Mpls NSN Training Day 3 Ospf

OSPF (Open Shortest Path first)
Mitrabh Shukla
National IP Manager
Agenda
What is a Link State Protocol?
How Does OSPF Work?
How Do I Scale OSPF?
What Are Some Tips for Deployment?
How Do I Configure OSPF?
How Do I Verify OSPF ?
For internal use

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Nokia Siemens Networks
MPLS / Mitrabh Shukla
Why Is It Called a Link State Protocol?
specific link characteristics and state information
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Link State Protocol Operation
Zs Link State
Qs Link State
Z
X
Xs Link State
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A
B
C
Q
Z
X
2
13
13
Topology Information Is
Kept in a Database
Separate from the Routing
Table
Advantages of a Link State Protocol

Uses costs to calculate path
Typically displays faster convergence than distance vector
routing protocols
Typically more scalable due to hierarchical nature
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OSPF Benefits
Uses metricspath cost
Support for CIDR, VLSM, authentication, multipath, and IP
unnumbered
Relatively low, steady state bandwidth requirements
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OSPF History
Development began 1987 by IETF
OSPFv2 established in 1991 with RFC 1247
Goala link state protocol more efficient and scaleable than
RIP
Latest revision is RFC 2328 April 1998
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Agenda
How Does OSPF Work?
What are some tips for Deployment?
How do I configure OSPF?
How do I verify OSPF ?
For internal use

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OSPF Functions and Definitions

The high-level function of OSPF is
Discover neighbors and form adjacencies
Flood Link State Database (LSDB) information
Compute the shortest path
Install routes in route forwarding table
This section expands on these functions
Some definitions are needed first
(See text on the page with this slide)
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Discovering Adjacent Neighbors

Discover neighbors with Hello packets
Form Adjacencies with appropriate neighbors
Exchange Link State Database (LSDB) information
using Link State Advertisements (LSA)
RID A
RID B
Hello, Im B
Hello, Im A
Lets exchange information

OK
I know about these links
I know about these links
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Adjacency States
Sample Log showing adjacency process
P1R1(config-router)#log-adjacency-changes detail
6d04h: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr 10.131.63.251 on
FastEthernet0/0 from DOWN to INIT, Received Hello
FastEthernet0/0 from INIT to 2WAY, 2-Way Received
FastEthernet0/0 from 2WAY to EXSTART, AdjOK?
FastEthernet0/0 from EXSTART to EXCHANGE, Negotiation Done
FastEthernet0/0 from EXCHANGE to LOADING, Exchange Done
FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
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Flooding Link State Advertisements
Propagate changes to maintain Link State Database

synchronization
Flooding can impact

performance in large nets
Keep LSDB small!
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Animated
Computing the Shortest Path Tree
The optimal path is determined by the

sum of the interface costs: Cost = 10 8/BW
Actual Network
10
Shortest Path Tree
128.213.0.0
0
10
10
128.213.0.0
10
192.213.11.0
10
10
5
222.211.10.0
For internal use
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192.213.11.0
222.211.10.0
When a Link Changes State
Router 2, Area 1
Router 1, Area 1
LSA
Link State Database
ACK
Every router in an
area hears a specific
link LSA
Each router computes
shortest path routing
table
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Dijkstra Algorithm
Routing Table
Updated
Routing Table
OSPF Areas
Area is a group of contiguous
hosts and networks
Each area has a
topology database
Area 13
Area 10
Area 12
Invisible outside the area

Reduction in routing traffic
Area 0
Backbone area must be

contiguous
All other areas must
RIP/RIPv2 World
connect to the backbone
Virtual Links
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Area 11
What Are Virtual Links?

