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HA\TKING
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LEONARD MLODINOW
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r ton $LNir
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O MAI SCURTA
ISTORIE A TIMPULUI
lnducde d; enslezi si posdqt
GHIORGHE STMTAN
Fntru ilnLul d
M u lt u m ,r i
oHUMAMT^S.2m7.Fdt!p(41h
d @rr I n r
Gdndinddespreunivers
VA6r2, dinen_
rlolcnlr;rfrumuep:.reilcmcrsizc)ziarvim:
a .rtrmrdind pentrur-l preili. Locul pcdrl derin
jnsignln.nt.
$i
illln tst rcsmo3usl prc d$tuIde
lorletie
LnFlc
o
mdumportu
5:
I'tn$rrJn srsim
3Onnc inssiemno insneLr,.sr hblou Cu.irNr
dcrtiin$ {uniispunci r
In unl uncunorcu!om
t B.nnnd Rlsoll) a liDs o hcne plblici dcspft snl.,Elipovanrom
Phinol
serotcJrc
n jurul5oz
doamn4
$ni
"dd
u|n.i F$olsctot arai' iG r"
cotuidm n.i de8nbi
C.i md mld oancnidc
'ivor (l fiindunoLninlinjt
u
tEuhinsrd
ddkohinrBin(r
dairLim
dr Lo$c te*ore ordc* rrebuiiod.m.i
crcdelici
n.i binc? Uieli p.itru o diPi br cesiili sau
r -dspr.5prFU. Pn;\iapo,in 5G lr.erulno(rum Ce
v.\iBindidspE nu\imc, pun.Ielordeluminir sdnlele
nl$.nk, focun? Esreus1 inrgi.c?i'erprezina.lc(0
dNrnr, f'mdo cea r (u{de.u Jsmt * aflr totrc
2
Imagineanoastri evolutivi
despreumvers
I)
$ ini nr edll
oae e
!!iE4ului,
fihd nr
deorec'm1g'iei
ufl v
in ' c mrn u p , e oo b -! . . t i. . I l, I c \ n r c r l , e ls . d \ a p u r
! i. in p lu . a . liF ic l? n n r, i! p u lin p e i ? . r e d . n ! ! r ! u r i l !
(rd . .
ld e r-p lJ n ! rc le . r
u n - u l u n o ,o r e m n ' r ; t
d . t rip c ric . r. r s " , I 'pi r, rrd u f p R ! ! ; 4 { r c r , r ! . r t r
i. c n { irrird c \ r rt ! rin r . u n J t r t d { u q r t l ! r r J p e
(, p k t r" f ip rr. , ! r ru \ n rp ! n, d e r o d 0 1 6 r c l e e l ' p
rne ctr iJeerlo ! nrncFlreiu derei I L( \; {b((..n]
iu ru llo r lu d c f , t u t n i)jn . , i. r L r - e s r e J . r \ n v k n n d
roqcl\ mrtnrrn? drtpr!rr- i trrie.ro. l. pL'.r, r, \!
cuv'ncsi , re.unodon n.rnul d! a fi inkles ci rrcbui.sa
cxirtc o td (a,aspon$bili penrtu n iicde Ads:iiiu .xr licN
licrno vului pentn crrc plDtul. {. .orc$ in iun sorrc
lui r los ol(id al)iaouh;d iirziu, in t637..indsn ku.
Nc*tonsi r Dubli.alPrlororr,r. Ndt|ftlir ?i,.ibja Ma
pr;6$il .u mii i;rFormti dnc aorruii rrcrrmz'.,,
dari in domeniul!riinFlor tizi;c.
ln ,Dttopk, NtMon i ptozenhi o lescmfc a{nnriici toit.
.orpurne in , eprls ranin in
olnnl nr rtp:ur rtih tinp
'nod
i fo.uri, spr d$5cbnc d. irrimsli r
nn Lr smi io trici u
ri
j. r r r ,
i Gi
p! ! m . . (
!trf!
5' t!! r r ; ! ni
r i! r r i_
. r e-
qiqDno.Jd sr drrr, cr
l
cn nicio lorF nu rianszi
ci! ldli
Naturateoriilor stiintifice
r fi.o,lnzif
(^t /.)
:L-
I " " " " r , , .u . , - ; " d - " . " f , , i" Fr . r o i ..r n p r o .u f\r u
q r l i i i "l e ., r ' e
I d ii d e p ; m .p . n . : . p , n r n p , ub l ? m
I
t
i
clninneleicne, eLcdouieoriisunrin.orpltibneuncu
kalilk
dc iupor aimirdou, corctc. UD dftrt eioF
Dii inpoitmti
rurilcdajorealc lizicli dc diziriten.etr
r rrc$li dL4i cnc .iluro un.i noi trorii cxrc s:i L nrglDbeteorix.Dinn.:irgrvihtiei.Nnivemindi
,.pcinindoui
o dcncnca roric i pom ., mri c dc sr:ib:itut un dnn lung
Nn L ! r, d r\ u ' o rf c n d e , r n uk d m r e p ' " p l d { 1 . p .
(rrc krllic \i L ibJ. ti ir opir.kk u mrorre.rcnr \e
src
o.i $ln d.! d.{!1de
'nLlte!idesprcpredi.tiilep.
ucbui. stlc ltr.i o rcoricr snvnaliei.!rntice.
Dr.: mdcti di univ{sul m e*e arbnrr, ci . guycrn.r
lcsi binedefinite,rebuie panah umi sic.dUnlli to
'l{
riilc pa(nle itu o teorieunilnaticompl.ri carevr descrie
kn cc cxisri in univ.6. Dtrr, nr ciuhrei unei renener korn
ud licae conpl.te trpirt un pxfidox tundrnenhl. li cilc dc
su\pR\ufui!inui\un
r|mrc o f lle { lln f t I i. e n h . c ru
s
r
L s nii' n F rio n rle , lb ! c ! b i^ ! u i , \ b u l ! u m J . t \ .
clci si tnsi' concluzildin rclr c! viJ. itu o 8J.1 dc {hcm4
puretrprog'cstot mxinult
orclogic!rpduprndn.i)n
cit!..unoalidcx l.gil.r crc grvtrnerziiuniv{sul no$ru.
'l oturi, drci o tcoric unificat:i conpleti ir exi*i cu idevi
hr,.r n purexproLrLil s:i ne det{njne aciunile a$lcl
cil rcorn ins4i ar derernjna rczul!.tul ciuriiLor DoNre i.
vdss ajungoiih q I li dc e d tieLui teoiixsi derernitu .i doi si ulscm con.luz iile .orecte din d ovezneexnten(lN iipurexeriracrmisitnsem.oncluzii s,asncrSru
ri nu tngenniciun iel d. condu,ii?
Sirgunl r:ispunrpe catuI puL.n (La$6r.rnnrtbiri sc
hMcrzi pc prin.iriul $lc(ici naL!.r1.xl LuiDrfl nr ld..r
.fld.i in oriccpoplLlic dc.rg innc.rerluto,rp.odnc
*r'cxish vrrirlii in inxrcrnlul Borti. si in dezvolhiea fie.i
Iuii' ivid.Ac*tc dilerenFi.sami ci anumii indi'izi sunl
trni mplbilidecir ceibl\i sa krgi $ncluTii corat.d6pre
lN( diniL,rullorji si a.ione?ejn.onsccinF.vr ti mii
f robrIil.a rsefren!a]ndivizisi.riirsci ti sl sereproduci,
4
sdci inottipnl lnrd\ rompotum.nradcBrndinurrun
Sedo m i n r rC u ( i sxn n r4 i n r(u ro rce scn um imnoi
inteliBcn!i
ti ds.opcrircrrrn(ifi.i r.ooJe.r unaqnhi penm supnvietune.N! nn e*c ins. cln d.a rd f:ri ri
dane rddi6! {i in prezenr:descoperinle
noa$rcr.ii;tifice
ne r puer disftsc sij chi.r da.i nu yrr inranDh da. o te
orie unifiar:i conpleti lar puteasi nu ii{llentse e6de
noa*rcdesupnvifrir. Toojj, deor.ece
uiivcijul a doltrrt inb-un nod rcBDlar,no purar r$eph e ide$nrca
noasracu crprcniti ftFonaledobindie pnn *olurie si lic
valabila9i pcn.ru deneml no{tu decihrc 4 rdiei unilio& odplek, irr $ricl st tu nc nrdreprcctde conchzii
Deorr..srcoriileprrpr eperarele:vemdcFjunrrufc,ei,cpeon,l]ccprcdic\ii(orc.kil rorctuurj e.u c:
cap{iaitu inor *tmq diudq r@neifinalea univeNlui
parcdiiic'l dc jusilicfi din pu.t devedcrcpBctic. (Mcriri btolia mcn(i.n:nG r@menrermihFar i Dururlj
folosiresi
inp.ri,r Ehti!iui5 nc6,(iiomm,;ac,
d nc aurdur I dneryixnuclcd. ii ievolurianicroclctunicii.)Desopcrircauncircoii unificre onplde srr putq
\i nu rdua q J n Dlusofltrru )uDdric0;r
sDe.i.i ;.in
j ., ia i D-
in!: d nzoriicN,l,2uc,p!
ometu' J nenullunropcEpcc
ni(i o kcrturr inue e15!
enu inexplicabile.N*:m ddi nuL si inielesen odi;
p. .are sre brz.ra luner A*izi, renjin in continwe st
aflimdecesuntm aiciri dcund. venin.Donne cc. hn
protund. a uhmjr:i(ii decunorifu constituieo fu!ffdF
sulndtipentrupcmrnhhrcrsdcaubre.IarscopuluF
hirit ste nicinai nuL, nici nai plin dc.it descri(e complcti . univctsuluiin cr. rtim.
