘tESpfpum;vHk;’udk awG@atmif

&Smyg? rdrdowif;aqmif;yg;ESifh ywfoufonfht,ltq/ aemufcHtajctaeESifh rdrdZmwfaumif
rsm;udk xdxdrdrdazmfjyEdkifrnfh pum;vHk;rsm; odk@r[kwf pmydk'frsm;udk pwifa&;csjcif;jzifh tpjyKyg?
rdrdZmwfvrf;Y tESpfpum;vHk;r&Sdygu Zmwfvrf;jzpfvmrnfr[kwfyg?
Ò tu,fI tjcm;ed'gef;a&;enf;tm;vHk;tvkyfrjzpfygu wpHkwa,muf (pme,fZif;avmu t

jyifrSyk*~dKvfjzpfygu toifhawmfqHk;jzpf) udk &SmazG+yD; rdrdowif;aqmif;yg;ta=umif;ukd rdrdrdwfaqG
tm; wpHkwckajymjyonfhyHkpHrsdK;ESifh ajym=unfhyg? odk@aomfTodk@jyKrljcif;onf rdrdowif;aqmif;yg;udk
zwfjyjcif;[kwfyg/ ra&maxG;zdk@vdkonf? rdrdrdwfaqGESifhpum;ajymonfhtcg odk@r[kwf rdwfaqGtm;
wpHkw&m (twif;tzsif;/ +yD;cJhonfhpaewe*FaEGtm;vyf&ufawmvnfc&D;pOf ponfjzifh) ajymjy
onfhtcg rdrdtaeESifh owif;pmtoHk;tE_ef;rsm; oHk;rnfr[kwfyg? xdkodk@ajym=unfhonfhtcg rdrd
ajymvdkonfhudpPESifh ywfoufonfhtcsuftvufrsm;ESifh tjcm;oufqdkifonfrsm;tm; jrefjref
qefqefajymEdkifonfudk owdxm;rdvmygvdrfhrnf? xdkenf;udkoHk;I rdrdrdwfaqGtm; rdrdZmwfvrf;
udkajymjyjcif;jzifh ed'gef;a&;&ef tpjyK=unfhyg?
Òed'gef;trsm;pkonf owif;rsm; yg0if=uonf? tu,fI rdrdZmwfvrf;aemufydkif;rS owif;udk

xnfhoGif;azmfjy&efpOf;pm;ygu owif;ESifh ed'gef;onf vGefpGma0;uGmraeoifh?
Òtm;aumif;aom pum;vHk;rsm;jzifh tpysKd;yg/ tqHk;owfyg/ touf0ifaom ud&d,mrsm;udk

toHk;jyKyg? tjyKcH0gusonf ed'gef;ydkif;udktm;enf;apojzifh ,if;udk ed'gef;ydkif;wGifroHk;oifh?

Ò yHk}uD;rcsJ@ygESifh/ pmzwfy&dowfukd rvSnfhpm;ygESifh?
Production
Ò ed'gef;ydkif;Y w&m;0iftac:ta0:rsm;/ enf;ynmqdkif&m toHk;tE_ef;rsm;/ Aef;pum;rsm; rxnfh
oGif;ygESifh? pmzwfoltaeESifh tpydkif;uwnf;u pdwf&_yfaxG;r_jzpfygu rdrdowif;aqmif;yg;udk
ausmfI tjcm;t&mrsm; qufzwfoGm;rnfjzpfonf?
owif;wyk'fwGif udef;*%ef;rsm;oHk;pGJjcif;twGuf t=uH^m%frsm;
udef;*%ef;rsm;tm; toHk;jyKyHkay:rlwnf+yD; udef;*%ef;qkdif&mowif;rSm aysmfp&mjzpfEkdifovdk

vHk;0+iD;aiG@p&mvnf; jzpfEkdifygonf? owif;aumif;wyk'fonf owif;tm;yHhydk;ay;aom udef;*%ef;
tcsuftvufrsm; tvHktavmufygovdk rvdktyfaomudef;*%ef;rsm;vnf; ygEkdifonf? udef;*
%ef;topfrsm;tm; xkwfjyefonfhtcg xkdudef;*%ef;rsm;u ta=umif;t&mw&yf.tajctae
tajymif;tvJrsm;udk xif[yfaeonf? udef;*%ef;rsm;.t"dy`m,fudk pmzwfolrsm;em;vnfEkdif
rnfh &Sif;vif;aompum;vkH;rsm;ESifh ‘vlom;±kyfyHkv$m’ tjzpf ajymif;vJay;&rnfrSm oifhwm0efjzpf
onf? owif;pmorm;aumif;wa,mufonf jyif;xefaom tusKd;oufa&mufr_wckzefwD;&ef/
tacstwifaqG;aEG;yGJw&yfpwif&ef/ okd@r[kwf E_d;aqmfr_w&yfvkyf&eftwGuf udef;*%ef;rsm;udk
rnfokd@rnfykHoHk;&rnfqkdjcif;ukd odonf?
atmufYazmfjyxm;onfh tcsufrsm;rSm wdusrSefuef+yD; rSwfom;avmufaom owif;tcsuft

vufrsm;udkwifjy&mwGif taxmuftuljzpfapygvdrfhrnf?
Ò udef;*%ef;rsm;onf rnfonfht"dy`m,f&Sdonfqdkjcif;udk taotcsmem;vnfatmifvkyfyg?

ar;cGef;rsm;ar;yg? olwkd@tcsif;csif; qufpyfr_rsm;udkpdwfjzmoHk;oyf+yD; rnfonfht"dy`m,f&Sdonf
qdkjcif;udkodEkdif&ef qufpyf=unhfyg? xyfrHI okawoevkyf=unfhyg? raocsmygu u|rf;usifolrsm;ESifh
wkdifyifyg?
Ò udef;*%ef;rsm;. t&if;tjrpfESifh ol@wkd@. ,Hk=unfpdwfcs&r_udk ppfaq;yg?

jzpfEkdifygu wlnDaomudef;*%ef;rsm;/ okd@r[kwf tvm;wludef;*%ef;rsm;udk tjcm;t&if;tjrpf
wckxHrS&atmif }udK;pm;,l+yD; E_dif;,SOf=unhfv#if ydkIwdusaocsmaom oHk;oyfr_wck&vmrnf?
Ò ikyfaeaom/ rar#mfvifhxm;aom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk &Sm=unhfyg?

owif;t&if;tjrpfwckwnf;rS ay;xm;aom vuf&Sdudef;*%ef;tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh ,cifudef;
*%ef;rsm;udk,SOf=unhfvkdufygu Tikyfaeaomtcsuftvufrsm; awG@vmEkdifonf? owif;tcsuf
tvufpkaqmif;&mwGif rwlaomenf;vrf;rsm;ESifh okH;xm;Ekdifaomt&if;tjrpfESpfckxHrS okHxm;

aomudef;*%ef;tcsuftvufESpfpHkudk E_dif;,SOf=unhfygu ydkIxifxif&Sm;&Sm; awG@&rnfjzpfonf?
Production
Ò avhvmoHk;oyf+yD; aumufcsufcsI&+yDqkdygu udef;*%ef;rsm;xJrS/ okd@r[kwf udef;*%ef;ESpfpkH

=um;rSuGm[csufrsm;ESifh qef@usifzufjzpfaeonfudk &Sif;jyrS&rnfjzpfonf?
Ò udef;*%ef;rsm;udk pkaqmif;aom&ufpGJ/ xkwfjyefaom&ufpGJrsm;tm; azmfjyyg?
tcsKd@avhvmr_rsm;onf +yD;qHk;atmif&SmazG,l&mY vcsDESpfcsDI=umwwfaoma=umihf vGefcJhaom

wESpfrSavhvmr_rsm;onf ‘atmuf’ oGm;aom/ a[mif;oGm;aom avhvmr_jzpfI uHaouHr˜ajym
Ir&yg? xkd@tjyif Tudef;*%ef;rsm;udk pdwfjzmoHk;oyf&onfrSmvnf; vESifhcsDI=umwwfonf?
xkd@a=umihf vGefcJhaomwESpfcef@uvkyfcJhonfh ppfwrf;w&yfonf r=umao;cifurS xkwfjyefvm
onfqkdygu owif;tcsuftvufrsm; opfaeao;onf[k,lEkdifygonf? ody`Hynm&Sifrsm;aumuf
csufrcsEkdifcif wjznf;jznf;csif;ajymif;vJ+yD; &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; ay:xGufvma&;tajctae vdktyf
aomusef;rma&;/ vlOD;a&ESifh vlr_a&;zGH@+zdK; wdk;wufr_qdkif&m avhvmcsufrsm; qkdygu TtcsufrSm
ykdIyifrSefaewwfonf?
owif;aqmif;yg;wpfyk'fzef;wD;&mY xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;oifhonfh tcsuf (10) csuf
1? pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;&J‹vm;/ topfjzpf&J‹vm; ? ? tu,fI oifhowif;aqmif;yg;Y owif;

tcsuftvuf topfryg0ifygu ,if;owif;aqmif;yg;onf pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;aom/ tHhtm;
oifhzG,fjzpfapaom ±ªaxmifhtopfjzifh a&;om;xm;onfh owif;aqmif;yg;rsdK;jzpfygap?
2? oufqdkifqDavsmfjcif; (Relevance) ? ? oifhowif;aqmif;yg;onf oifhy&dowf odk@r[kwf

vl@tzGJ@tpnf;/ vl@tpktpnf;ESifh oufqdkifqDavsmfr_ &Sdyg&J@vm;? oifhowif;aqmif;yg;onf oifh
y&dowftwGuf ta&;ygyg&J@vm;?
3? OD;wnfcsuf (Focus) ? ? owif;aqmif;yg;aumif;wyk'fY &Sif;vif;aom OD;wnfcsufyg&Sdonf?

pme,fZif;orm;rsm;onf vlxktm; owif;rsm; wwfEdkifor#rsm;rsm;ay;&ef }udK;yrf;onfhtaeESifh
r=umc%qdkovdk ‚if;wdk@.owif;aqmif;yg;rsm;wGif tcsuftvufrsm; rsm;Edkifor#rsm;rsm;xnfh
oGif;avh&Sd=uonf? odk@&mwGif xdkodk@jyKvkyfjcif;onf pma&;olESifhpmzwfoltwGuf pdwf±ªyfaxG;
p&mom jzpfygvdrfhrnf? tu,fIoifonf vwfwavmjzpfay:aeonfh udpP&yfESifhywfoufI
owif;aqmif;yg; Hard News wyk'fa&;rnfqdkygu jzpfonfhudpP&yfESifh ,if;.aemufqHk;jzpfay:wdk;
wufr_wdk‹udkom tm±kHpdkufoifhonf? tu,fIoifhtaeESifh Zmwfvrf;owif;aqmif;yg; Feature
Story wyk'fa&;rnfqdkygu oifpdwft0ifpm;qHk; ta=umif;t&mrsm;tay:wGif tm±kHpdkufIa&;

om;oifhygonf? oifa&G;cs,fonfh ta=umif;t&may:wGif&Sdonfh oifhpdwfcHpm; xufoefr_onf
Production
Zmwfvrf;owif;aqmif;yg;aumif;wyk'f jzpfvma&;twGuf oifhtm;tultnDay;ygvdrfhrnf?
4? &,fp&mtwdktxGmjzpf&yfrsm; (Anecdotes)/ ta&miftaoG;pkH (Colour)/ aumif;rGefonfh

udk;um;csufrsm; (Good Quote) ? ? &,fp&mtwdktxGmjzpf&yfonf owif;aqmif;yg;tm;
ydkrdkjrifomxifomjzpfapaom Zmwfvrf;wdkrsm;vkdjzpfonf? ykHwkdywfpi,frsm;[kvnf; qkdI&onf?
,if;onf oifhowif;aqmif;yg;. ta&miftaoG;/ tvif;trdSefudk xyfavmif;ay;onfhtjyif o
wif;aqmif;yg;tm; ydkrdktouf0ifapygonf? xdk@jyif oifhowif;aqmif;yg;Yyg0ifolrsm;. oGifjyif
vuQ%mrsm;udkvnf; vSpf[ay;onf? oifhowif;aqmif;yg;Y aumif;rGefaom &,fp&mtwdkt
xGmjzpf&yfrsm;/ Oyrmrsm;ESifh tudk;tum;wdk@udk xnfhoGif;azmfjyjcif;tm;jzifh oifhpmzwfy&dowf
onf ‚if;wdk@tm; oifydk@vdkonfhOD;wnf&mta&muf oifhowif;aqmif;yg;rSwqifh ESpfESpfumum
vdkufyg=urnfjzpfonf?
oifa&G;cs,fon
fhta=umif;t&ma
y:wGif&Sdonfh
oifhpdwfcHpm;xufoefr_o
nf
Zmwfvrf;owif;aqmif;yg;aumif;wyk'f
jzpfvma&;twGuf?f
l t n D a y ;ygvdrfhrn
u
oifhtm;t
5? wdusr_ESifh &Sif;vif;r_ ? ? wdusr_ESifh &Sif;vif;r_onf tdwfcsftdkifAGD§attdkif'DtufpfESifh qufEG,f

aom udpP&yfrsm;ESifhywfoufI owif;a&;om;&mY t"duta&;}uD;ygonf? pme,fZif;orm;rsm;
tm;vHk; odxm;ouJhodk@ owif;aqmif;yg;wyk'fYyg0ifaom owif;tcsuftvuftm;vHk;onf
wdusr_ESifh&Sif;vif;r_&Sd&rnfjzpfygonf? tdwfcsftdkifAGD§attdkif'DtufpfESifh qufEG,fIowif;a&;
om;&mYrl ra&;om;rSD tdwfcsftdkifAGD§attdkif'Dtufpf tcGifhta&;ESifhywfoufaom tcsuftvuf
rsm;udk&,l&efESifh em;vnfatmif}udK;pm;&efwdk@rSm tqdkygowif;udka&;om;rnfh pme,fZif;orm;
. wm0efjzpfonf?
6? oHo,&Sdu rvkyfygESifh ? ? oifhowif;aqmif;yg;Y xnfhoGif;vdkaom tcsuftvuf/ xifjrif

csufponfwdk@tay: oifhtaeESifh aocsmr_r&Sd[k,lqygu ,if;wdk@udk toHk;rjyKygESifh? tu,fI
oifhtaeESifh trSefwu,ftoHk;jyKvdkygu aocsmatmifxyfrHppfaq;yg?
Production
7? ±dk;&Sif;ygap ? ? vltrsm;pkonf owif;pmae@wdkif;rzwfonfudk trSwf&yg? ±dk;&Sif;aompum;

vHk;ESifh bmomaA'udk toHk;jyKyg? Aef;pum;rsm;/ enf;ynmqdkif&mESifh aq;ynmqdkif&ma0g[m&
rsm;udk toHk;jyKjcif;rSa&Smif&Sm;yg?
8? udef;*%ef;rsm;udk vdktyfrSom toHk;jyKyg ? ? taumif;qHk;aom udef;*%ef;rsm;xnfhoGif;onfh

enf;vrf;rSm vufawG@b0ESifhoufqdkifonfhOyrmrsm; odk@r[kwf owif;aqmif;yg;rsm;udk ydk±kyfvkH;
ºuGvmapa&;twGuf ausmaxmufaemufcHjyK&efjzpfonf? owif;wyk'fYyg0ifaom udef;*%ef;
tcsuftvufrsm;onf ,if;owif;udk&,laom owif;&yfuGuf Source tay:rlwnfI tjcm;
owif;wlwyk'fYyg0ifaom tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh rwluGJjym;avh&Sdonf? xdk@a=umifh oifhtaeESifh
udef;*%ef;tcsuftvufrsm;tm; toHk;rjyKrSD oifhowif;&yfuGufonf pdwfcs,Hk=unf&aom
owif;&yfuGufjzpfrjzpfESifh ,if;owif;&yfuGuf. aemufuG,frSpOf;pm;csufrsm;udk od&Sdatmif
}udK;yrf;&rnfjzpfygonf?
9? yHk}uD;rcsJ‹ygESifh ? ? &,fp&mtwdktxGmjzpf&yfrsm; ac: ykHwkdywfprsm;/ ta&miftaoG;tvif;trSdef

ESifh pdwf0ifpm;p&mtudk;tum;rsm;onf owif;aqmif;yg;aumif;wyk'f jzpf&eftwGuf vGefpGmt
a&;}uD;aomfvnf; ,if;wdk@udk vdktyfonfxufydkIxnfhjcif;jzifh ykdrdkpdwfv_yf&Sm;zG,frjzpfap&ef
odk@r[kwf yHk}uD;rcsJ@rdap&ef }udK;yrf;&rnfjzpfonf? tdwfcsftdkifAGD§attdkif'DtufpfESifhywfoufI
owif;a&;om;&mY yHk;}uD;csJ@&ef vGefpGmvG,fulygonf?
tdwfcsftdkifAGD§attdkif'DtufpfESifhywfoufaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;onf wdus&Sif;vif;&

rnfjzpf+yD; ,if;ESifhqufEG,fonfh owif;aqmif;yg;onfvnf; tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdifaeolrsm;
udk rxdckdufapaom/ tm;vHk;twGuformorwfjzpfaom owif;aqmif;yg;rsdK;jzpf&rnf? tcsdK@pm
e,fZif;orm;rsm;taeESifh ‚if;wdk@. owif;aqmif;yg;rsm;onf tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdifaeolrsm;
tm; xdckdufaponfudkrodyJ tdwfcsftdkifAGD§attdkif'DtufpfESifhywfoufI vltrsm;odvmap&ef
om }udK;pm;wifjyavh&Sdonf? xdkodk@wifjyjcif;onf tajctaetrsm;tjym;wGif tqifajyr_&Sdaomf
vnf; tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdifaeolrsm;twGuf a&&SnfwGifajym&Jqdk&Jjzpfvmap&ef wGef;tm;jzpfap
rnfr[kwfyg?
10? aumif;rGefonfh owif;wnfaqmufykH (Good Structure) ? ? b,folvJ/ bmjzpfwmvJ/

b,ftcsdefrSmjzpfwmvJ/ b,fae&mrSmjzpfwmvJ/ bma=umifhjzpfwmvJ/ b,fvdkjzpfwmvJponfh
tajccHpme,fZif;pnf;rsOf;rsm;twdkif; tjrJaqmif&Gufyg? rnfonfhowif;aqmif;yg;udkrqdk jyifqif
&mY ,if;pnf;rsOf;twdkif; ‘b’ ajcmufvHk;twGuf tajzrsm;yg0ifatmif jyifqif&rnfjzpfonf?
owif; aqmif;yg;aumif;wyk'fonf yHkrSeftm;jzifh owif;wyk'fvHk;tm; zGifhcsjyonfh qGJaqmiftm;
aumif;aomed'gef;jzifh tpcsDavh&Sd+yD; ,if;owif;ESifhqufEG,fonfh jzpf&yfwdk/ tudk;tum;rsm;/

aemufcHtcsuftvufrsm;/ jzpfay:wdk;wufr_ESifh &Sif;jycsufwdk@udkrl aemufydkif;pmydk'frsm;wGifxnfh
Production
oGif;avh&Sdonf? owif;aqmif;yg;. aemufqHk;tydkif;onf oufqdkif&mjzpf&yf. tvm;tvm
tajctaeESifh odk@r[kwf pmzwfy&dowftwGuf pOf;pm;p&mtcsdKŒcsefxm;I tqHk;owfavh&Sdyg
onf?
aumif;rGefaomZmwfvrf; owif;aqmif;yg;a&;enf;qdkif&m pOf;pm;p&mrsm;
Zmwfvrf;owif;aqmif;yg;aumif;wyk'f a&;om;jcif;onf vG,fulonfht&mr[kwfyg? r=umc%

qdkovdk rdrdwdk@=uHK&onfrSm rnfonfht&mu ‘Zmwfvrf;aumif;’ [kajym&ef cufcJjcif;yifjzpf
onf? odk@&mwGif zwf+yD;onfhtcgYrlum; aumif;raumif;odvmygonf? tb,fha=umifhenf;?
jzpfEdkifonfrSm Zmwfvrf;ygta=umif;t&m Topic onf rdrdESifh wdkufqdkifaeIaomfvnf;aumif;
odk@r[kwf Zmwfvrf;tm; xl;qef;aom±ªaxmifhtopfrS wifjyxm;ojzifh vGefpGmpdwf0ifpm;zG,fjzpf
aeIaomfvnf;aumif; jzpfEdkifygonf? wcsdefwnf;rSmyif rdrdwdk@pdwf0ifpm;aom Zmwfvrf;owif;
aqmif;yg;rsm;tm;vHk;onf rdrdwdk@pdwfxJwGif tjrJpGJaeonfr[kwfqdkonfudkvnf; 0efcH&rnfjzpf
ygonf?
Zmwfvrf;owif;aqmif;yg;aumif;wyk'fudk zwf+yD;onfhtcgY ‘pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;onf’ [k

rdrdwdk@yxrqHk; rSwfcsufay;=uygonf? pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;onfqkdjcif;rSm ‘TZmwfvrf;udk
zwf&wm aysmfp&mfaumif;onff’ [k t"dy`m,fjyefEdkifygonf? xdkodk@jzpf&jcif;rSm Zmwfvrf;ygt
a=umif;t&monf rdrdwdk@ESifhwkdufqdkifaejcif;wckwnf;a=umifh vHk;0rjzpfEdkifyg? Zmwfvrf;owif;
aqmif;yg;ta&;aumif;olonf ol.pdwf0ifpm;zG,fwifjyyHkESifh rdrdwkd@udk jyHK;aysmfvmatmifzefwD;
Edkifonfhtjyif rdwfaqGwa,mufudkajymjyae[ef pum;ajymyHkpHESifha&;om;xm;onfh ol@Zmwfvrf;
udk qufzwfavav rdrdwdk@udk,frdrdwdk@ Zmwfvrf;.tpdwftydkif;wcktjzpf cHpm;&avavjzpfvm
atmif jyKvkyfEdkifaoma=umifhyg txufygxifjrifcsufudk rdrdwdk@ay;=ujcif;jzpfonf?
pma&;olonf Zmwfvrf;owif;aqmif;yg; a&;om;r_yHkpHxJY Zmwfvrf;.tvif;trdSefudk jznfhpGrf;

Edkifonfhtjyif rdrdZmwfaqmifrsm;. p±kdufrSefudkazmfjyonfh ‚if;wdk@ESifhoufqdkifaomtwdktxGm
ta=umif;t&mav;rsm;udkyg xnfhoGif;Edkifygonf? ,if;twdktxGm tydkif;tpuav;rsm;onf
Zmwfvrf;udk±kyfvHk;ºuGvmaponfhtjyif rdrdZmwfvrf;tm; ysif;&d+iD;aiG@p&mtcsuftvuftajc
cHwifjyr_rS pdwf0ifpm;p&m touf0ifZmwfvrf;wyk'ftjzpfodk@ ajymif;vJapEdkifayonf?
txufazmfjyygta=umif;t&mrsm;onf Zmwfvrf;owif;aqmif;yg;ESifhywfoufI rdrdvdk&mzef

wD;Edkifaom tcsuftvufrsm;jzpfonf? odk@&mwGif Zmwfvrf;owif;aqmif;yg; a&;om;&mY
atmufazmfjyyg enf;ynmqdkif&mpnf;rsOf;rsm;twdkif; vdkufemaqmif&Guf&ef ta&;}uD;onf?

Ò ta=umif;t&maumif; a&G;cs,fyg
Production
Ð us,fjyef@onfh vlr_a&;qdkif&mudpP&yfrsm; txl;ojzifh vwfwavmtjiif;tckHjzpfaeaom udpP

&yfrsm;onf Zmwfvrf;owif;aqmif;yg;a&;&ef aumif;rGefaomta=umif;t&mrsm; jzpfonf? xdk
udpP&yfrsm;tm; rdrdwifjyvdkonfh±ªaxmifhrS wifjyEdkif&eftwGuf jyifqifr_rsm;vkyf&efvnf; vkdtyf
ygonf?
Ð rdrdpdwf0ifpm;aom ta=umif;t&mudka&G;cs,fyg? rdrdpdwfr0ifpm;ygu rdrdpmzwfy&dowf pdwf0if

pm;&ef tcuftcJ&Sdygonf? rdrdpdwf0ifpm;onfh ta=umif;t&monf topfjzpfp&mrvdkyg/ odk@
aomf rdrdcsOf;uyfr_onf topfjzpf&efvdkayonf? rdrda&G;cs,faom udpP&yfrsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;
wifjy+yD;om;udpPrsm; jzpfaeEdkifygonf? rdrdwifjyrnfh udpP&yftwGuf vdktyfonfhtcsuftvuf
rsm;&,l&ef owif;&yfuGuftrSef &SmazGEdkifjcif;onfom rdrdatmifjrifr_. aemufxyftqifhwck
jzpfygonf?
Ð rSwfpkpmtkyfudk tjrJwrf; rdrdESifhtwlxm;yg? rdrd=uHKawG@&onfh tav;xm;zG,faumif;aom

vlyk*d~Kvfrsm;/ ae&mrsm;/ tjzpftysufrsm;ponfwdk@udk tao;pdwfa&;rSwfyg? Zmwfvrf;owif;
aqmif;yg;twGuf pOf;pm;csufonf rnfonfhae&murqdkvmEdkifygonf? rdrdy&dowfESifh rdrdpmapmif
.ypfrSwfudkodjcif;onf rdrdwifjyvdkonfhta=umif;t&m.OD;wnfcsufudk wjznf;jznf;csKH@,lEdkif&ef
tultnDay;ygvdrfhrnf?