AREA 20
AREA 10
AREA 0
All areas must connect to area 0.0.0.0

Not recommended So whats it for?
Tunnel ABR summaries to area 0
Allow areas to connect to areas other than 0
Repair a discontinuous area 0 (for example, if two
companies merge and have backbones)
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Router Types and Location
Area 13
Area 10
Area 12
Area Border Routers
Area 0
Backbone Router (BR)

Inside the core
Between areas
RIP/RIPv2
Network
Area 11
Internal Router (IR)

Inside an area
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Autonomous System Boundary Routers

(ASBR) bordering a non-OSPF area
OSPF Routing Protocol Packets

Share a common protocol header
Routing protocol packets are sent with
type of service (TOS) of 0
5 types of routing protocol packets (see text)
0
1
2
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
VERSION
|
TYPE
|
LENGTH
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
ROUTER ID
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
AREA ID
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
CHECKSUM
|
AuTYPE
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
AUTHENTICATION
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
DATA
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Common Types of Link State Advertisements

(LSAs)
Router link (LSA type 1)
Network link (LSA type 2)
Network summary (LSA type 3)
ASBR Summary (LSA type 4)
External (LSA type 5)
NSSA external (LSA type 7)
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Opaque Link State Advertisements (LSAs)

RFC 2370
Used for distribution for applications
Opaque link-local (LSA type 9)
Opaque area-local (LSA type 10)
First Cisco implementation with RSVP
Opaque AS (LSA type 11)
Similar to type 5
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Simplified Example of Different LSAs

External
External (type 7)
ASBR IR
(only in NSSA)
ABR Summary (type 3)

IR ABR IR
ASBR
Area 10
ABR
Router link (type 1)

IR IR
Area 0
Network link (type 2)

DR IR
External (type 5)
ASBR IR
ABR
ASBR
DR
Area 11
RIP Network
ASBR
RIP Network
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ASBR Summary (type 4)

ABR IR (about ASBR)
Note: only one example of each LSA type

exchange is demonstrated in this graphic
Animated
Multi-Access Media
Gig/Fast/Ethernet, FDDI, Token Ring

Multicast
DR and BDR for each network
BDR
BDR
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DR
DR
Uses IP Multicast for Sending/Receiving Updates

On Broadcast networks
DR and BDR > AllSPFRouters (224.0.0.5)
All other routers > AllDRRouters (224.0.0.6)
Hello packets sent to All SPFRouters (Unicast on point-to-point
and virtual links)
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Agenda
How Does OSPF Work?
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Using Areas
Area
Border
Router
Area 2
Area 3
Area 0
Internal
Backbone
Router
Router
Area 4
Area 1
Internet
Autonomous
System (AS)
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Border Router
Regular Area Flooding

x.x.x.1
External
X.X.X.1
ASBR
Backbone Area 0
x.x.x.1
2.x.x.x
3.x.x.x
x.x.x.1
1.x.x.x
2.x.x.x
x.x.x.1
1.x.x.x
3.x.x.x
3.3.1.0
2.2.1.0
1.1.1.0
2.2.4.0
1.1.4.0
3.3.4.0
Token
Ring
Token
Ring
Token
Ring
Token
Ring
Token
Ring
Token
Ring
1.1.3.0
1.1.4.0
2.2.3.0
2.2.4.0
3.3.3.0
3.3.4.0
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Stub Area Flooding

x.x.x.1
External
X.X.X.1
ASBR
Backbone Area 0
Default
2.x.x.x
3.x.x.x
x.x.x.1
1.x.x.x
2.x.x.x
x.x.x.1
1.x.x.x
3.x.x.x
3.3.1.0
2.2.1.0
1.1.1.0
2.2.4.0
1.1.4.0
3.3.4.0
Token
Ring
Token
Ring
Token
Ring
Token
Ring
Token
Ring
Token
Ring
1.1.3.0
1.1.4.0
2.2.3.0
2.2.4.0
3.3.3.0
3.3.4.0
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Totally Stubby Area Flooding

x.x.x.1
External
X.X.X.1
ASBR
Backbone Area 0
area x stub no-summary
Default
area x stub
x.x.x.1
1.x.x.x
2.x.x.x
x.x.x.1
1.x.x.x
3.x.x.x
3.3.1.0
2.2.1.0
1.1.1.0
2.2.4.0
1.1.4.0
3.3.4.0
Token
Ring
Token
Ring
Token
Ring
Token
Ring
Token
Ring
Token
Ring
1.1.3.0
1.1.4.0
2.2.3.0
2.2.4.0
3.3.3.0
3.3.4.0
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Not So Stubby Areas (NSSA) Flooding

