‘Advanced Testing and Characterization of Bituminous Materials — ‘Loizos, Pat, Scarpas & ALQadi (ods) (© 2009 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-415-55854-9 Development of a laboratory bituminous mixtures ageing protocol C. dela Roche Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées, Nantes, France M. Van de Ven Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands W. Van den bergh Artesis Hogeschool Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium T. Gabet Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées, Nantes, France V. Dubois, Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées, Nantes, France!PRES Université Lille Nord de France -LAMTI, Bithune, France J. Grenfell Nottingham Transportation Engineering Centre, University of Nottingham, UK L. Porot ‘Shell Bitumen, France ABSTRACT: The RILEM TC-ATB-TGS, in charge of “recyeling of bituminous materials” hhas decided to develop a laboratory procedure with the aim of reproducing the ageing of bitu- ‘minous materials until the end of their service life (milled product). This procedure will help to assess the recyclability of mixtures and will allow Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) produc- tion in the laboratory in a realistic way. The ageing of bituminous materials is mainly linked to the ageing of the binder and is normally separated into short and long-term ageing: — The short-term ageing simulating ageing caused by the manufacture of the material in the mixing plant, transport and paving, especially the necessity to increase the binder tempera ture up to 160-190°C according to the type of binder and material to be manufactured. — The long-term ageing simulating the influence of the climatic conditions and traffic load- ing on ageing during service life. In the framework of an LCPC fatigue carousel experiment, a bituminous material with 1 35/50 pure bitumen was laid in January 2008. Loose mix and components (aggregates, bitumen) of the mix have been sampled to carry out a laboratory ageing round robin test, organised between the labs of the RILEM group. Also, on the fatigue carousel, coring will be ‘carried out at several intervals to follow the evolution of the material, In this paper, a state of the art regarding the existing methodologies for the laboratory age~ ing of bituminous materials is presented as well as the round Robin test, including the tested ageing procedures and the tests chosen to validate these procedures according to the field site data. The first results are discussed with the focus on distribution analysis. 1 INTRODUCTION Due to the trend to fulfil sustainable development requirements, the fact that access to easy to extract oil is over and the price increase and well as the shortage of good quality aggregates, 331recycling of asphalt pavement is a very important activity. In this context, the recycling of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is becoming a major concern for road owners, contrac tors and material suppliers. The development is to increase the percentages of RAP in new asphalt mixtures. In order to predict and improve the knowledge of the potential to recycle old bituminous materials and the influence of their use on the performance of new bitumi- nous materials, specific laboratory tests have to be developed, In the framework of the RILEM Technical Committee ATB—Advanced Testing of Bitu- ‘minous Materials— Task Group 5 (TGS) “recycling of bituminous materials” focuses on the ‘main issues regarding this subject. In addition to a European survey of the use of RAP. (Planche, 2008), TGS has decided to focus on the possibility to study recyclability of mixtures and RAP production in the laboratory. In order to achieve this goal, a laboratory procedure hhas been developed, aiming at reproducing in the laboratory the ageing of bituminous mate- rials until the end of their service lie (milled product) After a literature review on existing ageing procedures for bituminous materials in the laboratory, the paper presents the testing protocol chosen after preliminary tests performed, by LCPC. The organisation of a round robin test aiming at evaluating the relevance of the test procedure is described. The round robin tests are still running but the first results are presented and analysed in the paper. 2. DEVELOPMENT OF A MIXTURE AGEING PROTOCOL 2.1 Literature review Previous studies have been carried out to define a laboratory procedure that can predict the future ageing of asphalt mixtures (Porot et al, 2008). ‘The SHRP programme A383 (Bell, 1994) has defined a laboratory ageing procedure for asphalt mixtures. The AASHTO R30-2 method is based on that procedure and it con- sists of: — A short-term ageing step in which the loose mixture is aged in a foreed-is 0m mean val] [= iab 01-mean valu [e-iab oamean vale step Figure 11. Evolution of leo during the ageing test Results of labs O1, 08 & 09. 3434.3.2 Comparison between results of lab n°01, 08 and 09 In Figure 11, the results of the 3 labs are presented. An increase of Ico index can be noticed for the 3 labs, but the inerease seems to be greater for laboratory 08. Laboratories 01 and 09 show similar behaviour despite the offset at step -1, for the virgin binders. We can note that a difference of results for the virgin binders is an issue which will have to be explained. For all the labs, a decrease between step 7 and step 9 can be noticed. The reasons are still o be discovered, 5 PRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES, In order to forecast and improve the knowledge about the recyclability potential of old bitu- ‘minous materials and the influence of their use on the performance of new bituminous mate- rials, specific laboratory tests have to be developed. In the framework of the RILEM Technical Committee ATB—Advanced Testing of Bitumi- nous Materials—Task Group 5, devoted to “recycling of bituminous materials” has decided. to focus on recyclability of mixtures and RAP production in laboratory. In order to achieve this goal, a laboratory procedure has been developed, aiming at repro- ducing the ageing of bituminous materials until the end of the service life in the laboratory. Based on literature review, the ageing protocol has been divided in short and long-term protocols after the manufacturing, in order to simulate the two following phases of ageing: transportation and laying, and ageing on site once the road is constructed. ~ For short-term ageing, loose mixture is aged in the oven for 4 hours at 135°C. — For long-term ageing, loose mixture is aged in an oven for 9 days at 85°C. ‘The effect of ageing on the bituminous mixture is assessed through the evolution of the recovered binder at different steps of the protocol in comparison to the classical ageing tests performed on the binder itself “The first results coming from a round robin test including 12 participating laboratories show that the ageing of the plant mix is similar to the ageing of the mix manufactured in the laboratory and subjected to the short-term ageing protocol, for all the indicators tested, (penetration, ring and ball, DSR and FTIR). ‘The mix subjected to long-term ageing evolves until the 9 days of the protocol and seems to lead to a more aged binder compared to the classical ageing tests on binders. Evenif the results obtained show some scatter between the different laboratories, the results are quite consistent in terms of evolution and the scatter is not high taking into account that the results obtained on recovered binders include the reproducibility of the ageing protocol, the recovery procedure as well as the binder test itself, ‘The results presented are preliminary results and they will be completed and further ana- lysed with the continuation of TGS work and especially with the comparison to the actual ageing of the bituminous mix on site ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ‘The authors greatly thank all the participating laboratories which produced these first results| as well as the members of RILEM TC-ATB-1GS for their comments on these results. Spe- cial thanks to Tanoe Porquet from LCPC who performed all the preliminary tests REFERENCES AASHTO R30-2 Mixture Conditioning of Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA). Airey G., Choi ¥.K., Cllop A., Moore A. and Elliot R.C. 2008. 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