Ò aumif;rGefaomed'gef;rGefjzifh pmzwfol.pdwf0ifpm;r_udk t&,lyg/ qufxdef;xm;yg/
Ð a&S@wGifazmfjycJh+yD;onfhtwkdif; ed'gef;aumif;onf rdrdowif;aqmif;yg;twGuf ta&;t}uD;qHk;

jzpfygonf? ,if;onf pmzwfy&dowftm; rdrdwifqufonfh ‘±kyf&Sif’udk v#yfwjyufjyo ouJhodk@
jzpfygonf? rdrd.pmzwfy&dowftm; pGJaqmifEdkif+yD; ‚if;wdk@.pdwf0ifpm;r_udk xdef;xm;Edkifonfhenf;
vrf; rsm;pGm&Sdygonf?
1? qef;qef;jym;jym;wck zefwD;yg? ? rdrdZmwfvrf;aemufydkif;wGif wifjyrnfhta=umif;t&mtao;

pdwf odk@r[kwf ,if;ESifhywfoufonfhoJvGefpudkwifjyjcif;jzifh y&dowfudkpdwf0ifpm;atmifvkyfyg?
2? jyufjyufxifxifjzpfygap? ? tjzpftysufwck odk@r[kwf vlyk*d~Kvfwa,mufta=umif; tao;

pdwfqefqef azmfjya&;om;yg?
3? yk*d~Kvfa&;cHpm;csufrsm; &,lyg? ? tu,fI rdrdtaeESifh tjzpftysufwcktm; rdrdrsufjrif=uHK

awG@&ouJhodk@ yDyDjyifjyifwifjyEdkifygu pmzwfy&dowfonf rdrdjrifovdkrsdK; jrifygvdrfhrnf?
.com
rdpress
ewjew.wo
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Source
100 Media Guide for Reporting HIV&AIDS Picture
Production
4? oufqdkifonfhtudk;tum;? ? ta=umif;t&macgif;pOfrS tudk;tum;wckjzifh tpjyKyg?
Ò ra&;om;rDS rdrdZmwfvrf;udk yHk=urf;azmfyg
Ttvkyfonf pme,fZif;orm;trsm;tjym; txl;ojzifh pme,fZif;ausmif;qif;r[kwfolrsm;

twGuf tvGefcufcJaomt&mwck jzpfEdkifygonf? pme,fZif;orm;rsm;taeESifh udk,fudk,fwdkif
a&;rSwfxm;aom rSwfpkrsm;udk jyefr=unfhawmhbJ OD;aESmufxJwGif&Sdaomtudk;tum;rsm;/ t
csuftvuftao;pdwfrsm;udk toHk;jyKum owif;aqmif;yg;rsm; csufcsif;a&;vdk=uygonf? T
enf;onf vwfwavmjzpfay:onfh udpPESifhywfoufaom owif;aqmif;yg;a&;&mwGif wcgw&H
tqifajyaomfvnf; Zmwfvrf;owif;aqmif;yg;a&;&mY tusdK;r&Sdyg?
tp&Sdv#if tv,fESifh tqHk;vnf; &Sdygonf? odk@aomf ajymoavmuf rvG,fyg? Zmwfvrf;owif;

aqmif;yg;aumif;wyk'ftwGuf Zmwfvrf;zGJ@pnf;r_yHkpHaumif;wck rjzpfrae vdktyfygonf? Zmwf
vrf;owif;aqmif;yg;Y omrefowif;a&;enf; (yd&rpfajymif;jyef) pnf;rsOf;rsdK; rnfonfhpnf;rsOf;
r#r&Sdyg? ,if;tm;±dk;&Sif;aomazmfjrLvm (jzpf&yftpOftwdkif;) a&;om;Edkifygonf? vlyk*~dKvfwOD;w
a,muf.b0Zmwfvrf; odk@r[kwf ae@pOfb0udkazmfjyjcif;onfvnf; rdrdowif;aqmif;yg;udk
tjcm;olrsm;ESifheD;pyfap+yD; rdrdZmwfvrf;udk ±kyfvHk;ºuGaponfh tvGefaumif;rGefaom enf;vrf;wck
jzpfonf?
rdrdowif;aqmif;yg;. OD;wnf&mudkawG@+yD;ygu rnfhonfhtcsuftvuf xnfhoGif; roGif;udk ydkrdk

vG,fulpGm pDpOfEdkifayrnf?
Ò tcsufwcsuf pmwa=umif;/ tcsufwcsuf pmwydk'f
rdrdZmwfvrf;udk yHk=urf;azmf&mY Zmwfvrf;ygacgif;pOfwckcsif;tm; oD;jcm;pmydk'fwckcsif;pDwGif

xnfhoGif;a&;om;&rnfudk owdjyKyg? pmydk'fwckESifhwck tul;tajymif;Y acsmacsmarG@arG@jzpfapa&;
twGuf pmydk'fwckygta=umif;t&monf aemufpmydk'fygta=umif;t&mESifh tquftpyf&Sd&rnf
jzpfonf? pmydk'ftopfwGif tcsuftvuftopfxnfhoifh+yD; ,if;tcsuftvufonf +yD;cJhonfh
pmydk'fygtcsuftvufESifh wpHkw&mqufpyfr_&Sd&rnfjzpfonf? rdrdwifjyvdkaomta=umif;t&m
rsm;onf a&S@oGm;aemufjyefjzpfaeygu rdrdowif;aqmif;yg;.OD;wnf&mudk tm;enf;aponfht
jyif pmzwfoltm; pdwftaESmuft,Suf&aponfomru rdrdy&dowfyg qHk;±ªH;aponf? xdkodk@
jzpfygu rdrday;vdkaomowif;pum;ukd y&dowfxH ta&mufay;Ekdifvdrfhrnf r[kwf?
Ò a&S‹udkoGm;yg

Production
ZmwfuGufudk rnfodk@yifzefwD;apumrl rdrdowif;aqmif;yg;onf a&S@odk@a&G@aom aqmif;yg;rsKd;

jzpf&ygvdrfhrnf? rdrdowif;aqmif;yg;. t&SdefESifh OD;wnf&mwdk@udk o[Zmwjzpfaea&;twGuf
pmzwfy&dowfudk rdrdowif;aqmif;yg;ed*kH;txd vrf;!$efay;&rnfjzpfonf? tu,fI rdrdwifjy
vdkonfh ta=umif;t&mrsm;onf jyef@usJaeygu rdrdowif;aqmif;yg;onf rdrd.&nf&G,fcsufESifh
vGJacsmfoGm;ygvdrfhrnf? (xdkodk@jzpfjcif;onf rdrdY rdrdowif;aqmif;yg;. OD;wnfcsufr&Sdao;[k
t"dy`m,f&onf/ rdrdowif;aqmif;yg;tm; yHk=urf;jyefazmfoifhonf?)
Ò xyfwvJvJwifjyr_udk a&Smif&Sm;yg
tcsuftvufrsm; xyfwvJvJwifjyjcif;ESifh rdrdpOfpm;csufrsm;tm; wckxufydkaompmydk'frsm;

twGif; xnfhoGif;wifjyjcif;wdk@onf rdrdpmzwfy&dowf.tcsdefESifh rdrdowif;aqmif;yg;yg pdwf0if
pm;zG,f owif;tcsuftvufrsm;twGuf ae&mwdk@udkjzKef;wD;&ma&mufygonf? pme,fZif;orm;
rsm;wGif pmzwfy&dowfudkqGJaqmifEdkifrnfh tudk;tum;aumif;/ xifjrifcsufESifh owif;tcsuf
tvufrsm; tvHktavmufr&SdonfhtcgrsdK;Y xyfwvJvJwifjyr_ jzpfEdkifygonf?
tcsuftvufrsm;vdktyfygu ar;cGef;rsm;ar;&ef rdrd.owif;&yfuGufrsm;odk@ tjrJwrf;jyefoGm;

Edkifonfudk owdcsyfapvdkygonf? rdrdtaeESifh owif;aqmif;yg;wyk'fzefwD;&eftwGuf owif;
tcsuftvuf ydkvdktyfonf[k,lqygu r&SufygESifh? rdrd.owif;&yfuGufonf rdrdar;cGef;rsm;udk
vdkvdkvm;vm;ESifh xyftajzay;vdrfhrnfjzpf+yD; vlxkxHodk@ wdus&Sif;vif;aom owif;pum;yg;
Ekdifrnfh owif;aqmif;yg;aumif;wyk'fudkvnf; awG@jrifvdkygvdrfhrnf?
Ò xdk;xGif;^m%fay;yg
Zmwfvrf;owif;aqmif;yg;aumif;wyk'fonf pmzwfy&dowftm; ,if;Zmwfvrf;rS pOf;pm;

p&mwckckjzpfap/ ydkrdkaumif;rGefaom em;vnfr_wckckjzpfap/ tem*wfwGif qufvuftm±kHpdkuf
oifhonfh pdwf0ifpm;zG,fudpP&yfwckjzpfapponfjzifh ‚if;wdk@wpHkw&m avhvm&onf[laom
cHpm;csufwckudk ay;Edkifygonf?
pmzwfoltm;xdkodk@aomcHpm;csufrsdK;udk ay;Edkif&eftwGuf rdrdtaeESifh rdrd.Zmwfvrf;udk owdxm;

I tqHk;owf&rnfjzpfonf? Zmwfvrf;.tqHk;ydkif;tm; wdusonfhed*Hk;csKyfcsuf odk@r[kwf }udKwif
cef@rSef;csufjzifh tqHk;owfp&mrvdkyg? tcsdK@aomZmwfvrf;rsm;wGif pmzwfy&dowfpdwful;Edkif
&ef/ ar#mfvifhEdkif&efESifh cHpm;Edkif&efwkd@wGuf ed*Hk;ydkif;udkzGifhxm;cJhjcif;u ydkaumif;ygonf? aumif;rGef
aomed*Hk;csKyfcsuf jzpfap&eftwGuf rnfonfhpnf;rsOf;r# jyXef;xm;jcif;r&Sdyg? rdrdtaeESifhpmzwf
olcHpm;csufwGif rdrdZmwfvrf;owif;aqmifyg;onf a&Sodk@csDwufaeonf[laom tjrif&Sdvmap

a&;twGufom }udK;yrf;oGm;&efvdkygonf?
Production
owdjyKp&m? ? rnfonfha&;[efESifha&;a&; Zmwfvrf;owif;aqmif;yg;udk p/ v,f/ qHk; usKd;a=umif;
qDavsmfpGm obm0ususa&;om;&rnfjzpfygonf? xdk@a=umifh Zmwfvrf;ZmwfuGufyHkpHaumif;w
ckudk *±kwpdkuf}udKwifjyifqif&ef vGefpGmta&;}uD;vSygonf? pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;aomfjim; pdwf
±ªyfp&mjzpfapaom owif;aqmif;yg;wyk'fonf tqHk;Y rdrdpmzwfy&dowfudk ysif;&dr_ESifhcHjyif;r_
rsm;om ay;ygvdrfhrnf?
ZmwfuGufudk rnfodk‹yif
zefwD;apumrl
rdrdowif;aqmif;yg;onf
a&S‹odk‹a&G‹aom aqmif;yg;rsKd;
jzpf&ygvdrfhrnf?
rdrdowif;aqmif;yg;.
t&SdefESifh OD;wnf&mwdk‹udk
o[Zmwjzpfaea&;twGuf
pmzwfy&dowfudk
rdrdowif;aqmif;yg;ed*kH;txd
vrf;!¸efay;&rnfjzpfonf?

tdwfcsftdkifADG§attdkif'Dtufpf ta&;tom;tokH;tE_ef;yHkpHZ,m;
Useful References
tdwfcsftdkifADG§attdkif'Dtufpf toHk;tE_ef;rsm;onf vlxk.xifjrifcsuf/ t,ltqESifh

oabmxm; rsm;udk yHkpHajymif;Edkifonf? okd‹jzpfI okH;E_ef;aompum;vkH;rsm;onf tjyKoabm
aqmifoifhonf/ tpGJtvrf;rsm;/ t±dk;pGJawG;ac:r_rsm; uif;oifh+yD; rSm;,Gif;aom tmCmw
tpGJtvrf;rsm;udkvnf; rD;avmif&mavyifhovkd rjzpfapoifhay?
tdwfcsftdkifADG§attdkif'Dtufpfta=umif;a&;om;onfhtcg em;vnfvG,fonfh/ a0zefoHk;oyfcsuf

rygonfh pum;vHk;rsm;udkoHk;E_ef;yg? tb,hfa=umifhqkdaomf tdwfcsftdkifADG/ attdkif'DtufpfESifh
ywfoufI okH;E_ef;avh&Sdaom pum;vkH;rsm;/ a0g[m&rsm;Y toa&ysufaponfh/ cGJjcm;ESdrhfcs
qufqHr_jzpfaponfh tawG;tac:rSm;/ tjrifvGJrsm;udk tm;ay;tm;ajr‡mufjyKovkd jzpfay:aumif;
jzpfay:aeEdkifonf? okd‹jzpfI pum;vHk;a&G;cs,f&mwGif *±kwpdkufa&G;cs,fyg?
oifhavsmfonfh toHk;tE_ef; roifhavsmfonfh toHk;tE_ef;

AIDS (attkdif'Dtufpf) Aids odk@r[kwf aids
attdkif'Dtufpfonf t*Fvdyfbmompum;jzifh ckcHr_
usqif;jcif;vuQ%m. twdkaumufa&S›pmvHk;rsm;udk
,lxm;jcif;jzpfonf? t*Fvdyfvdka&;&mwGif
pmvHk;t}uD;rsm;jzifhom a&;yg? pmvkH;tao;rsm;ESifh
pmvkH;aygif;ygu rrSefuefyg?
tdwfcsftdkifAGD attdkif'DtufpfAdkif;&yfpf
“attdkif'DtufpfAdkif;&yfpf” qdkonfrSm r&Sdyg?

attdkif'DtufpfESifhoufqdkifaom Adkif;&yfpfonf vlom;
ckcHtm;usqif;apaomAdkif;&yfpf odk@r[kwf tdwfcsftdkifADG[k
ac:onf?
tdwfcsftdkifADG tdwfcsftdkifADGAdkif;&yfpf
tdwfcsftdkifADGonf vlom;ckcHpGrf;tm;
usqif;apaom Adkif;&yfpf. t*Fvdyfa0g[m&twkdaumuf
jzpfonf? tdwfcsftdkifADG[lonfhpum;vkH;Y
Adkif;&yfpfqdkaompum;yg0if+yD;jzpf&m tdwfcsftdkifADG[kokH;u
vkHavmuf+yD;/ Adkif;&yfpftm; okH;&efrvkdyg?

Useful References
tdwfcsftdkifADGydk;&Sdol§tdwfcsftdkifADGydk; ul;pufcHxm;&ol§ attdkif'Dtufpfa0'em&Sifrsm;§
attdkif'Dtufpf&Sdol (okd‹) aexkdifaeolrsm;§ vlemrsm;
yD'bvsLat§yDt,fvf'bvsLtdwfcsfat
tdwfcsftdkifADGydk;&Sdol trsm;tjym;onf usef;rmaysmf&GifpGm

aexkdifEkdifavh&Sd=uonf? attdkif'Dtufpf&Sdolrsm;onf
tcsdeftwkdif;twmwcktxd usef;rmpGmaexkdifEkdif=uonf?
‚if;wdk@tm; a0'em&Sifrsm; (vlemrsm;) tjzpfowfrSwfjcif;ukd
ESpf+rdK‹csifrS ESpf+rdK‹rnfjzpfonf? a&m*gonf (vlem) [k
okH;E_ef;ygu ‚if;wdk@tm; pGrf;tifcGeftm;rJholrsm;/
‚if;wkd‹b0tm; ‚if;wkd‹udk,fY xdef;odrf;EkdifpGrf;r&Sdolrsm;ozG,f
oabmoufa&mufEdkifygonf?
tdwfcsftdkifADGydk;&Sdol§ attdkif'Dtufpf ul;pufcHxm;&ol

tdwfcsftdkifADGydk; ul;pufcHxm;&ol
attdkif'Dtufpfonf Adkif;&yfpfydk;vnf;r[kwf/
a&m*gvnf;r[kwfyg? ,if;onf ckcHtm;avsmhenf;jcif;a=umifh
0ifa&mufvmaoma&m*grsm;ESifh ul;pufwwfaoma&m*grsm;.
vuQ%mpkjzpfonf? odk@jzpf&m wpHkwa,mufonf
attdkif'Dtufpful;pufjcif; rcH&Edkifay?
attdkif'Dtufpf attdkif'Dtufpfa&m*g
attdkif'Dtufpfonf a&m*gvQ%mpkjzpfonf?
,if;onf vl.ckcHpGrf;tm;pepf ysuf,Gif;oGm;jcif;a=umifh
tcGifhaumif;,l0ifvmonfh tjcm;aom
a&m*gtrsm;tjym;udk &&SdvG,fapjcif;jzpfonf?
attdkif'Dtufpfudk,fYurl a&m*gr[kwfyg?
tdwfcsftdkifADGydk;ESifh aexkdif&Sifoefaeolrsm; attdkif'Dtufpfo,faqmifol

odk@r[kwf tdwfcsftdkifADGydk;&Sdol
rnfolrS attdkif'Dtufpfudk o,faqmifxm;jcif;r&Sdyg?

attdkif'Dtufpf[lonf tdwfcsftdkifADGykd;a=umifh
vl.ckcHtm;pepf ysuf,Gif;oGm;onfhtqifhjzpf+yD;
cE<mudk,fwGif;okd‹ tjcm;aoma&m*grsm;
tvG,fwul ul;pufapEdkifjcif;om jzpfonf?
tdwfcsftdkifADGydk;ESifh aexkdif&Sifoefaeolrsm; attdkif'Dtufpfvlem

odk@r[kwf tdwfcsftdkifADGydk;&Sdol
“attdkif'Dtufpfvlem” [laomtoHk;tE_ef;udk
attdkif'Dtufpf&Sd+yD;olESifh xkdolrS aq;ukor_qdkif&mtajctae
atmufwGif &Sdaev#ifomoHk;yg? trsm;tm;jzifh
attdkif'Dtufpf&Sdolonf vlemjzpfaewwfjcif;r&Sday?

Useful References
attkdif'Dtufpf&Sdjcif; okd‹r[kwf attdkif'Dtufpfom;aumifrsm;

attkdif'DtufpfESifhaexkdifjcif; odk@r[kwf tjypfrJhom;aumifrsm;
attdkif'Dtufpf&Sdolrsm;onf "g;pmcHrsm; r[kwf=uyg? o±kyfazmf[efaqmifaom
wpHkwOD;tm; "g;pmcH[kac:jcif;jzifh xdkoltm; emr0daooersm;
cGeftm;rJhaomtjzpfudk jzpfaponf? tjypfrJh[laom toHk;jyKjcif;udk a&Smifyg?
toHk;tE_ef;udk a&m*gydk;pGJuyfcH&ol uav;i,frsm;ta=umif;
ajymonfhtcgwGifom a,bk,stm;jzihf oHk;avh&Sdonf?
a&m*gydk;&Sdoluav;i,frsm;udk tjypfrJh[koHk;vkdufjcif;jzifh
tjcm;olrsm;udk tjypf&Sdonf[k txifa&mufapEdkifojzifh
cGJjcm;qufqHr_jzpfyGm;aponf?
attdkif'Dtufpf&Sdol§attdkif'DtufpfESifhaexdkifolrsm; attdkif'Dtufpfom;aumif odk@r[kwf

odk@r[kwf yDt,f'bvsLtdwfcsfat a0'emonfrsm;
TtoHk;tE_ef;udk wcgw&HY tjcm;oufa&mufolrsm;

tm;vkH;ukdjcHKI (twlaetazmfrsm;/ rdbrsm;/
apmifha&Smufolrsm;) udk azmfjy&mwGif oHk;avh&Sdonf?
"g;pmcH[laompum;vHk;onf tjyKoabmraqmifay?
ydkrdk±dk;&Sif;aom pum;pkjzpfonfh attdkif'Dtufpf&Sdol[laom
pum;vHk;udkoHk;oifhonf? oifazmfjyvdkaomolwGif
trSefwu,fattdkif'Dtufpf&SdrSomvnf;
attdkif'Dtufpf&Sdol[koHk;yg? tdwfcsftdkifADGydk;&Sdolwdkif;ukd
attdkif'Dtufpf&Sdonf[k ajymIr&?
attdkif'Dtufpf&Sdol§attdkif'DtufpfESifhaexdkifolrsm; attdkif'Dtufpfo,faqmifol
odk@r[kwf yDt,f'bvsLtdwfcsfat
TtoHk;tE_ef;onf tdwfcsftdkifADGESifh attdkif'Dtufpf&Sdolrsm;udk

apmfum;aom/ toa&zsufcsKd;ESdrfaom pum;jzpfonf?
Tpum;vHk;onf vltrsm;udk =uifzufrsm;a&G;cs,fjcif;/
odk@r[kwf toGiftjyiftay:rlwnfjcif;/ odk@r[kwf
attdkif'Dtufpf&Sdxm;onf[k txifjzifh
xkdolrsm;udk a&SmifusOfjcif;jzifh rdrdukd,frdrd attdkif'DtufpfrS
umuG,fEdkifonf[laom oabmoufa&mufaponf?
tdwfcsftdkifADGydk;ul;pufonf§ tdwfcsftdkifADG&onf§ attdkif'Dtufpf&onf?

tdwfcsftdkifADGydk; &Sdvmonf
(attdkif'DtufpfjzpfapEdkifaom Adkif;&yfpfjzpfonfh)
tdwfcsftdkifADGydk; &&Sdjcif;onf attdkif'Dtufpf&&Sdjcif; r[kwfyg?
attdkif'Dtufpfudk r&&SdEdkifovdk/ ul;vnf; rul;pufEdkifyg?

Useful References
tdwfcsftdkifADGydk;ul;pufcH&ol attdkif'Dtufpful;pufcH&ol
vlrsm;onf tdwfcsftdkifADGydk;om ul;pufcH&Edkifonf/

attdkif'Dtufpf r[kwfyg? attdkif'Dtufpfonf
tdwfcsftdkifADGul;puf+yD; jzpfyGm;aom
aemufqHk;tqifhomjzpfonf?
attdkif'Dtufpf&Sdol§&Sdonf§&Sdjcif; attdkif'DtufpfESifh toufiifaejcif;/

attkdif'DtufpfESifhaocgeD;
rnfolrS attdkif'Dtufpfjzifh raoyg?
aojcif;w&m;[lonfht&mrSm usa&mufvmEkdifzG,f&Sdonf/
tb,fha=umifhqkdaomf wOD;wa,mufonf
attdkif'Dtufpftqifhudka&muf&Sdvmaoma=umifhomjzpfonf?
owif;a&;om;azmfjy&mwGif attdkif'DtufpfESifh aoqHk;onf?

wpkHwa,mufonf attdkif'Dtufpfa=umifh 0ifvmonfh
aemufqufwGJa&m*grsm;jzifh aoqHk;onf[k azmfjyu
ydkrdkrSefuefoifhawmfonf?
vlrsm;onf attdkif'DtufpfESifh qufEG,faoma&m*grsm;

odk@r[kwf ckcHtm;usqif;jcif;a=umifh
tvG,fwul0ifa&mufvmaom tjcm;aom tcGifhaumif;,l
ul;pufr_rsm;a=umifh aoqHk;jcif;jzpfonf?
rnfolr# attdkif'Dtufpfjzifh aoqHk;jcif;r&Sdovkd
attkdif'Dtufpfonf a&m*gvnf;r[kwfyg?
vlrsm;onf tdwfcsftdkifADGydk;ul;pufcH&jcif; tusKd;quftjzpf
olwdk@.cE<m&Sd ckcHpGrf;tm;usqif;vmjcif;a=umifh
wDbDa&m*g odk@r[kwf tqkyf¹yGefa&mifaoma&m*grsm;jzifh
aoqHk;jcif;jzpfonf?
tdwfcsftdkifADG§attdkif'Dtufpf&Sdaomuav;rsm;§ attdkif'DtufpfrdbrJhrsm;
tdwfcsftdkifADG&Sdaom uav;rsm;
attdkif'DtufpfESifh qufEG,faoma&m*grsm;a=umifh
rdbESpfyg;vkH;qHk;yg;oGm;aom odk@r[kwf rdbwOD;OD;
qHk;yg;oGm;aom uav;rsm;onf rdbrJhrsm;jzpfonf?
odk@&mwGif olwdk@wGif tdwfcsftdkifADGydk;ul;pufr_ &SdcsifrS&Sdrnf//
attdkif'DtufpfrdbrJhrsm;[laom toHk;tE_ef;onf
tjcm;aomrdbrJhuav;rsm;ESifh olwdk@udk cJGjcm;r_jzpfap.?
olwdk@ESifh tjcm;rdbrJhrsm;. usef;rma&;ESifh
tjcm;oufa&mufaomudpPrsm;rSm twlwlyifjzpf=uonf?
xdk@a=umifh xdkuav;rsm;udk attdkif'DtufpfrdbrJhrsm;[k
oHk;E_ef;jcif;onf csKd;ESdrfr_ESifh cGJjcm;r_udk jzpfaponf?

Useful References
aq;ukor_§attdkif'DtufpfESifhqufEG,faom aq;0g;rsm; attdkif'DtufpftwGuf aq;0g;rsm;

attdkif'DtufpfESifhqufEG,faom aq;0g;rsm;onf
ckcHtm;usqif;r_a=umifh tvG,fwul0ifa&mufvmEkdifaom
wDbDa&m*g/ erdk;eD;,m;uJhokd‹aom tjcm;a&m*grsm;udk
ukowdkufzsufonfh aq;0g;rsm;jzpfonf?
attdkif'Dtufpfonf wckwnf;aom a&m*gr[kwf?
attdkif'DtufpftwGuf oD;jcm;aq;[lI r&Sd?
aq;ukor_§aygif;pyfyl;wJGukonfh aq;0g;rsm; pkaygif;pyfaygif;aq;rsm;

tdwfcsftdkifADG§attdkif'Dtufpf&Sdolrsm;twGuf
aq;0g;rsKd;pHkyg0ifaom ukor_ay;jcif;jzifh
aexkdif&SifoefEkdifaponf?
tdwfcsftdkifADGul;pufr_ wm;qD;umuG,fjcif; wdkufyGJ0ifjcif;§ppfyGJE$Jjcif;§

wkduf,ljcif;§±kef;uefjcif;§csdefudkufAHk;
tdwfcsftdkifADGumuG,fjcif;ESifhywfoufI wcgw&H
ppfyGJqdkif&ma0g[m&rsm; wifpm;okH;E_ef;wwf=uonf? ppfqefonfhtokH;tE_ef;
,if;toHk;tE_ef;rsm;onf vltrsm;udk wdusaomt"dy`m,fudk wifpm;csufrsm;ukd a&Smifyg?
ray;EdkifyJ/ tdwfcsftdkifADG§attdkif'DtufpfESifhywfoufI
csJ‹um;em;vnfr_udk jzpfyGm;aponf?
tdwfcsftdkifADGysH‹yGm;r_§tdwfcsftdkifADG us,fjyef@pGmul;pufr_ uyfqdkufjcif;§

uyfqdk;qdkufa&mufjcif;
tdwfcsftdkifADG okd‹r[kwf attdkif'DtufpfESifhywfoufv#if
tqdk;jrifapaom/ wkefv_yfajcmufcsm;r_jzpfay:apaom
pum;vHk;rsm;udk a&SmifusOfoifhonf? ,if;wdk@udk oHk;E_ef;jcif;jzifh
vltrsm;t=um; ta=umufw&m;rsm;/ cGJjcm;r_rsm;/
csKd;ESdrfqufqHr_rsm;ESifh ar#mfvifhcsufuif;rJhr_rsm;
jzpfyGm;apEdkifonf?
tEœ&m,fuif;I ykdvkHjcHKpdwfcs&aom vdifqufqHjcif; tEœ&m,fuif;I vkHjcHKpdwfcs&aom

umrqufqHjcif;
uGef'Hk;ac: tufzft,fvf ac: vdifwHpGyf=uufaygifudk
oHk;pGJv#ifyif tjcm;tazmfwOD;ESifh umrqufqHjcif;onf
vHk;0O\kH tEœ&m,fuif;+yD[k rqdkEdkif?
uGef;'Hk;rsm;okH;pJGjcif;jzifh tEœ&m,fudk twdkif;twm}uD;rm;pGm
avsmhenf;oGm;apEkdifaomfvnf;
tjynfht0 tEœ&m,fuif;onf[k rqdkEdkifyg?

