qarTveluri memkvidreoba (akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo

universitetis qarTveluri dialeqtologiis samecniero-kvleviTi

institutis perioduli samecniero Jurnali) tomi XII, gv., 149-153

rusudan kaSia

qarTl-kaxeTis samefos savaWro urTierToba iranTan

XVIII saukunis II naxevarSi
(savaWro amxanagobebi)

XVIII saukunis II naxevarSi qarTlisa da kaxeTis samefoebis

gaerTianebis Sedegad aRmosavleT saqarTvelo sagrZnoblad gaZlierda.
SesamCnevad gaaqtiurda qveynis ekonomikuri cxovreba.
politikuri TvalsazrisiT aRmosavleT saqarTvelo aRniSnul
periodSi kvlav iranis gavlenis qveS imyofeboda. sagareo vaWrobiT
qarTl-kaxeTi ZiriTadad iranTan an iranis daqvemdebarebaSi myof
amierkavkasiis qalaqebTan iyo dakavSirebuli (m. samsonaZe, 1980, gv. 96).
XVIII s. Sua wlebSi gaixsna ruseTTan savaWro-samimosvlo gza, romelic
,,oseTis", igive ,,darialis" gzis saxeliTaa cnobili. miuxedavad amisa,
aRniSnuli periodis ,,qarTul dokumentebSi aRmosavluri saqoneli
Warbobs, rac imis maCvenebelia, rom saqarTvelos axlo aRmosavleTis
qveynebTan XVIII s. dasasrulamde gacxovelebuli savaWro-ekonomikuri
urTierToba hqonda" (d. kacitaZe, 1973, gv. 55).
qarTl-kaxeTs, amierkavkasiis qalaqebsa da irans Soris intensiuri
savaWro mimosvlis naTel suraTs iZleva sabaJo nusxebi: ,,urumidan rom
jalabman gaiaros Tu ganjisken, Tu erevnisaken..." vkiTxulobT somxiT-
sabaraTianos da yaiyulis baJebis ijaris wignSi (n. berZeniSvili, 1953,
#377).
`qalaqis baJis da cixis karis SarTlama"-Si vkiTxulobT: ,,ra
moqalaqem ganjidam abreSumi moitanos da azrumisaken waiRos, aqlemisa da
cxenisa, Tu jorisa sapalnezed _ 2 minalTuni" (i. doliZe, 1965, gv. 392).
sagareo-savaWro sarbielze wamyvani adgili daikaves axalma ekonomikurma
gaerTianebebma _ savaWro amxanagobebma. XVIII s. ,,amxanagobaTa" SigniT
urTierTobebi Semdegnairad ganawilda:
ZiriTadi Tanxis (sarmia anu Tavni) mflobels saqmeSi ZiriTadi
sabrunavi Tanxa Sehqonda. vaWari (aseT socialur fenas S. mesxia ,,savaWro
agentebs" uwodebs _ S. mesxia, 1959, gv. 139) saqmeSi nakleb Tanxas debda
da uSualod awarmoebda savaWro operacias. dasturad mogvyavs 1797
wliT daTariRebuli ,,saamxanago wigni", sadac vkiTxulobT, rom Tbilisel
vaWars nazarbegiSvil giorgis saqmeSi dabandebuli aqvs 80 Tumani, xolo
saqoneli erevanSi savaWrod gaaqvs giquas, mas saqmeSi Setanili aqvs Tanxis
naxevari _ 40 Tumani (csa, fondi 1450, saqme 48, furceli 42).
gvianfeodalur xanaSi, ,,amxanagobis" ZiriTadi Tanxa xSirad
feodaluri wris im nawils ekuTvnoda, romlebic aqtiurad iyvnen
Cabmulni qveynis fulad-sasaqonlo saqmianobaSi.
 XVIII saukunis II naxevarSi cnobil saqmosans, mdivan manuCar
TumaniSvils mTeli ,,savaWro qseli" eqvemdebareba. xelnawerTa erovnul
centrSi daculia manuCar TumaniSvilisa da misi simamris, imavdroulad
saqmiani partnioris stefan ter-Samovanovis mimowera. istoriuli sabuTebi
iZleva naTel suraTs iransa da amierkavkasiis qalaqebSi savaWro
amxanagobebis saqmianobis Sesaxeb. TumaniSvilis TanxiT wargzavnili
vaWrebis (stefana, SaroanT gaspara, garsevana da a. S.) samoqmedo arealia
qalaqebi: Tavrizi, gilani, erevani, ganja, xoi. SesaZloa Tbilisel vaWrebs
am qalaqebSi TavianTi duqnebic hqondaT gaxsnili. aRniSnuli periodis
gacnobiTa da SeswavliT ikveTeba sayuradRebo sakiTxi: iransa da