Universullui Newton
dc S@ csre6ila1,Dsigur.io grcutatcd.rtumLricadcx
mI rcpededc.it o paii, lir r*i nu,ntrtdatofti {aDtului
ci pana se hinlil dc rczisrenla ierului Drdi vci [sx si
t u d ; i l o u i !!.p u r id ( nu iirimp
rj d , n p m cr :e,u u i i)i.um r.fidour ekuid! de Dt u rn b
e l c\ o r . dcr la h.r \ om \dd,medLrd.k.)r. Lu n i ! n d e
iu rrn; rf.re
i
-r inz. r rrtfler loDuxlor. a_aomutul
D Ai d R \.o Er .r !!turr..p{nnru
.u ru g!, b ? , le
prumbn i objnrr ci i trFidcv.r 3mbteo.*. r.tu ,n
mjrdr
4l
t4
',-q '& ot
rcPru5.nr
! n o r. id c m, jc P c o ii.! u \ r ue n u l $ (
'n
nou:zc.idemn?
lnif, toI sedepLaicazrspresud.u
Pr oa
r(rve f/.eintr?nc\"dimcnlc.ucolPuninmE.re.to3
ace*
podexna!n!i ftn in miicee. stu Pesoltrl tsh,
rePrnsu_
ssndftdul
dupt
Aristotel
oz
co.situind
doile
ui, !xi$t vreo c,lc de r afl. cum shr lucfuil. ? Dtrci da,
itlnci po{e ci AJinoel a ant drephe, id prin umre hP
nrl d. , re giri pe Pinint costituio in& adevir cevr sPecial
)o!u"'
t Rn o p . r(mc u n d I : d in P imu l c " z 5 i
'corio;j,sru atc npeif..0uni'n(:hroritr f eoului)Ju.ird
'DinFoonq'nren,r(i.oni:!.r
min[e: ncompord inro.
r*. d,
cue dimre cei doi f dreptr_
'dsidinDonint
te,Afib'cl vr Ns;n ? t{e or vorbr m d.Brrbad?o
dilc('a de pffspe.ii': qu filozofi.r,oricae oPrublcni
impoft.nta J pcntfl +iinti ? Dc fapr, a6fn r unui s6.drd
l)
Relativitatea
plersep:rurde,prtiu
r ni."n'lcp.nddt dee . Chci,rsteischimbiri
dcpcrrpdriq I fo$ o nouicon.ept'.privind
propnet e ru|)u. rorE:csk
riflF nosh, .Itrr,dqL nodutulenoakc ,Drmr-de
bun-sio! sunrsuficienecand.vende-rfr cuco;ud cud
a. fi n&lo s plmdh ce scni{ci ielniv tuc;, eledevn.ompk inopermte!umlu!rurilecre r depL*ri
!.edrl ci lmim * deplarroi o o vi@zifinni rLrfor
m;, . fo* ddcope;in 1676dc dtunomul dm ole
D{i oh6em{i sdliiiluiJupid, velj '
isbsRodd,
decldd timpin hp, eidsprdin (:rpxl "izur.dcol
lunjlor
FEe in sprkF un{eiplreR. A@6tccclpserle
dr
L
inteR'l
resolaG
r
iIuD,d d Eebu e irodu(r
(ltptrh
derer
*.nu
&sP.(n
;oi, a ob'*'iti
lc eFle. AeeleF! eu ftrnu ode etltn peorbiab lor ?
. sisn ini o .lti .xplic.lie Dri llnin. s{ dePldad
i;a inini4 :sm' ;', rici pcrn:nL m rda lipr_
. intn.L renlate. se! in relai noment in cee s_au
Deome. in @t d,
bdB Le,e tidrrul uul eN 6ni
r urvsr in*rHcu oJedi:hnlr tto:ornu F&
'iru
nt
i'$6 d&r luotrq !r aDrooi51u! rdepmdeti
t.a,-!,-Ji.'r.r
t,-i.
* a.plx*i
(rNitai fi
vederfiecde cclips, h
rt. D;i ete aa, dnci noi
'om
Intizierer dcPinde
E tinp dupi c. ee.$. s i ?rod!s,
iinii: : lunuii r; dedtrEnEdeli lupns l, r&
"iE
l!r. Dra lupncrnu frr modifi.:ds nlrprr l,?._
rf' nMi, peotrufic'ieeciiPli
lnt. {un- i nltr{e
.rJup'Frraprop* urtorj main;l,d.r"-"nt ln.a$
a "iennnul'dela fie.r. eclips!u((6iv::re o drm"
din cein .. mai mici dc prds, ddel incai cl aiunse
i. a in c mn de'RmetuF de.rul Ln'reJupns,i fi
D'n moti". rkm:ft@rre,
tfus h o dDH{,.onnmte
tuncrdnd Jupn* r hdePMerz:dc P.ninr. vedm a lip
l v ,r
i!
qrr lniJ!
,r! i J.roN
i!i
\rdr(iry.
fr
\i
omodvrknului (u ovnzrPeo
rcerir
inqiirucjo v tz: rbsolutl S. po,k sPunc'respLe
i4e d rre on.. 'i@a depinz;ndde sistmur,l. rek'in
luiNMon. rc-
dirh
doli qs
eu di
Dupr teoir
n_m*.-o.*..ilu(ru5cintinpu !l pcnn luminiAt:dr. c rdnjriole
; flDrol cr in t;!i ili MwelL rndel. delnnini s de
lse;i cu o .Nmiti iezi dc,crminft ?
Penb a concilireoria lu MNell c! lesilehi Ncwtoa
{i6.gind ci d eE*a o s$stuli Noiri eB 6c t Ir PE
in vidul,p,tiului"8ol" Iderearulu
mdp;E br,
'hE
onm de)tulq
cdoosumidrF\!enplu!Pmn
n4oE or
derPA
rPl
d ncYUK
LLm
undele
undek
dc
ocPe:P:
aF.Lm
k . rmFru(ai
eimFru(A,aF
Pe:Piru
undie snoQu
ob,lnib,i
sN esJ E {i r
mt rpropiare
denzic.d?crt.e c rh lu Po,ncr,.m pn
!e: probr(ma(a
fiindpurn,krur c, tiru r:&cpEt ni.
odaii inftrprc@cadrta deriNrcin teonei.
?oNlabl ftndm.nr.l al konei rl:tividd a lui ti.sci.,
4r.um r lotr nuniEr.ea!, Jtrnr (i l.!,rle,uF, rc6ue
si fi.aeldrjpmm ror,obeenrbn'crc;cmi!c;ljbei,,n
difsenrd.viczr lor.hpol cn lahbil'Dnrrulclibnn
\rrii rreru,N@n,dara.umE,n5icd;;indo d;r 1{i;L
incatsi i.chdi tsir lui Mdvell. Cn ,ft. cuvinE,inhdt
rcna luir,tlwell rfim s !fta lumniiar.oElnncdatr
bi obicdaronirt,ti in mn(ne rrtbu'errnr\.acice^i
vilo4 indirss! daai$ ni;ci iEpe su diNpE su6a.;eh, Ace$i ide sinpli aplici - f:Ji lol6iEr eterulDisau
i oricini alt in@n prefermi dc referi4: - scmtndda
vi&z.j hdinn din ccurdilelui M.sell, dr ee si afte.on
secinFr.n&abne si descoriconfrintuinye
De senplu, csinF e bti ob$natorn si obinn &ccasi
viloie Dend vika
idi!
i ,*it^. (u " ).
qg4.+1
d spiill
!. trci Jift
BinbnP! {u[ oP4udl
vit'! $4id
.inp a p.-
,lim$iuni.
rt rt id o u lu i, i, io m s k c L ' n rc s is h t d e u n . e d P u t r r ' u
sinc;c;u"k'denh.e, pumc d. obrditori dircrin nu re
buic si fie sin(one
N u dlc nflor e se nFolud in relnn it,h no\runode
cum r rruDt erpermen'ullui i'richck"n
d( deoi('e.
"q n u p o r(l' d d e c ht l n l o o l l u i k o n : n c
! iMo rlq . d c ru
Spagiul
curb
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0 r ! r r .ln r llr :Jr .nnnlli.j(
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\ . \ . i r ilr . ]\., r f, ircrJr, (.r i: rm.1. t,,,. lri i, 1 . 1 , .
pune, n d o b n n i i o r u td e p cp o Je ru tr.e
ro td i nb\m,i
ceiJoip:rto r; ti(omprr.eiurle Acncr sunrccruri
identiceti a sigmE in .cdta situa{ie,
.i vordda dcronl
cupftnc l. duntr nncis&undc.Nu e dnic in neiesli cu
.!{ul obseMoruuiLlcpepodcrrdnasm,.u@.;e l!
.,L tnpului lnunde{ rrrn: Asdc,a.,um reb;sbka
reniinsinespun!!i tinpu ( luree dilcrnDenliulbseF
vr@nrfrr! in m,*rckdnvr reL;trk,s*;d"
*ehc
o nmpur,eruGedif.rrp.ntruob5Frorii rflao rd,fcil
k inil(ini inrr un(mpsnsLron,l ConlormrcanvihrI
fdtu micn .LJ a ar tuEa fi nul! mri mre &c, udl dint
eemni:rtipdnitmii lungr.rbone ndde fi rcelcrn
;im roo:o. dc \ iEz: luminn t3i
(u
in" ,;;* dan h,ch $' .i-* pe?minl Aa,D 6re
nuru
tla\i
noscutulotJor i led.fllor, cr! sr Pridol
rbsolurIn rorn ie r
d.-d.,inp
Ds-ri;
'ub-qr;'
;vitFnu n:istrBrn tinp mj. rbolur.in rlanb. hsrc
indrlldmprop;:s misur:pffson:li r n'iPu ur@dcPn
de dL rocurd .'. n rlL !i dc modul in urc 5c m4; .
lndnte de 1915,s!4iul $iimPUl {tu adaPuF o sceni
fixl re carc iveu loc fleninente de cdc nsi sena nu en
ico.; rc_
irl;mau. Aeslu.ru rimru'rhbiL'hirrtiin
$qE: 1 relrtiu!:!,. coDurlc \e mirou,lone e:dBc:u
sru (\pi',gc:u, dn
9n'ul pu' li 5in plu co'tnd:u
'ifl!uf1i
Eru
ti,$c
si
rc.re:di (r sp4rurtr bnPUr
$ Iie ncife.hc.
r
.-,,.,tua. in bnr smr:li (Ldvlhd, iru:ir*c ror.
rrun'i
dlcnd Spaiultihmpul$nin.ic'titilidmsnc
lunar(
eu o foainpmsa{d
cindu(o@tnis;
t rz : c u rb u ; rs p : iu lu i5 ' rmp u lu i- i r r , l a r , n d u l i s t u
ori 5D:!ulu rmp rleuua modul in .rre ( dePlisez;
5 p , i i u l{ i t i ' i P U ln u
. -. , ; il; ' i, n . -; J o (. 1 . * b . . rj
de btc s! ntjmPlt
nu;r Gric'c,z.dr{nr
rin-d.
in uni!eR.t$i cumnu PUrmvorb'dsPreflen m.ffe crn
mivcis lira nouunilcdespr\ix titinp,lr tcl in rchr\nr
lio s i d e s mss l o r b i md $ p r t s p j ( i u
h k n d rh a d Nm, r
In dt nl le .xe iu uF
mrlo;univcEulu'
tu
du
I
ii ti;o
nout
1915,
s.asi
;t inlni
PerceP{i.a splliului $i timPuncdt ddpr univqs' Aitr
inisino
Iui ivo si rwobdonse
un univcn in esenli ne_
vechcr
idee
dcspre
cun von vedcr,
*ista
dintotdedna
schinbitoi cft r eutut
fl cr.c ar Putc!