Useful References
attdkif'Dtufpf aemufqufwGJa&m*grsm; tdwfcsftdkifADGa=umifh aoqHk;onf?
tdwfcsftdkifADGonf aoqHk;r_udk wdkuf±dkufrjzpfapyg?
tdwfcsftdkifADG yÉdypPnf;prf;oyfr_ odk@r[kwf attdkif'DtufpftwGuf

tdwfcsftdkifADGprf;oyfr_ prf;oyfjcif;§attdkif'Dtufpf
"gwfcJGprf;oyfjcif;§
attdkif'Dtufpfudk&SmazGonfh "gwfcGJprf;oyfr_ r&Sdyg? attdkif'DtufpfaoG;ppfjcif;
aoG;xJwGif tdwfcsftdkifADGydk;udkqef@usifonfh yÉdyPnf;rsm;
&Sdr&Sdukdom prf;oyfr_jyKjcif; jzpfonf?
a&m*gydk;ul;pufapEdkifaom trltusifhrsm; a&m*gydk;ul;pufcH&EkdifzG,f&Sdaom

(Oyrm - tumtuG,frJh vdifqufqHjcif;/ tkyfpk
aq;xdk;tyfa0r#oHk;pGJjcif;)§ul;pufcH&aom
vlxktodkif;t0dkif;
rnfonfh vlr_a&;/ bmoma&;/ vlrsKd;/ odk@r[kwf ,Ofaus;r_
tkyfpkur# tjcm;aomtkyfpkrsm;xuf tdwfcsftdkifADG
ydkrdkul;pufcH&EkdifzG,f/ cH&vG,fjcif; r&Sdyg?
a&m*gydk;ul;pufcH&vG,faom tkyfpk[laom
rSm;,Gif;onfhtoHk;tE_ef;onf cGJjcm;r_ESifh t,lvGJr_rsm;udk
jzpfapEdkifonf? xdk@tjyif ul;pufcH&vG,faomtkyfpk[k
owfrSwfrcH&olrsm;udkvnf; olwkd‹vHkjcHKaeonf[k rSm;,Gif;pGm
xifjrifapjcif;jzifh a&m*gydk;ul;pufcH&r_jzpfapEdkifonf?
rnfonfhtkyfpkwGif yg0ifjcif;ryg0ifjcif;ESifhroufqdkifyJ
vlwdk@.tjyKtrl taetxdkifrsm;uom
vlrsm;udk a&m*gydk;ul;pufcH&vG,fulr_ jzpfaponf?
aoG;/ okwfaoG;/ okwfa&=unf/ cE<mudk,frSxGufaom t&nf

rdef;rudk,frSt&nftusd/ rdcifEdk@&nf
udk,fcE<mrSxGufaom t&nfrsm;qdkonfhtay:
±ªyfaxG;pGmem;vnfjcif;onf tdwfcsftdkifAGDtay: em;vnfr_
vGJrSm;apEdkif+yD; ta=umufw&m;wdk;yGm;apouJhodk@
tdwfcsftdkifADG§attdkif'DtufpfESifh aexdkifaeolrsm;tay:
cGJjcm;qufqHr_rsm;udk jzpfapEdkifonf? cE<mudk,frSxGufaom
rnfonfht&nfrsm;wGif (Oyrm- aoG;/ okwfaoG;/
okwf&nf=unf/ rdef;rudk,frS t&nftusdESifh rdcifEdk@&nf)
tdwfcsftdkifADGydk;yg0ifEdkifa=umif; aoaocsmcsm
&Sif;vif;jyoifhonf? tdwfcsftdkifADGydk;onf
cE<mukd,frSxGufaom t&nfrsm;jzpfonfh
wHawG;/ ac|;/ rsuf&nfESifh qD;wdk@rSwqifh ul;pufEkdifjcif;r&Sd?

Useful References
tdwfcsftdkifADGul;pufr_cH&zG,f tvm;tvmrsm;jcif;§ attdkif'Dtufpf&EdkifzG,f

tdwfcsftdkifADGul;pufr_ &&Sdjcif;§tdwfcsftdkifADGydk;ul;pufjcif; tvm;tvm&Sdjcif;§
attdkif'Dtufpful;pufEdkifzG,f
attdkif'Dtufpfonf a&m*gr[kwf? ,if;onf tvm;tvm&Sdjcif;§
a&m*gvQ%mpkom jzpfonf? rnfolr# attdkif'Dtufpf attdkif'Dtufpful;pufjcif;
&&Sdul;puf&ef tvm;tvmrsm;jcif; r&Sd? odk@r[kwf
rnfolr# attdkif'Dtufpfudk vufcHEdkifjcif;r&Sd/ odk@r[kwf
attdkif'Dtufpf ul;pufEdkifjcif;r&Sd//
vlwOD;rSwOD;odk@ tdwfcsftdkifADGydk;om ul;pufEdkifonf?
tazmftrsm;tjym;xm;&Sdjcif;§&Sdol tuef@towfrJh umrqufqHjcif;/

=uHK&mvlESifh umrqufqHjcif;
oHk;oyfcsufygaom/ pGyfpGJr_ygaom pum;vHk;toHk;tE_ef;rsm;udk
a&Smifyg? Oyrm - tuef@towfrJh okd‹r[kwf
=uHK&mvlESifh umrqufqHjcif;/
aoG;a=umrS rl;,pfaq;oGif;oHk;pGJol§ rl;,pfaq;tvGJoHk;ol§

tdkifADGrl;,pfaq;oHk;ol§ rl;,pfaq;xkd;ol§ aq;pGJol§aq;orm;§aq;bJ
xdk;oGif;rl;,pfaq;oHk;pGJol§Oya'rJhrl;,pfaq;0g;
xdk;oGif;okH;pJGolrsm;§w&m;r0ifrl;,pfaq;0g; oHk;pGJolrsm;
aq;pGJol§aq;orm;§aq;tvGJoHk;ol[laom
toHk;tE_ef;rsm;onf qufpyfr_rJhaom toHk;tE_ef;rsm;
jzpfonf? Oya'rJhrl;,pfaq; oHk;pGJr_onf
aq;oHk;pGJol. b0tpdwftydkif;wckomjzpfonf?
aq;bJ/ aq;orm;[laomtoHk;tE_ef;onf
t±dk;pGJowfrSwfoHk;pGJr_rsKd;jzpf+yD; rSefuefr_r&Sday?
a,mufsm;tcsif;csif; umrqufqHol§trftufpftrfrsm; vdifwlqufqHol§[dkrdk§

tajcmuf§*ef'l;§*s,f
vdifwlqufqHol[laom toHk;tE_ef;onf urBmhae&ma'o
tawmfrsm;rsm;ESifh EkdifiHtrsm;tjym;twGuf
oifhawmfavsmufywfonfh pum;vHk;r[kwfay? ,if;onf
taemufwdkif;t,ltq owfrSwfcsufwckomjzpfonf?
urBm@ae&mtrsm;tjym;wGif
a,mufsm;csif;vdifqufqHolrsm;udk tajcmufrsm;§vdifwl
qufqHolrsm;tjzpf oD;oD;oef@oef@
rSwf,lxm;jcif; cJGJjcm;jcif; r&Sday?
vrf;ab;tvkyform; okd‹r[kwf vrf;ay:tvkyform; jynfhwefqm

vrf;ab;tvkyform;[laom a0g[m&onf umrvkyfief; ¡bmomjyefolrSwfcsuf -
vkyfaqmifolrsm;[lI ,lqIr&? Tokd‹,lqygu t*FvdyftokH;tE_ef;wGif StreetWalker
*k%foduQmxdyg;apmfum;onfomru qkdonfrSm jynfhwefqmukd
rSm;,Gif;aomt,ltqudk jzpfay:apEdkifonf? qkdvkdjcif;jzpfonf?¢

Useful References
vdiftvkyform;rsm;§pD;yGm;jzpf cE<mukd,fa&mif;olrsm; zmonf§vdkif;§ jynfhwefqm
okd‹r[kwf pD;yGm;jzpfvkyfonfh vdiftvkyform;rsm;
“zmonf” [laompum;vkH;onf oduQmrJh/ apmfum;r_udk

jzpfaponfhtjyif wefzkd;0efzdaompum;vkH;jzpfonf?
tdwfcsftdkifADGydk;r&Sdolrsm;/ (EdkifiH) rS vlrsm;tm;vkH;/ taxGaxGjynfolvlxk

tar&duefvlrsKd;rsm;tm;vkH;/
ta&S@tmz&duwdkufom;rsm;tm;vkH;/
uifnmEdkifiHom;rsm; ponfjzifh -
taxGaxGjynfolvlxk[laom toHk;tE_ef;udkoHk;jcif;jzifh
tcsKd@aomvltkyfpkrsm;/ tcsKd@aomvlOD;a&rsm;onf
taxGaxGjynfolvlxkxJwGif ryg0ifouJhodk@ jzpfaponf?
,if;onf rodvdkufrodzmom urBmhjynfolrsm;udk
tdwfcsftdkifADGydk;&Sdolrsm;/ tdwfcsftdkifADGydk;ul;pufEdkifzG,f&Sdol
odk@r[kwf tdwfcsftdkifADGydk; r&Sdolrsm;udk
cGJjcm;vdkufouJhodk@jzpfonf?
,if;onf tdwfcsftdkifADGul;pufr_udk t"dujzpfaponfh
trltusifhxuf/ vlrsKd;/ tkyfpktrsKd;tpm;
owfrSwfcsufudk jzpfaponf?
rSwfcsuf? ,cktoHk;tE_ef;yHkpH &&SdEdkifa&;twGuf yg0ifulnDay;cJh=uaom tifwme,l;pf Internews/

udkifZmrdom;pkazmifa';&Sif; Kaiser Family Foundation / =opa=w;vsattdkif'DtufpftzGJ@
csKyf Australian Federation of AIDS Organization/ tar&dueftoH Voice of America ESifh
tmz&dueftrsKd;orD;rsm; owif;rD'D,mXme African Women's Media Center rsm;udk txl;
aus;Zl;wif&Sdygonf?

Useful References
tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpf cufqpft"dy`g,f
AA
Ò Abstinence ¡toHxGuf - tufbfpwif;eef@pf¢
a&Smif&Sm;jcif;
vdifr_qufqHjcif;ukda&Smif=uOfjcif; (0g) yxrOD;qkH; vdifr_qufqHjcif;jyKonfh touft&G,fukd

a&$›qkdif;xm;jcif;ukd qkdvkdonf? wcsdefwnf;Y ‘atbDpD’ [k t*Fvdyfvkd twkdaumufac:onfhtcg
wGifvnf;tokH;jyKonf? jrefrmvkdt"dy`g,fY ‘at’qkdonfrSm vdifr_qufqHjcif;tm; a&Smif&Sm;
&ef/ ‘bD’ qkdonfrSm rdrdcspfolcifyGef;ZeD;r,m;tay: opPm&Sd&efESifh ‘pD’ qkdonfrSm uGef'kH;tokH;
jyK&efwkd@yifjzpfonf?
Ò Accidental exposure or transmission ¡toHxGuf - tufufpD'efw,f tufZfykd&Sm atmf

x&efpRpf&Sif;¢
rawmfwq xdawG‹&&SdoGm;jcif; (0g) rawmfwq ul;pufrdoGm;jcif;
usef;rma&;vkyfief;Xmeae&mrsm;twGif; jzpfyGm;wwfonfh ul;pufoGm;jcif;ukdqkdvkdonf? Oyrm

– aq;xkd;tyfESihf xd&SrdI &oGm;onfh'%f&mrS ul;pufoGm;jcif;?
Ò Acute HIV infection ¡toHxGuf – tusL@ tdwfcsftkdifAGD tufzufuf&Sif¢

tdwfcsftkdifAGDtonf;toeful;pufr_
tdwfcsftkdifAGDul;pufcH&+yD;+yD;csif; vlwkd@.cE<mukd,ftwGif; Akdif;&yfpfykd;trsm;qkH;&Sdaeonfh tcsdefESifh

ul;pufr_tjrifhqkH;jzpfonfhtcsdefukd qkdvkdjcif;jzpfonf? tqkdyg tonf;toeful;pufr_tcsdeft
wkdif;twmrSm &uftenf;i,ftwGif;rSonf &ufowWywf tawmfrsm;rsm;=umonfhtcsdeftxd
jzpfyGm;Ekdifayonf? xkdtcsdeftwGif; tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd;yGm;rsm;r_tvsiftjrefqkH;jzpfonfhtjyif tjcm;
olrsm;ukdvnf;ul;pufysH›yGm;r_ trsm;qkH;jzpfwwfonfhtcsdefvnf;jzpf.? tddwfcsftkdifAGDtonf;
toeful;pufr_ukd t*Fvdyfvkdtwkdaumuf yDtdwfcsftkdif[kac:onfh rlvtdwfcsftkdifAGDul;pufr_
primary HIV infection [kvnf;ac:onf?
Ò Affected community ¡toHxGuf - tzufwuf uGefjrLeDwD¢

ul;pufcH&onfhvlxktokdif;t0kdif;

Useful References
tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfESifh aexkdifaeolrsm;ESifh/ olwkd@ESifh ywfouf&mywfoufa=umif;
jzpfonfh rdom;pkrsm;/ rdwfaqGoli,fcsif;rsm;ukd qkdvdkonf? xkdrdom;pkrsm;ESifh rdwfaqGoli,fcsif;
rsm;rSm tdwfcsftkdifAGDul;pufr_ESifh tqkdygul;pufr_rS jzpfyGm;vmonfh ±kyfykdif;qkdif&m/ vlr_a&;ykdif;qkdif
&m/ pdwfcHpm;r_ykdif;qkdif&mwkd@. tusKd;qufta=umif;qufrsm; oufa&mufr_ukdygcH&onfh tokdif;
t0kdif;jzpfonf?
Ò AIDS ¡toHxGuf – ath'fpf¢

attkdif'Dtufpf
vl@cE<mukd,ftwGif; tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd; 0ifa&mufvmonfhtcg ukd,fcHtm;ukd tm;enf;usqif;ap

onfhtjyif xkdtm;enf;aeonfhtcsdefY a&m*gtcsdK@ (0g) uifqma&m*gtcsKd@ukd jzpfyGm;apwwf
onfhtcsdefrsKd;wGif attkdif'Dtufpf Acquired Immuno-deficiency Syndrome jzpfyGm;wwf
onf?
Ò AIDS-defining illness ¡toHxGuf – attkdif'Dtufpf 'Dzkdif;eif;ef tJvfeufpf¢

attkdif'Dtufpftqifhjzpfvmaponfh rusef;rmr_
tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd;rS&onfh a&m*g.aemufqkH;tqifhrsm;Y jzpfyGm;wwfonfh tajctaeESifh attkdif'D

tufpftqifhokd@ a&mufawmhrnf[k tajctaeukdjyoonfh vuQ%mtajctaersm;ukdqkdvkday
onf? ykHrSeftm;jzifh vltrsm;tjym;onf ul;pufcH&+yD;jzpfonfqkdjcif;ukd Ttqifha&mufrSom
odvmwwf=uonf?
Ò AIDS Dementia Complex or ADC ¡toHxGuf– attkdif'Dtufpf 'Dref;&Sm;uGefyvufZf¢

attkdif'Dtufpfa=umifhjzpfyGm;onfh OD;aESmufxdckduf'%f&m&r_ (0g) pdwfazmufjyefr_
attkdif'Dtufpfa=umifhjzpfyGm;onfh OD;aESmufxdcdkuf'%f&m&r_ (0g) pdwfazmufjyefr_ukd tdwfcsf

tkdifAGDa=umifh jzpfyGm;onfh pdwfazmufjyefr_[kvnf; trsm;od=uonf? xkdtajctaerSm tdwfcsf
tkdifAGDykd; OD;aESmufxJtxd 0ifa&mufvm+yD; xkdvl.pdwfykdif;qkdif&mpGrf;&nfukdyg usqif;aponfh
tajctaejzpfonf?
Ò Antenatal ¡toHxGuf – tefwJaew,fvf¢

rD;rzGm;cif (0g) uav;rarG;cifjzpfyGm;wwfaom
rD;rzGm;cif (0g) rsufESmrjrifcif (0g) uav;rarG;cif jzpfyGm;jcif;ukd qkdvkdonf?

Useful References
Ò Antibodies ¡toHxGuf – tefwDabmf'D;pf¢

a&m*gumuG,fay;aom yËdypPnf;
yËdypPnf;qkdonfrSm vl@cE<mukd,ftjyifbufrS 0ifa&mufvmwwfavh&Sdaom a&m*gykd;r$m;rsm;

jzpfonfh bufwD;&D;,m;ESifh Akdif;&yfpfykd;rsm;ukd &SmazG+yD;onfhtcg wkdufxkwfzsufqD;ay;wwfonfh
cE<mukd,fwGif;&Sd armfvDusL;rsm;jzpfonf? ykHrSeftdwfcsftkdifAGDykd; ppf;oyfppfaq;csufrsm;rSmtqkdyg
tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd; wkdufxkwfay;Ekdifaom yËdypPnf;rsm; vl.aoG;xJY &Sdr&Sdukd&SmazG prf;oyfay;avh
&Sdonf?
Ò Antiretroviral Therapy or ART ¡toHxGuf – tefwD&Dx±kdAkdif&,fvf oD&myD atmf

attm&fwD¢
a&m*gykd;r$m;wkdufzsufa&;ukxkH; (0g) attm&fwD
attm&fwDqkdonfrSm a&m*gykd;r$m;rsm;ukd wkdufzsufxkwfay;aom aq;0g;rsm;yg0ifonfh aq;uk

or_rsm;ukd qkdvkdayonf? Taq;0g;rsm;rSm t"dutm;jzifh tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd;ukd wkdufxkwfEkdif&ef
txl;azmfpyfxm;onf/ (0g) a&m*gykd;. ykHwlul;Ekdifr_pGrf;&nfukd =um;0ifay;onfh aq;0g;rsm;yif
jzpfonf? Taq;0g;rsm;jzifh ukor_atmifjrifonfqkdygu attkdif'Dtufpftqifhxd ra&mufvm
atmif ESpfrsm;pGm=umxd tcsdefqJGxm;ay;Ekdifavonf?
Ò Asymptomatic ¡toHxGuf – tpifrfwkdrufwpf¢

a&m*gt&dyfvuQ%mrjyol
vlwOD;onf ol@YtdwfcsftkdifAGDykd;&Sdonfukd a&m*g. t&dyfvuQ%mrsm;/ a&S›ajy;edrdwfrsm;rjyygu

ol@ukd a&m*gvuQ%mrjyol[k qkd&rnfjzpfonf? okd@jzpf&m Tokd@t&dyfvuQ%mrjyonfhtcsdefrSm
ul;pufr_jzpfyGm;onfhtcsdefrSpI ESpfrsm;pGmtxd =um&SnfEkdifovkd TtajctaersKd;Y Akdif;&yfpf
ykd;ul;pufr_ txl;jzpfyGm;Ekdifayonf?
CC
Ò Care and Treatment ¡toHxGuf – cJ,f tef'f x&dref@wf¢
apmifha&SmufjyKpkjcif;ESifh ukor_
apmifha&SmufjyKpkjcif;ESifh ukor_[lonf a&m*gykd;r$m;wkdufzsufukxkH;/ cHEkdif&nfpGrf;tm;enf;aeonf

ukd tcGifhaumif;,lI 0ifa&mufvmEkdifonfh a&m*gul;pufr_rsm;ukd ukoay;r_ESifh }udKwifumuG,f
Useful References
ay;r_/ tm[m&&Sdatmif axmufulay;r_/ pdwfykdif;qkdif&m/ tokdif;t0kdif;qkdif&m taxmuftul
jyKr_ponfh enf;rsm;pGmwkd@tygt0if tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfESifh aexkdifaeolrsm;twGuf
taxmuftuljzpfaponfh =um;0ifukoay;r_tm;vkH;ukd qkdvkdayonf?
Ò CD4 (T4) cell ¡toHxGuf – pD'Dzkd; (wDzkd;) qJvf¢

pD'Dzkd; (wDzkd;) uvmyfpnf;
Tuvmyfpnf;rsm;onf cE<mukd,ftwGif;0ifa&mufvmaom a&m*gul;pufr_ukd qef@usifwkduf

ckdufonfh ukd,fcHwkef@jyeftm;ukd xdef;csKyfay;xm;+yD; tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd;u yxrOD;qkH;ypfrSwfxm;
zsufqD;avh&Sdonfh uvmyfpnf;rsm;vnf;jzpfonf? Tuvmyfpnf;rsm;twGif; tdwfcsftkdifAGD
ykd;u ajrmufjrm;pGmyGm;rsm;Ekdif+yD; aemufqkH;Y tvkH;pkHacsr_ef;zsufqD;Ekdifayonf? tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifh
ywfoufI a&m*gtajctae ykdrkdqkd;&Gm;vmjcif;&Sdr&Sdukd pD'Dzkd;uvmyfpnf;rsm;. ta&twGufukd
=unfhI od&Sdwkdif;wmEkdif.? vlwa,mufonf pD'Dzkd;uvmyfpnf;ta&twGuf enf;vmavav/
tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhywfoufaom a&m*gtajctae ykdrkdqkd;&Gm;vmavjzpf.?
Ò Clinical Trial ¡toHxGuf – uvifepfu,f x±kdif,,fvf¢

aq;ynmykdif;qkdif&m vufawG‹prf;oyfjcif;
aq;ukor_wck. vkHjcHKr_/ tpGrf;xufxda&mufr_ESifh aq;0g;.tusKd;qufwkd@ukd ody`Henf;usus

avhvmqef;ppfonfh aq;ynmykdif;qkdif&m vufawG@prf;oyfjcif;ukd qkdvkdayonf? rnfonfh
aq;0g;ukor_rsKd;rqkd vlom;rsm;twGuf okH;aqmifEkdifonf[k vufcHtwnfjyKjcif;r&&SdcifY
aq;ynmykdif;qkdif&m vufawG@prf;oyfonfh tqifhaygif;rsm;pGmukd jzwfausmf&ayonf?
Ò CNN ¡toHxGuf – pDtifeftifef¢

pDtifeftifef
pD – uGef'kH;tokH;jyKjcif;/
tifef – oef@&Sif;aom aq;xkd;tyfukdtokH;jyKjcif;/
tifef – aphpyfaqG;aEG;EkdifpGrf;&nf/
pDtifeftifefenf;vrf;rsm;rSm vlwkd@.oabmxm;tjyKtrl ajymif;vJa&;aqmif&Guf&mY csOf;uyfr_
wcktjzpf tokH;jyK+yD; tdwfcsftkdifAGDul;pufjyef@yGm;r_tm; }udKwifumuG,fa&; }udK;yrf;aqmif&Guf
csufrsm;Y txufazmfjyygenf;vrf;rsm;tm; txl;y"mexm; tokH;jyK=uonf?
Ò Combination Therapy ¡toHxGuf – uGefbkdifae;&Sif; oD&myD¢

a&maESmaygif;pyfa&m*gukxkH;
Useful References
a&m*gykd;r$m;wkdufzsufa&;ukxkH;&Sd ESpfrsKd; (0g) ESpfrsKd;xufykdaom aq;0g;rsm;ukd tokH;jyKukojcif;ukd

qkdvkdygonf? xkdrSwqifh Taq;0g;rsm;rS okH;rsKd;xufykdaom a&m*gykd;r$m;wkdufzsufa&;ukxkH;
udk aygif;pyftokH;jyKygu t*Fvdyfvkdtwkdaumuf ‘tdwfcsfatattm&fwD’ highly active
antiretroviral therapy (HAART) [kac:+yD;/ jrefrmvkd tpGrf;xufa&m*gykd;r$m;wkdufzsufa&;uk
xkH;[k ac:qkdEkdifygonf?
Ò Complementary and alternative therapies ¡toHxGuf – uGefyvDrefx&D tef'f

atmfwmaewpfAf oD&myD;pf¢
tpyfwnfhvkdufzufI orm;±kd;usr[kwfaom ukxkH;rsm;
TukxkH;rsm;onf taemufwkdif;aq;0g;ynmrsm;twGif; tokH;jyKukoavh&Sdaom orm;±kd;us

ukxkH;rsm;r[kwfyJ ,if;wkd@.jyify&Sd ukxHk;rsm;ukdqkdvkdayonf? TukxkH;rsm;tokH;jyKI tdwfcsf
tkdifAGDul;pufr_tm; }udK;pm;umuG,f&mwGif rnfIrnfr#xda&mufr_&Sdonfukdrl vufcHtwnfjyK
xm;jcif;r&Sdao;ay?
Ò Condoms ¡toHxGuf – uGef'rfpf/ jrefrmrsm;url Tpum;vkH;ukd uGef'kH; [kac:ovkd uGef'kH;

[kyif todrsm;=uonf?¢
(umrqufqHcsdefwGifokH;aom) vdifwHom;a&pGyf/ uGef'kH;
uGef'kH;qkdonfrSm vdifqufqHpOfwGif a,mufsm;.vdifwHYpGyfI qufqHonfh &mbmap;jzifhjyKvkyf

xm;onfh vdifwHom;a&pGyf (0g) vdifwHpGyfjzpf+yD; tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifh tjcm;aom vdifqufqHjcif;jzifh
&&SdEkdifonfha&m*grsm;tm; }udK;pm;umuG,f&mY TvdifwHpGyf pGyfI vdifqufqHjcif;jzifh txl;um
uG,fEkdifonf[k ody`Hynm&Sifrsm;ESifh aq;ynmu|rf;usifolrsm;u vufcH,lqxm;=uonf?
Ò Cross resistance ¡toHxGuf – ca&mhpf &DppPwef@pf¢

jyefvSefwkdufckdufckcHtm;
aq;0g;wrsKd;tm; tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd;u jyefvnfawmfvSefckcHonfhtcg (aq;0g;rsm;.jyefvSefckcHtm;

Yvnf; zwf±ªEkdifygonf) tjcm;a&mpyfaygif;pnf;ukaeonfh trsKd;tpm;wlaq;0g;rsm;ukdyg jyef
vnfawmfvSefckcHr_ukd tpazmfay;vkdufovkd jzpfoGm;jcif;yif? Oyrmay;&v#if eDAkdif&mykdif;aq;
tm; Akdif;&yfpfykd;u jynfvnfawmfvSefckcH&mrS trsKd;tpm;wlaq;jzpfonfh tDzgAkdif&ifhZfaq;ukdyg
Akdif;&yfpfykd;u jyefvnfwGef;vSefvmjcif;yifjzpfonf?