x.x.x.1
External
X.X.X.1
ASBR
Backbone Area 0
x.x.x.2
Default
x.x.x.1
x.x.x.2
1.x.x.x
3.x.x.x
Default
2.x.x.x
3.x.x.x
Default must be
manually configured
Default
x.x.x.1
x.x.x.2
1.x.x.x
2.x.x.x
1.1.4.0
x.x.x.2
Token
Ring
Token
Ring
1.1.3.0
1.1.4.0
External
X.X.X.2
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3.3.1.0
2.2.1.0
1.1.1.0
LSA Type
2.2.4.0
3.3.4.0
Token
Ring
Token
Ring
Token
Ring
Token
Ring
2.2.3.0
2.2.4.0
3.3.3.0
3.3.4.0
Summarization
Route summarization is the consolidation of advertised
addresses
Instead of advertising many specific prefixes, advertise only one
summary prefix
Area range command on ABR
to summarize type 3 LSAs
Summary-address command on ASBR
to summarize type 5 LSAs
LSDB is smaller and more stable
Drawback is possible suboptimal routing
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Inter-Area Route Summarization - Area Range

ABRs will advertise networks in one area into another area
By default ABRs do not always summarize routes between
areas
Advertise a summary route that covers as many individual
networks within the area as possible (requires good
address design)
On the ABR (Summarizes routes before injecting them
into different area)
Router(config-router)#area <area-id> range
<network-address>
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<subnet-mask>
External Route Summarization - summary-address

Each route, redistributed into OSPF from other protocols,
is advertised individually with an external link state
advertisement (LSA)
To reduce the size of the OSPF link state database
configure a summary for external routes that are covered
by a specified network address and mask
On the ASBR only (Summarizes external routes before
injecting them into the OSPF domain)
Router(config-router)# summary-address
<network-address> <subnet-mask>
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Not Summarized: Specific Links
1.1.1.0
1.1.2.0
1.1.3.0
1.1.4.0
Backbone
3.3.1.0
3.3.2.0
3.3.3.0
3.3.4.0
Area 0
1.1.4.0
1.1.2.0
Token
Ring
3.3.4.0
2.2.1.0
Token
Ring
3.3.1.0
1.1.1.0
2.2.1.0
2.2.2.0
2.2.3.0
Token
Ring
Token
Ring
1.1.3.0
2.2.3.0
Token
Ring
2.2.2.0
Normal LSA flooding across area boundaries

Link state changes propagate out
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Token
Ring
3.3.3.0
3.3.4.0
Summarized: Summary Links
Backbone
1.0.0.0
3.0.0.0
Area 0
3.3.1.0
1.1.1.0
2.0.0.0
3.3.4.0
1.1.4.0
1.1.2.0
2.2.1.0
Token
Ring
Token
Ring
Token
Ring
Token
Ring
1.1.3.0
2.2.3.0
Token
Ring
3.3.3.0
Token
Ring
2.2.2.0
Only summary LSA flooding across area boundaries

Link-state changes NOT propagated out
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3.3.4.0
Preventing Suboptimal Summarization
If R1 and R1 advertise the 11.1/16

subnet into area 0, suboptimal routing
could occur
Use the area range command and
divide the /16 into two /17s
Configure on Both ABRs
Area 0
ABR1
ABR2
R1
R2
11.1/16
area 10 range 11.1.0 /17

area 10 range 11.1.128 /17
Cost to Range 1:
Via ABR1: 30 (R1-R3-R5)
Via ABR2: 60 (R2-R4-R5)
Cost to Range 2:
Via ABR1: 60 (R1-R3-R6)
Via ABR2: 30 (R2-R4-R6)
For internal use
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10
10
11.1.1/24
Area 10
R3
R4
20
20
50
11.1.2/24
11.1.129/24
R5
Range 1
50
R6
11.1.130/24
Range 2
Addressing
Assign contiguous ranges of subnets per area to facilitate
summarization
Area 0
network 192.117.49.0
range 255.255.255.0
Area 3
Area 1
Area 2
network 131.108.0.0
network 131.108.0.0
network 131.108.0.0
subnets 49-63
subnets 17-31
subnets 33-47
range 255.255.240.0
range 255.255.240.0
range 255.255.240.0
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Agenda
How Does OSPF Work?
How do I configure OSPF?
How do I verify OSPF ?
For internal use