inlocuiti a
t
Io*
siri conlnue *i*inF penm rotderuna'
6e
nodunea dc unives dinmic, in erPxNiune'
Prr. rt s
dirrc$ci
sir
si
fi ivn in urmi cu un tinp linit $i cm
P!tc.
itr viito. int un rimP tinit
Universulin expansiune
!in{!n]M}wisthmbniiFne]j{o
q t B h ! ] l @ D 'i [ a F 4 t r r c a o
Fnra
n1i
l N N LR !!L
d. uid:
^xi
IN LTTANI UNI
{oiud!|c$lciuoLlgde
nki DNi suru$ hdcpinqzi d. ob*fuon lu4iie de
U N IV LN U T IN ITT^NN! NE
In anii sE ?! urn denonsra{iei saleprivind cxisrcnrr,kor A:ln I HubLc i, r pfrrc\u r mpul! luBrJu le
tu\i 3e4tcpEu ca gnl*iile * seni*e h intinllare, rsdel
d Hubble se 2lreprx si s:srsci d areteasddii o dcpla
src sprc rlb?$ru cite sunt dcpl rc spre rqu. D. ree2 tr
fo$ surpntu st d*copere .i cele mai multe dinrc srluii
aved spc.rclc dcpldatc sprc roru: aproapeor@ .l*iile
seindepituu de noi | ;i mai $rprinzitoaft a fo$ dscope
rirc. publicati dc Hubble in 1929r dici nariniei depl.$rii
spf roiu r grldiei nu e$e inrimplitorre, ci e propo(iora
Li cu d;tmlr dc la noi h srldic. cu ,fte cuvinie, cu ctt o
gal*ie sre nri dcpirkti, cu atit mai repedcs de?iturzi
de noirlxrrcshnrcnmxciunivcEul nupo$ll$.ics.u
inurirbil i! dinensiune, ?ra .um rorii lrner ciezusepeni
*unci. ln rcalit.&, univeisul seertinde, diranrele dinre diJernele
sduii crscind contidDu.
Dcscoprirca ci univcnul .s& in cxpaniune a fo* um
dinrc nrilc rdolulii inklcctullcxl. sc.oluluixx. Privind
redospecti\ ste ulor si te inkebi cun de nu sesindise nireni L tr$r in:inrc. Nsron d allii kbui.u s. {i ln\eles ci
un univc^ $rtic .. I insebil, deoirece nu *isii o lo4ii de
respingefecompr r6ih orc si mntobrlrr.zc r@c!i. gravi
trrionalt pe careo *ercni to*e ielele ri sakine uneleasu!,lton.?rinnfluqchidde.huinonotd*uni{6ul
fi fi fo$ $ati., el nu ar Ii purur rimane naric, iiindci ain.ia
rcciproci r tutuor *clclo, :i srldiilor I rr Ii iicur curand
st iocaapt si secoture. De frpi, .hir ri drci uni"qsl s-r
Ii einr incet, fo4a srrvnrlGi d fi dderni.rin celedin umi
oprir.acip.nsiunii,i.runivc^ul arfiinccputsisc.onda!
tc. Dtrr,drciunivtrsul srrxtinde mirepede decii o rnu
nni valorccnlici, gftvitdlianuar {ini.iodattsuficien!de
putemica pentru r opi expmsinner, nr redr ir contnrua
h Nsrt{i Cam b rcl scinlinpli .!u.ci .ind lanseno nche
ti in susdc h supnlna ?inintului. Dri ncneft ft o vit*
'lciD,fta
lqki
lociri n o
lnt{Fd..
72
WI''TSUL
iN IXPANSIUNE
adicarei tipun dc modcle Fncdmm - tei hodu'i diteririn \ue r oon.onPotr3 ui \ebur'
i.D.imuirp de.olu\i. lcc!sandeFrndm'nn), unne'
, u r* ; * ! " d .
" -, d " . -t p rncde
n:bdnIFc,ls ' u r sdu.rl:in.eintrderP:iidtu|
rn{F
ul
ri
r
grr4ile
in'ep
Arunci
drnrm1.:oop(is
j
t
o
k
:
r
p
m
l
n
d
d
e
s Dren o , E u n le re l \ e . o n v r f t j
s;Lu!,un!$11 r Anndc rn Je roPidin!Jr ro4: sntrc
mmli nu oorteoPrini(iodrie*P
iP de solu\iein cre
; *"'. i; n4,4.^.,."
"l ""h?
Jc rcpedeimn(: c!'kco :pun,vesr 5efl rindN{IiI
(rde
5ul.Vfta cu I r v 'idepiituz galtiile ui: d rlts
tot m mulqdrf:ir e riungr \rmd*ih ztro_
Rmr.abili, Pnnulu' np de modcrr
O.indc..oa
lu iF r e d m: n ns rc \ r in a (s c id r u u n n s u l n u a t r ' d ' t u r
ii s p rd ud r5 p 4 , u ln u n e v ' o m r s r e G ' i { r D s r c r r r
$Pn
rsk
deDurenj.i , n.n spaiule (urbrI splsm
'r
urG
vd
nu
m
mrrsn
dr
Ialirrmrntului, are e finnr
u
mc
pe
rhrntului
\upnl]F
Pr(trd
;r!c lontinuu
!ftobra'"radc
dc
t od'b
*c:r dir*!e, nu v: wriloq
p6c 1 reofluctoe
vEi
\
rtodJtj
cid.r
n.i
nu
n(e.ut i'
'u'
in.?lcdm urm!, ve\irdeni h lodl dcprnr( rdeaoPu'
ter,mtrBcdrept njlntr djnd ueo xn'!cr$ u.)' 4ungrnd
o n h u n* c i r
in lo ru ld e DUm; e e
nu /c we; emifn:lrePEGG dcorse 5ePo*r dmon
h
a n . : u n Ne ru lrr. o L P iP in :
ul
Univeisdlc{' rcr 're \r(
dr
o(o
e
rerm
rDuc
re&:
r. n p mrru : n h e B . ; L n o rir i n p t r m N d e P o i i r e d n
rG u ; v u u l{ s f a rt c ! r: . rrr e b u i e v i d e P i s r L ( u o v r _
F z : mrimle d e (3 rc e , r lu m ' n i i n r r E e n p o ! b d . ' ) L
,l lui l'ricdms 5Pr'0rdr d!t'
ir celde:l doilcl modeL
d e ri' i rk mo d Nu n r c ' l d c , l I
n@.oR5psde uui uiivcR: crfl g6n{ne Pe!ff rr-Br
E k p b a ld q ' s p { iu l6 k d r b r , s u r e l n r \ ( n j G _
8
totalidin univcisr.ninc in.i prer mici hF de &ea neccert penh x-i opri cxprnsiuicaj asdelincet, pili & curtnd,
ce,ni muj(i fizicienixr li fost dc acord.i univdsulnii s.
apl.i cel de J doile. dodel rl lui lfiednon.
Au apatu insi Doi.b(*adi In ultinii dni,nai nuhc
cchlpede cflcetitori au $udit minusolele oDduhii din ndi4ia de microundedcsopcrni detenzirs ri y/il$., Mi,
r ncarc*o, ondulr{ ponuJa ndi. rupruFon\rnciDc
a J d h er r tr kr ,u r ,.:ronduhnkDr;.s..,.:,
u n ' v c Au l.,a d efr r r ! rGr in !cldc il;.ik
i;rl: t
ui
Fricdmrin) I Deorrcce in rce* ca?n! p{e sii *iste dcs!
h mrar( \a! m{-{ie nrumd,: !nc.q splnc i!flsr {:
ru postuhrc{n4(r unersub{rnle
in.i neidentilicite .a atre
c.crgia in$nccrti.
Pentru r .ofiDlica 5i nn muft lumiil. rhe obsemtii re
c.nte indici i:pirl ci fth exDrBiunii univ($hi N scide.
ci c.e!E. Nici ui nodcl atlui iriedm
nu poede as cm I
!$e lofte sr2.iu, dstuece dectul mlcri.i din sDniu. fie
.i de deNibtc mic4 nc ci m densibte narc. oo:F doar
s mdiner.r spD{uner Li urmr u
Flh $re
'nc,s6;
:h!ln:. O crpr,iunc ro<mir; ialrtJb$ecclan
seiu luflu u trneflDlnz
\ii!\D!rtsFrlo!!:(dsrn!J;a
riGp,,"-"b
;p
"p"
"!.
-,
an5iune
? Nim.ni
nu c$.
inci sisur,dr arputcaii o dovidici,la uni uimci, lin
sci'r r aar dilprate in leg:lturi cu neesihrcr con$Nci as
nolosicc (ti.efstului ci rntisraviralionil).
Odrtl cu dezvotarcaGDidianoil.rrohnolo,ii si, noilor re*.orp inrhc pc;F (i. rfin ftped.Iu.;'i no
) r ! . p n n zlo r cd e r p ft ui, !R.Nepuren,tucc1u m! id {
dspa conpoftrer hi nr cpocl lizie: univcNl vr conrinua
si secxlidt ft o mii meieucrtscirodc TimDUlsevtr scurF
Ia nsfirit, cel pudn phtro .ei desul dc ptudcnri as inclit
{; ru cd; rm n g/uu nsEr: Drc purem\punuJ6pre
Big bang-ul,gaurilenegre
gi evolu[rauntversurul
d. nff ricPe.
m tr(t Ilamr
t.
rcotRe
-.