DD
Useful References
Ò Drug interaction ¡toHxGuf – '&yf*f tifwmtuf&Sif¢
aq;0g;rsm;t=um; tjyeftvSefwkH‹ jyefr_jzpfyGm;jcif;
cE<mukd,ftwGif;Y aomufvkdufonfhaq;wrsKd;rS tjcm;aq;wrsKd;twkdif; vkdufvHajymif;vJvkyf

aqmifvmonfh tajctaeukd qkdvkdjcif;jzpfonf? Tokd@ aq;0g;rsm;t=um; tjyeftvSefwkH@jyefr_
jzpfyGm;jcif;rSm xkdaq;.tusKd;tmedoifukd wufvmEkdifapovkd usoGm;EkdifaponfhtEœ&m,fvnf;
&Sd+yD; ab;xGufqkd;usKd;rsm;ukdvnf; ay;aumif;ay;vmEkdifonf?
Ò Drug resistance ¡toHxGuf – '&yf*f &DppPwef@pf¢

aq;0g;rsm;. jyefvSefckcHtm;
cE<mukd,ftwGif; tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd; ckcHwkdufckdufaeonfh aq;0g;rsm;&SdaevsufESifh xkdykd;u wykHpHwnf;

&Sdaom tjcm;tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd; xyfrHxkwfvkyfEkdifonfhtpGrf;ukd qkdvkdjcif;jzpfonf? ‘tdwfcsfat
attm&fwD’ac: tpGrf;xuf a&m*gykd;r$m;wkdufzsufa&;ukxkH;ukd vufcHukor_cHaeolrsm;Y vuf&Sd
ukoay;aeaomaq;0g;rsm;ukd jyefvnfckcHwGef;vSefEkdifonfomru tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd; ADZrsKd;opf
wckukdyif ajymif;vJxkwfvkyfvkdufEkdifonfh tpGrf;&Sdaeavonf?
Ò Dry sex ¡toHxGuf – '±kdif; qufufZf¢

ajcmufaoG‹aomvdifqufqHr_
tmz&duwdkuf. tcsKd@ae&ma'orsm;&Sd trsKd;orD;rsm;onf vdifqufqHr_rjyKcifY trsKd;orD;

t*FgZmwfwGif; ‘ajcmufaoG@’ atmif ypPnf;ypP,rsm;tcsKd@ukd okH;avhokH;x&Sdavonf? Tokd@
vkyfaqmifjcif;rSm ,Ofaus;r_qkdif&m ,kH=unfr_rsm;a=umifh jzpfaomfvnf; tdwfcsftkdifAGDul;pufEkdifr_
ukd tr_rJhtrSwfrJhtjzpf ykdrkdjzpfyGm;apEkdifayonf? tb,fha=umifhqkdaomf ajcmufaoG@aeygu
yGwfwkdufr_tm;ykdrsm;I uGef'kH;aygufjyJEkdifovkd vdifqufqHaepOfumvtwGif; ajcmufaoG@aeaom
trsKd;orD; t*FgZmwftwGif;Y pkwfjywf&efESifh aygufjyJ'%f&m&&ef ykdrkdvG,fulaponf?
EE
Ò Efficacy ¡toHxGuf – tufzfzDaupD¢
tpGrf;xufr_

Useful References
yrm%tm;jzifh rnfr#avmuf&Sdap aq;0g;wrsKd; (0g) ukor_wrsKd;rsKd;. ukoEkdifpGrf;onfht&nf

taoG;tm; wkdif;wmcsufukd qkdvkdonf? Oyrm – a&m*gykd;r$m;wkdufzsufa&;ukxkH;. tpGrf;xufr_
onf tusKd;trsm;qkH;jzpf+yD; Taq;0g;tm; rnfa&G@rnfr#txd aomufokH;aeonfukd xnfhoGif;
pOf;pm;p&mrvkday?
Ò Endemic ¡toHxGuf – tifef'Jrpfuf¢

wkdif;jynf/ a'o/ vlpktvkdufjzpfyGm;wwfaoma&m*g
yx0Da'owcktwGif; (0g) vlOD;a&tkyfpkwpktwGif; tjrJvkdvkd &Sdaeavh jzpfavh awG@&avh &Sdonfh

a&m*gwrsKd; (0g) a&m*gul;pufEkdifonfh ypPnf;wckckukd qkdvkdygonf?
Ò End-stage disease ¡toHxGuf – tef@'f-pwdwf*sf 'DZdpf¢

aemufqkH;tqifha&m*g
tdwfcsftkdifAGDul;puft+yD; jzpfyGm;wwfonfhtqifh av;qifh&Sdavonf/ ,if;wkd@rSm tdwfcsftkdifAGDt

onf;toeful;pufr_/ a&m*gt&dyfvuQ%mrjyjcif;/ emwm&SnfvQ%mESifh attkdif'Dtufpftqifh
wkd@yifjzpf=uonf? attkdif'Dtufpfonf tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd;a=umifh&&Sdaoma&m*g. aemufqkH;tqifh
a&m*g[kqkdaomfvnf; oifhavsmfukdufnDonfh aq;0g;ukxkH;rsm;ESifh ukoay;rnfqkdygu attkdif
'Dtufpftqifhxda&mufonfukd ppfaq;awG@&Sd+yD;onfhaemufykdif;wGifyif ESpf&Snfvrsm;pGm touf
&SifaexkdifEkdifayonf?
Ò Epidemic ¡toHxGuf – tufyD'Jrpfcf¢

ul;pufa&m*g
ae&mwae&m (0g) tcsdefwcsdeftwGif; vlwpkt=um; xifxm;onfxuf a&m*gykdrkdjzpfyGm;r_ukd

qkdvkdonf?
• tedrfhqkH;tqifh – taxGaxGjynfolvlxkt=um; tdwfcsftkdifAGDul;pufysH›ESH›r_ enf;ae+yD; ul;pufEkdif
zG,f&m tvm;tvmykd&Sdonfh vlxkvltkyfpk tqifht=um;wGifvnf; ysH›ESH›r_rSm enf;aejcif;udk qkd
vkdonf?
• jyif;xefaomtqifh –taxGaxGjynfolvlxkt=um; tdwfcsftkdifAGDysH›ESH›r_E_ef; 1 &mckdifE_ef;xuf
rykdaomfvnf; (Oyrmtm;jzifh vdiftvkyform;rsm;t=um;/ aq;xkd;tyfokH;I rl;,pfaq;0g;okH;pJG
olrsm;t=um;ESifh a,mufsm;om;rsm;tcsif;csif; vdifqufqHolrsm;t=um;) ponfh vlxktkyfpkt
qihfrsm;wGifrl tdwfcsftkdifAGDysH›ESH›r_E_ef; 5 &mckdifE_ef;xuf ausmfvGefonfhtqifhukd qkdvkdonf?
• a,bk,stqifh – taxGaxGjynfolvlxkrsm;t=um; tdwfcsftkdifAGDysH›ESH›r_E_ef; 5 &mckdifE_ef;xuf

ausmfvGefjzpfyGm;onfukd qkdvkdonf?
Useful References
FF
Ò Female condoms ¡toHxGuf – zD;ar;vf uGef'rfpf¢
trsKd;orD;okH;uGef'kH;
trsKd;orD;okH;uGef'kH;rSm c|JqDygonfh ykdvD,l&odef;yvwfpwpftm; tpGyfozG,fvkyfxm;+yD; vdif

qufqHr_rjyKcif trsKd;orD;t*FgZmwfwGif; xnfhI&atmif wzufwcsufYuGif;wyfxm;onfh
trsKd;orD;okH;tpGyfukd qkdvkdonf? TtpGyfukd vdifqufqHr_rjyKcif 8 em&Dumv=um tcsdef
avmufuwnf;u xnfhxm;I&+yD; qufqH+yD;+yD;csif; okwf&nfxGufonfESifh xkdtpGyfukd xkwf
ypfvkduf&ef rvkdtyfay? TtpGyfrSm tdwfcsftkdifAGD}udKwifumuG,fa&;. enf;rsm;xJY trsKd;orD;
rsm;twGuf xdef;csKyfvkyfukdifEkdifcGifhukd tay;qkH;aomenf;jzpfonf?
Ò Fixed dose combination (FDC) ¡toHxGuf – zpfufZf'f 'kd@pf uGefbkdifae;&Sif; (tufzf'DpD)¢

aq;0g;rsm;aygif;I azmfpyfxm;onfh aq;vkH; (tufzf'DpD)
aq;0g;rsm;aygif;I azmfpyfxm;onfhaq;vkH;qkdonfrSm Oyrm a&m*gykd;r$m; wkdufzsufa&;ukxkH;rsm;

tm; aq;vkH;wvkH;xJjzpfatmif aygif;pyfxkwfvkyfxm;onfh aq;ukdqkdvkdonf? TuJhokd@aom
aq;vkH;rsm;ukd aiGa=u;t&if;tjrpftm;jzifh tuef@towf&Sdonfh ae&mtcgrsm;wGif vufawG@
usus tokH;jyKEkdifayonf?
GG
Ò Generic ¡toHxGuf - *seJ&pfuf¢
a,bk,strnfwl
aq;0g;wrsKd;onf wHqdyfeHrnf&Sd+yD;om;jzpfaom tjcm;aq;0g;wrsKd;ESifh ykHpHwl (0g) ZD0tpGrf;t&

yrm%wl/ aomufokH;&onfhyrm%wl/ vkHjcHKpdwfcs&jcif;vnf;wl+yD; tmedoifpGrf;vnf; wlonfh
tjyif rnfokd@rnfykHaomufokH;&rnf/ rnfokd@rnfykHtusKd;&SdonfESifh tb,fha=umifh Taq;0g;ukd
okH;&onf ponfhtcsufrsm; wlnDaomaq;0g;ukd qkdvkdonf?
Ò Global Fund ¡toHxGuf - *vkdb,fvf zef'f¢

urBmvkH;qkdif&m &HykHaiGtzJG‹ }uD;
Useful References
urBmvkH;qkdif&m&HykHaiGtzJG@}uD;ukd 2002 ckESpfu attkdif'Dtufpf/ wDbDa&m*gESifh iSufzsm;a&m*gwkd@

tm;wkdufzsuf&ef wnfaxmifcJh=u+yD; ,if;tzJG@}uD;xJtwGif; tpkd;&rsm;/ woD;yk*~vrsm;ESifh ouf
a&mufcH&ol vlxktokdif;t0kdif;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;zJG@pnf;xm;aom tzJG@}uD;jzpfonf? xkdtzJG@}uD;rS
wkd;wufzGH@+zdK;qJEkdifiHrsm;twGif; attkdif'Dtufpf/ wDbDESifh iSufzsm;a&m*gwkd@tm; wkdufzsufEkdif&ef
twGuf aiGa=u;taxmuftul xkwfay;onfhtzJG@vnf;jzpf.?
HH
Ò Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) ¡toHxGuf – [kdufuvD; tufufwpfAf
tefwD&Dx±kdAkdif&,fvf oD&myD (tdwfcsfatattm&fwD)¢
tpGrf;xufa&m*gykd;r$m;wkdufzsufa&;ukxkH;
tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd;. tpdwftykdif;wcsKd@tm; wkdufzsufxkwfEkdifonfh a&m*gykd;r$m;wkdufzsufa&;ukxkH;

okH;rsKd;ESifh okH;rsKd;txufaygif;pyfxm;onfh ukor_ (0g) xkdukor_ESifh tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd; aoG;uvyfpnf;
rsm;xJokd@ r0ifEkdifatmif &yfwef@ay;Ekdifavonf? Tukor_onf tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd;tm; tvkH;pkHy
aysmufatmifrvkyfEkdifyJ tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd;u qufvufI ykHwlyGm;aeEkdifaomfvnf; ykHwlul;ysH›yGm;r_
aES;usoGm;atmif vkyfEkdifpGrf;&Sdonf?
Ò Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) ¡toHxGuf – [sL;ref; tDrsLEkd'JzD&SefpD Akdif;&yfpf

(tdwfcsftkdifAGD)¢
vlom;ckcHtm;usqif;apaoma&m*gykd;r$m;
T vlom;ckcHtm;usqif;apaom a&m*gykd;r$m;onf attkdif'Dtufpfjzpfapaom a&m*gykd;r$m;jzpf

onf? t*Fvdyfvkdtwkdaumuf tdwfcsftkdifAGD[kac:+yD; ,if;ukd ul;pufcHxm;&+yD;aom aoG;rSwqifh/
okwf&nfrSwqifh/ rdef;rt*FgZmwft&nfrSwqifh/ rdcifEkd@&nfrSwqifh ul;pufEkdifovkd ukd,f0ef
aqmifaeonfhtcsdefESifh uav;arG;zGm;pOfumvwGifvnf; ul;pufEkdifonf?
Ò HIV test ¡toHxGuf – tdwfcsftkdifAGD wufpfwf¢

tdwfcsftkdifAGD&Sdr&SdodEkdif&ef aoG;ppfjcif;
tdwfcsftkdifAGD&Sdr&SdodEkdif&ef aoG;ppfjcif;jzifh vl.aoG;xJwGif tdwfcsftkdifAGDyËdypPnf;&Sdr&Sdukd od&SdEkdifay

onf? tqkdygyËdypPnf;rsm;onf aoG;xJYtdwfcsftkdifAGD&Sdonf[k owdjyKrdonfESifh vl.cE<mukd,f

wGif;rS xkwfvkyfavh&Sdaomt&mjzpfonf?
Useful References
II
Ò IDU ¡toHxGuf - tkdif'D,l¢
tkdif'D,l
tkdif'D,lqkdonfrSm aoG;xJokd@ rl;,pfaq;0g;xkd;oGif;okH;pJGolukd t*Fvdyfvkdtwkdaumufac:jcif;jzpf

onf?
Ò Immune system ¡toHxGuf – tifrfrsL; ppPwrf¢

ukd,fcHtm;
ukd,fcHtm;qkdonfrSm bufwD;&D;,m;/ Akdif;&yfpfac: a&m*gykd;r$m;ESifh r_dwufr_dpJGjcif;ponfh vl@cE<m

ukd,fjyifyrS 0ifa&mufvmwwfonfh ZD0ouf&Sdykd;r$m;rsm;ukd tumtuG,fjyK ckcHay;onfh ukd,f
wGif;&Sd ckcHtm;pepfwckjzpfonf?
Ò Immunodeficiency ¡toHxGuf – tDrsLEkd'JzD&SefpD¢

ckcHtm;usqif;apjcif;
ckcHtm;usqif;jcif;onf ul;pufa&m*grsm;ukd ukd,fcHtm;u awmfvSefckcHEkdifpGrf; r&SdonfhtcsdefY

jzpfyGm;wwfonf? tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd;u tqkdygukd,fcHtm;ukd wa&G@a&G@ txl;tm;enf;atmif vkyf
aqmifEkdif+yD; ckcHtm;usqif;oGm;atmifvkyfonfh ta=umif;&if;w&yfvnf;jzpf.?
Ò Immunosuppression ¡toHxGuf – tDrsLEkdqyfy&ufpf&Sif¢

ukd,fcHtm;uG,fysufjcif;
ukd,fcHtm;uG,fysufjcif;rSm cE<mukd,fwGif;&Sd ukd,fcHtm;rSm txl;tm;enf;ae+yDjzpfaoma=umifh

ykHrSefvkyfaeustwkdif; vkyfukdifEkdifpGrf;r&SdawmhonfhtcgwGif jzpfyGm;onf? uDrkdoD&myD[kac:onfh
"mwkukxkH;wGifyg&Sdonfh aq;rsm;a=umifhvnf;aumif;/ tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd;a=umifh jzpfyGm;vmonfha&m*g
rsm;a=umifhvnf;aumif; Tukd,fcHtm;uG,fysufjcif;ukd jzpfyGm;wwfayonf?
Ò Incidence ¡toHxGuf – tifqD'ifef@pf¢

jzpfyGm;r_yrm%

Useful References
tcsdefwcsdeftwGif; vlOD;a&tkyfpkwpkY jzpfyGm;wwfaoma&m*grS jy\emopfrsm;. ta&twGuf

ukdqkdvkd+yD; ykHrSeftm;jzifh xkdtcsdeftwkdif;twmrSm wESpfywfvnftwGif;ukd qkdvkdonf?
Ò Incubation period ¡toHxGuf – tifusLab;&Sif; yD&D;,wf'f¢

a&m*gysKd;csdef
a&m*gysKd;csdefqkdonfrSm tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd;pwiful;pufonfh tcsdefrSonf a&m*gt&dyfvuQ%mrsm;

pwifjyoonfhtcsdeftwGif;ukd qkdvkdonf?
M
M
Ò Malaria ¡toHxGuf – rav;&D;,m;¢
iSufzsm;a&m*g
jcifudkufjcif;rsm;rS vlcE<mukd,fwGif;okd@ 0ifa&mufvmonfh uyfyg;aumifrsm;rSaeI iSufzsm;a&m*g

ukd jzpfyGm;apEkdifonf? a&m*gul;pufvmjcif;ukd odEkdifonfht&dyfvQ%mrsm;rSm ukd,fyljcif;/ csrf;zsm;
zsm;jcif;/ acgif;ukdufjcif;/ ºuGufom;rsm;emusOfjcif;/ yifyef;EGrf;vsjcif;/ rtDromjzpfjcif;ESifh tef
jcif; wkd@yifjzpfonf? qkd;&Gm;onfh iSufzsm;a&m*gtajctaewGif touftEœ&m,fukdyg pkd;&drf&
onf?
Ò MDR-TB ¡toHxGuf – trf'Dtm&f wDbD¢

aq;rsm;pGmukdjyefvSefwkdufEkdifaom wDbDa&m*g
aq;rsm;pGmukdjyefvSefwkdufEkdifaom wDbDa&m*gukdqkdvkdonf? TwDbDtqifhonf wDbDa&m*gtm;

wkdufzsufay;onfh aq;0g;ESpfrsKd;ESifh ESpfrsKd;xufrsm;aom aq;0g;rsm;ukd jyefvnfcHwkdufEkdifacs&Sd
avonf? Ttrf'Dtm&fwDbDrSm wDbDa&m*g&&SdolwOD;rS wDbDa&m*gvkH;0 aysmufuif;oGm;atmif
aq;aomufokH;jcif;rjyKyJ oufom±kHoufouf aq;0g;aomufokH;onfhtcgwGif jzpfyGm;wwfay
onf? ykdrkdjyif;xefum t&G,fa&muf+yD;aom bufwD;&D;,m;ykd;r$m; taumifrsm;jzpfyGm;vmonfh
aemufykdif; rlvaq;ukor_rsKd;ESifh rvkHavmufawmhyJ ,cifxuf yrm%rsm;aomaq;/ okd@r[kwf
ygu aq;0g;topf (0g) ,cifuxuf tmedoifjyif;aomaq;rsm; aomufokH;&efvkd tyfvmEkdif
onf?
Ò Microbicides ¡toHxGuf – rkdufc±kdbkdifqkduf'fpf¢

t%kZD0±kyfav#mhcsaq;
Useful References
t%kZD0±kyfrsm; ul;pufysH›yGm;jcif;tm; av#mhcsEkdif&eftwGuf Tt%kZD0±kyfav#mhcsaq;ukd wDxGif
xm;jcif;jzpfonf? Tt%kZD0±kyfav#mhcsaq;rSonf tdwfcsftkdifAGDtygt0if vdifqufqHjcif;rSul;
pufEkdifaoma&m*grsm; ul;pufjcif;ukd av#mhcsEkdifjcif;&Sdr&Sdtm; tqkH;tjzwfay;Ekdif&ef okawoe
vkyfief;rsm; jyKvkyfaeqJjzpfonf? Tt%kZD0±kyfav#mhcsaq;onf rdef;rt*FgZmwftwGif;Yjzpfap/
ptkd0rsm;twGif;Yjzpfap xnfhoGif;ukor_jyKEkdifatmif azmfpyfxm;onf?
Ò Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) ¡toHxGuf – rm;om;-wl-csKdif;vf'f x&efprpf

&Sif (trfwDpDwD)¢
rdcifrSonf &ifaoG;i,fokd‹ul;pufjcif;
ukd,f0efaqmiftcsdef twGif;Yvnf;aumif;/ rD;zGm;pOf/ uav;arG;zGm;pOf umvtwGif;Yvnf;

aumif; (0g) rdcifEkd@wkdufau|;pOfYvnf;aumif; rdcifrSonf&ifaoG;i,fokd@ tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd;ul;puf jcif;
ukdqkdvkdonf? ,if;ukd rD;zGm;pOfa&m*gul;pufjcif;/ rsOf;rwful;pufjcif;[kvnf; ac:qkd=uonf?
Ò MSM ¡toHxGuf – trftufpftrf¢

a,mufsm;tcsif;csif;vdifqufqHolrsm;
trftufpftrfqkdonfrSm a,mufsm;om;rsm;ESifhom vdifqufqHr_jyKaom a,musfm;om;rsm;ukd

qkdvkdonf? a&m*g&&SdEkdifjcif; tvm;tvm&Sdr&Sdukd tuJcwfqkH;jzwf&mY “tajcmuf”/
“vdifwlqufqHol” (0g) “vdifwlvdifuJGESpfrsKd;pvkH;ukd pdwf0ifpm;ol (0g) ESpfzufc|ef” [laom
pum;vkH;rsm;ukdrokH;E_ef;yJ “trftufpftrf” [k ac:qkdtokH;jyKavh&Sd=uonf? tb,fha=umifh
qkdaomf vdifwlqufqHjcif;/ vdifwlvdifuJGqufqHjcif; qkdonfrSm vlwOD;.tjyKtrl/ trltusifh
ESifhomoufqkdif+yD; ,if;wkd@rnfolrnf0gqkdonfukd cJGjcm;owfrSwfonfh pum;vkH;r[kwfaom
a=umifhyif?
Ò Mutation ¡toHxGuf – rsLaw;&Sif;¢

oaE<ADZajymif;jcif;
oaE<ADZajymif;jcif;qkdonfrSm ZD0±kyfwck. rsKd;±kd;ADZwnfaqmufykH ajymif;vJoGm;+yD;/ tqoef;

aygif;rsm;pGm wkd;yGm;rsm;jym;aom vkyfaqmifr_wck jyKonfhtcgwGif jzpfyGm;wwfonf? xkdvkyf
aqmifr_twGif; tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd;tajrmuftjrm; vsifjrefpGmjzpfay:Ekdif+yD; ykHpHvnf;ajymif;oGm;Ekdif
avonf? Tokd@ajymif;vJr_rS tqkdygAkdif;&yfpfykd;. aq;ukor_ukd jyefvnf awmfvSefEkdifjcif;ukdyg
jzpfay:wwfavonf?