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Service Provider Deployment Characteristics
SPs will have only one instance of IGP running

throughout network
BGP carries external reachability
No Redistribution
Canada
Brazil
OSPF 1
OSPF 1
BGP 1
BGP 1
IP Backbone
OSPF 1
OSPF 1
OSPF 1
BGP 1
USA
Japan
OSPF 1
BGP 1
France
For internal use
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BGP 1
BGP 1
OSPF 1
BGP 1
Germany
Service Provider OSPF Features

OSPF features ISPs should consider
OSPF logging neighbor changes
OSPF reference cost
OSPF Router ID Command
OSPF Process Clear/Restart
OSPF Authentication
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Agenda
How Does OSPF Work?
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Configure OSPF Steps

Configure OSPF Process
Enable OSPF routing, which places you in router
configuration mode
router OSPF process-id
Define networks to advertise

Network Statement or Redistribution
Configure OSPF Interfaces
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OSPF - Adding Networks

(Specific Network Statements)
Specific network statements
Every interface participating in OSPF requires a network
statement
router OSPF 100
network 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.3 area 51
network 192.168.1.5 0.0.0.3 area 51
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OSPF - Adding Networks

(Redistribution)
redistribute connected subnets
Works for all connected interfaces on the router but networks
are not summarized
router OSPF 100
redistribute connected subnets
Not recommended
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Router Sub-commands
NETWORK <n.n.n.n> <mask> AREA <area-id>
AREA <area-id> STUB {no-summary}
AREA <area-id> AUTHENTICATION
AREA <area-id> DEFAULT_COST <cost>
AREA <area-id> VIRTUAL-LINK <router-id>...
AREA <area-id> RANGE <address mask>
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OSPF - Passive Interface

For interfaces that should not participate in OSPF set them as
passive
router OSPF 100
passive-interface Serial 1/0
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OSPF - Default Passive Interface

Sets all interfaces as passive by default
Activate interfaces that need to have adjacencies set
router OSPF 100
passive-interface default
no passive-interface POS 4/0
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OSPF - Virtual Links

AREA 20
AREA 10
AREA 0
The virtual link is between router ID 1.1.1.1 and router

ID 2.2.2.2
on router 1.1.1.1
area 10 virtual-link 2.2.2.2
on router 2.2.2.2
area 10 virtual-link 1.1.1.1
For internal use
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Interface Subcommands
IP OSPF COST <cost>
IP OSPF PRIORITY <8-bit-number>
IP OSPF HELLO-INTERVAL <number-of-seconds>
IP OSPF DEAD-INTERVAL <number-of-seconds>
IP OSPF AUTHENTICATION-KEY <8-bytes-of-password>
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Agenda
How Does OSPF Work?
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Verify Configuration
P1R1#show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "ospf 100"
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Router ID 10.131.31.251
It is an area border router
Number of areas in this router is 2. 2 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
10.131.31.224 0.0.0.3 area 0
10.131.31.228 0.0.0.3 area 110
10.131.31.240 0.0.0.3 area 0
10.131.31.251 0.0.0.0 area 0
10.131.255.224 0.0.0.3 area 0
Passive Interface(s):
Ethernet2/0
Ethernet3/0
Loopback0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway
Distance
Last Update
10.131.31.251
110
00:00:13
Distance: (default is 110)
For internal use
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OSPF Verification (Routes)

Are routes getting old?
show ip route
OSPF routes should get old
Is the number of routes stable?
If you have the luxury, fail a link, allow the network to
converge then restore the link and let the network converge
Are convergence times appropriate for the protocol
Remember to account for differentials in convergence time
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show ip route ospf