,
m
e
n
r
d
:
q
d
ffiesrdr
dnFnu
ril,
-. i-. ,lr,7
-. p -"m'lDLJcde
""
ueo
jntfegll
dr
unNds
ti Jo$ nnli. CD rlte .nvinG
'onPnnr
in ( u n n n ru rDu n { , d e d m n \ i u n ; t i ' L c ' ur c r o ' : " s i
lo & d mo n c t r J . , , n i a : u n r r - d u 1 r
d d e r/ r; u lj
. u rb u r' s p a (L lu i_ rimP . rff o n i n l i n i r A c e m ^ m n t : ' I
D:u nunele !! Lis biig
pr$'
T o e t c o r L en ^ ro . (. 5 mol o g c e $ n r b P J i P <
A
{su
o
:
p
c
Pt
Du ie , e : d s p a u n ma G k nd e d' i : p
Drs
:
nrondtlr
inranm d oR rco;ile ios'a 'rd
poi
nu
qo:uu
ridp.u \drbuii
Pr
hane-uh, un
'tfnrl:
brB
driinnnteuc
Jrff
Ankl.
rcliion,idurlpro:pephr
binqrl evnar NenimenreN k4n P(6 bonPsrru
admr nrn:cc. : fl;nphtdupr aeerde'ielc I brg0rng
laprtrb dePredn\n \c Pral'$eir
no'
I n ' i5 d r: , i: r! m$ c . ' u l
ohl deh b'qbrnsin."ae'nuPurc
5uloc'drdtihls
Pr n rmre'
3.2
A.e6tr dscrierea fidinlui tinpnriu iierbink al uniyeF
sutui: fo$ propusidesw.ntul ccorgc c.mov (ven p. 70)
in hinosa lucrre scisi in 1943inpEnni m un studeni
dcal lui, RalphAlphc. cmow lvcr h inr al unorului
foatu dezvoldr;elI{ convinspcHm Bcrlq sp.ci:lisrin ii
zi.r tuclearl sa.i adausenunele in .alihk de orutor rl
lDdrii, ddel incat lisb drorilor si fic Alpha, !*he. Gr
nov, inbmai caprinele tei litere ,le :if$etulni sreesc,
,lfr b(q g:magaidnf (o,denimmdpmtuo lu.rmd.
nmibila predicie dupi cre rrdiadr Gub{orni deIoroni)
din $:dnk irpliii, todc licrbind, .lc unilerului r de
bui si fie prezani in pHjmr nosti !i r$izi, dr d rempe
raor. rcdusil. numaici@q grdc desuFa lui ab rb$lur
(Ze.o r6solu! rdici -2l3 grtrdcCcLins,c$c rnpcr.uft la
.ft slb$rdlele tu mi condnenergietermici, Iiind r;xdxf
cs nJ joasntcrpaaoriposibili,)
Tocmi aceashr fo* nd;lia descopsirl de Penzid ri
Vikon in I e6t. In pqio,h in .rE Alphft, Bdhet Gmow
ii-ru scis hcme, nusc$iru pra nnhc d6pre rec{ilc nu
cleft ile protonilor ri neutonilor. Cr urmq p.edicdile
ef{tuare p.nh proporiile dilcrit.lor .lcncntc pre:ent.in
univeBuldmpud! cmud6tul dcinpiecisq dr c,lculeieiu
lo$ rcpclrc in luminacuno$in(clorfrai avs q iir .un
eleconcordiforne binecu ceerceobscflim. Mri mnlt, d
Ii lo.ae gro d. ciplicat pe oricarlti cale& ceaproxin}
tiv o pitrine din mrsr univeBuluisie lrezenri subforn:
Dr:ce1*i dscriererrc unclcncljunsuri.
ln roddul a.
big bangficrbintc,n! m desol tinp cr in uniecul tinpuriu cildnn si seii proprsf deL o resiunel la. Aearh
insamni ci $rea ini ali a hiveduhi a.li rcbun s: aibi
csd rccci:i rc'npcntur: pc*c ior p.n@ adplic. d. @fon
dul de nicrounde re rceeai tempflrtud in oric dirccric
en privi. Mai mult,vitzr initiali dcdpatuiune d {! riebun
34
0 NAr
mcdi4 dpmiuer
de om 10:59:5e,
sdel c, sr.on.ud de p. orbiri vor ftbui
\: q k p k do r cu p r nn mr mulrd-r;*-"di
i" . e * -r u r d rd e tr .r u t0 5cJ3 ri.ct dnsrrun.i cind l c a u t rs
roDuoru',rir: oE 10.rq 5c. Arrof,:u( | de Dcorbid vor
r.bu/ iGj rra$pre la nsfi4ir scmDtulde I; on ll oo.
Tor( se irrihpL !e \uprut:F skto ,nke toJg:t9 si
rr-00(dupi.\csul{uomuru u )q n,aspmdr pcopriedr
n n h de n m p ,!m p c6pdnr.ctordcp! nnrso 4 ia h . ? e
oiturl e s rpropic on I I :00,inreflatul de timD d;;
doui
aan eu \iis(enr
ak on.ia retdc tumin: dc tr ftr
d $ m d b r m c m ri m:;, rocm:ia
nrcrc u t J in k e
schnitetersruDUrdtui Deo;re hcseno tdniru slco
rnsun, num4luid.(nc si r r pesednd;'ctordinmvr
sp?Fniltu!mF luminiideLna Jp:r rormarrorrA$.
dr. rutur ndo h r!,c tot mriqie (e rormr, lLbr). in
r r c d m ur m ;r{e u :r ds\ru rn depr dq Dcr L Ue r
n,' pltcr ved.a de pc navi: rot ceercc hai rjfane e o p,
ur; ncr."r; in spr\ u. Srodi ar .ontinr oruri $ c,s;rc
n(4 rort! gn{ur omE rupn nreirpai,tc.\areir.on
irls nu !*e rotu ii, nin
rcgime reL5t I :earo din urmrorut morn. c;rvh;,
d o n c cur n m r i n r bi (u.ir(itL mrdodedcss. J r
rclin.n brt: BnvianonrL n(ionind aainp,mret;s.onauturu i.nru rtnenrvr lirldoun: mr narede.ri
ronrnch nivdriapulu Drfcrcnrrdinrrenc fo(! Lllr
n,idelr
dromd o pe nbf spashecsu il ra rupc tu b!_
r tue n rornlu i ouontut &cninen@lor
I N^ !rtdemne
c i e r r t ; obiftr cm u tr nfu m;i,n
3'utue!rnh cie garu'ton ore poqiek ohps sra!ibf o n : r . d r d n{b uno, gjun nc
{pomr,vi no:E h !flrrut grtaier ndn.. Un turm;rrx h r p - "u n r d nr r cesE g;unn.B knurputer r ru p t
m D U . 4 L r Dr cd ? io r n:rer gjuni neB rc.
E t nu r(im (i, d !
n p L n , m( d .ose b nt: rrngctr: rDri!nricc
{iir pu re d -
d mi nni d(n,r*
;" d"*"d
:itui, d{ !!
{ |
0 , n , n i d e r n toft ekJRndcrlcgrltue,rcjpen! \
:un
rc.. un.xmpru m rarrnr it.ofqtaie rupcrnou Jc
!i_
r, re5tuflhdcmDi nNebltor,cnbutu
ch,i.ziiru
tueg,sftr-o in rrull051. Dclisciu,.rc
i dptodrr 6re
D( ' n o _ n tr de 5 , l um nldcpriiR,adcv.niilzib n r. D
o.h,u trbriunrde a rindut, {rtuod rhtde oukrnat r p(e rder si2iur,;rno,prea.epue:.ir r tuminr
-e , .u s uFr n u r i h dr hn{:decinci5urderni tu mn a
o
zcmc! n dnsnp pim h Nebutos: Cdbuiu
r f de
o s u de o n m r r u mnosr si:rpure: prctrc tE r a
m. n k
no,p(a m z, ren@: in(hAeviohnh uneiNtcLdecrolo?tr,.onsd?Br numri hpol \i lum.^.
t";in.
)o J ( r u '.thn 'd r r n su
6kdczecid hilorned
-c,,.-: c o n n u
ocprricu(r.5ore c. (Am;,iri-!i c sorcle oorru seafli
,n:prop cre h d6knt: lle opr ninurclurua JD:.i o.L,
p.'no\; rr n 5r tie dsbt Je rpnape, .a r purcr tEa
t,mru mrr!rj d:r r.cmn? $liricnu ddDrincr sj
uc,d.
r c r . n r nice,u.D c hpis remi) r
orgm sndo
\: rc r Nur to. \andv: ,nr oknroccn
.nr Joui mttoh. de:nim urru,
e p r o R n. q u 'nm
rr fi to(
dm msdiidE
znrc dc condr\
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lcgllcobitnun( jetiintci 5: lre
r sn'nr!'e, kone
'narc
p6r. roq,n.
sn h ii.eputul timpului,h'r mc
'r]:bil?
Graviratiacuantici
5L.t!'tmriitor,J
nohlr. n!li!J\u!.e,u
iore
n ! , , n . . p u f r r \e .^ trlri rt \l x h i .r u tu ,c,.u/,.-
(de.q,i
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*i.hu _!ur; . ; l
cula$areaco'npleria nnivc6nlu a oficc moilmr
rL16
c t r ; \ r d e J.Ln .+ r..nnd r tc nirr c$rcntubrb
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aen i : n t o r 'djs r t!{nid tu.ru.i,trnp(zenr, " ,
dur o , i r u d r r r ir u e n crlj
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Unr d,nR sl. mr mponaoem Pl '.r \i i alp.nopi
hi de incenitudineal lui Henenberg6te rcee ct pdn
leleseconpoftilnaNnit privinleG lndclc.Air cu lm
fizui Dafridlelc nu ru o pozilie binedefinitt, ci $nt "im_
pr4tnie" .u o .i uniti prcbrbiliuk dedistriblde Pcdc,fti
pate, deli lunina e$. .lcituiti din udde,iPoFzacu$ldi
a lli Pl.nck nenri splnc ci, intF
e."m pu. dm pannuk u: por t fL
co.p",r lor '
- - ", r np:cher ( .s L.um RD etuPqLems:r ur bso.hindor
o necrnicn.umtice stc bazaiipcun tiP .obplct noude
n*nalici, pin ce nu semai desciieluiner leah in cr
meni dc paniole sauin tmei dc undc Pcnirurunitc
scopu4sft {oloslor s:iconcepip.niolele caundc,ixr Pen_
tru .ftele,si concepiundelec. Frtimle, drr scmcn.a pcF
spenivenu rn aLron dccir si neu$utze dscricra. Ae$.
einrel$ul du.ldrii undi/prticuli din meinica mmtici. de
sprcde lorbcsc fitcienii.
*'$ilr'{,**s**r*ffi
k rfrr.lr{.!rr!\!!undi
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lislr. de inrdemF ap.re j-n conrinuarc.lrin umrrc. tic(ft c erdo hbuk e rdu emdhn pirn ambtc
tmrcsi
e , n k d se zc !u e ti nsufil
renomsuldc inkrtftn(: d,nr D@culr10(!nr!l
in inFkgser smcru;;abmitor, unr:! q de burdr cr.
sunrcmnoirlsfrirl prcon J br!c ne,nmn,od. 11,n.cpuol s(oluluiXX, \e (cd/ c.i ibmii ,emiu odelum
!u p rerch rod,du \e in jurul sMrtu i, d(konn I D:ni. u
red cenncftE nesrdvi) rodndFf in iututunuinudo
rnraLin!:r*
o el(rnoDrc pozr,!i. Sp(rupune cr
rn.ID drnre
-4cqrtrhka pd,rrvl ri.er nf Eri!: (inetc\
uotu ndDrhh hrom mrcr&ti]sruvibrron:hdinreS@e
t, prre lmpLanektepeorbndebr.Nelazuere o la,
re\la'.e r. mecrn ii ti le(i( ibrr, &k.o:Lne.:.iii
eurrLcppileu
c lc\ronir nr6iiind rttet ftbuft5:
em'-iradnti. A.$r llpt r r, Rbuir e , falr v Dddr endie
r' r;.obore i'r spiralrpinr ta.rannq cu nu.teut.Aad:r
ronuts imE:s, m,Ene r. rebu $ rohEe. nDir r
i 'o a m d cfo r cm r d ( n\ihk,ce,-";(.1,a",*
I n l c lJ, r i z.,nu drn-Nret5B otx d gilno5ot u re n , r
Lali pn@ ecri: probleni. Elrcmn Dde.".,
nr nu por si o'bnae L oi,.e,Jiebn(:dc;u.teulcmrrl.