Useful References
OO
Ò Opportunistic Infection (OI) ¡toHxGuf – atmfykdusLepfpwpfuf tifzuf&Sif (tkdtkdif)¢
tcGifhaumif;,l0ifvmwwfaom a&m*gul;pufr_
T tcGifhaumif;,l0ifvmwwfaom a&m*gul;pufr_qkdonfrSm ykHrSefusef;rma&;aumif;olrsm;

twGuf jzpfavhjzpfxr&SdyJ tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd;a=umifh ,if;wkd@.ukd,fcHtm; wpkHw&mxdyg;cHxm;&ol
rsm;twGif;Y 0ifvmwwfonfha&m*grsm;ukd qkdvkdonf? tqkdyg ZD0±kyfrsm;rSm cE<mudk,fwGif;Y r=um
c%qkdovkd jzpfyGm;wnf&Sdaewwfaomfvnf; ykHrSeftm;jzifh ukd,fcHtm;aumif;aeonfqkdygu
xdef;odrf;xdef;csKyfxm;Ekdifayonf? tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd;ul;pufcHxm;&olwOD;rS tkdtkdif&oGm;+yDqkdygu
xkdoltm; attkdif'Dtufpftqifhokd@ wkd;jrifha&muf&Sdvm+yD[k qkdEkdifonf?
PP
Ò Pandemic ¡toHxGuf – yef'Jrpfcf¢
urBmtESH›ul;pufys›HyGm;r_
us,fjyef@vSaom yx0Dtaetxm;wckY urBmt0Srf;jzpfyGm;Ekdifaom ul;pufa&m*gjzpfyGm;r_ukd

qkdvkdjcif;jzpf+yD; vlOD;a&tajrmuftjrm;okd@ oufa&mufEkdifonfh ul;pufysH›yGm;r_ukd qkdvkdonf?
Ò Pathogen ¡toHxGuf – yufokd*sifef¢

a&m*gjzpfyGm;apaomypPnf; (0g) a&m*ypP,
a&m*ypP,qkdonfrSm a&m*gjzpfyGm;atmifjyKvkyfaom t&m (0g) ZD0±kyfypPnf;rsm;ukd qkdvkdonf?
Ò Placebo ¡toHxGuf – yavhpfbkd¢

aq;tppfr[kwfyJ ,if;ae&mwGiftpm;xkd;okH;aom tmedoifr&Sdonfhaq;
aq;0g;tppfrsm;uJhokd@ ykHpHwlaomfvnf; wu,fhaq;0g;tppfrsm;uJhokd@ trSeftmedoifoufa&muf

r_r&Sdaomt&mukd qkdvkdonf?
Ò PMTCT ¡toHxGuf – yDtrfwDpDwD¢

yDtrfwDpDwD (0g) rdcifrSonf &ifaoG;i,fokd‹ul;pufjcif;tm; }udKwifumuG,fjcif;
Useful References
yDtrfwDpDwDqkdonfrSm rdcifrSonf&ifaoG;i,fokd@ul;pufjcif;tm; }udKwifumuG,fjcif;ukd qkdvkd
onf? ,ltifefath'fpf.enf;AsL[mrsm;teuf atmufygenf;rsm;yg0ifonf?
1? &ifaoG;vG,fEkdifonfht&G,f&Sd trsKd;orD;rsm;tm; tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd; ul;pufjcif;rS umuG,f

ay;jcif;/
2? tdwfcsftkdifAGD&Sdaeol trsKd;orD;rsm;t=um; rvkdvm;aomukd,f0efwnf&Sdr_ukd a&Smif&Sm;jcif;/
3? rdrdqENt&,laom pdwfykdif;qkdif&mtm;ay;r_ counseling cH,ljcif;/ aoG;ppfjcif;/ a&m*gykd;r$m;
wkdufzsufa&;ukxkH; cH,ljcif;/ vkHjcHKpdwfcs&aom rD;zGm;jcif;ukdvkyfaqmifjcif;/ rdcifEkd@wkdufau|;rnfh
tpm; tjcm;oifhavsmfonfhtpm;tpm wkdufau|;jcif;tm;jzifh ukd,f0efaqmifaepOf/ rD;zGm;pOf/
rdcifEkd@wkdufau|;pOfumvwkd@Y a&m*gul;pufr_ukd }udKwifumuG,fjcif;wkd@jzpf=uonf?
Ò Prevalence ¡toHxGuf – y&DaAvef@pf¢

ysH›ESH›r_E_ef;
ysH›ESH›r_E_ef;qkdonfrSm vlOD;a&w&yfvkH;teuf vlxktpdwftykdif;wckY umvtykdif;tjcm;wcktwGif;

a&m*gul;pufvmonfh tcsKd;usta&twGufukd qkdvkdonf?
Ò Prevention ¡toHxGuf – y&DAef;&Sif;¢

}udKwifumuG,fjcif;
a&m*gul;pufEkdifzG,f&m tvm;tvmukd av#mhcsay;onfh }udKwifumuG,fvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;

(ueOD;}udKwifumuG,fjcif;)/ xkdrStjcm;olrsm;tm; ysH›yGm;ul;pufjcif;tm; }udKwifumuG,fvkyf
aqmifcsufrsm; (xyfqifh}udKwifumuG,fjcif;) ukdqkdvkdonf? }udKwifumuG,fjcif;vkyfief;rsm;Y
vkHjcHKpdwfcspGmvdifqufqHr_qkdif&m ynmay;vkyfief;rsm;/ uGef'kH;jzef@a0jcif;/ um,uH&SifqENtwkdif;
&,lonfh pdwfykdif;qkdif&mtm;ay;r_/ um,uH&SifqENtwkdif; aoG;ppfr_cH,ljcif;/ a&m*gtaetxm;
apmifh=unfhjcif;/ tjcm;t&yfa'orsm;txd urf;vifhaxmufuljcif;ESifh ynmay;vkyfief;vkyfaqmif
jcif;/ vkHjcHKpdwfcs&onfh aoG;oGif;Ekdif&ef axmufulay;jcif; ponfwkd@yifjzpfonf?
Ò Prophylaxis ¡toHxGuf – y±kdzDvufZpffpf¢

a&m*gumuG,faomvkyfxkH;
a&m*gumuG,faomvkyfxkH;qkdonfrSm a&m*gjzpfyGm;jcif;rS}udKwifumuG,fjcif;ESifh umuG,fuko

ay;jcif;wkd@ukdqkdvkdonf? ueOD;a&m*gumuG,fvkyfxkH;rSm a&m*gul;pufr_ pwifjzpfyGm;onfhtcsdefY

ay;aom aq;ukor_ukdqkdvkdonf? xyfqihfa&m*gumuG,fvkyfxkH;rSmrl vuf&SdjzpfyGm;aeaoma&m
Useful References
*gul;pufr_. vuQ%mrsm;rS }udKwifumuG,fEkdifa&;tvkd@iSm aq;ukoay;jcif;ukdqkdvkdonf?
Ò PLHIV, PWA, PLWA, PLWHA ¡toHxGuf – yDt,fvftdwfcsftkdifAGD/ yD'AvsLat/

yDt,fvf'AvsLat/ yDt,fvf'AvsLtdwfcsfat¢
yDt,fvftdwfcsftkdifAGD/ yD'AvsLat/ yDt,fvf'AvsLat/ yDt,fvf'AvsLtdwfcsfat
Tpum;vkH;tokH;tE_ef;rsm;rSm tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpf&Sdolrsm; (0g) tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif

'DtufpfESifh aexkdifaeolrsm;ukd qkdvkdjcif;jzpfonf?
RR
Ò Risky behaviour ¡toHxGuf - &pPuD bDa[;bD;,m;¢
a&m*gykd;ul;pufapEkdifaom trltusifh
tdwfcsftkdifAGDul;pufEkdifaom tvm;tvmrsm; wufvmEkdifaponfh rnfonfhtrltusifhrqkd (0g)

vkyfaqmifr_rsKd;ukdrqkd a&m*gykd;ul;pufEkdifaom trltusifh[kac:qkdygonf? Oyrmrsm;jzifhqkd&v#if
vkHjcHKpdwfcs&r_r&Sdonfh vdifqufqHr_jyKjcif;/ tazmfrsm;pGmjzifh vdifqufqHjcif;/ rl;,pfaq;0g;xkd;pJG
tokH;jyKjcif; ponfhtrltusifhrsm;yg0ifayonf?
SS
Ò Safe Sex ¡toHxGuf – aqhzf pufufZf¢
vkHjcHKpdwfcs&aomvdifqufqHjcif;
vkHjcHKpdwfcs&aomvdifqufqHjcif;qkdonfrSm okwf&nf/ rdef;rt*FgZmwfrS tusdt&nf/ rdef;rt*Fg

ZmwfwGif;rSjzpfap/ ptkd0wGif;rSjzpfap xGufaomc|Jjypfjypft&nfponfwkd@ukd tjcm;olwOD;.
aoG;a=umxJokd@ t0ifrcHjcif; (0g) wOD;.aoG;tm; tjcm;olwOD;.aoG;a=umxJokd@ t0ifa&muf
rcHyJ vdifqufqHjcif;ukdqkdvkdygonf? wOD;qDrStjcm;wOD;qDokd@ Tazmfjyyg tc|Jtjypf t&nftusd
rsm; a&$›ajymif;oGm;jcif;r&Sdygu TvdifqufqHr_rsKd;rsm;ukd vkHjcHKpdwfcs&onfh vdifqufqHr_rsKd;[k
qkdEkdifonf? tdwfcsftkdifAGDul;pufjcif;rS vkHjcHKpdwfcs&onf[kqkdaomfvnf; tjcm;vdifqufqH jcif;rS
ul;pufwwfonfh *Ekdusa&m*g/ qpfzvpfumvom;a&m*g/ cv,frD'D;,m;ESifh a&,keftp&Sdaom
a&m*grsm;ab;rS vkHjcHKpdwfcs&Ekdifonf[k rqkdEkdifygay?

Useful References
Ò Sexually transmitted infection (STI) ¡toHxGuf – qufZf±ª0,fvD; x&efprpfwuf
tifzuf&Sif (tufpfwDtkdif)¢
vdifqufqHjcif;rS&&SdEkdifaom a&m*gul;pufr_
vdifqufqHr_jyKI &&Sdvmonfh rnfokd@aoma&m*grsKd;ukdrqkd (0g) a&m*gul;pufr_rsKd;udkrqkd vdif

qufqHjcif;rS&&SdEkdifaom a&m*gul;pufr_[kac:onf?
TT
Ò Tuberculosis ¡toHxGuf - usLbmuvkd@qpfpf¢
wDbDa&m*g
rkdifukdbufwD&D,rf usLbmuvkd@qpfpf[kac:onfh r_dykd;a=umifh&&Sdonfh ul;pufr_wrsKd;jzpfonf?

ykHrSeftm;jzifh tqkwfukdxda&mufjcif;a=umifh jzpfyGm;avh&Sdaomfvnf; cE<mukd,fwGif;&Sd tjcm;
tpdwftykdif;rsm;okd@vnf; ul;pufysH›yGm;Ekdifavonf?
UU
Ò UNAIDS ¡toHxGuf - ,ltifefath'fZf¢
urBmhukvor~ attkdif'Dtufpfwkdufzsufa&;at*sifpD
t*Fvdyfvdktwkdaumuf ,ltifefath'fZfrSm tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpftwGuf urBmhukvor*~

qkdif&m yl;wJGvkyfief;tpD tpOf Joint Untied Nations on HIV/AIDS ukdqkdvkd jcif;jzpfonf?
Tyl;wJGvkyfief;tpDtpOfrSm urBmhukvor*~tzJG@}uD;. vkyfief;tpDtpOfwpdwfwykdif;jzpf+yD; tzJG@
tpnf;pkpkaygif; 10 zJG@ESifh ,ltifefath'fZf. twGif;a&;rª;tzJG@wkd@twGif; yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifaeonfh
vkyfief;wckvnf;jzpfonf?
Ò Unprotected sex ¡toHxGuf – tefy±kdwufwuf'f pufZf¢

tumtuG,frJh vdifqufqHjcif;
uGef'kH;tokH;rjyKyJ vdifqufqHjcif;ukd qkdvkdonf?

VV
Useful References
Ò Vaccine ¡toHxGuf – AufZfpif;ef¢

umuG,faq;
umuG,faq;qkdonfrSm a&m*gul;pufaponfhZD0±kyfrsm;tm; rpGrf;omawmhatmifvkyfxm;+yD;

ukd,fcHtm;ukdE_d;aqmfay;onfhtjyif tpGrf;&Sdaeao;aomZD0±kyfrsm;rSaeI a&m*gul;pufEkdifjcif;ukd
umuG,fay;Ekdifatmif azmfpyfxm;onfhaq;jzpfonf? }udKwifumuG,faq;xkd;jcif;jzifh tqkdygZD0
±kyfrsm;rSa&m*gul;pufEkdifjcif;ukd }udKwif[ef@wm;xm;ay;avonf? ukpm;ay;aomumuG,faq;
onfum; a&m*gykd;ul;pufcH&+yD;vlwOD;. ukd,fcHtm;aumif;vmatmifESifh xkdZD0±kyftcsif;csif;
jyefvnfckcHEkdifatmif azmfpyfxm;onfh umuG,faq;rsKd;jzpfonf?
Ò VCT ¡toHxGuf – AGDpDwD¢

AGDpDwD (0g) um,uH&SifqENt& pdwfykdif;qkdif&mtm;ay;r_cH,ljcif;ESifh aoG;ppfr_cH,ljcif;
Tum,uH&Sifukd,fY ol@qENt& pdwfykdif;qkdif&mtm;ay;r_cH,ljcif;ESifh aoG;ppfaq;r_cH,ljcif;

tpDtpOfrsm;onf ‚if;wkd@. tdwfcsftkdifAGD&Sdr&Sdtajctaeukdod&SdEkdif+yD; pdwfykdif;qkdif&mtm;ay;r_
cH,ljcif;.tpDtpOfrsm;jzpfonfh ul;pufzG,f&mtvm;tvmrsm; av#mhcsjcif;ta=umif; avhvm
oif,lEkdifjcif;ESifh tdwfcsftkdifAGD&Sdaeonf[k odvm&+yDqkdygu jyKpkapmifha&Smufa&; vkyfief;rsm;udk
vnf;&,lEkdifayonf?
Ò Viral load ¡toHxGuf – Akdif&,fvf vkwf'f¢

Akdif;&yfpfykd;yrm%ta&twGuf
aoG;xJ&SdtdwfcsftkdifAGDykd; rnfIrnfr#&Sdaeonf (0g) rnfIrnfr#yg0ifonf[laom yrm%ta&

twGufukd qkdvkdjcif;jzpfonf? aoG;xJ&SdAkdif;&yfpfykd;ta&twGufESifh a&m*gjyif;xefr_wkd@t=um;
tjyeftvSefqufEG,fae+yD; Akdif;&yfpfykd;yrm%ta&twGufrsm;av/ tdwfcsftkdifAGDrSjzpfapaom
a&m*g jyif;xefr_ykdjrifhavjzpf.? Akdif;&yfpfykd;yrm%ta&twGuftm; ppfaq;=unfhjcif;onf q&m
0efrsm;twGuf aexkdifraumif;jzpfr_tm; apmifh=unfh&onfhtcgESifh rnfokd@uko&rnfukdqkH;jzwf
&onfhtcgrsm;wGif txl;ta&;ygt&ma&mufvSonf?
Ò Vulnerable populations ¡toHxGuf – aAmfea&b,fvf ay:ysLav;&Sif;¢

umuG,fckcHEkdifpGrf;r&Sdaomjynfolvlxk

vlr_pD;yGm;a&;/ ,Ofaus;r_ESifh trltusifhqkdif&m[laom ta=umif;trsKd;rsKd;a=umifh tdwfcsftkdifAGD
Useful References
ul;pufEkdifonfh tvm;tvmrsm;pGm&Sdaeaom jynfolvlxktpkukdqkdvkdygonf? xkdumuG,fckcH
EkdifpGrf;r&Sdaomjynfolvlxkrsm;rSm 'kuQonfrsm;/ qif;&JEGrf;yg;olrsm;/ a,mufsm;tcsif;csif;vdif
qufqHolrsm;/ rl;,pfaq;0g;ukd aq;xkd;tyfESifh xkd;oGif;tokH;jyKolrsm;/ vdiftvkyform;rsm;ESifh
vdifykdif;qkdif&mt& wef;wlnDr#r_tvGefenf;yg;aomEkdifiHrsm;/ vlxktokdif;t0kdif;rsm; twGif;&Sd
trsKd;orD;rsm;yg0ifayonf?
W
W
Ò World Health Organisation (WHO) ¡toHxGuf – 0g;vf'f [Jhvfof atmf*EkdufaZ;&Sif;
('AvsLtdwfcsftkd)¢
urBmhusef;rma&;tzJG‹ }uD;
urBmhusef;rma&;tzJG@}uD; qkdonfrSm usef;rma&;twGufzJG@pnf;xm;onfh urBmhukvor*~.

at*sifpDwckjzpfonf? TtzJG@}uD;tm; 192 EkdifiHaomtzJG@0ifEkdifiHrsm;u pDrHtkyfcsKyf+yD;/ vlwkdif;
vlwkdif;twGuf tjrifhrm;qkH;aom usef;rma&;aumif;rGefr_ tajctae&&Sdvmatmif &nf&G,fzJG@
pnf;xm;jcif;jzpfonf?
Ò World Bank ¡toHxGuf – 0g;vf'f bef@cf¢

urBmhb%f
urBmhb%fqkdonfrSm wkd;wufzGH@+zdK;a&;b%fwckjzpf+yD; acs;aiGrsm;/ ay:vpDrl0g'qkdif&mt=uH^m%f

rsm;/ enf;ynmykdif;qkdif&m taxmuftulESifh A[kokwzvS,fjcif; tp&Sdonfhvkyfief;rsm;ukd
0ifaiGtedrfhqkH;ESifh 0ifaiGtv,ftvwfcef@om&Sdaom EkdifiHrsm;twGuf qif;&JEGrf;yg;r_av#mhcsEkdif
a&;tvkd@iSm tultnDay;aeonfh b%ftzJG@}uD;jzpf.? urBmhb%fonf ,ltifefath'fpf twGuf
taxmuftulay;aeaomtzJG@jzpfonf?
tcsuftvuft&if;tjrpf – [ife&D a*s ukdifZmrdom;pkazmifa';&Sif;u 2005 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv twGif; xkwf

a0cJhonfh “tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpftwGuf tpD&ifcHt!$ef; - tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpf owif;ay;ykd@
jcif;” [laompmtkyfrS aumufEkwfazmfjyxm;jcif;jzpfonf? http://www.kff.org/hivaids/upload/712402.pdf/

tdwfcsftkdifAGDordkif;pOf
Useful References
atmufazmfjyyg tcsufrsm;onf tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpfordkif;a=umif;wGif xl;jcm;aom

jzpf&yfrsm;jzpfonf?
1920 jynfhESpfrsm;ESihf 1930 jynhfESpfrsm; (cef@rSef;ajctm;jzifh) - vl0Hrsm;wGif udk,fcHtm;qJvfrsm;udk

zsufqD;ypfonfh Simian immune deficiency virus (SIV) onf tmz&dutaemuftv,f
ydkif;a'orS rkqdk;wOD;tm; a&m*g&Sdaomwd&dp>mefwaumifrS udkufvdkuft+yD; (odk@r[kwf) xdkrkqdk;u
a&m*g&Sdaomtom;udk udkifwG,ft+yD;aemufydkif;wGif vlrsm;odk@ ul;pufcJhonf?
1978 ckESpf - tar&duefjynfaxmifpkESihf qGD'ifEkdifiH&Sd vdifwlqufqHolrsm;wGif attkdif'Dtufpf[k

aemifwGifac:wGifvmrnfh a&m*gvuQ%m yxrqHk;ay:vmcJhonf?
1981 ckESpf - e,l;a,mhcf+rdK@rS vli,fvdifwlqufqHol (8) a,mufwGif vl}uD;rsm;wGifom jzpfavh

jzpfx&Sdonfh Kaposi's Sarcoma [kac:onfh ta&jym;uifqmwrsKd;awG@&SdcJh+yD; avmhpftif*s,fvdpfrS
vdifwlqufqHol (5) a,mufrSm &Sm;yg;aomtqkyfa&mifa&m*g wrsKd;jzifh aeraumif;jzpfcJhonf?
xdkuJhodk@jzpf&yfrsm;a=umihf a&m*gtopftqef;wck jzpf+yD[lI tar&dueftpdk;& txdwfwvef@
jzpfcJhonf? ckcHtm;pepfudkzsufqD;+yD; tcGihfta&;,l0ifvmwwfaoma&m*grsm;udk vufcHwwfonfh
a&m*gwrsKd;yifjzpfonf?

1982 ckESpf - Zlvkdifv - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) [laomtrnf&vm
Useful References
onf? 'DZifbmvwGif v 20 om;t&G,f uav;i,fwOD; aoG;oGif;&mrSwqifh attkdif'Dtufpf
EG,fa&m*gwckjzifh aoqHk;cJhonf? vdifwlqufqHr_tjyif tjcm;aomenf;vrf;jzifhvnf; attkdif
'Dtufpful;pufEdkifonf[k yxrqHk;t}udrf &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;jzpf+yD; &SmazGawG@&SdcJhonfh vuQ%m
w&yfjzpfonf?
1983 ckESpf - arv/ Luc Montagnier acgif;aqmifonfh jyifopfEkdifiH Pasteur Institute rS

ody`Hynm&Sifrsm;onf aoG;jzLOrsm;twGif; xdk;azmuf0ifa&muf+yD; AIDS udkjzpfaponfh Adkif;&yfpf
ykd;udk azmfxkwfEkdifcJhonf? ‚if;Adkif;&yfpfykd;udk Lympadenopathy vifrfyg'JEkdyufoDAkdif;&yfpf
(odk@r[kwf) LAV [k ac:a0:cJhonf? Oa&my&Sd tmz&dutrsKd;om;rsm;xHrS qifhyGm;vmonfh
yxrqHk;vuQ%mrsm;jzpfonfh vdifuGJqufqHolrsm; ul;Ekdifonfqdkonfhtcsuf ay:xGufvmjcif;
a=umifh t}uD;tus,fpdk;&drfr_rsm; jzpfcJh&onf? Ekd0ifbmv - urBmhusef;rma&;tzGJ@}uD; (WHO)
u wurBmvHk;apmihf=unhfa&;udk pwifcJhonf? xkdESpftukefY (tar&duefjynfaxmifpkwckwnf;
wGif) attkdif'DtufpfjzpfyGm;r_ (3064) OD; &SdcJhonf?
1984 ckESpf - tar&duefody`Hynm&Sif Robert Gallo u tqkdygAdkif;&yfpfydk;udk tdwfcsfwDt,fvfAGD-3

HTLV-III [k ac:a0:cJh+yD; ykd;udkavhvmEkdif+yDjzpfa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? odk@&mwGif ‚if;Adkif;&yfpfykd;rSm
vGefcJhonfhwESpfu jyifopfwGiftwnfjyKEkdifcJhonfh t,fvfatAGD LAV ESifh twlwlyifjzpfa=umif;
xif&Sm;vmonf?
1985 ckESpf - attkdif'Dtufpfqdkif&m tca=u;aiGjzifh yxrqkH;prf;oyfr_rsm;u aoG;vªb%frsm;Y r

oef@&Sif;aomaoG;rsm;r&Sdap&eftultnDjzpfaponf? attkdif'Dtufpfqkdif&m yxrqHk;EkdifiHwum
nDvmcH - ±kyf&Sifo±kyfaqmif a&mfhcf['fqefonf attkdif'Dtufpfa=umifhaoqHk;cJhonfh yxrqHk;
aom vlodxif&Sm;yk*~KdvfwOD;jzpfonf? urBmtESH@tjym;rS attkdif'Dtufpfjzpf&yfrsm;ay:xGufvm
onf? w±kwfjynfY yxrqHk;attkdif'Dtufpf jzpfyGm;r_ta=umif; ay:xGufvmonf?
1986 ckESpf - attkdif'DtufpfjzpfaponfrSm tdwfcsftkdifAGD[k twkdaumufac:onfh Human

Immunodeficieny Virus (HIV) [k w&m;0ifodvm&onf?
1987 ckESpf - yxrqHk;aom tdwfcsftkdifAGDwdkufzsufa&;aq;0g;jzpfonfh Azidovudine (AZT) tm;

‚if;aq;0g;rSm Akdif;&yfpfykd;udkaysmufuif;atmif rvkyfEkdifaomfvnf; Adkif;&yfpf.wdk;yGm;r_udkaES;auG;
oGm;apa=umif; prf;oyfr_rsm;jzifhavhvmjyo+yD;aemufwGif twnfjyKcJhonf? Zrf;bD,m;orRw
‘uwfeuf utGef;'g;’ rS ol@om; attkdif'Dtufpfa=umifhaoqHk;a=umif; xkwfazmfa=unmcJh+yD;
‚if;onf tmz&duwGif ‘z,f=uOf’r_wkdufzsufa&;v_yf&Sm;r_twGuf xl;jcm;aomrSwfwkdifw&yfjzpf
cJhonf? attkdif'Dtufpfudk vspfvsL±ªcJhonf[k pGyfpGJcH&onfh tar&dueforRw‘a&mfe,f a&*if’u

attkdif'Dtufpfudk ‘vlxk&efoleHygwf 1’ tjzpfazmfjyonfh rdef@cGef;w&yfajym=um;cJhonf?
Useful References
1990 ckESpf - tdwfcsftdkifAGDul;pufcH aoG;usJa&m*g&Sifjzpfol tar&duefvli,f Ryan White

uG,fvGefonf? tdwfcsftkdifAGDul;pufonfhtwGuf ol@tm; ausmif;wufcGihf ydwfyifwm;jrpfxm;jcif;
a=umifh attkdif'DtufpfESihfywfoufI cGJjcm;r_tm;qef@usifonfh v_yf&Sm;r_ay:aygufvmonf?
1991 ckESpf - ‘Queen’ trnf&Sd a&mhcfaw;*DwtzGJ@. acgif;aqmiftqdkawmf Freddy Mercury

uG,fvGefonf? emrnfausmf tar&duef bwfpuwfabmtm;upm;orm; Earvin "magic"
Johnson u ol@Y tdwfcsftkdifAGD&Sdonf[k a=unmvdkufonf?
1992 ckESpf - wif;epftm;upm;orm; tausmftarmf Arthur Ashe u vGefcJhonfh udk;ESpfumv

aoG;oGif;pOfu ul;pufcHcJh&onf[k xkwfazmfajym=um;onf? jyifopfEkdifiHwGif pHkprf;ppfaq;r_
wcku usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;taejzihf aoG;oGif;ukor_rsm;wGif tdwfcsftkdifAGDygaomaoG;rsm;udk
cGihfjyKcJhonf[k pGyfpGJcJhonf?
1993 ckESpf - atZufwD AZT udk umv=um&SnfpGmoHk;pGJolrsm;wGif aq;,Ofyg;r_jzpfvmonf[laom

pkd;&drfzG,fvuQ%mrsm; ay:xGufvmonf? ±k&SEkdifiHom; bJav;tausmftarmf Rudolf Nureyev
onf attkdif'Dtufpfa=umifh uG,fvGefonf? attkdif'Dtufpful;pufr_jzpf&yfrsm; awmiftmz&du
wGif ay:xGufvmonf?
1994 ckESpf - atZufwDonf rdcifrSuav;odk@ tdwfcsftkdifAGDul;pufr_ ododomom jzwfawmufEkdif

onf[k avhvmcsufrsm;uazmfjyonf?
1995 ckESpf - Adkif;&yfpfykd;rsm; yHkwlyGm;rsm;jcif;tm;wm;qD;&ef &nf&G,fxm;onfh tdwfcsftkdifAGD

aq;0g;ESpfrsKd; topfay:xGufvmonf? xdkaq;ESpfrsKd;udk aygif;pyfoHk;pGJonfhtcg Adkif;&yfpfykd;yrm%udk
wkdif;wmI&Ekdifonfh yrm%atmufusoGm;onf? xkdatmifjrifr_a=umihf a&m*gaysmufuif;atmif
ukoI&Ekdifonfh ukxHk;awG@+yD[laom taumif;jrifr_rsm;udk ay:xGufaponf?
1996 ckESpf - ukvor*~onf attkdif'Dtufpfqkdif&m yl;wGJukvor*~tpDtpOfjzpfonfh

,ltifefattkdif'DtufpftzJG@ UNAIDS udk pwifwnfaxmifonf? Adkif;&yfpfykd;yrm%wkdif;wmr_
udk pwifEdkifjcif;onf a&m*gESihfywfoufI wdk;wufr_udkufwHw&yfjzpfonf? ta&S@Oa&myESihf ,cif
qdkAD,ufjynfaxmifpk/ tdENd,ESihfw±kwfwkd@wGif a&m*gysH@yGm;r_ ydkrdkqkd;&Gm;;pjyKvm+yDjzpfonf?
1997 - 1981 ckESpfrSpwifI yxrqHk;t}udrftjzpf tar&duefjynfaxmifpkwGif attkdif'Dtufpf

a=umifhaoqHk;r_rsm; usqif;vmonf? Adkif;&yfpfykd;rsm;ryGm;rsm;Ekdifatmif wm;ay;onfhaq;0g;opf

rsm;udkqef@usifonfh tqdyftawmufjzpfapaom ab;xGufqkd;usKd;rsm;ESihfywfoufonfh oufao
Useful References
taxmuftxm;rsm; ay:xGufvmonf?
1998 ckESpf - Adkif;&yfpfykd;yGm;rsm;r_udk [ef@wm;Ekdifonfh ‘aygif;pyfukxkH;’onf ukor_jzpfonf[laom

ar#mfvihfcsufrsm;vnf; ysufpD;oGm;cJh&onf? aq;0g;oHk;pGJr_udk &yfwef@vdkufrnfqdkygu tdwfcsftkdifAGD
ykd; cdkatmif;aeEkdif+yD; jyefvnfay:xGufvmEkdifrnfh ‘tdwfcsftkdifAGDodkavSmifuef’rsm;ESihfywfouf
onfh taxmuftxm;rsm; ay:xGufvmonf?
1999 ckESpf - Nevirapine onf rdcifrSuav;odk@ul;pufr_udk wm;qD;a&;twGuf a&G;cs,fp&maq;0g;

wrsKd; jzpfvmonf?
2000 jynfhESpf - awmifydkif;tmz&duonf ,cktcg urBmw0Srf; a&m*gysH@ESH@r_twGuf A[dkcsufjzpfvm

onf? ‘abmhpf0gem’ EkdifiHwGif t&G,fa&muf+yD;olav;OD;wGifwOD;ESihf udk,f0efaqmiftrsKd;orD;rsm;.
40 &mcdkifE_ef;wGif tdwfcsftkdifADGul;pufaeonf? attkdif'Dtufpfonf tdwfcsftkdifAGDa=umihf jzpf&
onf[laomtcsufudk ar;cGef;xkwfonfhtwGuf awmiftmz&duorRw ‘ombdk trfbufwD’udk
urBmtESH@ a0zefjypfwif=uonf? aq;0g;ukr`%Drsm;u qif;&JaomEkdifiHrsm;twGuf aps;rsm;udkav#mh
csay;onf?
aq;0g;ukr`%Drsm;u
qif;&JaomEkdifiHrsm;twGuf
aps;rsm;udkav#mhcsay;onf?
Picture Source: www.russianspy.org
2001 ckESpf - tdENd,aq;0g;ukr`%D Cipla u aps;ydkoufomonfh attkdif'Dtufpfaq;0g;rsm;udk

xkwfvkyf&ef oHEMdÏefcsvdkuf+yD; aq;0g;aps;E_ef;rsm; xyfrHav#mhcs&ef EkdifiHwumukr`%D}uD;rsm;udk
zdtm;ay;vkdufonf? ukvor*~taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;csKyf udkzDtmeefu avmavmq,foHk;pGJ
v#uf&Sdonfh (1) bDvsHxufydk+yD; ESpfpOfa':vm (7) bDvsHeSihf (10) bDvsHt=um;udk attkdif'Dtufpf
&HyHkaiGtwGuf pkaqmif;=u&ef wdkufwGef;vdkufonf? attkdif'Dtufpfonf tmz&duqm[m&
atmufydkif;a'owGif vltrsm;aoqHk;&onfh t"duta=umif;t&if; jzpfvmcJhonf?