amierkavkasiaSi SeZenili saqoneli qarTvel vaWrebs, amxanagobis wevrebs
ruseTSi ,,darialis gziT" gaaqvT. dasturad mogvyavs astraxanidan
gagzavnili stefan aslanovis saqmiani angariSi manuCar mdivnisadmi
(xelnawerTa instituti _ Hd-7316). dokumentidan Cans, rom Tbilisel
amxanagebs xoiSi nayidi bewveuli da CiTi mozdokSi mogebiT gauyidiaT. iq
SeuZeniaT aveji da WurWeli TbilisSi gasayidad. sxva sabuTiT (Hd-7092)
gilanSi SeZenili saqoneli Tbilisel vaWar garsevanas (saTavno Tanxa
manuCar TumaniSvils ekuTvnis) mozdokSi miaqvs.
amdenad, Tbiliseli vaWrebi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobdnen
amierkavkasiasa da ruseTs Soris aReb-micemobis ganviTarebaSi. am mxriv
sayuradRebo masalas gvawvdis 1794 w. dawerili werili manuCar
TumaniSvilisa merab-aRasadmi (merab enoqaSvili): ,,kakala rom
aStraxanidam amdgara baqus wasasvlelad. aStraxanidam... samocdaTormeti
Tumani vali gahyolia da piroba ase miucia, rom baqodam gamogigzavnio...
abela wamovida Tavrizs..."_ vkiTxulobT sabuTSi (d. uCaneiSvili, 1967,
#113). savaWro amxanagobebis saqmianobis Sesaswavlad da qveynis
sagareo-ekonomikuri kavSirebis gasacnobad mniSvnelovan masalas gvawvdis
,,julabaSvilebis davTari". davTris (Semosaval-gasavlis wigni) mixedviT,
goreli vaWrebis _ julabaSvilebis ,,samoqmedo are sakmaod farTo Cans,
isini aReb-micemobas awarmoebdnen iranSi: ispahani, Tavrizi, gilani, maSaTi
(mehmedi), reSTi. mTels kavkasiaSi: Semaxa, darubandi, yizlari, TurqeTSi:
stamboli, ruseTSi _ astraxani. julabaSvilebi xSirad savaWro
operaciebs ,,fsonebTan" da ,,amxanagebTan" erTad atareben. magaliTad, Tu
papuna julabaSvili, erTis mxriv, TavrizSi ,,fsonad" aris xojabegT
daTunasTan, meore mxriv, igi ,,qalaqs" xojabegT daTunasSvil iaralisTan
saqonels gzavnis sarealizaciod. sxva SemTxvevaSi ki TviTon papunas miaqvs
sxvisi (romelime ,,fsonisa" an ,,amxanagis") saqoneli gasasaReblad da a. S."
(d. megrelaZe, 1965, gv. 209).
xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi inaxeba baRdasar da gogia
julabaSvilebis werilebi _ saqmiani angariSebi, miwerili manuCar
mdivnisadmi (Sd _ 850, 3053, 3777, 3770).
davTris mixedviT, qarTveli vaWrebi iranSi ucxoel vaWrebTan an
mewarmeebTan amyarebdnen kavSirs. julabaSvilebis erT-erTi partnioria
iranSi milToni. mkvlevarTa (m. berZniSvili, d. megrelaZe) azriT,
milToni farTleuliT movaWris an fabrikantis gvari iyo. XVIII s.
bolos TbilisSi arsebobda ,,milTonis qarvasla" da iyideboda ,,milTonis
CiTi" (d. megrelaZe, 1965, gv. 209).
rogorc aRvniSneT, julabaSvilebis sagvareulo Semosaval-gasavlis
wigni naTlad miuTiTebs, rom julabaSvilebi gacxovelebul aReb-micemobas
awarmoeben mTel amierkavkasiaSi, iransa da ruseTSi. mogvyavs ramdenime
nawyveti davTridan, papuna julabaSvili wers: ,,tatoanT oTaram amanaTi
gamatana haStarxans... eseni gavyide da gamovel gilans". male papuna isev
gilanSi midis savaWrod, saqmeSi Seamxanagebul nasyidaSvil osefasTan
erTad. momdevno wels igi SemaxiaSi vaWrobs, Tan axlavs amxanagebi _
alaverda da gogina.
amdenad, julabaSvilebis davTari mniSvnelovan cnobebs iZleva iranSi
qarTveli vaWrebisa da savaWro gaerTianebebis _ amxanagobebis saqmianobis
Sesaxeb.
XVIII s. II naxevris savaWro saqmianobis amsaxvel istoriul sabuTebSi
xSirad gvxvdeba Tbiliseli vaWris _ xadakoanT karapetas saxeli.