"1.,i..ci
doir l: anum;cdilbk pre.iseprapunand.:dGr u;ul
i!dd detro pot orbnatr t(rre dinrc d nr(etc sp
un.aEi problem \oL:psului* rpoh;. d.rR o.hri (
runirul linn{ d?dbi@ nkne crk @mptearcuc]ft ronr,
ck.bonn nu mi por:JUn8edcptaindu * Ln.prih. o;nr
h cre.Acci modtelPli.i d$tutdeb knru,tu; ctuimr
s,mpu amm,atomurdc hidroBeqcr. aredo:i un nn4r
ele.fonorbn;ndlnrutu nu.lolu.Nu en nniritum ;F
b u e f l { i ff m o d e lu llarbnmaomptn .MJmut r, e c i
u n u f r nm Eue o r b ft pjrq mn.rrind o
sretfl(, . t 8
un truc caretunc$ona maEmrtic, d nineni nu
ftia de ca
nrtun se conpo4i in ,cas fel, sau ce lcse mai profundi
n,idLLrrnr,iRJ!.
r.rii
r,rdri,i
n nn".!1.1. mii
ro ii.orpl.t!
d,r, pdni! r ulti
dLcfLltuir! l
rtcl
h
ip,.i;nril'll,
.on pliur!,Ii.(i
mn!
r
sL..r:
!!.tt!r.niLi
u
T& ir.u.!trI.i i lr{trLji
i
d.
tllhol!isn
nr rlxort. nt. .rrtr, LLr i L,wtr ninltr'l rl
d.' trc.li sr\ drwa,.! ) .0.i tl'ti
Lori,k.ntu,n,! \L n.orp.n.il!
, tLr run!
Dif; t.LNi,.ft1. ri rnNhor (.. oltiltri!
nc
i.,l!n!
Sn!u,c[l!r(rii
lkn!slti
L'r,.hnnii
;q.
:i
Liinrro'J:
1i!\1ir
fiineii,r.!Lc,.(ini(r.fltrti!r:
rtlcrr sDnr{RfLlLn a$rurr,r u
L
r !l I\fii
M!
Lrl rr
s!Ln
i'!
tu rt
lL |
rtr
u rr
,1i,,rk.ini$ dN,(,
n'r
t.ofi
Jr
ir.i
!,
pun.
il{
o M ^r scurrA rroRr!
ITMP ULU|
^
D u p r .un r i ,r u r; !r?rclutpr.qcdsi
,
irim , j. a . i
(bn\
tokasencrahrrbuiemoJiticrb Fp\mddi;rm
F u n o rp!m r cde d cr n{etntinnr -nngl:nhiik
re l
rFbh
s ( m ;.r r c,
Gdic, nc.uinnri) i! p re z (c
p.opn: pr:bu!rt, hcr h fe qumm.ciru.i rlsrr !-a ue
2 6 p r u b u se a lr n dr s ustrj, u,,o,?,csnkze me.sr mhrr: qu.: domn riebuic5acot!okzeDini
".di. , : 6
h o d ? E tr ak in r in i,.i.
si, h fe .r,n.-"L.--1.,id;,i. .
sp&;m ,i rtimin,n &$r singxtinGr inrc.ph 6,1e,
hnsromrnd reriovtrns gcnenh ctalnr ink o koriecuuri.r
- aldel spus,creando reone .u.nrici a mytur;i
D&i reldiviifti Bencdi 6E
Brqna, de G @e dftle
e{penmendcpec/re te rven!;nr r.urn o spr!n; I Mod
r p.nm.ie nu rn obfd{ nic o dis.rep;{r f:IJ doL,
renmrm i cxps.nF nortr, oL,i/nunrrunr roide stab.
!r, an cun
vizd, cinput gnvn:ltoml kbuie $ dev'ni todc purernic rtunci .end rofti materir sj enerqi
din
un!o5sfltomprimrcmr{i
\otu,i di. in unntr,;tdn
p!flu. In prez. unor;nrpufj:rirde inrci(, efe{ele
r
'F
oneratulcc @buie
si dcvini impora.ic.
Der, nu rrn in.j okori. luini!
r c h u n n tr r dL o i,esi,ri\ipe\ne& tusa rb!k e t c
posedcunr n(nrlorpo,r(r proalurr prop$cdeFcyi
mrn pcntn rormd,Q rtoncidrnri.c n re,mcfii5u,nci
derbfl A dou ufercrnr;(i &.p,ecm jeden ar rc
o u r s . o B r ur co p :nc r(orie fin:tc..n_B in idc o
ui
rurtirn de ) reprezsL ;mput
lnv rari_ir orr 5ol
ur n mp .ur b r l pn r i.u e c,n.e..".,
i,,," , c . or c 4 n spa\ur \urb .rc ene \r: ma"n,.."
ap,orDb d linr
d t u p r ; . d, pm r u c sp:(rutrnp",
r. \ u n r nd o ft.!r r o m \-ii:Iarub:!riuic]unu
-r;pt;,r,".,o,! imo
Aon.i .ind :ptt!rm amr i\rcfl,t"r i tu, F.;
Btu\
nin 'broin
h \ )'uno lui Ein{?in dejp,.
S..,,,", ( ."" "8.i,,
10
itus intial,lr unveAUu'. Nu *is. o mre,ncrsD iu
lu - rmp p s m 6 r e e f r e m,p l ,D u mre ,tu ,rr ir eo
r.s. nou;p.nm I ti1,(ondidite
ta rmtr,aLrsDinului-rinb.
An pub: 9une:.CondibrlalmjD: hj,enlui eie..;,
!eisulnuarelimirr."Unr\eNt s rrrDorontineDerlldDe
r n. rin u r r i i r f c . d d c n i mi cd ,n ,h ruu i .E tD u .jia;
ph ar ExIsIA. Atia rimp cit noi credam cau;ivd;ut :E
un i.ce?ut, rolut cftatorului pire cld. Dr, drci n.ive@l
6t recnte coDpld autoconrinu!ne.vendInie su mts
ginLnmvind dci in@ps, nici diair, ,tunci risouNnt lain,
rebare' cre ste mlul credorurui n mai :;m arat de
Gdurilede vlerme
in timp
si cilS.toria
rul se
I r r r i i l r L.gru'l
, ,1,trl*p I r. l
\ ! iL ln llr , r(, . ! rr rd l-it L . ( i , , . 1 . 1
., I ilnri. si l
Inal,
inf
n,,.,
\ntr.tr
i
fur,
L
A.n.
L
rna
,
n
r
l
J
'
Srulll
rr, (t rrn ir; n , iir ! L . ri, h l:
^r.ditr:l
{it r)
CNLATO
*;.;
",.hi-.1-,
dc
dc mil,oanc
r-";"
dc m,l. in sp.\iul.bi,nxn hF du
'ijl,orn.
P)nrr. D,..:m u/i5mne tdnh de,P ecu6i Jc o.ut; de
mcciuL
n e ri DUrDf li e rL E d . ' t rme rf iL l s $ l r i m p . r
rtum,
un
lne
e a";8, ; *t d. d*.Ld-d Consrsuluj
obsnrlor de s. mir.i sPrcPinint ar tebu dc ?semcncr
lr vrrRMr5r .rnLnro
cAuRrLE
"^tr
r 9'
nn'r.i
oni Lnip.i r, n'ri r,L\ ri r.isrop!rj.
Nc Pnrso. r,;r ranr.. nnirLr J
tu'!i rfDnr ri,.drri rtr pr)!,(\Llinntci ! rr ni,loji,..
si r.r!. nj c!t( !li,r u n:iJ:.rr{ftr;n.
mxiri i rijnFu
|Li ri piDl rd.!r. Lrltr,tn
rt. dr pLbr: slmi i5n)
riilDl i,n dtr*icli!fnnr
trdrL,r!ldtrriinrtr:mur.r
r'o,jjl.r. l,,D nd.r.. ( i,rd!d. n 6d iL! n, !r.:lr
nr tr..ut si rr.
,,ti'r*'. hone.omphri,nz,.
l1
rortele naturll
.i
sl unflcarea rElcll
ro rT rL ! NirL R
Ciufurcr unci as.dcnc? ieorn csc cunoscuii sub
'uncrni
le deunifi.arta fizicii. Einsrln i? persur cei nn nrufti
pcrioadi
din nlrim
i vietii id ciur;" liD"ni de suaes; Enr \ i u n f ok,diir n p u l nuor.opr.e,iiau rcoa p : ru
k pmm gEviut r sl forr cl(rumiBner.rdrra
tti: p,ei
pu\ n desP,.ro(d\ nu! ere. rn p
.I in Crpirolul9, Ein$cina reluzl si crodi in rerlitdcl
necmicii cuiftice. Seprt roosi .a Dnncioiul dc inc.nitudi.c .on*ituie o c'oeniici
tund";-bt;
."i"-."I"i
n
"
Gn tiiin. Pmtru ca o retric ldilicti si ib!rua6,
a ft
pc;skd,,ec de: atui; rrrei de (;.ie
* n",",1,
":.
nrihranbilerun.d;ora.$infatdeDJtkde.","".iv.6, Trebuies:ifin i.st prudmli cu supralici@ rmiei on
vinscri m nn rwr falsc iluzii si i^ntiemt I Lr in.eputul
se.oluluixx, dcplldi,secrdeaci$hlportendels!in
tcinenii propricr\ilor naterieico{inuo: dm a fi;hnci
hd sru conducirihter teirnlca.De$opdner ssu.oni aionic. Ji i pincipiuluide inccritudft a pus crpir i. mod
c esoric .cc$ei idei. Apoi, din nou, i. l9)s, tizlcnrul hu
r*t rl heninlui Ndbel Md Born a spus nnui qrur dc vi
jrr o m
z t r r , o r i i i Un \s5 q d n Coftrso.:
"Fizi;
u onoqren. !i iiinchenr.rif ttuc luni.'Con!'ng.rea lui
r l,: a p?
r e.upe' luiDin..ie
gu
'e.enrrdc{(operirc
! c ' n t u z ie cr
r on u l.secredorru(urr csinul{: vrd * . ie
ri pbbnnl csHti p.fti.uli din alc doui dncote N mnci.