2002 ckESpf - attkdif'Dtufpf/ wDbDESihf iSufzsm;a&m*gwkd@udk wkdufzsufaeonfh Global Fundu
Useful References
yxrqHk;t}udrftjzpf &HyHkaiGrsm;udk cGJa0ay;cJhonf? ckcHtm;qJvfrsm;twGif;okd@ 0ifa&mufxkd;

azmuf+yD;aemuf rsKd;wlAdkif;&yfpfykd;rsm; yGm;rsm;vmonfxuf ckcHtm;qJvfrsm;ESihf aygif;roGm;atmif
wm;qD;&ef&nf&G,fonfh tdwfcsftkdifAGDrysH›yGm;a&;twGufxdef;csKyfonfh zlZD,Gef Fuzeon ac:onfh
yxrqHk;aq;wrsKd;onf vuf&SdukxHk;rsm;ESihf tqifrajyonfholrsm;wGif atmifjrifpGmukoEkdif
a=umif;awG@&Sd&onf?
2003 ckESpf - tar&dueforRw a*smhcsf bk&Sfu tmz&duESihfum&pfbD,Ha'orsm;Y attkdif'Dtufpf

wdkufzsuf&eftwGuf (5) ESpfausmfumvtwGif; a':vm (15) bDvsHoHk;pGJrnfhtpDtpOfudk xkwf
jyefa=unmonf? urBmhusef;rma&;tzGJ@}uD;. !$ef=um;a&;rª;csKyf topfjzpfol Lee Jong Wook u
attkdif'Dtufpftm; ‚if;.OD;pm;ay;udpP[kajymqkd+yD; 2005 ckESpftukefwGif qif;&Jom; 3 oef;udk
tdwfcsftkdifAGDxdef;csKyfa&; aq;0g;rsm;&&Sdapzdk@aqmf=ocJhonf? w±kwf0ef}uD;csKyf 0rfusm;aygifonf
attkdif'Dtufpfvlemudk vlod&Sif=um; vufqGJE_wfqufonfh yxrqHk;aom w±kwf0ef}uD;csKyfjzpf
vmonf? urBmhukefoG,fa&;tzGJ@}uD; (WTO) . oabmwlnDcsufu qif;&J+yD; tEœ&m,fus
a&mufEkdifaomEkdifiHrsm;tm; rsKd;wltdwfcsftkdifAGDxdef;csKyfa&;aq;0g;rsm;udk wifoGif;cGihfjyKcJhojzifh
aq;0g;aps;E_ef;rsm; usoGm;onf?
2004 ckESpf - aemufqHk;wGif awmiftmz&duEkdifiHrS EkdifiHwGif;aq;±Hkrsm;Y tdwfcsftkdifAGDxdef;csKyfa&;

aq;0g;rsm;udk pwifay;a0cJhonf? urBmhumuG,faq;azmfonfh ody`Hynm&Sifrsm;t=um; nd‡E_dif;

aqmif&Gufr_ESihf owif;tcsuftvufrsm;zvS,fr_udk jr‡ifhwif&eftwGuf urBmvHk;qkdif&m tdwfcsf
Useful References
tkdifAGDumuG,faq;tzGJ@tm;zGJ@pnf;&ef }uD; 8 }uD; xdyfoD;nDvmcHu awmif;qdkvdkufonf?
2005 ckESpf - qif;&Jaomwkdif;jynfrsm;wGif tdwfcsftkdifAGDxdef;csKyfa&;aq;0g;rsm;&&Sdr_ t}uD;tus,f

jrifhwufvmonf? odk@aomf urBmhusef;rma&;tzGJ@}uD;. &nfrSef;csufjzpfonfh ‘ig;a,mufwGif
oHk;a,muf’ aq;0g;rsm;t&ay;a&; jynfhrDS&eftwGufrl rsm;pGmvkdaeao;onf? tvª&Sifrsm;onf
obm0ab;tEœ&m,frsm; twGufudkom vª'gef;ae=uojzifh attkdif'Dtufpf&HyHkaiGESihf ywfouf
onfhpdk;&drfylyefr_rsm; jyefvnfay:xGufvmonf? ‚if;wdk@.ESpfpOfcef@rSef;csufxJwGif ,ltifefattkdif
'DtufpfESihf urBmhusef;rma&;tzJG@}uD;wkd@u 2005 ckESpfwGif attkdif'Dtufpfa=umifh vl 3 '\r
1 oef;aoqHk;cJh+yD; vl 5 oef;cef@ tdwfcsftkdifAGDykd;ul;pufcH&onf[k azmfjyxm;onf? tdwfcsftkdifAGD
(odk@r[kwf) attkdif'DtufpfESifh touf&Sifaexkdifolpkpkaygif;rSm 40 '\r 3 oef; txd pHcsdefwif
&SdcJhonf?
2006 ckESpf - attkdif'Dtufpfa=umihf ,cktcg vlaygif; 25 oef;ausmf aoqHk;oGm;+yD[k ,ltifef

attkdif'DtufpftzJG@u qkdonf? okd@&mwGif tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfESifh touf&Sifaexdkifol
ta&twGufudk 38 '\r 6 oef;txd&Sdonf[k jyefvnfjyifqifcJh+yD;/ tcsKd@EkdifiHrsm;rSty ul;puf
r_E_ef;rSm ,cktcgwnf+idrfae+yD[kqkdonf? ukvor*~taxGaxGnDvmcHuvnf; 2001 ckESpfwGif
a=unmcsufxkwfjyef+yD;uwnf;u wkd;wufr_tajctaeudkoHk;oyf&eftwGuf txl;tpnf;ta0;
udk usif;yonf?
attkdif'Dtufpfa=umihf
,cktcg vlaygif; 25 oef;ausmf
aoqHk;oGm;+yD[k
,ltifef attkdif'DtufpftzJG‹u qkdonf?

NGOs tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpfta&;udpPtwGuf vkyfukdifaqmif&Gufaeaom
Useful References
xkdif;EkdifiH&Sd tpkd;&r[kwfaom tzJGŒtpnf;rsm;
1? AIDS ACCESS FOUNDATION

URL: www.aidsaccess.com
w,fvDzkef; - 02-372-222 ESifh 02-372-2114
ACCESS tzGJ@onf xkdif;EkdifiHwGiftajcpdkufI ±kH;okH;±kH;zGifhvSpfxm;&dSonf? xdk±kH;rsm;tm;vHk;onf

wlnDaomudpPe,fy,frsm;twGuf t"duxm;Iaqmif&Gufonf? odk@aomf ±kH;wckcsif;pDY txl;jyK
aqmif&Gufaom oufqkdif&me,fy,frsm;&dSonf?
Ð beffaumuf±kH;
1991 ckESpfwGif befaumuf±kH;ukd wnfaxmifcJhonf? befaumuf±kH;onf w,fvDzkef;jzifht=uH^m%f

ay;jcif;/ rsufESmcsif;qkdift=uHay;vkyfief;rsm;/ aq;cef;/ tdrfwkdif&ma&muftultnDay;jcif;/ vdif
ynmay;ESifh vdifykdif;qkdif&maqmif&efa&Smif&efudpP&yfrsm; ynmay;jr‡ifhwifjcif; tp&dSonfhoifwef;
rsm; zGifhvSpfydk@csaqmif&Gufay;aeonf?
Ð uefcsebl&D (xdkif;EkdifiHta&S@jcrf;)
1997 ckESpfwGif wnfaxmifonf? vdifynmay;oifwef;rsm;ESifh ynmay;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm; aqmif&Guf

onf?
Ð csif;±kdif (xkdif;EkdifiHajrmufykdif;)
cGef[Jef/ w,fvDzkef; 053-716-212 ESifh 053-717-897
1992 ckESpfwGifwnfaxmifcJhonf? tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfESifh aexkdifaeoluav;rsm;t

wGuf vdktyfaomaq;;0g;ukor_rsm;jzpfonfh attm&fAGDaq;0g;rsm; trSefwu,f&&dSap&ef aqmif
&Gufjcif;/ xdkudpPrsm; wpkdufrwfrwfaqmif&GufEkdifa&;/ ynmay;vkyfief;rsm;/ tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhae
xkdifaeol uav;rsm;.rdom;pkrsm;udk ulnDay;jcif;ESifh oufqkdif&mvlr_tokdif;t0kdif;rS udk,fwkdif
yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufvm=uap&ef tm;ay;jr‡ifhwifjcif; tp&dSonfh vkyfief;rsm;udkaqmif&Gufay;
onf?
Ð Grater Mekong Sub-Region (GMS) rJacgifjrpf0Srf;a'o

Useful References
rJacgifjrpf0Srf;a'otwGif;&dS EkdifiHrsm;ESifhtwlyl;aygif;I a'oqkdif&m oifwef;tpDtpOfrsm;ukd
vnf; aqmif&Gufonf? The Regional Training Institute ac: a'oqkdif&moifwef;rsm;ydk@csr_tzGJ@
onf AIDS ACCESS tzGJ@/ tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfESifh aexkdifaeolrsm;uGef,uftzJG@ ac:
Thai Network of People Living with HIV/AIDs (TNP+)/ Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF
–Belgium) e,fjcm;rJhq&m0efrsm; (b,f*sD,H) tzGJ@wdk@ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufaeonfh yl;wJGtzGJ@
tpnf;jzpfonf? tqdkygtzGJ@oHk;zGJ@onf yl;wJGtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tjzpf twlvufwGJI jyKpkukojcif;/
ynmay;jcif;/ ulnDaxmufyHhjcif;/ jr‡ifhwifa&;oifwef;rsm;ydk@csjcif;wdk@udk aqmif&GufvmcJhonfrSm
q,fESpfausmfvmcJh+yDjzpfonf? a'oqkdif&moifwef;ydk@csr_tzGJ@onf xkdif;EkdifiHtygt0if a'owGif;&dS
tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpftzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ vlxktajcjyKtkyfpkrsm;/ tdwfcsftkdifADG§attkdif'D
tufpfjzifhaexkdifae&olrsm;/ ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh ausmif;rsm;tp&dSonfwdk@twGuf rGrf;rHoifwef;
trsm;tjym;udk ydk@csay;cJhonf?
tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpf jyKpkukojcif;vkyfief;rsm;twGuf a'oqkdif&moifwef;tpDtpOfrsm;

The Regional Training Project onf AD,uferf/ uarBm'D;,m;/ w±kwfEkdifiH,leefjynfe,f/
vmtdkESifh jrefrmEkdifiHrsm;wGif oifwef;rsm;zGifhvSpfydk@csaqmif&Gufaeonf? tdEdN,ESifh eDaygEkdifiHrsm;
wGif tvm;wlaqmif&Gufaeonf? oifwef;rsm;ydk@csjcif;rSwqifh tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpf
udpP aqmif&GufaeonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh vkyfom;rsm;. pGrf;&nfjrifhwufvmap&ef qufvuf
aqmif&Gufaeonf? xdkodk@aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpfvkyfom;rsm;ESifh ul;puf
ysH@ESH@r_'%fudk cHpm;ae&aomolrsm;ESifh ‚if;wdk@. vlr_tokdif;t0dkif;wdk@.t=um; tjyeftvSefykl;
aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif; ydkrdkwdk;wufaumif;rGefvmaponf?
oifwef;tpDtpOfrsm;rSwqifh a'owGif; tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfysH@ESH@r_cHpm;ae&aom vl

yk*~dKvfrsm;twGuf vdktyfaomtultnDESifh 0efaqmifr_vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&GufaeaomtzGJ@
tpnf;rsm;. usef;rma&;/ ynma&;/ jyKpkukoulnDay;a&;tp&dSonfh pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm; ydkrdk
aumif;rGefvmap&ef wnfaqmufaeygonf?
a'oqkdif&moifwef;tpDtpOftzGJ@taejzifh oifESifhoifhtzGJ@udkulnD&eftwGuf vdktyfaomoif

wef;rsm;udk ydk@csay;&ef enf;vrf;rsm;pGm xm;&dStoHk;jyKaeygonf? Tpmtkyfi,fxJwGif yg0ifaom
tcsuftvufowif;rsm;onf oifESifhoifhtzGJ@twGuf rnfodk@aom oifwef;trsKd;tpm;rsm;
vdktyfaea=umif;udk !$efjyay;ygvdrfhrnf?
2? bwferfhzl;bkef;}uD;ausmif;/ avmhbl&Djynfe,f&Sd xrm&wfuftzJG@ (Thammarak Foundation)
Kao Sam Yod district, Muang, Lopburi, 15000

URL: www.aidstemple.th.org
Useful References
w,fvDzkef; - 081-831-3441 ESifh 036-413-805/ vkdif;cJG - 106

zufpf - 036-422-600
tD;ar;vf - aidstemple@hotmail.com, budaids@hotmail.com, phrabatnampu@hotmail.
com
tqdkygbkef;awmf}uD;ausmif;wGif attkdif'DtufpfcHpm;ae&olrsm;twGuf ukwif (400) qef@

aom jyKpkapmifha&Smufa&;Xme&dSonf? ukr`%Drsm;ESifh woD;yk*~vtvª&Sifrsm;. axmufyHhr_jzifh
vnfywfaejcif;jzpfonf?
jyKpkapmifha&Smufa&;ESifh pDrHcef@cGJa&;udpPrsm;twGuf wvv#ifbwfaiGESpfoef; tar&duefa':vm

40000 (av;aomif;) cef@ukefusonf? vufcH&&dSaomtvªaiGyrm%onf rlvu xdkukefus
p&dwfrsm;tm;umrdcJhaomfvnf; xkdif;EkdifiHpD;yGm;a&;usoGm;onfh ZlvkdifvrSpI tcuftcJ
rsm;ESifh &ifqkdifvm&onf? vpOfvufcH&&dSaom tvªaiGyrm%onf wvv#if bwfaiGESpfodef;/
tar&duefa':vm 4000 (av;axmif) txdavsmhusoGm;cJhonf? xdktusKd;qufa=umifh attkdif
'DtufpfESifhaexkdifaeolrsm;xJrS usef;rma&;aumif;I oefpGrf;olrsm;tm; =um;umvtwGif;
rdrdae&yf&if;odk@ jyefvnfaexkdif&eftwGuf apv$wfcJh&onf?
3? xkdif;vli,fv_yf&Sm;r_tpDtpOf (csif;rkdif) THAI YOUTH ACTION PROGRAM, Chiang

Mai
URL: www.tyap.org
w,fvDzkef; - 053-274-157 ESif 053-808-493
rkdbkdif; - 086-654-5144
zufpf - 053-808-498
tD;ar;vf - tyap@loxinfo.co.th
1995 ckESpfwGif wnfaxmifI 2004 ckESpfwGif w&m;0ifrSwfyHkwifcJhonf? xddkif;vlxkt=um;wGif

xkdif;,ufyf Thai Yap [kvlodrsm;onf? TtzGJ@onf vdifynmay;/ usm;rvdifuGJjym;jcif;ESifh
wef;wlnDr#a&;/ vdifwlcsif;qufqHonfhudpPrsm;/ rl;,pfaq;0g;/ uav;rsm;tcGifhta&;/ vli,f
uGef,ufrsm;wnfaqmufjcif;ESifh owif;uGef,ufrsm;wnfaqmufjcif; tp&dSonfh udpPrsm;udk
tav;ay;aqmif&Gufonf? vpOfvwkdif; TtzGJ@taejzifh tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpf ESifhpyf
vsOf;onfhv_yf&Sm;r_rsm; aqmif&Gufonf? Oyrmtm;jzifh uGef'kH;rsm;a0iSjcif;/ vli,frsm;twGuf
owif;axmufynmoifwef;rsm;ydk@csjcif;ESifh oifwef;q&mjzpfoifwef;rsm; jyKvkyfjcif;wdk@jzpfonf?
+yD;cJhonfhESpfwGif vli,frsm;t=um; tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpf umuG,fa&;twGuf v_yf&Sm;r_
trsm;tjym; aqmif&GufcJhonf?

4? uav;oli,frsm; ulnDapmifha&Smufa&;tzGJ@ (csif;rkdif)
Useful References
Support The Children Foundation, Chiang Mai
181/208 Moo 3, Potaram Rd., Chotananivade 2 Soi 6, Changpeuk District, Ampur Muang,
Chiang Mai 50300 Thailand
URL: www.support-children.org
w,fvDzkef;ESifh zufpf - 053-408-424
TtzGJ@onf tpkd;&r[kwfaom tzJG@tpnf;wckjzpfonf? attkdif'DtufpfESifhaexkdifae&+yD; pGef@

ypfcH&onfhuav;rsm;udk apmifha&Smuf&eftwGuf 1992 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (2) &ufae@wGif
wnfaxmifcJhonf? xdk@tjyif tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpf ul;pufjyef@yGm;r_rsm; &yfwef@oGm;
ap&ef }udK;yrf;aqmif&Gufzdk@twGufvnf; &nf&G,fxlaxmifcJhjcif;jzpfonf?
TtzGJ@}uD;onf xkdif;EkdifiHwGif tdwfcsftkdifAGDul;pufysH@ESH@r_yrm% pwif}uD;xGm;vmcJhonfh 1992

ckESpfwGif wnfaxmifcJhjcif;vnf;jzpfonf? xdktcsdefu attkdif'DtufpfESifhaexkdifaeaom uav;
rsm;tm; aq;±kHrsm;wGifpGef@ypfxm;cJh=uI vufcHapmifha&Smufrnfhae&m r&dSonfhumvvnf;jzpf
onf? xdk@tjyif xdktcsdefu attm&fAGD aq;0g;rsm;vnf; uav;rsm;twGuf vG,fvG,fESifhr&&dS
Ekdifaom umvvnf;jzpfcJhonf?
xdktcsdefuxm;&dScJhaom pdwful;onf attkdif'DtufpfESifhaexkdifaeaoma=umifh pGef@ypfcH&aom

uav;oli,frsm;tm; rdom;pkqefqeft0ef;t0kdif;wGif xm;&dSulnD apmifha&Smufa&;jzpfonf?
vGefcJhonfhav;ESpfrSpwifI tzGJ@taejzifh tqifhtwef;rDSaom attm&fADGaq;0g;rsm; uav;ol
i,frsm;twGuf yHhydk;ay;EkdifvmcJhonf? xdkumvrSpI apmifha&Smufxm;aom uav;oli,frsm;
aoqHk;jcif;r&dSawmhyJ ul;pufa&m*grsm;. jyef@yGm;E_ef;vnf; ododomom avsmhusoGm;cJhonf?
,cktcg xdkuav;oli,frsm;onf tjcm;aomomrefuav;rsm;uJhodk@ usef;rmI oufawmifh
oufom&dSaom b0tajctaersm;wGif aexkdifv#uf&dSonf?
TtzGJ@}uD;wGif uav;rsm;twGuf csif;rkdif+rdK@wGif apmifha&Smufa&;Xme av;ckzGifhvSpfxm;&dSonf?

Edk@pdk@t&G,f attkdif'DtufpfESifhaexkdifaeoluav; (24) a,muftm; ajcmufOD;pDcGJI XmewckpD
wGifxm;&dSonf? Edk@pdk@t&G,fuav;rsm;udk Todk@cGJIxm;jcif;onf uav;i,fwdk@.obm0t&
ukd,fcHpGrf;tm; vl}uD;rsm;xufedrfhyg;aoma=umifh jyif;xefaomul;pufa&m*grsm; ul;pufcH&vG,f
onf? xdk@a=umifh vltkyfpkxlxyfpGmaexkdifjcif;udk a&Smif&Sm;&efvdktyfaoma=umifhjzpfonf? uav;
oli,frsm;tm; jyifyodk@xGufI vnfywfapjcif;/ a&ul;jcif;/ aps;0,fxGufjcif; tp&dSonfhae&m
rsm;odk@ rdrdudk,fykdifuav;rsm;ozG,f oabmxm;I rSefrSefac:aqmifoGm;avh&dSonf? ,cktcg
apmifha&Smufxm;aom xdkuav;oli,frsm;onf rlvwef;}udKrSpI oHk;wef;txd omrefausmif;
rsm;wGif tcGJjcm;rcH&yJ ynmoif=um;,lae=u+yDjzpfonf?