dokumentis mixedviT, karapetas savaWro-samoqmedo areali moicavs
rogorc iransa da amierkavkasias, aseve TurqeTisa da ruseTis qalaqebs:
mozdoksa da astraxans. metwilad karapeta kompanionebTan _ amxanagebTan
erTad vaWrobs. erT-erTi sabuTiT, karapeta saTavno Tanxas manuCar
TumaniSvilisagan iRebs, q. xoiSi navaWri saqoneli miaqvs mozdokSi, xolo
mozdokSi SeZenili aveji _ ,,gandiduri" isev xoiSi Caaqvs da kargi
mogebiT vaWrobs.
am SemTxvevaSi mogebis wili saTavno TanxasTan erTad ergeba
TumaniSvils. imave sabuTSi vecnobiT stefan aslanovisa da misi amxanagis,
daToas savaWro operaciebis angariSs: maT samasi Tumnis bewveuli da CiTi
gauyidiaT baqoSi. iq SeuZeniaT ,,xuTasi Tumnis zarbabi (abreSumi)"
(xelnawerTa instituti, Hd-3516).
samefos sagareo vaWrobaSi aqtiuradaa Cabmuli isaia yorRanaSvili,
gvarjilis sawarmos mflobeli. isaia-aRasTan Seamxanagebul aruTina
xarebovsa da aslanas erevanSi SeZenili saqoneli miaqvT arzrumSi
(xelnawerTa instituti, Qd - 732).
XVIII s. iranSi savaWrod amxanagobebSi erTiandebian Tbiliseli
moqalaqeebi. saamxanago pirobebis Tanaxmad, maT Tanaswori uflebebi da
valdebulebebi akisriaT. gansxvavdeba saqmeSi Setanili Tanxa. Tavnis
mflobels saqmeSi mxolod Tanxa Seaqvs, meore ,,amxanagi" ki uSualod eweva
savaWro operacias. 1800 wels Sedgenili dokumentiT irkveva, rom
Tbilisis moqalaqe melqoa Seamxanagebia qartaSiSvil aruTinas, am
ukanasknels ekuTvnis ,,saTavno" Tanxa: ,,aruTinasTan amxanagaT viyavi...
gareT aReb-micemaSi erTxel wavel Tavrizs, rac saqoneli movitane...
qalaqis waxdenaSi dagvekarga" _ vkiTxulobT sabuTSi (csa, f. 1450, saqme
25, furc. 49).
qarTvel vaWarTa iranSi saqmianobis gasacnobad yuradRebas ipyrobs
1797 wlis saamxanago wigni, romliTac ustianesSvili nazara uamxanagdeba
or Zmas, avetiqasa da ioanes. ,,rogorc xeiraTi vnaxo, gavyido. Sarbabi
(Txeli, Zvirfasi qsovili _ sp.) Tu vazi (fasdaklebiT _ sp.) abreSumi
viyido... magram iqneba, rom xeldaxel gaiyidos [abreSumi] da makarias
(rusuli bazroba nijni-novgorodSi _ makarievo) mivaswrobde" _
vkiTxulobT sabuTSi (csa, f. 1448 _ 5315). ,,saamxanago wignebi" gvawvdis
cnobebs im saqonlis raobis Sesaxeb, romelic qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi
Semodioda iranidan.
,,TbilisSi xandaxan aris yovelgvari saqonlis SeZenis SesaZlebloba,
es saqoneli iq modis ganjidan, Semaxiidan, Tavrizidan, erevnidan da
arzrumidan... drafi warmoadgens sparseTis saqarTvelos [qarTl-kaxeTi]
erT-erT mTavar saimporto obieqts... maudi, abreSumis materiebi, veneciis
da xois... iyideba agreTve mogebiT" _ vkiTxulobT XVIII saukunis Sua
xanebSi frangi konsulis peisonelis naSromSi (s. kakabaZe, 1940, gv. 117, 118).
avtori miuTiTebs, rom ,,ganjidan da Semaxiidan saqarTveloSi Setanili
iranuli saqoneli xSirad axalcixis gavliT TurqeTSi iyideboda" (s.
kakabaZe, 1940, gv. 121).
istoriuli dokumenturi masalis Sejereba cxadyofs, rom savaWro
amxanagobebis wevr vaWrebs iranidan ZiriTadad SemohqondaT: abreSumi,
bamba, CiTi, qaTani (narma), bewveuli, saRebavebi da a. S. gadioda
metwilad produqti.
amdenad, XVIII saukunis II naxevarSi sagareo vaWrobaSi ZiriTadad
aqtiuroben gaerTianebebi _ savaWro amxanagobebi. aRniSnul periodSi
iranidan da amierkavkasiidan qarTl-kaxeTSi saWiro nedleuli da saqoneli
Semodioda.