tu rdd iizica kordici r Ji io$ epuizati. Dd d;scoD.ng neuronnhi ri a fo4clor nucle; l arunmt si idd tui
aorn l. sunoi. Ace*er nind zi&, rcun rveD t.tuii reneiuri
penrrur spune!u !n oprmsm pfudentcrrunremJpro:pe
d. dprtul.atrii,ll les'inrfundrmsLrl. ,. nator,.
ln me.anicrcuinti.i, se consider..i roate{odilc sau
intenctiunihdinre prrti.ulelcdc mneriesn!ruftft
de
paiiculc. se inrimpli camdr: o prdiclli dc n;rie, cun
r fi un .lcckon sru un cuxrc,cnit. o pxfriculi carc porri
) u rt rr . \ i L A
HrLLr
lll
p.rdcu
lornr t{e.!lullnci asdel de enisn nodilici
'itza
lei en\itoare din icchri notiv pcitro sr un tun * deplt
*a,n,pol dlpr hsR ! nui prci(ril Pnntr r puftto{.
defodi \ !.lnenerpoi.uoiliapaniqul: dcminic'i 6rc
rbro.b ra nod n.jnd mis.re:p:tnulci re.p.in. Rezul
htul net rl pocesului cnisiei si rbsorbliei o$c accl.$ ca in
$rr Ii exer
cdul in cd; infte ccle doui plitiole
'ntcdile
F e . a R f o f t s r r, n 5 f lE rd c n p u l q u p r o p n ud c p " .
lob pururore defufti Dr: p:nioklc punror . de loF
F r:vei mair nnc, r f diinJ .r d? r fn F..du'e 1i
scLimbltcnnrc p,fticulenrtdalc aflatcla distrii mre;
cr unrn,lo4dc pc cre lc porti clc truo nza scunadc
lNItsICAd
IORTELE NIIUTN
'I
l7
nucleri sLb:i DUcra biic inFlcdi. Atunci, Abdus Srlan,
d . l rl m p sn lCo cg ed n.Londq n S (vrn weinbe s . d e
D n)nrdi ruprops reon,\r( iu un rcr,cerr ro4: cu
torF clcdnmsndi.4 inocmri on I u.iriat MNell elecdcitdo i nqnetismul m lproxinrliv un $rol in urni.
Picdic{iile roiei ru fo$ atit de bine corJirmrt. xp.rimcn
t rl , i n . i ( i n lq ? c.5:l r m) W . n613ru
phn rP remiu lNo b e l p c n h fD o, m pr cunr.ushJdonCh-hoq,s eld c h
Harva.d. crre ayus:s. o eorie sinilari dc unilicrc 1 Lr
Flo. elcctb'n2gn.licc i nuclere shbe.
Ceid ipJo: \ruSorieap:trinc.clc'm! pd(ni(c drrre.ele prru foft,lort: nuel?anbre. N rr ! c: nu rm
.onhct dnecr, d.i to4r nucl$n trrc c*e xce. erc (inc cea
nt nae prrk I lunii no.$c Ia !n loc. Er e$c rcspotua
L,ilrpcnrrulesreiltroblri:enLlo
ninrnorulpioron,
orrineu'ron orsip.nn nen!nlrci mDrturu. Doron d
!in.uvonilu n nu.kul ofruluL Fr: ioq: nui eri o.c
rc{ping*s lednc d'nre,pmhnii , n.r n0 }oztrN :r \pi r
l, droscnulu,,
circ sunt r rtuftd;(
!n sinr! p don.5.
co n n d . d !aa !!r \hlo q ,$rcpurutiLlcoprnraulJn u m'
r:i sluon, cdc intcnctionezi dor cu e idsisi ri cu curcii.
suc.esul unir.trii forelor eltrtom.encdci ji nuclcri
shs; r dush un .umi. dc inc.rcin de 1c.im6im n$r dori
to4c cu io4r Nclcari tue in cadrulr ecd cc se.uneic mr.er ftotc uniricati(GUT)'. Tnlul ese ocx.ecftie, findci
briile d rezut, nu suff deloc r rri rinici nu $nr rcmpl?r unins re,d..r r(c !T! ih\ir nu sk
in nhemr
'nJusi
De semner,ek nd \un, ni.j complere.u
rdFimt dcoa,
ree con,in o sericdc paridcti cu vxlori de nu eor fi Dre,
zi\! din rco,le,., rebuh a(de : se in.k n corcjpu;da
\"penmenFlo,.Tooli.acrer!on, por.on5otuunpi na
mB cr!re o rcorie conphrn i in inksine uificfii.
rrE! !'Ldr
i.(m,q,l ic,,P!.r.la're
M.riwlpcnru.re
reorr oJnls r eJ r*ier 5 rdo
( d r r n r d e difi cl d c c rbon e le,s: d.hpoira p rin f l
pruroc rmnrudfe,mp!ne o pinr5isp:(j!l
5i fie
"Bot
pun !u p((tu d\ pd'.uh |l :nripjritute v dual.
Dri ( te
njr{nJ
rdtrj dnt.p4iut
"gof rf rerjncirccom.
prd 3o
&c{ur
infnDo
ron, mpdrite,.um arfi
c!rdertrotugndl au gnviE\jorul s: fic m(2eio. Dii
\ rroarcrunxicinp 5i\n.zr luj dc echjmbrrcserfl: or.elar nlo(cpot
r ri lnca tidis elinbrd Fozinelunci
pln(de:.onrom pnn.ipiutuidc inceni,udin..uut \I
,o{a unoae$charpre.squnoscuri(urrirmn pur n Drc
u5 cn ono\cuir \iorer dlcitar. Anht. drarn.l,no
in sP4iul gol sE {int cxrt li vdors zfo, fund el v, a;
11o dodc bme prcdaii (zdo),;i o vnezi d. schinb,rc
b r ptrozd (brrmJ,Rfl ( violc,J {(rornroru. vr
rcbuid( e cr *. o runri on,qL *,;i
d.;-.i
ruJin.au iu.o/!' .uinrr, o qto!ca.nDului.
. A.c$e tuctud lot ti conapue * p*ahi d. !.nic.,
e crc rnrrtmpreuni L un rnum,r mommq s dcDa,rra.
r p o r r p r nr ic.i se:n;hi erzJr(lprc. rhift;:d.ut;
\ nrc !: rdo crcporrE forctc, \predo{bired. prF
ob{n:rc dnqr.u un derecror
deprdi{h. Cu ture r.$Lr, ,}er.teto, ,nd;cde,.unar
n m. slh mbi!' Jcunegici.6 ret.r. c!r.on,cc,pornm:
su h k , r d ir r q p n ntrtok suntinr oeun ordh h , e -
m r-hili.u p r d n i ne
l " .-"
fl * -, . , o .
o* * "p:ni.utclunrforoniivtr
.ldpurtr'e cffomrgi\"., 'c
r.e{c
torri.n n ozul flu.tor, ur.jm;utuip,,vstiorul.pnvi.
ionn\ inurli Dr in lrzul nudliuto. ;anDu,Lorf;tor
FoR1lLrNAruRrr5l uNn{.nR!
E"isrenFdJokn'lorxr.nnb rurcrdrd\n{ii Lmeru
c\!pnncipiuld'f\cn tudrncfu5s
banuihde.e; r,,n,l
drn roqqunf"'naf n hD/p,in c,taGd{rldk m rez!
P{tu rtu mr ddiu, a }on \ussir: o \otulc ooeb,tanu,
mt: supe'rrvn4icD; nelenorc,ot!ulete
nec$rrtD!nh !
drcr rinine s.! nu vrco ininn.k sr ; k
'flam$p!rrrrn:de sru:rr de tu(8i
!rzi
!id. diti.it,
-mu
d q h ef(tu.?
ctrlr
!i cu un conpud, cdculelc r puri dur cadv: aii. finrd
l: n e m r ;u h d tr nssi5r(tpLFn
osrscJ:, d rc r n u
n x mu te
!i:vcm
rrspun5ut.o
re n
t u,nai
!t'
d a . i , r r n o r^t:d
r r cprer j:h
b cJcutu,rro6incretat,rez u rr!
cer.enu eEpr!: in.urJj:brrToru:;,r Dohdr:,enor.@
bkm ri: f:polu $ prntruhted," k".iik _uoc.n.;u.i
nu pircru si s. resiscdci printic odticnhk ;bs;nie.
mii hulli orme.i dc ;ttnF credc.u ci tcdh Dode ti d;di_
-i
lic{t d ci cft rispunsl .orcr Laprcbt.n. u;ffidii rNi
to{iei(u.eleiJFfone.Apoi,in tqB+,Irwr Lo.o*hi;bre
renrcrbiti deopin e n f:voro rr:-numfttor rcotur .or
rniiiRde rcofl:louilor, y .otrdnr.a ianeDid.lla
rundmentrL o.!pr un smslrpunftm,pa$. tn r;nj.or
micutrk,. nsk obrcue
(r r t r r l un sim e ,dr ni.iorlhdnnenriune,\unirn o o n d r i n l ; nird e ,ul,!ir e A
. .sk corz,
mircr!cozidedhj.er,suporf, he.!ele ; c"r;L,rh
m c h b i ( .or ziin !hjf) o pJtu.ut,eup/ un,ngur p u n d
In \p,FU In nc!ue
de dmp.o \oirdin: olxDr o
'nohcnr
lini( sp4 ! laonccmomen,
D;- .o.zi * D"r u"i ;ru r 'n
loin. o sinsurr cordi; in c"."1 odl".
dscni;
( unen jn mod si'rplu l, cJprk, in rmp.e il
s.ul.or4 "te
br i mh nc $r citi snd doli?i.,or.c:,
nb: nr r-o p c . c
.re,rtpfdon. h md 4m;j:ror,ocordi ( purcdrLdc
; k ,i r.{-h ,r qr !
! i! , , r d r!rt
drdtft
i !i j'fu.!!!r!!!
!\ Lir, .