TtzGJ@. uav;oli,frsm;apmifha&Smufa&; vkyfief;rsm;twGuf ulnDaeaom tvª&Sifrsm;rSm
Useful References
Association Francois-Xavier tzGJ@jzpfI xyfrHulnDaeaomtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rSm British Community

for Needy People ESifh Norwegian Business in Thailand wdk@jzpfonf? vdktyfaeaom attm&f
ADGaq;0g;rsm;udk xkdif;tpdk;& Department of Communicable Disease Control of Ministry of
Public Health/ Glaxo-Wellcome tzGJ@/ Bristo-Myer-Squibbs tzGJ@/ Roche Thailand tzGJ@ESifh
Norwegian Business in Thailand tzGJ@rsm;rSwqifh vufcH&&dSonf?
5? tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfESifh aexkdifaeolrsm;uGef,uftzJG@/ befaumuf ac: THAI

NETWORK OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS (TNP+), Bangkok
URL: www.thaiplus.net
w,fvDzkef; - 02-377-5065
zufpf - 02-377-9719
tD;ar;vf - tnpth@thaiplus.net
TtzGJ@onf xkdif;EkdifiHwGif tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfudpPrsm;udk wufºuGpGmaqmif&Gufaeaom

tzGJ@rsm;xJrS wzGJ@jzpfonf? EkdifiHwumtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;t=um;wGifvnf; TtzGJ@. t&dSefjyif;jyif;
jzifhaqmif&Gufaeaom v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;twGuf txl;todtrSwftjyK cH&aomtzGJ@vnf;jzpfonf?
1995 ESifh 1996 ckESpfrsm;wGif xkdif;EkdifiHtwGif;&dS tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfESifh aexkdifaeol

rsm;udk,fwkdifupwifI ulnDaxmufyHhrnfhtzGJ@rsm;udk zGJ@pnf;&efpwifcJhjcif;jzpfonf? xdkuJhodk@
ulnD axmufyHhrnfhtzGJ@rsm;udk zGJ@pnf;&jcif;.&nf&G,fcsufonf olwdk@udk,fwkdif vlr_e,fy,fxJ
wGif cGJjcm;qufqHcH&jcif;ESifh xkdif;jynfolrsm;t=um; tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfESifh pyfvsOf;
aom todA[kokwenf;yg;jcif;wdk@udk &ifqkdifcJh&jcif;wdk@a=umihfjzpfonf? xdkodk@tkyfpkav;rsm;zGJ@
pnf;I tcsif;csif;awG@qHkum tawG@t=uHKrsm;ESifh &ifqkdifae&aomjy\emrsm;udk rnfodkajz&Sif;
&rnfqdkonfudk aqG;aEG;jcif;jzifh wzGJ@ESifhwzGJ@ pdwfykdif;qkdif&mt& tjyeftvSefulnD=u&efjzpf
onf? xdktzGJ@av;rsm;onf xdktcsdefu xkdif;EkdifiHajrmufykdif;ESifh befaumufwGif &dScJh=uonf?
1995 ckESpf csif;rkdifwGifusif;ycJhonfh tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfESifhaexkdifaeolrsm; tjynf
jynfqkdif&mnDvmcHt+yD;wGif xkdif;EdkifiH.tjcm;aoma'orsm;wGif&dSaom tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'D
tufpfESifhaexkdifaeolrsm;vnf; oufqkdif&mae&ma'orsm;wGif tpktzGJ@rsm;zGJ@pnf;&ef jzpfay:cJh
ayonf? aemufykdif;wGif tm;vHk;aomtzGJ@rsm;pkpnf;I tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfESifhaexkdif
aeolrsm;uGef,uftzGJ@[k zGJ@pnf;vkyfudkifvmcJh=uonf? xdk@tjyif tcsKd@tpkd;&r[kwfaomtzJG@
tpnf;rsm;ESifh tpdk;&Xmeqkdif&m tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rSvnf; tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfESifhae
xkdifaeolrsm; xyfrHItzGJ@tpnf;rsm;zGJ@pnf;Edkif&ef tultnDrsm;ay;cJhonf?
tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfESifhaexkdifaeolrsm;. tzGJ@tpnf;rsm; t"duxm;Iaqmif&Gufaom

v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;rSm tzGJ@0ifrsm;twGif; vdktyfonfhulnDr_rsm;ESifh axmufyHhr_rsm;ay;a&;jzpfonf?
Useful References
vpOfvwkdif; tzGJ@0ifrsm;tcsif;csif;awG@qHkI vkdtyfaomowif;tcsuftvufrsm; yHhydk;ay;jcif;/
rdwfaqGoli,fcsif;rsm;ESifhawG@qHkEkdif&ef pDpOfaqmif&Gufay;jcif; tp&dSonfwdk@udkaqmif&Gufonf?
tu,fI pD;yGm;a&;tajctaeESifh tjcm;tajctaeta=umif;a=umif;a=umifh tpnf;ta0;odk@
rvma&mufEkdifol tzGJ@0ifrsm;xHodk@ tdrfwkdif,ma&muf vnfywfawG@qHkjcif;rsKd;udkvnf; aqmif
&Gufay;onf? tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfESifhaexkdifaeaom uav;oli,frsm;.ynma&;t
wGufvnf; vdktyfaom&HyHkaiGrsm;&&dSapatmif aqmif&Gufay;=uonf? aemufykdif;wGif tdwfcsf
tkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfESifhaexkdifaeolrsm;. tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf vlxktwGif; tdwfcsftkdifAGD§at
tkdif'DtufpfESifhaexkdifaeolESifh ywfoufonfh owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh todynmay;a&;/
tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfESifhaexkdifaeolrsm; &ifqkdifae&aom qufpyfaeonfhjy\emrsm;
udk ulnDajz&Sif;ay;olrsm;tjzpf wqifhwkd;wufajymif;vJvmcJhonf? xdk@tjyif tdwfcsftkdifAGD§at
tkdif'DtufpfESifh aexkdifaeolrsm;udk,fwkdif tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfESifh aexkdifaeolrsm;.
ta&;udpPrsm;udk xdxda&mufa&muf 0ifa&mufyl;aygif;ajz&Sif;&ef wGef;tm;ay;ulnDcJh=uonf?
6? attkdif'Dtufpfqkdif&m tpkd;&r[kwfaom xkdif;vlrsKd;rsm;!Gef@aygif;tzJG@ ac: THAI NGO

COALITION ON AIDS
URL: www.tncathai.org
w,fvDzkef; - 02-953-5355 rS 5356 txd
zufpf - 02-952-5180
tD;ar;vf - tnca@tncathai.org
qufoG,f&ef? ? q&mawmfqmeef 0kwfwdrSm pDattrftzJG@. wm0efcHjzpf+yD; TtzJG@rSm urBmt0Srf;

tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpfta&; vkyfukdifaqmif&Gufaeaom a'ocHtzJG@tpnf;rsm;twGif;
yl;aygif;aqmif&GufonfhtzJG@jzpfonf?
w,fvDzkef; - 081-595-3458
q&mawmfonf tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpfjy\emrsm; pwif}uD;xGm;vmonfh umvu

wnf;u xkdif;EkdifiHajrmufykdif;wGiftajcpdkufum xdkudpPrsm;udkaqmif&Gufaeolrsm;txJrS wOD;jzpf
onf? pDattrf CAM tzGJ@onf tjcm;aomtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifhvnf;vufwGJI AIDS Network
Development Foundation (AIDSNet) tzGJ@taejzifhvnf; aqmif&Gufaeonf? TtzGJ@tpnf;
ESpfckonf Thai Network of People living with HIV/AIDS [kac:onfh TNP+ Upper North
tzGJ@udkvnf; wzufwGifulnDyHhydk;aeonf?
7? 0,f,lpm;okH;olrsm;twGuf azmifa';&Sif; ac: FOUNDATION FOR CONSUMER

EGHxbl&D+rdK@

URL: www. consumerthai.org
Useful References
w,fvDzkef; -02-952-5060 rS 5062 txd

zufpf - 02-580-9337
8? ar#mfvifhcsufa&mifjcnfvkyfief;tpDtpOf Project Hope Thailand

URL: www.projecthopethailand.org
csif;rkdif±kH;
Project HOPE Thailand 248/28 Maneenopparat Rd., Sriphum
Muang, Chiangmai 50200 Thailand
w,fvDzkef; - 053-404-258 ESifh 053-404-259
zufpf – 053-404-260
tD;ar;vf - hopethai@csloxinfo.com
befaumuf±kH;
Project HOPE Thailand 12th floor, Room 1234, 100 Year Memorial Building of Princess
Mother, Department of the Obstretrics Gynecology, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok 10700,
Thailand
tD;ar;vf - hopethaibkk@csloxinfo.com
TtzGJ@tpnf;onf tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfumuG,fa&; udpP&yfrsm;wGif txl;wufºuGpGm

aqmif&Gufaom tzGJ@tpnf;jzpfonf?
The Project HOPE (Health Opportunities for People Everywhere) ac: ae&mwkdif;&Sd
jynfoltrsm;twGuf usef;rma&;tcGifhtvrf;tzGJ@.'\eudk yxrOD;qHk;csrSwfcJholonf T
tzGJ@ }uD;udkwnfaxmifcJhonfh 0DvD,H bD a0gvf&Sf (trf'D) yifjzpfonf? TtzGJ@}uD;. '\erSm
‘uHaumif;aeolrsm;taejzifh TurBm}uD;tm; *±kpkdufapmifha&Smuf&ef rjzpfraewm0efxrf;
aqmif&rnf[krqdkvdkyg? odk@aomf xdkolwdk@. tm;ay;r_/ wm0efcHvdkpdwf&dSr_wdk@jzifh urBm}uD;tm;
ol@tvdkvdkapmifha&Smufvmap&ef ulnDEkdifygonf? t"duusonfrSm oif=um;jcif;jzpfI tajccH
tusqHk;rSm twlwuGyl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;wdk@yifjzpfonf?’ TtzGJ@}uD;onfurBmt0Srf;usef;rm
a&;twGuf a&&SnfwnfwHhEkdifrnfh&v'frsm; csrSwfazmfaqmifEkdifa&;twGuf }udK;yrf;cJhjcif;yifjzpf
onf? vlxkt0ef;t0dkif;twGif; twlwuGyl;aygif;aqmif&Gufvkyfudkifonf? xdkolrsm;twGuf vdk
tyfaomtcGifhta&;rsm;udkzefwD;ay;I um,uH&Sifrsm;udk,fwkdif aqmif&GufEkdifa&;twGuf vnf;
OD;wnfaqmif&Gufonf? usef;rma&;wkd;wufaumif;rGefjcif;udk OD;wnf&nfrSef;csufxm;onf?

t&iftOD;qHk;usaom aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;rSm oifwef;rsm;ESifh todynmay;jcif;rsm;jzpfonf?
Useful References
xdk@tjyif tajctaewckatmufwGif a&wdktm;jzifh vlom;csif;pmemaom aq;0g;qkdif&m tul
tnDrsm;udkvnf; axmufyHhay;tyfonf?
1997 ckESpf tm&SpD;yGm;a&;uyfqkdufaomtcsdefu xkdif;EkdifiHwGif a'gufwmprfy&ifaygifuD;azmif

a';&Sif;udk wnfaxmifoljzpfonfh a'gufwmprfy&ifaygifuD;onf xkdif;EkdifiHajrmufykdif;wGif &dSonfh
ul;pufa&m*grsm; '%fcHpm;ae&onfh a'ocHuav;oli,frsm;tm; tultnDay;yg&ef HOPE
tzGJ@odk@ tultnDrsm;awmif;cHcJhonf? xdkudpPrsm;ESifhqufpyfI 1998 ckESpfwGif Project HOPE
±kH;wckudk xkdif;EkdifiHwGifyxrqHk; pwifwnfaxmifcJhonf? xdktcsdefrSpI HOPE tzGJ@.v_yf&Sm;r_
rsm;ydkrdkus,fjyef@vmcJhonf? ausmif;rsm;wGiftajccHaom tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfumuG,f
a&;vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;/ vlxkudk,fwkdifOD;aqmifonfh tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfumuG,f
a&;vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;/ Pediatric Cardiac Nursing oifwef;tpDtpOfrsm;/ Cervical Cancer
ac: om;tdrfuifqmumuG,fa&;tpDtpOfrsm;ESifh Critical Care Nursing oifwef;tpDtpOfrsm;
tp&dSonfwdk@udk wkd;csJŒvkyfaqmifvmcJhonf?
9? MERCY CENTER, Human Development Foundation (HDF), Bangkok

URL: www.MercyCenter.org
Contact person: Usanee Janngeon, Executive Director: 02 671 5313 ext. 260
tD;ar;vf - usanee@MercyCenter.org
rmpDpifwmonf vlodrsm;onfh tpkd;&r[kwfaomtzJG@tpnf;wckjzpfI xif&Sm;onfh uufovpf

bkef;awmf}uD;wyg;jzpfaom zmom*sKd;rS xkdif;EkdifiHwGif pwifwnfaxmifcJhjcif;jzpfonf? zmom*sKd;
t"duxm;I aqmif&Gufaomvkyfief;rSm befaumuf+rdK@awmftwGif;&dS uavmifrsm; [kac:onfh
qif;&Jom;&yfuGuftwGif;rS qif;&Jom;rsm;.b0 ydkrdkwdk;wuf&Sifoefaumif;rGefap&ef aqmif&Guf
jcif;yifjzpfonf? xdkpifwmwGif tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifh aexkdifaeonfhuav;rsm;ESifh rdbrJhuav;rsm;
udkvnf; apmifha&Smufonf? xdk@tjyif ta&twGuft&enf;aomfvnf; uavmifrsm;{&d,m
twGif;rS tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdifaeolrsm;udkvnf; apmifha&Smufxm;&dSonf? rmpDpifwm twGif;wGif
aq;±kHtao;pm;/ upm;uGif;/ tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdifaeoluav;rsm; apmifha&Smufa&;a*[m/
yef;jcH/ vlaetaqmifrsm;ESifh ±kH;cef;rsm;xm;&dSonf?
10? New Life Center Foundation, Chiang Mai/ csif;rkdif+rdK@

w,fvDzkef; - 053-263-010
zufpf - 053-263-011
URL: www.newlifecenterfoundation.org
Contact person: Karen Smith
tD;ar;vf - newlife@pobox.com

Useful References
TtzGJ@onf 1994 ckESpfrSpwifI xkdif;EdkifiHtwGif;&dS awmifay:wdkif;&if;om; vlenf;pkrsm;twGuf

tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpfynmay;a&;ESifh umuG,fa&;vkyfief;rsm;qkdif&moifwef;rsm; ydk@cs
ay;aeaomtzGJ@jzpfonf? oifwef;pepfwGif a'ocHbmompum;jzifh a&;om;xm;aom Z,m;rsm;/
erlemyHkpHrsm; yg0ifouJhodk@ Zmwfvrf;rsm;/ upm;enf;rsm;ESifh aw;*DwtpDtpOfrsm;vnf; yg0if
onf? awmifay:a'ocH aus;&Gmaygif; (400) cef@ TtpDtpOfwGif yl;aygif;yg0if=uI ‘awmifay:
wkdif;&if;om;rsm; usef;rma&;vkyfief;tpDtpOf’ udk udk,fwkdifyl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;rl tay:tajc
cHI vkyfukdifaqmif&Gufaejcif;jzpfonf?
11? Empower Thailand, Nonthaburi and Chaing Mai/ EGHxbl&D+rdK@ ESifh csif;rkdif+rdK@
URL: www.empowerfoundation.org
w,fvDzkef; - 02-236-9297 (yufykef;)/ 02-526-8311 (EGHxbl&D)/ 053-282-504 (csif;rkdif)
zufpf - 02-526-3294
URL: badgirls@empowerfoundation.org
TtzGJ@onf tusKd;tjrwf&a&;vkyfaom tzGJ@tpnf;r[kwf? vdifvkyfom;rsm;tm; olwdk@&if

qkdifae&aom vkyfief;cGifESifhqufpyfaeonfh jy\emrsm;tay: t=uH^m%fay; ulnDaxmufyHh
&eftwGuf&nfpl;I zGJ@pnf;xm;jcif;jzpfonf? xdk@tjyif tvkyfESifhqufpyfaeaom usef;rma&;qkdif
&mudpPt&yf&yftwGufvnf; tultnDay;onfhvkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&Gufonf? txl;ojzifh
vlr_ywf0ef;usiftwGif; vdifvkyfom;wdk@ vlom;wOD;taejzifh &&dS&rnfhtcGifhta&;rsm;twGuf
ulnDaqmif&Gufonf? TtzGJ@onf vdifvkyfom;wdk@tm; t=uH^m%frsm;ESifh aiGa=u;tultnDrsm;
udk ‚if;wdk@.ynma&;ESifh b0wkd;wufaumif;rGefvma&;twGufay;±kHru jynfhwefqmvkyfief;rsm;
ESifhqufpyfI Oya't& w&m;0ifjzpfvma&;udkyg 0kdif;0ef;aqmif&Gufaeonf? jynfhwefqmvkyf
ief; w&m;0ifjzpfa&;onf vlr_e,fy,ftwGif; ,cktxd tjyif;txefaqG;aEG;ae&qJudpPvnf;
jzpfonf? jynfhwefqmvkyfief; w&m;0ifjzpfa&;udk wkdufyGJ0ifaejcif;rSm vdifvkyfom;rsm;.tem*wf
twGuf tvkyform;cHpm;cGifhrsm;ESifh tvkyfrStem;,laomtcg vlr_axmufyHha=u;rsm;&&dSap&ef
twGuf&nfpl;I aqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfonf?
TtzGJ@onf tzGJ@0ifrsm;t=um;ESifh uGef,ufwnfaqmufxm;aom tjcm;EkdifiHrsm;rStzGJ@rsm;

t=um; wufwufºuGºuG yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;rsm;udk yHkrSefjyKvkyfonf? TtzGJ@onf t*Fvdyf
bmompum;jzifh ‘Can Do’ [ktrnf&dSaom t&uffqkdifbm;wck wnfaxmifzGifhvSpfxm;onf?
xdkbm;onf ueOD;tprf;ysKd;vkyfief;tpDtpOfwckjzpfI TtzGJ@rS vdifvkyfom;rsm;jzifh pkaygif;zGJ@
pnf;xm;aomqkdifjzpfonf? xdkqkdiftm; 2006 ckESpfwGif pwifwnfaxmifcJh=uonf? vdifvkyfom;
tcsif;csif; ulnDapmifha&Smuf&ef&nfpl;I zGifhvSpfxm;jcif;jzpfonf? vdifvkyfom;rsm;rS vª'gef;onfh
aiGrsm;jzifh r˜wnfI vlr_apmifha&Smufa&;&HyHkaiGw&yfudk wnfaxmifxm;onf?

Useful References
TtzGJ@.aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;onf azsmfajza&;vkyfief;rsm;ESifhqufpyfaeaom vkyfief;rsm;tm;vHk;
. vkyfief;cGifrsm;twGif; vdifvkyfom;rsm;. b0vHkjcHKa&;ESifh vkyfief;cGifw&m;r#wr_ wdk@twGuf
vnf; aqmif&Gufay;aeonf?
CAN DO BAR
Open 6 pm till late
Address: 322 Chiang Mai Land, Chiang Mai
(bright green and red bar near cross street Chiang Mai Land 4)
w,fvDzkef; - 053-278-969
tD;ar;vf - candobar@yahoo.com
12? &yfufxkdif;azmifa';&Sif; ac: RAKSTHAI FOUNDATION, Thailand

URL: www.raksthai.org
CARE Raks Thai (Bangkok)
185 Pradipat Rd., Soi Pradipat 6, Samsen Nai Phayathai,
Bangkok 10400, Thailand
w,fvDzkef; - 02-265-6888
zufpf - 02-271-4467
tD;ar;vf - info@raksthai.org
Contact person: Mr. Udom Likhitwonnawut, Senior Program Coordinator
rkdbkdif; - 081-851-9143
tD;ar;vf - apochana@ksc.th.com
1. Chiang Mai
113/19 Chiang Mai-Lampang Rd., Tambon Tahsala, Amphur Muang, Chiang Mai 50000
tD;ar;vf - raksthai@chmai2.loxinfo.co.th
w,fvDzkef;ESifh zufpf - 053-246-782/ 053-247-695/ 053-308-168
2. Mae Chaem
136 Moo 9Baan naruan Tambon, Tahpha, Amphur Mae Chaem, Chiang Mai 50270
tD;ar;vf - raksthai_mc@raksthai.org
w,fvDzkef; - 053-828-128/ 053-828-334
zufpf - 053-828-334
3. Samerng
76/2 Tambon Samerng Tai, Amphur Samerng Chiangmai 50250

Useful References
CARE/Rasks Thai Foundation tzGJ@onf tpkd;&r[kwfaom tzGJ@tpnf;wckjzpfI xkdif;EkdifiHwGif;

pwifaqmif&GufvmcJhonfrSm tESpf (20) ausmf&dS+yDjzpfonf? ta&;ay:tultnDay;jcif;/ vlxk
twGif; obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm; pDrHcef@cGJjcif;/ tao;pm;pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk jr‡ifhwifay;jcif;ESifh
tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpf umuG,fa&;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfudkifaqmif&Gufonf?
TtzGJ@.ay:vpDrl0g'onf qif;&Jom;rsm;ESifh vlr_0ef;usifwGif; uef@owfz,fxkwfcHae&oltkyfpk

rsm;tm; vdktyfaomt&if;tjrpfrsm; &&dSap&ef ulnDjcif;tm;jzifh ydkrdkvHkjcHKaomb0rsm;wGif vl@
tcGifhta&;t&/ *k%foduQmESifhtwl aexkdifEkdifa&;jzpfonf? TtzGJ@taejzifh atmufazmfjyyg
{&d,mrsm;wGif vkyfukdifaqmif&Gufaeonf?
Ð ob0ywf0ef;usifESifh obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm;
Ð usef;rma&;ESifh tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpfqkdif&m ta&;udpPrsm;
Ð tvkyftudkifwkd;wuf&&dSapa&;
Ð ynma&;
Ð ta&;ay:tultnDrsm;
TtzGJ@}uD;ESifhvufwGJvkyfudkifaeolrsm;rSm æ
Ð awmifay:aevlenf;pkwkdif;&if;om;rsm;
Ð tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'DtufpfESifhaexkdifaeol trsKd;orD;rsm;/ vli,frsm;ESifhuav;rsm;
Ð tdpefe,fpyf (vmtdk/ xkdif;e,fpyf) &dS qif;&Jaomrdom;pkrsm;
Ð rl;,pfaq; ta=umxJodk@ xdk;oGif;oHk;pGJolrsm;
Ð vli,frsm;
Ð qkemrD'kuQonfrsm;
Ð EkdifiHa&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;ESifh ‚if;wdk@.rdom;pkrsm;
13? amfAR
URL: www.hivnat.org
HIV-NAT/The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Chetre
Bangkok, Thailand
Praphan Phanuphak, M.D.
Ramathibodi Hospital
Mahido University
Bangkok, Thailand
Asda Vibhagool, M.D.

URL: www.ra.mahidol.ac.th
Useful References
Research Institute for Health Sciences at Chiang Mai University
Chiang Mai, Thailand
Thira Sirisanthana, M.D.
Partner in Thailand: Asia Pacific Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS (APN+)
amfAR tzGGJ@onf attkdif'Dtufpf okawoeazmifa';&Sif;wckjzpfonf? TtzGJ@onf urBmw0Srf;

vHk;&dS tusKd;tjrwftay:tajcrcHonfh attkdif'DtufpfokawoetzGJ@rsm;xJrS xif&Sm;aomtzGJ@
wckvnf;jzpfonf? umuG,fa&;ESifh jyKpkuko ynmay;a&; udpPrsm;udkvnf; aqmif&Gufonf?
+yD;cJhonfhtESpf (20) twGif; TtzGJ@taejzifh tar&duefa':vm oef;aygif; (250) cef@udk tzGJ@.
tpDtpOfrsm;twGuf urBmtESH@&if;ESD;jr‡KyfESHxm;onf?
befaumufwGif a'oqkdif&m±kH;topfwcktm; r=umrDSumvu pwifzGifhvSpfxm;cJhonf? TtzGJ@

}uD;onf TREAT Asia [kac:onfh tpDtpOfwckudk pwifaqmif&Gufaeonf? Therapeutics
ukxHk; rsm;/ Research okawoevkyfief;rsm;/ Education ynmay;a&;tpDtpOfESifh AIDS Training
attkdif'DtufpfESifhpyfvsOf;onfh oifwef;rsm;udk tm&Sa'otwGif; aqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfonf?
TREAT Asia onf uGef,ufwckjzpfonf? vHkjcHKpdwfcs&I tusKd;oufa&mufr_&dSonfh tdwfcsftkdif
AGD§attkdif'DtufpfukxHk;rsm; tm&Sa'otwGif; jzef@jzL;Ekdif&eftwGuf aq;cef;rsm;/ aq;±kHrsm;/
okawoetzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ vlxktajcjyKtzGJ@tpnf;rsm; tp&dSonfwdk@ESifh vufwGJaqmif&Guf
onf?
TtzGJ@onf tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpfrjyef@yGm;atmif wm;qD;onfh yxrqHk;ay:aygufvm

aom tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;twGif;rS wzGJ@jzpfonf? okawoe/ ynma&;/ todynmjr‡ifhwifa&;ESifh
umuG,fa&;wdk@twGuf &HyHkaiGjr‡ifhwif&SmazGjcif;udk tapmOD;umvrsm;uwnf;u aqmif&GufcJh
aom tzGJ@rsm;xJrSwzGJ@vnf;jzpfonf? ,ckvuf&dS atmifjrifpGmtoHk;jyKaeaom tdwfcsftkdifAGD
Akdif;&yfpf xdef;csKyfonfhaq;0g;rsm; ay:aygufvmap&ef okawoejyKcJhonfh vkyfief;rsm;twGufvnf;
xdktzGJ@rS&HyHkaiGrsm; vª'gef;cJhonf? amfAR tzGJ@onf tusKd;tjrwfudk y"merxm;aom/ pepfus
aom ynm&SiftzGJ@tpnf;jzpfonf?
14? POPULATOIN AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION (PAD)

URL: http://www.pda.or.th/eng/psoitive_project.htm for the loan program for HIV
–positive people or http;//www.pda.or.th for first page
6 Sukhumvit 12, Klongtoey, Bangkok 10110
w,fvDzkef; - 02-229-4611 rS 4628
zufpf - 02-229-4632

tD;ar;vf - pda@pda.or.th
Useful References
Contact person:
Mr. Songnam Ritwanna, Division Director and Director or Chiang Rai Office
w,fvDzkef; - 053-719-167/ 053-740-240 vkdif;cJG - 401
zufpf - 053-718-869
tD;ar;vf - crpda@hotmail.com
Mr. Worapoj, Division Head
w,fvDzkef; - 053-740-240 vkdif;cJG - 404
rkdbkdif; - 081-992-3943
zufpf - 053-718-869
URL: www.pda.or.th/chaingrai
TtzGJ@tm; 1974 ckESpfwGif pwifwnfaxmifcJhonf? xkdif;EkdifiHtwGif;&dS tapmqHk;xlaxmifcJhonfh

tpkd;&r[kwfaom tzJG@tpnf;rsm;teuf wzJG@jzpfonf? befaumufrSaeI pDrHuGyfuJonf?
xkdif;EkdifiHe,fpGefe,fzsm;a'o (16) ckwGif oufqkdif&mXmecGJrsm;ESifh ±Hk;cGJrsm;&dSonf? vlOD;a&ESifh
vlxkzGH@+zdK;wkd;wufa&;toif; ac: yD'Dat.ay:vpDrl0g'onf a'ocHvlrsm;omv#if olwdk@a'o
ESifhqDavsmfaom a&&SnfwnfwHhrnfh zGH@+zdK;wkd;wufr_rsm;udkyHkazmf&ef toifhawmfqHk;jzpfonf[l
aom cH,lcsufyifjzpfonf? yD'Datonf a'ocHvlrsm;tm; olwdk@.tusKd;pD;yGm;twGuf olwdk@
udk,fwkdif aqmif&GufvmEkdifap±kHru a'ocHrsm;twGif; tpDtpOfcsrSwfolrsm;/ refae*smrsm;ESifh
acgif;aqmifrsm; ay:aygufvmap&ef ueOD;}udK;yrf;cJhonfh tzGJ@}uD;vnf;jzpfonf?
yD'Datonf 28 ESpfwmtwGif; &&dScJhaomtawG@t=uHKrsm;rSwqifh vuf&dSwnf&dSaeaom vlr_pD;yGm;

a&;jy\emtaxGaxGrsm;udk wkef@jyefajz&Sif;Ekdif&eftwGuf acwfESifhtnD topfwDxGifjcif;/ ajymif;
vJjcif;rsm;udkvnf; qufvufaqmif&Gufaeonf?
yD'Datonf xkdif;EkdifiH. aus;vufESifh +rdK@jya'orsm;twGif; rdom;pkpDrHudef;tpDtpOfudk pwif

taumiftxnfazmfcJhonfh tzGJ@}uD;vnf;jzpfonf? xdktcsdefu rdom;pkpDrHudef;tpDtpOfonf
xkdif;EkdifiHwGif vlodenf;ao;onfhtjyif xdkodk@aqmif&Guf&efvdktyfonfh tajctaeenf;emrsm;
&Sm;yg;aeao;onfhumvvnf;jzpfonf? tjcm;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;taejzifh puf±kHvkyfom;rsm;/ awmif
ay:wkdif;&if;om;vlenf;pkrsm;ESifh q,fausmfouft&G,fvli,frsm;. usef;rma&;qkdif&mudpPrsm;
udk t"duypfrSwfxm;I aqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfonf? usef;rma&;,lepftzGJ@rsm;ESifh vkyftm;ay;olaygif;
waomif;ESpfaxmifwdk@rSwqifh aus;&Gmaygif;waomif;ausmftwGif; yÉdoaE<wm;aq;rsm; jzef@jzL;
ay;EkdifcJhonf? ,ae@wGif yD'DattzGJ@.aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;onf wEkdifiHvHk;.oHk;yHkwyHk yrm%txd
&dSaeonf? EkdifiHvlOD;a& wdk;yGm;E_ef;udk 3³2µ rS 1µ odk@avsmhusatmif aqmif&GufEkdifcJhonf?

