qarTveluri memkvidreoba (akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo

universitetis qarTveluri dialeqtologiis samecniero-kvleviTi

institutis perioduli samecniero Jurnali) tomi XII, gv., 120-124

goderZi vaWriZe

dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio qonebis sekularizacia

rusuli mmarTvelobis mier
(XIX saukunis 70-80-iani wlebi)

XIX saukunis 70-80-ian wlebSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo

qoneba mniSvnelovanad gaizarda xazinis sakuTrebaSi saeklesio mamulebisa
da Semosavlebis gadacemis Sedegad. ruseTis mTavrobam es jer kidev XIX
saukunis 10-ian wlebSi scada qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebasTan
dakavSirebiT. egzarqos Teofilaqte rusanovis iniciativiT, dawyebulma
gardaqmnebma, romelTa erT-erT ZiriTad mizans saeklesio qonebis aRwera
da samarTavad xazinisaTvis gadacema Seadgenda, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi
garegnulad mSvidobiani xasiaTi miiRo, dasavleT saqarTveloSi ki mZlavri
saxalxo ajanyeba gamoiwvia (1819-1820 ww.) (aqtebi, 1874). ajanyeba, marTalia,
sisxlSi CaaxSves, magram mZime saSinao da sagareo viTarebis gamo mTavroba
iZulebuli gaxda amjerad daeTmo da saeklesio qonebis xazinisaTvis
gadacema droebiT gadaevadebina. magram Tavis ganzraxvaze xeli ar auRia.
saeklesio qoneba aRweres 1811 wels (n. maxaraZe, 1942; qsca, f. 21, aRw. 1, gv.
418-421), romlis monacemebi 1825 wels axali kameraluri aRweriT Seamowmes
(qsca, f. 2, aRw. 1, saq. 1455, fur. 28).
1852 w. 5 noembers gamoqveynda imperatoris brZanebuleba _
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio qonebis samarTavad xazinisaTvis
gadacemis Sesaxeb (s. esaZe, gv. 180), xolo 1869 w. 13 noembris kanoniT igi
xazinis sakuTrebad gamocxadda da saxelmwifo qonebis SemadgenlobaSi
Cairicxa (iqve, gv. 84).
1852 w. 5 noembris debuleba imereTsa da guriazec unda
gavrcelebuliyo, magram dasavleT saqarTveloSi saeklesio qonebis
aRricxvis saqme imdenad mouwesrigebeli iyo, rom praqtikulad amis
ganxorcieleba SeuZlebeli gaxda. amitom daavala imperatorma 1857 w. 24
oqtombers umaRlesad damtkicebul specialur droebiT komisias (1858-1862
ww.), romelsac quTaisis guberniis saxelmwifo qoneba unda aRericxa,
muSaoba saeklesio mamulebisa da Semosavlebis aRweriT daewyo (qcsa, f.
18, aRw. 1, saq. 2571, fur. 134). quTaisis general-gebernatori, Tavadi g.
erisTavi 1860 w. 30 ianvars kavkasiis mefisnacvlis mTavari sammarTvelos
ufrosisadmi gagzavnil mimarTvaSi aRniSnavda: saeklesio qoneba gacilebiT
ufro metia, vidre saxelmwifo, amitom misi aRwera- mimoxilva xangrZliv
drosa da did Sromas moiTxovso. gubernatori ayenebda komisiis muSaobis
vadis gagrZelebis sakiTxs (qcsa, f. 45, aRw. 1, saq. 1, fur. 122-123, 173).
 garda amisa, seriozuli uTanxmoeba warmoiSva saeklesio da
samoqalaqo uwyebebs Soris saeklesio glexebis (imJamad arsebuli
raodenobis mixedviT) naturaluris nacvlad gadidebuli fuladi
gadasaxadiT dabegvris sakiTxze. saeklesio uwyeba, amasTan erTad,
moiTxovda saeklesio aznaurebze gavrcelebuliyo 1864 w. 21 maiss
umaRlesad damtkicebuli debuleba imereTisa da guriis Tavadebis
aznaurebisagan qonebrivi gamijvnis Sesaxeb (qim, 6417/6718, fur. 1-9; qcsa, f.
45, aRw. 1, saq. 2462, fur. 71-72), imgvarad, rom Semosavlebi saeklesio