FORIdLE
NATURN
S] UNIFICTRE
cip(ifrcntde cnunelerenecar in oglinda,dr componrcr
rc$or prnlol. s. modifici. E*e cr !i candparliculelcar Ii
de mim snnsi sxude rena drcipd, in loc si ne :nbidcr
t.,) Oricft r Ii fo$ monwl Dnrre duntr dcoanenide
stiinli a inceputimcdiatsi hcieze h reorir cozilori fo$
elabmti o vd3iunenoui, cre pire elabili si er"licc' tipuSi ko.iilc codlor conduch infinitrli, de secredeci, in
vc61ui@.oadi rcsh s vof ruh re.ipmc(dcridcocmdni n-o iiin cuccfinudinc).Teonile.o.zilor iu r'Ni o prc
bl"mi n.i mre: elepar si fie ncconr.d'ctdi numi daci
sptrliuhimp re fie zccc,Iie douazeciii irf d. din.nriu.i.
in locul cclorpnru obig.nitcI Dcsislr, dinensiunilesupli
nentrrc alc spaliului timp sunrun loc onD. in lirefttuft
$tijqificojantrsici. Elc oicri inF adcvir o cxleide,li d.
r depirircs&icdile
normle rle korici rclarilit4iiconfom
ciron nu sepo.k c ion cu vnezemi miri dei. viroza
luoinii sru impoi in tin! (ye, Cdpitolull0). Ideea$te dc
r s?,ionuftrur: pndJ,mcnsunilsupLmenurc
!rpuk\i
k?rezenarcrb in hldlurmno, ima$iF-s o sprdul
i n u r. t t m a r e n u n n d o u i d i mcD si u n i ,Ii i n dcu,r .asup L: I : ( ,u n u i i n ed e : n .o de u ! u n .o vn s.D rss unk!p.
5 upE l 4i:n r ; o a n a in rtu tu
i o ri i $ :,u n scr,nk!npumt
rtd
depa@ .ci,lrr r rc,tuian!nci Elbuie.irdeplsr{'dup1
un c(c dc r lunsnl mrrsinii inrcriorr, pini .and ajunsEi
inpuncdrreso{i.d. D.ci4ipureri^nsicihtoriin.cadc
t
&ei'dihcnsiunc,alirtusis:ipirisili
in.lulcasrosartaidiDe ccnuvedcmom rste diresiuni 3u.linenrre. drci
elesunixcoloo doviB!? De cavcdcmior tiei dincn
r iu n i(p i i : l er i o d i ne n su n .rn p o n l i ? F n p unsul3usnrc*ecJ.erer:rredim\nsiuninu
suffLiel.rlcldinlrrc
suntemobisnuitisi diim. cele dindi 3utucurble inti un
sp:liuto.tu mn. cevadcordinuluneimilioninidcnilio,
nidedenilioni'ncdcmilionincdemilionimcdintu,u.
(o1.
ATU{I
A I]MT U L II
l
cg
i
rl
.d
i
n
tc
l
n
.e
l
? ml m ulkdn
I
de rce$eunivmuri, condiiile nu vor ii propiccpcnttudezvda@ unoromismeconplorej doarin purin. dinrredc,
de sunt sminiioare univesului nosft, sepor de^olil
Iiinrc inrcliseDtqcap26c si $ intrebe
cc
"Dc c$emireaul
r$ cum ll redem?". Rispunsulesa ddDlu:
dadi :r fi fo$
.lilern. noi n an ii ri.i I
Purln i ! : m e nr .i b e n ru p rn re L vJi d trre /euur i
Inrrerp;fuipiului:nropi. nrb,drrexi\h o.oi. dcob,e!
(i ic re rp o r . d t r r i m po rri !a p n n .i p ru tu
rn i ro pnhr e.i
crp rl e penm fi cr ob(n:,: : uni\d.ulul De
pln, in cercnssepoatespuncdspre iorte acstc lnivesun
-cn
ci cxisri ?Dri elesunrrlnenre seprnteunul dedol, t
runcicftr e sci.tinpli ind un ah univehnu Doaks:iribi
cotuccinFobkr$n; in piopnul no$n uniy;. vr trebui.
pri'rurmrq riiacamuzdcprincipiulcconodiei$sileeli
ninan din teoric.Dar, daci, pc dc ilil pMq el. .. Ii doar
ftBiunidfenE rlerni\efuulu'un c Lsik niinro u rebdL
5! lLcrch+iin rore (gidnih,doreceilm ircn, nunFim
puka dedsr conrinuudeh o rgiuie h alc. In rsr oz,
sinsun ditdmli difuc resiunir line de @.didilc iniiale
rlefi.ciren,stlei ciprincipiulanropic
hrc sr reduce
la
Prin.ipiul mt.opic olsi u. posibnrispnnsh nlrcbm.
deccs ru dsu.it dimcnsiunilesplimenarc din ftoria rcF
zilo..Doni dincnsiuninusuntsulicimtepenrn. pcmire
daoh.e bor fiinrecomplior .um 5!nrm noi.De den
cipiuldtiopic Jab, cucondidrdea demoNM ci eonl corzilor pemire celpudn*isEnrr uor 6del dereeiunij^nuri
ves - eer e eo.ia corzilor pdc inr-add:J ; o frci, Ar
putcaloe bine existaalteregiunitrleunivcsului. si! a]te
univdsuri (oric. r insemnaa$a),in cde to.e dinensiunik5unrpurcrni!
drbare,ru in 6! nar muhdc;rp{rudi
mnsuni\unrrprorpepr:q dr rclo n-r pure!qi5h fiinte
intelismG cre si consbENn:rnl diiorit al dinensiunnor
inrnnurd.,E,dno!!ru5Pin.o
FORTTLENAT!R
Unn vor sustineceadc . rci. pdibiliete. pebri judedlii conlorm c*ei., d.ci r crista un set conplet de legi,
re* fapt r indlcd libed.ca lul Dunnezeude *ti nod!
iicr inrenliilii dea inicrcni in lunc, D.r, din nobeft ce
Dum-en dre ,topnternic, n arpue. si gi i.cal.. ingur
libdns d:ci El r dori o ?Senin. o.iaun cuvchlul paudox: pofe Du'nnzeusi tac,o piart.rit dcgrea,incit
si n-o porti ridicx? D-" flpq ideeaci Dumnczcuar pulea
dori si Si sdnm6eintenli2ste Dndcfrplu dc crofc, puri
in didenr: deSl AuBUsthii m.$and i. a nciicfiipui ca
Dum-$
exi*i in tinp. Tirpul e$eo proprict.E dod .
univssului pecre Dumezeu I 1 fte.i I$c dcprcsupusc.
ElitirceinrenlnrrertuncicindEllr.lcitunl
m nol
l5l
li r.zumtti ti sinPlificl
tide de tinD Dini canda@tr
'a
in
d in r.ls';od
si Dredrti 561,(elpurin rum,r'vom
: rsilor.re suwmeu
riun* r;u b o m;miu in(elegoe
uni";sul !idro' GdrD6m *i$s\: nosr: ,
Dar chj:r dr, vom dc{open o teoneompn tura
t.. nu itrermn,.r vompurcr prczner gcner! flenrmm(!'
kle. E &esa din dour modve lnmulene UmD Pe
o PUnein
utrdul d. , rcenirudmedin flEno.@ti(i
de
t&
d Pen'
Nu
e
nitut
prdicti
;,1d .;p:cid!, nosm
mr!!
rmd
Lee
rru r locoli.Inpdcicr xcsripnn:
jr
tf rerdcrvrd< ca dFrdou d
alru Drob,bil,'om r.usiri r6|vin {u:p! mardd
de Godadoe in situd foe sidpl. &a m d sPus'n'
rbn
@!cepe.du
mdi iu ldG lfulva *t.rude
N!
plu
u
cl@n
m.i
milddt
din
nuds
Pu@
@dind
okone{:
m:irml@s:r.@auriinF
.rldhu(nn
irdifiolnrer
lu'
Ndtoi,
de \innltaiorir stehtic':
soort5ieodrdcum_mlnlmrpurJorr o (omPlsibE' re
,pli-\,,, .runs d. .bi(ei solu\iile+roti d*'
i-'";i.i,
ve.dn dc nu.;respundni(ipedeprR (PersFLoriosni
iiaztrede sinusm, "rcodr unifi(& d6prc rof I
A$tzi, csa4tem deja lcsile eic suvemeaz: conPor
rder maEne,in to{ condli;le,.u *ePi: elor srime
hgJetund:mmtskdshu labrzr
lnpmolx,onoa(m
inkeen.hnli 5 b'oloeii lic nuam redus,des8ur,:csE
Ez o l q k : . o , @ : m l w l
iu b iile h lrd iu ld e p ; b ld .
|.1re Dulinsuesin ore,6.r (o
de<oPc
aiub;l ;crdilo, mri.mrrce! &adr,chird:o
q
q
iminc
i,m ui
de lsi fundrmdr:le ne nt
Pstru
mii umrbri m;ue pro"o.ato:rcmFlaru:l d: sisi me
n'.1.i|buned.aDrorimaqqa elin'irs puEm hGPrc
unnicrta
d,di (ih in sitoiii rerle)i rcnPli.rc reo
(cmb !i (omplerq!odntok dor pinul p5: soPul n6_
rtu esrco in\eleBcre.omPled , 6 e
d ri cbid 1 PloPriei nodft cxistml'"
1.2
Concluzie
I'5
O IhI SCURT,{
TTORIEA TIMPULUI
L,
&eft Egxtsrrli ii t.gi trD *idtrr dod
_
'ncpuq m crEh
m dhnome
ilk5iru4n. D-, pe mtuun a ciI
\ua!:,
prqi$*j:' m! rl5 in ultjnlck.ise@k,ru ro"
decopsre du e in c maj mujreRgrJ:rid!
:, teei,su.
csur adc d. r.ese t.3' l-r titut pe L:pt,ce11,ostulezeitr
raputut seotutui
,t Xtxte detsmnimutfindlrci d a
tugeEt
concepute
depozi& ri vn z:. NepodMrs e rzuld detci
e$ecrz 2prnrei impftviziunii.
D. Ilpt, noi raLfinim ddel misiunersiin\ei: er 6te d;!copdirer legilor cr.e nepe.mn predicir fleninentelor in
lnneb impusedprincipiuldeincenirdine, Rinanc itua
i^nt.ebars:cumsaudec. aufo* al6e a.!aLsile ii s@r ini
cda dcLF coiferi o impoenti deosebirilegilorcire
glyedeza ghviMda.d6dee grwibth eseeee erc nc
dlczi $ructurr univenulni pe s6i l,rs4 chirr .laci sre
cs mi :bbi dint.. .ele pah catgorii defo4e. Legigraviadei 6te incomp.tibili cupuncnndcvedre, $sirut pani
de cudnd, dupi sr," uni"dsul sre Dsclinbitor in rinip:
nnivtr
dcqee sravitaiac n totdalm o fo{: de
'er+,
el ftbuie Iiesase.frindi" fie si ie conEete.