P1R1#show ip route ospf
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 24 subnets, 4 masks
O IA
10.131.63.254/32 [110/31] via 10.131.31.226, 2d19h, E1/0AGE
O IA
10.131.63.252/32 [110/21] via 10.131.31.226, 2d19h, E1/0
O IA
10.131.63.253/32 [110/31] via 10.131.31.226, 2d19h, E1/0
O
10.131.63.251/32 [110/11] via 10.131.31.226, 2d19h, E1/0
O IA
10.131.63.228/30 [110/20] via 10.131.31.226, 2d19h, E1/0
O
10.131.63.224/30 [110/20] via 10.131.31.226, 2d19h, E1/0
O IA
10.131.63.236/30 [110/30] via 10.131.31.226, 2d19h, E1/0
O IA
10.131.63.232/30 [110/30] via 10.131.31.226, 2d19h, E1/0
O
10.131.31.254/32 [110/21] via 10.131.31.230, 2d19h, E0/0
O
10.131.31.252/32 [110/11] via 10.131.31.230, 2d19h, E0/0
O IA
10.131.31.253/32 [110/21] via 10.131.31.230, 2d19h, E0/0
O
10.131.31.236/30 [110/20] via 10.131.31.230, 2d19h, E0/0
O IA
10.131.31.232/30 [110/20] via 10.131.31.230, 2d19h, E0/0
O
10.131.223.240/30 [110/20] via 10.131.31.226, 2d19h, E1/0
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OSPF Verification (neighbors)

Do I have all the neighbors I should have?
Are neighbors in the FULL state?
P1R1#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID
10.131.63.251
10.131.31.252
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Pri
1
1
State
FULL/DR
FULL/DR
Dead Time
Address
00:00:37 10.131.31.226
00:00:31 10.131.31.230
Interface
E1/0
E0/0
Other OSPF Show Commands

show ip OSPF
show ip OSPF interface
show ip OSPF database
show ip OSPF virtual-links
show ip OSPF border-routers
show ip OSPF flood-list
show ip OSPF request-list
show ip OSPF retransmission-list
show ip OSPF summary-address
For internal use

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show ip ospf (1 of 2)
P1R1#sh ip ospf
Routing Process "ospf 100" with ID 10.131.31.251
Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes
Supports opaque LSA
It is an area border router
SPF schedule delay 5 secs, Hold time between two SPFs 10 secs
Minimum LSA interval 5 secs. Minimum LSA arrival 1 secs
LSA group pacing timer 240 secs
Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs
Retransmission pacing timer 66 msecs
Number of external LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
Number of opaque AS LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
Number of DCbitless external and opaque AS LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge external and opaque AS LSA 0
Number of areas in this router is 2. 2 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
External flood list length 0
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show ip ospf (2 of 2)
Area BACKBONE(0)
Number of interfaces in this area is 5
Area has no authentication
SPF algorithm executed 5 times
Area ranges are
Number of LSA 27. Checksum Sum 0x0D12B3
Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
Number of DCbitless LSA 0
Number of indication LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge LSA 14
Flood list length 0
Area 110
Number of interfaces in this area is 1
Area has no authentication
SPF algorithm executed 4 times
Area ranges are
Number of LSA 38. Checksum Sum 0x126275
Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
Number of DCbitless LSA 0
Number of indication LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
Flood list length 0
For internal use
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show ip OSPF interface

P1R1#show ip OSPF interface
Ethernet2/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 10.131.255.226/30, Area 0
PID 100, Router ID 10.131.31.251, Net Type BROADCAST, Cost: 10
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1
Designated Router (ID) 10.131.31.251, address 10.131.255.226
No backup designated router on this network
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
No Hellos (Passive interface)
Index 5/6, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Loopback0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 10.131.31.251/32, Area 0
PID 100, Router ID 10.131.31.251, Net Type LOOPBACK, Cost: 1
Loopback interface is treated as a stub Host
===========================snip===============================
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show ip OSPF database

P1R1#show ip OSPF database
OSPF Router with ID (10.131.31.251) (Process ID 100)
Router Link States (Area 0)
Link ID
ADV Router
Age
Seq#
Checksum Link
count
10.131.31.251
10.131.31.251
1872
0x80000060 0x00DF2F 5
10.131.31.252
10.131.31.252
1
(DNA) 0x80000002 0x00B0E3 1
===========================snip==============================
Link ID
10.131.31.226
Net Link States (Area 0)

ADV Router
Age
10.131.63.251
107
Link ID
10.131.31.228
10.131.31.228
Summary Net Link States (Area 0)

ADV Router
Age
Seq#
Checksum
10.131.31.251
1872
0x80000060 0x00F0AB
10.131.31.252
5
(DNA) 0x80000001 0x00A951
Seq#
Checksum
0x8000005F 0x0040D4
===========================snip==============================
Link ID
10.131.31.252
10.131.63.252
Summary ASB Link States (Area 0)