aznaurebis im mamulebidan, romlebic eklesias miekuTvneboda, mTlianad
mis gankargulebaSi darCeniliyo.
amasTan dakavSirebiT, mefisnacvalma quTaisis general-gubernators,
Tavad dim. sviatopolk-mirskis 1866 w. aprilSi daavala _ samoqalaqo
gubernatoris TavmjdomareobiT specialuri komisia Seeqmna. masSi Sevidnen:
mefisnacvlis mTavarsammarTvelos saxelmwifo qonebis departamentis,
sagubernio da saeklesio uwyebebis warmomadgenlebi (qsca, f. 45, aRw. 1,
saq. 10, fur. 57-58; scsa, f. 240, aRw. 1, saq. 601, fur. 76, 85, 99).
komisiis muSaobis Sedegad didZali masala dagrovda, romelic
ganzogadebuli saxiT warmodgenilia kavkasiis komitetis Tavmjdomarisadmi
kavkasiis mefisnacvlis, mixeil nikolozis Zis mier 1871 wlis 31 ianvars
gagzavnil mimarTvaSi. masSi naCvenebia imereTisa da guriis saeklesio
qonebis mdgomareobis suraTi da Camoyalibebulia misi xazinisaTvis
sakuTrebaSi gadacemis ZiriTadi safuZvlebi (qcsa, f. 18, aRw. 1, saq. 3063,
fur. 340-342).
dasaxelebuli sabuTis mixedviT, XIX s. 70-iani wlebis dasawyisisaTvis
imereTisa da guriis eklesiebis mamulebi Sedgeboda dasaxlebuli da
dausaxlebeli miwebisagan, romlebic or nawilad iyo gayofili: eklesiis
uSualo sakuTrebaSi da memamuleebTan saerTo mflobelobaSi myof
miwebad.
imereTis eklesiis dausaxlebeli mamulebi _ saRalo miwebi da
sxva Semosavlebi _ 2699 e. w. saRalo muxls Seadgenda. guriis eparqias,
1865 wlis aRweriT, 639 komli glexi hyavda, maTgan 40 komls saeklesio
miwa ar hqonda. glexTa mflobelobaSi iyo 300 desetina miwa, 56 desetina
tye, 1704 _ baRi da venaxi (sabuTSi farTobi miTiTebuli araa.).
saeklesio uwyebas rCeboda mis sakuTrebaSi myofi yvela 104 saRalo muxli
(m. kelenjeriZe, 1906, gv. 326-327).
saeklesio qonebis saerTo Rirebulebis gansazRvrisas angariSSi ar
SeutaniaT tyeebi, agreTve is Semosavlebi, romlebsac eklesia
droebiTvaldebul da saeklesio aznaurTa glexebisagan iRebda. amasTan
erTad, xazgasmiT aRiniSna _ eklesia samudamod kargavda sakuTrebis
uflebas Tavis qonebaze da igi saxelmwifos gankargulebaSi gadadioda.
saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodis kantoris azriT, imereTisa da guriis
eparqiaTa qonebis es Sefaseba, marTalia, Zalze zomieri da eklesiisaTvis
araxelsayrelic ki iyo, magram igi am Tanxas yovelwliurad mSvidad,
saeklesio glexebisagan gadasaxadebis akrebasTan dakavSirebuli
garTulebebis gareSe miiRebda.
 imperatorma aleqsandre meorem brZanebulebas imereTisa da guriis
saeklesio qonebis xazinis sakuTrebaSi gadacemis Sesaxeb xeli moawera 1871
w. 4 agvistos.
dokumentis mixedviT, imereTisa da guriis saeklesio qoneba xazinas
gadaecemoda sakuTrebaSi, xolo saeklesio uwyebas, xazinaSi gadasacemi
yvela mamulis Rirebulebis asanazRaureblad, maTgan Semosavlebis
Sefasebis Sesabamisad, xazinidan daeniSneboda yovelwliurad, ucvlelad
da samudamod 30.000 maneTi.
1871 w. 4 agvistos brZanebulebis gamoqveynebis Semdeg, kavkasiis
samxareo administracia Cqarobda, rac SeiZleba mokle vadebSi da srulad
Caebarebina saeklesio qoneba. Tavis mxriv, saeklesio uwyebis
warmomadgenlebi cdilobdnen es procesi yovelmxriv gaexangrZlivebinaT.
saeklesio qonebis xazinisaTvis gadacemis procesSi warmoiSva,
erTi mxriv, eklesiisaTvis Sewiruli mamulebisa da glexebis ukan
dabrunebis da, meore mxriv, saeklesio miwebis miTvisebis (ramac miwebis