Corfom Eonei senqdeI rel.tivitirii, in kdt trcbuies, fi qid o $@
d d.roibG i.nnid, big brs-ul, ore a fo* incputulefetiv al timpului,In modasem:nitor,dei in@s unireGul
'
coLpsartunci r Febu!si.pea in vntor o afti sBie d densiate inf'ni.t n.ro. pribuiirc, cdc r fi sitriol lmpului.
chir drc, nu inkeg nniyenul ar colapsatot ar *i*r sinslbntld in fie.q rcsiun. localiz*i oE ! colapvr pdtuu
a forii o gatri negra. A@neftgilni ar 6n*isi !n sfirJn
rl tinpului pentruori.ine r cidel in grn ne{ri. Lr big
brns i h rlte sinsuleiriti, roatelegile{ de@niedue, dr
fd idcat Dumnee .r pi$ra libenlie rcmpleii s:.leasl
ceM indmpb! i cun 1 in.cput univclsul.
AMcicindconbinimielitivnrErsene$li
mesnicr
dMrict parest seivdcr o noll posibiliee, in*lrenta ina
inte: :ceerci sp4iul ri tinpul por fomr imprflni un spl
liu finit, d.dndincnsional, ftn sinsll$titi saugndt., c'
suprtrlr rin6ntulni, darcu mainulte dimNiuni.Separs
cr a.eardideef putea*plic. multedin p.tucularitalilecu
nosnie .le uniy$ului, on tr fi unifornnaEr sala $ar;i
nre t. dc*c6cnc.. .bncnh k s.arioni dclao'nosoi-
Albert Einstein
i *tr,c iurrn,!n
rcligit
h d s i, Nn { ieh p o ilit u p ru lu r{ s u r n r . r d . l l n n u J . , . , , r i
i i j | * t' l tl i hImP i ns;i gogi .i nI
zdry Rc&nr.
1/rd
run.i,
rt ulliqli\ iDr ir n
prid unJ edN t.
l! c,
"ntrJ. t\l
GalileoGalilei
clexr,propuntn,lu. .ondolintemlionalalarbanentului
De-i lnnsulinrceii vie(i,efortunlcsrlc dedicdapi.ii a!
rusn Ninc lucturi cr.e si nr:ni
r; desiqur,iru rdDs
pllineprieknii.susrinerexpublici
i..dzei si;.istei a fo$
insipedreprrccuno$uttin
1952,cind
ila.i.rirpt!!din,
rir r,LruruiFt i bpiis o, spuniid!i 5e.ondcrr orer
o;n din purdc rd;ft po r; Irir oorr.r,no!\ul;cn
eri iltul;cxsi lcn.ddin nou,
rin., ccu{iitesunt
"pcnt;
n.i irpoaante,deoarecepoliriocsrepcntru
pEzcnt,drro
IsaacNewton
Glosar
e*e finit, dd n!
1-OStIata
odaticu.pfida ecski.:irti,ciritorulioninarehdn
poz\icp.trutitlu; scmn?tedeunuldinrc.einnnradcos
mologi .onrcmpond, stephenHr\yling, toate]pidc h
Ddnun HuDxnirtrs..cl ri cdiliile o.igimle, srn rdducori
l. lor in altczecidelimbi.c.4i1elni Hrvkins s aubucurar
in hn noxsd:deu. frart succes,
ilu$rd prin num.rosc
reeditinsN rctipirni.Desimri cLLorrcrinxi r.casibile
cnitorilordeprttutindeii,niciunuldinrc dtlurilecm xu
vn t'.rnu nbfi. nflp,l1ri rr cgalrtinci recorduledi
^ a luiStephenHN[ins
torial$rbih dciccr*i pridi carto
rdresatipubliculuilars, rccod absolutpentruo cne al cirei snbiccr.$e un domeniuJe sninri.
c*lilc lui Hiskins nai delh itri ii altLlderecordur
i
dc
d!t.
accdra,
nnilelri
desprc
cde.
foaft
probrbil,
Drorul bnhnic nici nu giier U,irn*l indr a.i; de,'.n
ti o tui flin ntuie d ti6tkl,i N apifu h mi I' un in
Fftal detinp dcorbit descurtdc h hnsrrer 1orii cnsleza,irr prim dinrc elein condi{iigrrficecu rotul dcosobne,
.aft o impundiept candidfi linsci h rirlul dcc.a mi In
mosi c*te $iin{ifi.i apiruti h noi ii If..
a cddirr rli drti $m: strtu'sbn;4 ,nr!//;, ridu<rc
Mi
.hz.t2 ciadluj viql ki Einnlin ti dk 60r| oer.d, radu.qc ri
loc creo'gh! shh! .onroLur $ri]\ific d rhdoftdi Mihai vnin$c!; uni,,syti,n
a @dji dc t".;, ntu.@ chcoqhc s,ndn, oll
diu lhts,aeu ri An$ vi$dN,Jntsnjnq edtGi. ch.o4tr sklnD
b'Bb:ns-brg(run.h
DirJ(c5a. Lr ficmrepw: ocluLu'
D' biEb;nBu
i-*o p.u"'i.O, mc.e"
-*i"rsFdo,
putin
bis .pjn;
rilcw6,vc r rcbuL$ fiedine in * rui
Laaconftu,doar...une'puh4 . f:f sufi.knttimp inlre
con{dbreLl!
ndflurilor .omplere
c c u e pmib :pji
.Pecinih
Inmfd
de
no' in u;ive6 E\Gd,eptme.,,in
( rcah :aumntft
nr, losduePini l:
"rnrflclio
oDllr
GauccaDntinN i. lucriJik xceibib hdnciorului)
'lnlneia
Mai tutki i:bni. t otul ci rcum nc .m xrL in
hz deie.miunc a univdsului;{e lrdc.zi $nului Gi
un'culd'lib,sbdsrofu xn rol srl,l, deDrcedionat
dcftrde:u reulkr rpltiulsi impul ln dodeulnr
d.rd. inoul rre de.i un inc.pnt, inaine. cinr nu a cx$
su el p,!i" ni:nic detectrbilprin netodele
h! .i-i.
des
Hrwkinsn rid'nirercaE dllimrndmore'
5tiin(.iro,ic,
univerul* o ryoluncc cli.r ncrton:
h noua
dini-o su.cesiun inlinitr dc cxplozii,!m1k fisarc deo
noua*Drnsiuc liri 5i exi$cvm fazi incnn.dira decon
i.tuziideener
*-ria iJnivasularorini oeriodic
-bicc" nn rtet de mult
dar
dii
.ou
icnp*rtura
eG ;,e i-a
." in b Bbrs-i.iuldinrrn ul,Dndrd SinslLnBh,. alit
dedtu invooDdc Hiakinginrt O wi<eii,ron.Pen
h nofrcntul inilirl al bis b.ngului sendrd, nu vi. Prc
duceni.iodati in noul nodcl. ca urnirc, lesilenaturii rr
rinene odeanm v.hbile, inclusivla nomcntul *Ploziilor
periodice.Ae$ fipr de o mareinpon.nlii !t Pentro*,
inti'
dit si ,enrru filozoficl
'co.fom
teorieiunivdllui .iclic, noi ne .s 2Jl trctual
dentcint-o ldr d. dprsiunc eelcnti, h circ. cincisPt_
zccamiliardcdeani dcla "6mg-ul c.rc a scnent univcsul
r Nu $r iaoi.. d$,u. n-i m! ncf' unlm flctrnp +nrr'
rl((u
nu@niico
EoLoLicCsnoLdJlin0rrcisri0d!L"r
Dh
.!
drcur
J!
h
po""
r
r,-;", n.*N.l
^6tu' '
-i'Jwr
e ft\n!
'u d
rct! rnl.n!tratdjo
pornot :F,
um l ! ! b|uE. )
r su6clor.ormtredc
sssrc lrn prc(edcu
d. (upnsc\uiresr... h'bsftrc: inrruphderEzni p;odreh a(n I
rik- Nu ptre btusi Fv5 Dietr.treuatoi
rnt@st pubtidui pe;h co,;obsic d-vtui. o htu
.
un anumnilhi,mj crrc
ncb.e pemF ri ic pro.uprmde\oan, urmrritornolEi
ioarteindep;ft
{i.sunhm.onlft ndqt uru\eratnonru!l
rk uoni4ir ne\ib6il,d,r,l prctertn.;r ma,,ndep:(:r
mri bincpeq! .ir*: krli(U d(rr,dec psr. ersi mr
rrdc Apoi.uisimrlinrrt in id*i.i unns5uiiri\r con
mua *rtenla ri dup: cevai @.ut prin ioc Dunlicriori
din {f re.irre .a pda, thocni\ !i"d
Cih, i; pn..ipi",
ce cedn pulch rcord. noii tarii| ln pinet nei ni
,r&,, Wcinbcrgi,i puneo inftbm $enlnibrre in teitur. cu teoiir cosmolosid $Mdrrd. Rddndu seL i;;^
rc$ei ftorii, Iizicianulamcricanobsc6,i ci riscutcei mi
nrc nu e$c iceh dea lur rsria in scrios,ci dc a nu o tua
in seriosd6o1. Aa6cr dwe shiesici , iniiru iarhutt dcz
rcltrrca si relomrcr .coriei*rd{.1
cr.dibiliar.a toriei uniycsuluicictic.$e leeri dsDrin
(jpilulri promoror,?r J \dnhrd.p,orcso,'Atbcftf i,r
{on d! lrnnk h pre(jgjoEr Uni\e6iite pnnlc{on.
ultinul locu c a lucnr ccldeL qF s{ dmnunclcF":
ruiti u prof6orJ.n{el.ru:brrt@ne retri\irrr,.s(in_
turd arco uivih( )tjinrif'lt prod,aLosr,
cyrin\rh mi
mu , c t lo m m n : l c zf i . ii :i n p l u s,ct/to s,mD l r*rcr \ Ln
rtlomrrcr nodelulni cosmotosic
sh..LJd pr; dsvol@o
modeluluiinllalionr i p.in inslobaH iittiriei in 3cenriul
$mdard. chirr &d nouakoie a univeGllui cidn vr n,i
' Modrlt<d. ,thr{$u
ruiPo
M ,\' n r i
Cwda.ituint ,., ,.
...
.
..-..
1. OandioddsDre mivds
.
2, Imcina no;!i evolutivrdesp( uivs
.
.
...
3. Nd;nbriildi stiinlifie.
a.Univ.dl lui Newton,,.. ,..
.
5.Relnivibr er, . . , .. .
- .....
... .......
6.Spaliultr b,. .
7. Udivcful in aD:nsiunc
s. B's b,ng-uL,gAu'ilcresr ri dolu!: urvduLui
9. CdliE\n mtici
Io. Gnuiledevime$cilitoritin timP . ,. ,. .
11.Fo4elcn&rii ti mifidc.Ezicii ,. .. .- .
12.concltr te.,.,........,,.,,
......
Albst EiNEin ,.,.. .
crtileo Gdilei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , , . . . . . . . . .
Isa.cNMon. . . , ,. ..
12
19
13
46
53
77
117
lrl
160
163
) , L l0