damowmebuli literatura

n. berZeniSvili, 1953 - n. berZeniSvili, masalebi saqarTvelos

ekonomikuri istoriisaTvis, II, Tb., 1953.
i. doliZe, 1965 - i. doliZe, qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, II, Tb.,
1965.
s. kakabaZe, 1940 - s. kakabaZe, safrangeTis savaWro kapitali
saqarTvelos mimarT me-18 saukuneSi: quTaisis ped. institutis Sromebi, I,
1940.
r. kaSia, 1990 - r kaSia, savaWro amxanagobebi XVIII s. saqarTveloSi:
macne (istoriis, eTnografiisa da xelovnebis istoriis seria), #2, 1990.
d. kacitaZe, 1973 - d kacitaZe, TurqeT-saqarTvelos savaWro
ekonomikuri urTierTobebi XVII-XVIII ss. qarTuli dokumenturi
wyaroebis mixedviT: macne (filosofiis, fsiqologiis, ekonomikisa da
samarTlis seria), #2, 1973.
d. megrelaZe, 1965 - d. megrelaZe, masalebi saqarTvelos ekonomikuri
istoriisaTvis: masalebi saqarTvelos da kavkasiis istoriisaTvis, nakv. 35,
Tb., 1965. Тб., 1959
m. samsonaZe, 1980 - m. samsonaZe, saqarTvelos social-ekonomikuri
ganviTareba XIX s. pirvel mesamedSi, Tb., 1980.
 d. uCaneiSvili, 1967 - d. uCaneiSvili, dokumentebi saqarTvelos
ekonomikuri istoriisaTvis, Tb., 1967.
xelnawerTa erovnuli centri - Hd - 7092, 7316, 3516; Sd - 850, 3953,
3770, 3777; Qd - 732.
csa - centraluri saistorio arqivi, fondi 1450, saqme 25-49,
furceli 49; fondi 1448 - 531.

RUSUDAN KASHIA

TRADE RELATIONSHIP OF KARTLO-KAKHETI KINGDOM WITH IRAN IN THE

LATE HALF OF THE 18TH CENTURY
(Trade associations)

The Kartlo-Kahketi kingdom of the 18th century had trade relations mainly with
Iran and with towns in the Caucasus that were under Iran’s domination. Newly formed
economic associations – comradeships (guilds) involved in the extensive foreign trade
relations in the second half of 18th century.
The area of activities of those merchants who were related to Manuchar
Tumanishvili, a prominent businessman through the ‘Comradeship’ ties embraced trans-
Caucasian towns as: Tabriz, Guilan, Ganja, Erevan, Khoi etc.
Merchant record book of Julabashvilis,’ traders from Gori, provides considerable
materials for the study of the foreign economic relations of the country.
Merchants associations who would import goods and raw materials from Iran to
Kartli and Kakheti were founded in Tbilisi.
Books of those comradeships give interesting information about trade relationships
in the 18th century. However, after opening the road through Dariali gauge Georgian
merchants brought goods from Iran to Russian towns of Mozdok and Astrakhan