Useful References
yD'DattzGJ@}uD;onf xkdif;EkdifiHtwGif; tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpf jyef@yGm;vmjcif;ESifh tEœ&m,fudk
yxrOD;qHk; owday;cJhonfhtzGJ@rsm;xJrS wzGJ@jzpfonf? xdk@twGuf xkdif;EkdifiHajrmufykdif;ESifh
befaumuf wdk@wGif attkdif'Dtufpfjyef@yGm;jcif;udk enf;rsKd;pHkoHk;I ckcHumuG,fwm;qD;jcif;/ vdktyf
aom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;jzef@a0jcif;/ apmifha&Smufa&;Xmersm; zGifhvSpfaqmif&Gufjcif;wdk‹udk
us,fus,fjyef@jyef@pwifvkyfaqmifEkdifcJhonf? EkdifiHqkdif&m attkdif'Dtufpfynma&;tpDtpOfwnf
axmifcJhjcif;twGuf tultnDrsm;ay;cJhonf? xdk@tjyif Positive Partnership Project wnf
axmifjcif;udk pwifcJhonfhtzGJ@vnf;jzpfonf? xdktpDtpOfonf tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdifaeolrsm;
udk ‚if;wdk@udk,fykdif tao;pm;pD;yGm;a&;rsm;xlaxmifI olwkd@udk,fudkolwkd@ jyefvnfapmifha&Smuf
Edkifatmif aiGa=u;t&if;tESD; rwnfay;jcif;jzpfonf?
15? New Life Center Foundation

URL: www.newlifecenterfoundationl.org
P.O. Box 29, Chiang Mai 50000
tD;ar;vf - newlife@pobox.com
Contact person: Karen Smith, Director
TtzGJ@onf trsKd;orD;i,frsm; tvkyform;tcGifhta&; csKd;azmufcH&jcif;/ vkyftm; acgif;yHkjzwfcH

&Ekdifonfh tvkyfcGifrsm;twGif; rusa&mufa&;ponfwdk@twGuf &nfpl;zGJ@pnf; xm;jcif;jzpfonf?
xdk@aemuf vkyftm;acgif;yHkjzwfcHxm;&onfh trsKd;orD;i,frsm;tm; tumtuG,fay;a&;ESifh
jyefvnfjyKpkysKd;axmifay;a&;wdk@yg aqmif&Guf&efvdktyfvma=umif;udk awG@&dSvmcJhonf? (Oyrm
tm;jzifh jynfhwefqmcef;rsm;/ puf±Hkrsm;/ tzdEdSyfcHae&onfh tdrfazmf vkyfief;rsm;twGif;) tp&dS
onfwdk@jzpfonf? TtzGJ@onf tjcm;tpkd;&r[kwfaomtzJG@rsm;/ xkdif;tpdk;& vlom;vHkjcHKa&;ESifh
vlr_apmifha&Smufa&;Xme/ xkdif;&JwyfzGJ@ tp&dSonfrsm;ESifhvnf; yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufonf? TtzGJ@
taejzifh ESpfpOfESpfwkdif; tEkdifusifhzdESdyf acgif;yHkjzwfcH&onfh trsKd;orD;i,ftajrmuftjrm;tm;
xdkvkyfief;cGifrsm;twGif;rS u,fwifay;EkdifcJhonf?
TtzGJ@}uD;wGif vma&mufaexkdifonfh trsKd;orD;wOD;csif;pDonf wOD;csif;pD. =uHKawG@cJh&aom

jy\emrsm;tvkduf ulnDjyKpkapmifha&Smufay;jcif;cH&onf? xdktpDtpOfrsm;xJwGif pdwfykdif;qkdif&m
ESifh aq;0g;ukor_/ ART therapy ukor_/ ukd,fykdif0ifaiG&&dSvmap&eftwGuf oif=um;v_yf&Sm;r_
rsm;/ t=uHn%fay;jcif;jzifh ukor_tp&dSonfwdk@yg0ifonf? tajctaeqdk;rsm;xJrS vGwfajrmuf
vmaom trsKd;orD;i,frsm;tm; TtzGJ@}uD;Y apmifha&Smufay;I vdktyfvmaomtajctae
rsm;wGif ynmqufvufoifap&efESifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;oifwef;rsm; qnf;yl;Ekdif&ef
tultnDay;onf? tu,fI trsKd;orD;i,frsm;onf vlukeful;jcif;cH&aom tajctaeatmuf
rS vGwfajrmufvmolrsm;qdkygu TtzGJ@}uD;taejzifh xdktrsKd;orD;i,frsm; ae&if;&yfodk@ acsmacsm

armarm jyefEkdif&eftwGufvnf; tjcm;tpkd;&r[kwfaomtzJG@rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&GufI tul
Useful References
tnDay;onf? (Oyrm- jrefrm/ w±kwfEkdifiHrsm;)
16? Health Project For Tribal People

URL: www.imemf.org (IMEM Foundation)
w,fvDzkef; - 053-304-659
Contact person: Khun Kansinee Jirakun (Noon), Program Coordinator
rkdbkdif; - 089-166-2978
TtzGJ@udk zGJ@pnf;cJhonfrSm ESpf (20) ausmf&dScJh+yDjzpfonf? TtzGJ@taejzifh awmifay:aevlenf;pk

wkdif;&if;om;rsm;.b0 ydkrdkwdk;wufaumif;rGefvmap&eftwGuf aqmif&Gufaeonf? txl;ojzifh
usef;rma&;/ v,f,mpkdufysKd;a&;ESifh ynma&;wdk@wGif tultnDay;aqmif&Gufaeonf? 1980 ck
ESpfumvrsm;wGif awmifay:wkdif;&if;om;vli,frsm; v,f,majrvkyfief;rsm;udkpGef@ypfI +rdK@}uD;
rsm;odk@ ajymif;a&$@tvkyftudkif&SmazGjcif; ydkrdkrsm;jym;vmonf? xdktcsdefumvrsm;rSpwifI tzGJ@
vkyfief;rsm;tm; trsKd;orD;rsm;ESifh uav;oli,frsm; apmifha&SmufulnDjcif;twGuf vkyfief;rsm;
ydkrdkwdk;csJ@vmcJhonf? vGefcJhonfh (12) ESpfwmumvrSpwifI TtzGJ@onf tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdif
aeaom rdbrJhuav;rsm;tm;apmifha&Smuf&ef pifwmwckzGifhvSpfxlaxmifcJhonf? xdkpifwmwGif
uav;wkdif;onf tcrJ@ynmoif=um;cGifhESifh aexkdifcGifh&&dSonf? ,cktcg xdkrdbrJhuav;rsm;
twGif;rS touft&G,ft}uD;qHk;olonf touf (21) ESpf&dS+yDjzpfonf? uav;trsm;pkrSm
EkdifiHrJhuav;rsm;jzpfI ynma&;+yD;qHk;aomfjim;vnf; ra&&mraocsmaomtem*wfudk &ifqkdifae
=u&onf?
rwluJGjym;aom bmompum;&Sdolrsm; zkef;qufvmEkdif&eftwGuf qufoG,f&ef -

vm;[lbmompum;twGuf - ql&mcsKdif cD&dqefwduGef/ *sLd;puf tkd&mc|ef0ufuif Surachai
Khirisantikul, Joseph Orachunwekin
u&ifbmompum;twGuf - y&DcsD c|rf-irf'D/ y&if,m qmrmcspfaqG-igrf/ uefpDeD *sD&mwGef;
Preechi Chom-ngarndee, Prinya Samachitsuay-ngarm, Karnsini Jiratoon
vDql;bmompum;twGuf - pGrf±kxkdif qmxmxm0DuGef/ ql&m'uf em0efEkzmyf Somruthai
Sathathaweekul, Suradej Nawanupharb
tcgbmompum;twGuf - qmof0Gef El,ef@v,f Sathworn Nuenglae
17? Bangkok Rainbow Organiszation, Bangkok

URL: www.bangkokrainbow.org
Bangkok Rainbow Organization
37 Phadipat Rd. 21, Samsaenai, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400
rkdbkdif; - 089-039-1919 ESifh 086-607-1069

tD;ar;vf - bangkokrainbow@yahoo.com
Useful References
TtzGJ@udk 2002 ckESpfwGif wnfaxmifcJhonf? wnfaxmifolrsm;onf tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'D
tufpfvkyfief;rsm; aqmif&Gufaeonfh tpkd;&r[kwfaomtzGJ@rsm;/ vdifESifhusef;rma&;aqmif&Guf
aeaomtzGJ@rsm;tygt0if tjcm;tpkd;&r[kwfaomtzGJ@rsm;rS tzGJ@0ifrsm;vnf;yg0if=uonf?
TtzGJ@.&nf&G,fcsufonf trsKd;om;csif;vdifqufqHaom q,fausmfouft&G,fvli,frsm;tm;
vdktyfaomtultnDrsm;ESifh pdwfykdif;qkdif&m taxmuftulrsm;ay;&efjzpfonf? zGJ‹pnf;+yD;onfh
tcsdefrSpI TtzGJ@tpnf;onf vdifuGJjym;r_qkdif&mudpPrsm;/ txl;ojzifhvdifwl qufqHolrsm;
ac: Gay rsm;.tcGifhta&;jr‡ifhwif&ef/ vdifwlqufqHolrsm;tay: vlr_e,fy,ftwGif; em;vnf
vmap&ef/ ,if;wkd@twGif; pdwfykdif;qkdif&m'%f&m&r_udk ukpm;&efESifh cGJjcm;qufqHcH&jcif;rsm;
tp&dSonfhudpPrsm;twGuf tvkyf±HkaqG;aEG;yGJtrsm;tjym;wGif wufºuGpGmaqmif&GufaeaomtzGJ@
jzpfonf? TtzGJ@onf ,Ofaus;r_/ ±kyf&SifZmwfvrf;rsm;wGif yg0ifaom vlr_a&;jy\emrsm;
tp&dSonfwdk@. ±kdufcwfr_a=umifh a,mufsm;csif;vdifwlqufqHaeaomoltm; cGJjcm;cH&r_ESifh
pdwf'%f&m&&dSr_wdk@tay:tajcwnfaom aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;udk r=umr=umjyKvkyfonf?
18? M+
URL: http://www.mplusthailand.com/
Address: 9/2 Samsarn Road, Pra Singh, Muang, Chiang Mai
w,fvDzkef; - 053-814-487 ESifh 053-815-113
tD;ar;vf - kamkadan@hotmail.com
t*Fvdyfvkdtwkdaumuf MPlus ac: trfyvyfpf[laom tzJG@tpnf;onf a,mufsm;tcsif;csif;
vdifwlqufqHolrsm;ESifh cE<mukd,fESifh olwkd@.vdifukd jyKjyifajymif;vJxm;olrsm;twGuf t"du
xm; wm0ef,laqmif&Gufay;aeonf? xkdokd@aomolrsm;twGuf t"duvkyfukdifay;aeonfrSm
txl;ojzifh vdifqufqHjcif;rS ul;pufwwfaoma&m*grsm;/ vkHjcHKpdwfcs&onfhvdifqufqHr_jyKa&;
ESifh tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpfrul;pufa&;twGuf ynmay;oifwef;rsm;ukd trsKd;om;vdift
vkyform;rsm;twGufa&m vdifajymif;xm;olrsm;twGufyg vkyfukdifaqmif&Gufay;aeaom tzJG@t
pnf;wckjzpfonf? TtzJG@rS trsKd;om;vdiftvkyform;rsm; olwkd@.azmufonfrsm;ESifh pum;ajym
nd‡E_dif;Ekdif&eftwGuf t*Fvdyfbmompum;ukdyg oif=um;ay;onf? t"duvkyfief;&nf&G,fcsufrSm
trsKd;om;vdiftvkyform;rsm;twGuf vkyfEkdifcGihfpGrf;&nfukd wkd;jr‡ifhay;jcif;jzpfonf?
19? trsKd;orD;rsm;. usef;rma&;ta&;udpP wGef;tm;ay;vkyfaqmifonfh azmifa';&Sif; Women’s

Health Advocacy Foundation
URL: www.whaf.or.th
12/22 Tessaban-songkroh Raod
Ladyao, Jatujak
Bangkok 10900- Thailand

w,fvDzkef; - 02-591-1224 rS 1225
Useful References
zufpf - 02-591-1099
tD;ar;vf - contact@whaf.or.th
Contact person: Nattya Boonpakdee, Secretary and Coordinator
TtzGJ@onf tusKd;tjrwfudk y"merxm;aom tpkd;&r[kwfaom tzGJ@tpnf;jzpfonf? xkdif;

EkdifiHtwGif; trsKd;orD;rsm;. vdifqufqHa&;udpPrsm;/ usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufa&;ESifh tcGifhta&;
rsm;qkdif&m udpPrsm;twGuf t"dutm;jzifh oufaotaxmuftxm; tcsuftvufrsm;udktoHk;
jyKI ynmay;aqmif&Gufaeonf?
TtzGJ@.,Hk=unfcsufrSm vdifqufqHa&;qkdif&mESifh usef;rma&;apmifha&Smuf jyKpkjcif;wdk@onf

trsKd;orD;rsm;. usef;rma&;twGuf t"duusaomvkyfief;rsm;tjzpf owfrSwfonf? xdktcGifh
ta&;rsm;onfvnf; vlom;wdk@&ykdifcGifh&dSonfh tcGifhta&;rsm;jzpfonf? xkdif;vl@tzGJ@tpnf;onf
usef;rma&;jyKpkapmifha&Smufjcif;ESifh tcGifhta&;rsm;tm; vufoifhcHtodtrSwfjyKonfh vl@tzGJ@
tpnf;jzpfonf[k TtzGJ@rScH,lonf?
tjynfjynfqkdif&m vlOD;a&ESifh zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufr_nDvmcH}uD;rS csrSwfxm;aom v_yf&Sm;r_tpDtpOf

rsm; tygt0if EkdifiHwumrStodtrSwfjyKxm;aom trsKd;rsKd;aomvltcGifhta&; oabmwlnDcsuf
rsm;tay:tajccHI trsKd;orD;rsm;. vdifqufqHa&;qkdif&mESifh usef;rma&;jyKpk apmifha&Smufjcif;
vkyfief;rsm;udk vltrsm; oabmaygufem;vnfvmap&efudkvnf; TtzGJ@}uD;rSaqmif&Gufaeonf?
trsKd;orD;rsm;. vdifqufqHa&;qkdif&mudpPrsm;/ usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufjcif;ESifh tcGifhta&;wdk@
tm; aqmif&Guf&mwGif usm;rvdifuGJjym;r_tay: zdEdSyfcJGjcm;jcif;r&dSyJ wef;wltcGifhta&;&&dSa&;/ nDr#
a&;/ usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_twGuf &&dS&rnfhtcGifhta&;/ azmufonfrsm;ESifh qufqH&mwGif
usef;rma&;twGuf &&dS&rnfhtcGifhta&;/ vlr_w&m;r#wa&; tp&dSonfwdk@tay:wGif rlwnf
tajccHIaqmif&Gufonf? TtzGJ@onf ‚if;wdk@.aqmif&Gufr_rsm;onf trsKd;orD;rsm;.usef;rm
a&;twGuf xdkolwdk@.touft&G,fESifh &yfwnfae&aom vlr_pD;yGm;b0ESifhtnD trSefwu,f
a&mifjyef[yfr_ &dSap&efvnf; aqmif&Gufay;aeonf? tpdk;&Oya'rsm;/ ay:vpDrsm;ESifh usifhxHk;rsm;
onf trsKd;orD;xkt=um; touft&G,ft&jzpfap ,Ofaus;r_t&jzpfap uGJjym;aeonfhwkdif
xdkolwdk@tm;vHk;twGuf tusKd;&dSaprnfh rl0g'ay:vpDrsm;om jzpfoifhonf[k TtzGJ@rScH,lonf?
20? trsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf rdwfaqGo*F[azmifa';&Sif; ac: Friends of Women Foundation

URL: www.friendsofwomen.net
386/61-62 Ratchadaphisek 42, Soi Chalermsuk, Ratchadaphisek Rd, Lardyao, Chatuchak,
Bangkok 10900
w,fvDzkef; - 02-513-1001
zufpf - 02-513-1001

tD;ar;vf - contact@friendsofwomen.net
Useful References
TtzGJ@onf tpkd&r[kwfaom tzGJ@tpnf;wckjzpfonf? 1980 ckESpfwGif trsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf
rdwfaqGo*F[tkyfpk ac: Friends of Women Group qdkonfhtrnfjzifh pwifxlaxmifcJhjcif;
jzpfonf? 1991 ck/ Ekd0ifbmv 5 &ufae@wGif befaumufY Friends of Women Foundation
trnfjzifh rSwfyHkwifcJhI xkdif;EkdifiHjynfxJa&;0ef}uD;XmerS w&m;0iftodtrSwfjyKcJhonf? TtzGJ@.
t"duvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;onf trsKd;orD;rsm;.tcGifhta&;udk umuG,f&efjzpfonf? xdk@xufqdk
&ygu vdift&usL;ausmfapmfum;cH&jcif;/ rvdktyfyJudk,f0ef&&dSvmjcif;/ rdom;pktwGif; t=urf;
zufcH&jcif;/ pGef@ypfcH&jcif;/ vdifvkyfief;rsm;twGuf vlukeful;cH&jcif;/ tvkyfrS rw&m;txkwfcH&
jcif;/ cGJjcm;zdEdSyfcH&jcif; tp&dSonfh'kuQrsm;twGif;rS trsKd;orD;rsm;tm; ulnD&efvnf;jzpfonf?
21? xkdif;EkdifiHattkdif'DtufpftzJG@ AIDS THAILAND

URL: www.aidsthai.org
TtzGJ@tm; usef;rma&;0ef}uD;Xme. a&m*gxdef;csKyfa&;Xmevufatmuf&dS attkdif'Dtufpf/

wDbDESifh vdifqufqHjcif;rS ul;pufonfha&m*grsm;qkdif&mAsL±kdrS xlaxmifcJhjcif;jzpfonf? tdwfcsftkdif
AGD§attkdif'DtufpfESifhpyfvsOf;aom EkdifiHtwGif;jzpfay:wnf&dSaeonfh owif;tcsuftvufrsm;/
aemufqHk;jzpfay:aeaom tajctaet&yf&yfrsm;udk trsm;jynfolwdk@ avhvm=unhf±ªEkdifap&ef
twGuf 0ufbfqkd'fzGifhvSpfumaqmif&Gufay;aeonf? xdkudpPrsm;tm;rod&dSao;aom trsm;jynf
olwdk@tzdk@ wefzdk;&dSaomvkyfief;jzpfonf? wqufwnf;wGifvnf; xkdif;EkdifiHtwGif; tdwfcsftkdif
AGD§attkdif'Dtufpf rjyef@yGm;a&;twGuf rnfodk@atmifatmifjrifjrif xdef;csKyfvkyfaqmifaeonf
udkvnf; tqdkyg0ufbfqkd'frSwqifh avhvmod&dSEkdifonf?
22? xkdif;EkdifiHtwGif;&Sd a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;t=um; tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpf }udKwif

umuG,fa&;tzJG@ Prevention of HIV/AIDS Among Migrant Workers in Thailand
URL: www.phamit.org
TtzJG@ukd t*Fvdyfvkdtwdkaumuf PHAMIT jrefrmvkd zmrpf [kac:+yD; vlodrsm;aomtzGJ@

vnf;jzpfonf? attkdif'Dtufpf/ wDbDESifh iSufzsm;a&m*gwdk@tm; umuG,fwkdufzsuf&efjzpfI *vdk
b,fzef; Global Fund ac: urBmh&HykHaiGtzGJ@rS bÀma&;t& ulnDaxmufyHhay;xm;onf? TtzGJ@
wGif tpkd;&r[kwfaom tzJG@aygif; (8) zGJ@ESifh twlwuGyg0ifyl;aygif; aqmif&Gufaeonf? xdktzGJ@
rsm;rSm &HykHaiGukd vufOD;rl&if;&&Sdaom &wfufxkdif;azmifa';&Sif; Raks Thai Foundation (the
Principle Recipient)/ pDattm&f[k t*Fvdyfvkdtwkdaumufac:Ekdifonfh attdkif'Dtufpfqkdif&m
tcGifhta&;vkyfief;Xme Center for Aids Rights (CAR)/ xkdif;EkdifiH 0gvf'f Apf&Sif; World Vision
Foundation of Thailand/ yghof PATH/ pw,fvm rJ&pfpifwm Stella Maris Center/ a&$@
ajymif;tvkyform;rsm; tultnDjyKa&;azmifa';&Sif; MAP Foundation/ trfyg0g (csif;rkdif)

Empower (Chiang Mai) ESifh zwfxem&wfuf azmifa';&Sif; Pattanarak Foundation wdk@jzpf
Useful References
=uonf? xdkpkaygif;vkyfaqmiftzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf xdkif;EkdifiHc±kdifaygif; (20) twGif; usef;rma&;

0ef}uD;Xme/ a'ocHusef;rma&;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpf ul;pufr_um
uG,fwm;qD;a&;twGuf yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufaeonf? xdk@tjyif a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;/ olwdk@.
rdom;pkrsm;ESifh vdifvkyfom;rsm;.b0 wkd;wufaumif;rGefvmapa&;twGufvnf; aqmif&Guf
ay;aeonf?
TtzGJ@. &nfrSef;csuftpDtpOfrsm;onf xkdif;EkdifiHtwGif;&dS a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;t=um;

tdwfcsftkdifAGDtopf ul;pufr_avsmhusapa&;ESifh xkdif;/ uarBm'D;,m;/ jrefrmEkdifiHrsm;twGif;wGif
tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpf avsmhusapa&;udkvnf; aqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfonf? xkdif;EkdifiHc±kdif
aygif; (21) c±dkiftwGif; aqmif&Gufvkyfukdifaeonf? txl;ojzifh xkdif;EkdifiHESifh e,ferdwfxdpyfae
onfh ajrmufykdif;/ taemufykdif;ESifh awmifykdif;a'orsm;wGif ypfrSwfxm;I vkyfudkifaqmif&Gufae
=uonf?
TtzGJ@onf a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I aqmif&Gufaeonfh tenf;i,fr#om&Sdaom

tzGJ@rsm;xJrS wzGJ@jzpfonf? EdkifiHaygif;rsm;pGmrS vma&muftvkyfvkyfudkifaeaom a&$@ajymif;tvkyf
orm;rsm;ESifhywfoufI owif;tcsuftvufrsm; jynfhpHkpGm&dSaomtzGJ@vnf;jzpfonf? owif;
axmufrsm;twGuf owif;t&if;tjrpfaumif;rsm; &&dSEkdifaponfhtzGJ@vnf;jzpfonf?
TtzGJ@onf at*sifpDtzGJ@tpnf;pkpkaygif; (9) zGJ@rS pkaygif;vkyfudkifaeaomtzGJ@jzpfI vdktyfaom

owif;tcsuftvufrsm; &&dSvdkygu TtzGJ@.0ufbfqkd'fwGif oGm;a&muf=unhf&_Ekdifonf?
23? tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdifaeol xkdif;trsKd;orD;rsm;uGef,uf Thai Positive Women Network

Contact person for the Northern Network: Rattanai Sopharat
rkdbkdif; - 087-177-5396/ 085-030-1963
TtzGJ@onf 1999 ckESpfwGif e,fpGefe,fzsm;rS trsKd;orD; (13) OD;jzifh pwifwnfaxmifcJhonf?

TtzGJ@. aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;rS xGufay:vmaom &v'frsm;t& tdwfcsftkdifAGD§attkdif'Dtufpf
ESifh ywfoufI oufqkdif&mvlxktwGif; q,fESpfausmf ynmay;ydk@csjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfcJhaomfvnf;
tdwfcsftkdifAGDESifhaexkdifaeaom trsKd;orD;rsm;taejzifh pdwfykdif;qkdif&m'%f&m&r_rsm; &dSaeao;I
xdkolrsm;tay: cGJjcm;qufqHjcif;rsm;vnf; &dSaeao;a=umif;awG@&onf? xdkjy\emrsm; quf&dS
ae&jcif;onf vdktyfaomowif;tcsuftvufrsm; jynfhpHkpGmr&&dSjcif;ESifh ynma&;t& tm;enf;
aeao;I jzpfa=umif;udkvnf; awG@&dS&onf?
TtzGJ@. vkyfief;tpDtpOfonf trsKd;orD;rsm;taejzifh olwdk@.tcGifhta&;rsm;udk em;vnf

vmap&eftwGuf ynmay;a&;jzpfonf? xdk@tjyif vdktyfaomusef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_ ESifh
Useful References
oifwef;rsm;udk tpdk;&taejzifh aqmif&Gufay;&efudk wGef;tm;ay;&efvnf;jzpfonf? xdkodk@aqmif
&Gufjcif;rSwqifh trsKd;orD;rsm;taejzifh olwdk@udk,fwkdif tvkyftukdif&&dSvmap&efvnf; &nfpl;
onf? usm;/rvdifuGJjym;jcif;ESifh vdifqufqHa&;qkdif&mudpPrsm;tm; ynmay;jcif;tm;jzifh rdom;pk
twGif;ESihf tvkyfcGifrsm;twGif; trsKd;om;rsm;ESifh rnfodk@qufqH&onfudk ydkrdkem;vnfvmap&ef
vnf;jzpfonf?
References
HIV/AIDS Materials for Journalism Training, HIV/AIDS Media Guide, International

Federation of Journalists (IFJ), December 2006
The HIV/AIDS Media Guide, Australian Federation of AIDS Organization INC.
Guidelines for Reporting HIV, National AIDS Trust (NAT) & National Union Journalists
(NUJ), (April 2007)
UNAIDS Editor Notes for Authors, (May 2006)
Reporting on HIV/AIDS, Training Manual, Internews, (April 2007)
HIV/AIDS Training Materials, African Women’s Media Center
HIV/AIDS Terminology, Kaiser Family Foundation

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SWEN RET NI Foundation

2 Media Guide for Reporting HIV&AIDS

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Media Guide for Reporting HIV&AIDS 3

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4 Media Guide for Reporting HIV&AIDS

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Media Guide for Reporting HIV&AIDS 5

6 Media Guide for Reporting HIV&AIDS

Media Guide for Reporting HIV&AIDS 7

Media Guide for Reporting HIV&AIDS

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Media Guide for Reporting HIV&AIDS 11

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12 Media Guide for Reporting HIV&AIDS

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Media Guide for Reporting HIV&AIDS 13

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14 Media Guide for Reporting HIV&AIDS

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Media Guide for Reporting HIV&AIDS 15

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16 Media Guide for Reporting HIV&AIDS

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Media Guide for Reporting HIV&AIDS 17

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