ADV Router
Age
Seq#
Checksum
10.131.31.251
1876
0x8000005E 0x00087A
10.131.63.251
110
0x8000005F 0x00C37D
Continues with other areas

For internal use
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show ip OSPF virtual-links

P1R1#show ip OSPF virtual-links
Virtual Link OSPF_VL0 to router 10.131.31.252 is up
Run as demand circuit
DoNotAge LSA allowed.
Transit area 110, via interface Ethernet0/0, Cost of using 10
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
Hello due in 00:00:06
Adjacency State FULL (Hello suppressed)
Index 2/3, retransmission queue length 0, number of retransmission
2
First 0x0(0)/0x0(0) Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last retransmission scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last retransmission scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
For internal use

59
Chapter Summary
You should now be able to:
Describe the functional characteristics of OSPF
Discuss OSPF scalability practices
Configure basic OSPF routing
Configure OSPF areas
Verify OSPF functionality
For internal use

60
show ip OSPF flood-list

P1R1#show ip OSPF flood-list
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Ethernet2/0, Queue length

Loopback0, Queue length 0
For internal use

61
0
0
0
0
show ip OSPF request-list

P1R1#show ip OSPF request-list
Neighbor 10.131.63.251, interface E1/0 address 10.131.31.226
Type LS ID
ADV RTR
Seq NO
Age
Checksum
Type LS ID
ADV RTR
Seq NO
Age
Checksum
For internal use

62
show ip OSPF retransmission-list

P1R1#show ip OSPF retransmission-list
For internal use

63
show ip OSPF summary-address

P1R1#show ip OSPF summary-address
OSPF Process 100, Summary-address
Not configured
For internal use

64
show ip OSPF border-routers
P1R1#show ip OSPF border-routers

OSPF Process 100 internal Routing Table
Codes: i - Intra-area route, I - Inter-area route
i 10.131.63.251 [10] via 10.131.31.226, E1/0, ABR, Area
i 10.131.63.252 [20] via 10.131.31.226, E1/0, ABR/ASBR,
i 10.131.31.252 [10] via 10.131.31.230, E0/0, ABR/ASBR,
i 10.131.31.252 [10] via 10.131.31.230, E0/0, ABR/ASBR,
For internal use

65
0, SPF 5
Area 0, SPF 5
Area 0, SPF 5
Area 110, SPF 4

Mpls NSN Training Day 3 Ospf

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OSPF (Open Shortest Path first)

For internal use

MPLS / Mitrabh Shukla

Why Is It Called a Link State Protocol?

specific link characteristics and state information

For internal use

MPLS / Mitrabh Shukla

Link State Protocol Operation

MPLS / Mitrabh Shukla

Advantages of a Link State Protocol

For internal use

MPLS / Mitrabh Shukla

For internal use

MPLS / Mitrabh Shukla

For internal use

MPLS / Mitrabh Shukla

For internal use

MPLS / Mitrabh Shukla

OSPF Functions and Definitions

For internal use

MPLS / Mitrabh Shukla

Discovering Adjacent Neighbors

Lets exchange information

MPLS / Mitrabh Shukla

For internal use

MPLS / Mitrabh Shukla

Flooding Link State Advertisements

Propagate changes to maintain Link State Database

Flooding can impact

For internal use

Computing the Shortest Path Tree

The optimal path is determined by the

Shortest Path Tree

MPLS / Mitrabh Shukla

When a Link Changes State

Link State Database

For internal use

MPLS / Mitrabh Shukla

Invisible outside the area

Backbone area must be

connect to the backbone

MPLS / Mitrabh Shukla

What Are Virtual Links?

All areas must connect to area 0.0.0.0

MPLS / Mitrabh Shukla

Router Types and Location

Area Border Routers

Backbone Router (BR)

Internal Router (IR)

Autonomous System Boundary Routers

OSPF Routing Protocol Packets

Common Types of Link State Advertisements

For internal use

MPLS / Mitrabh Shukla

Opaque Link State Advertisements (LSAs)

For internal use

MPLS / Mitrabh Shukla

Simplified Example of Different LSAs

ABR Summary (type 3)

Router link (type 1)

Network link (type 2)

ASBR Summary (type 4)

Note: only one example of each LSA type