gamijvnis dros farTo xasiaTi miiRo) tendencia. davam kacxis monastersa
da saeklesio glexebs Soris farTo gamoxmaureba hpova presaSi. kacxis
monastrisadmi Sewiruli glexebis mxardasaWerad n. nikolaZem 1873 w. 16
noembris gazeT `droebaSi" (#45, gv. 1-2) vrceli werili gamoaqveyna. am
sakiTxs saqarTvelos presaSi kidev ramdenime soliduri statia mieZRvna (i.
anTelava, 1962, gv. 158-160).
saeklesio mamulebisa da Semosavlebis xazinisaTvis gadacema imereTsa
da guriaSi jer kidev damTavrebuli ar iyo, rom samegrelos eparqiis
qonebis sakiTxi dadga.
samegrelos eparqias mamulebi hqonda zugdidis, senakisa da leCxumis
mazrebSi. 1858-1859 wlebSi samegrelos droebiTi mmarTvelobis sabWos
wevris, Tavad abaSiZis xelmZRvanelobiT da saeklesio uwyebis ori
deputatis monawileobiT es mamulebi aRweres (qcsa, f. 18, aRw. 1, saq. 1510,
fur. 70) da Semosavlebic gamoiangariSes, rac, komisiis monacemebiT,
wliurad 13.548 maneTs Seadgenda (s. esaZe, 196). 1861 wels Tavad a.
bariatinskis gankargulebiT, samegrelos saeklesio mamulebis mzrunvelis
Tanamdeboba daarsda (Попечитель над церковными имениями в Мингрелии).
(ix.: quTaisis centraluri saxelmwifo arqivSi daculi samegrelos
saeklesio mamulebis mzrunvelis fondi (#187), romelic saintereso
masalebs Seicavs XIX saukunis meore naxevris dasavleT saqarTveloSi
agrarul urTierTobaTa istoriis Sesaswavlad.).
1869 wels quTaisis gubernatori da saxelmwifo qonebis sagubernio
sammarTvelo samegrelos saeklesio mamulebis mzrunvelisagan moiTxovdnen
sainventaro aRweris masalebis warmodgenas, radgan ganixileboda am
mamulebis xazinisaTvis gadacemis saqme (qcsa, f. 187, aRw. 1, saq. 146, 159,
171).
samegrelos eparqiis qonebis xazinisaTvis gadacemis sakiTxi
mefisnacvlis centralur dawesebulebebSi 1873 wlidan ganixileboda. 1878
wels mefisnacvlis sabWom moismina moxseneba samegrelos saeklesio
mamulebis xazinisaTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb (scsa, f. 241, aRw. 1, saq. 932).
saeklesio da samoqalaqo uwyebebi SeTanxmdnen. 1880 wlis 22 maiss
imperatorma xeli moawera brZanebulebas, romlis mixedviT samegrelos
eparqiis qoneba xazinas gadaecemoda imave wesiT, rogorc aRmosavleT
saqarTveloSi, imereTsa da guriaSi _ saeklesio uwyebas xazinaSi
gadacemuli qonebis asanazRaureblad yovelwliurad da ucvlelad
miecemoda 20.000 maneTi. saarqiero saxlis, monastrebisa da eklesiebis
sakuTrebaSi rCeboda specialur or siaSi Setanili saRalo miwebi da 432
e. w. saRalo muxli.
brZanebulebis gamoqveynebis Semdeg, samegrelos saeklesio mamulebis
mzrunvelis Tanamdeboba gauqmda, saeklesio qoneba gadaeca saxelmwifo
qonebis quTaisis sagubernio sammarTvelos (scsa, f. 241, aRw. 1, saq. 1190;
qcsa, f. 130, aRw. 1, saq. 157, fur. 1; qcsa, f. 18, aRw. 1, saq. 3037, fur. 6-
20, 21).
rusuli mTavrobis mier ganxorcielebuli RonisZiebebi qarTuli
eklesiis marto ekonomikuri gaZarcva rodi iyo. igi miznad isaxavda,
agreTve, eklesia ekonomikurad saxelmwifoze damokidebuli gaexada da misi
koloniuri politikis samsaxurSi Caeyenebina. mTavrobis varaudi ar
gamarTlda. qarTuli eklesia erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis erT-
erT ZiriTad Zalad gadaiqca.

damowmebuli literatura

1. i. anTelava, 1962 - И. Антелава, Госадарственные крестьяне Грузии

в XIX в., т. II, Тб., 1962
2. aqtebi, 1874 - Акты, собранные Кавказской археографической
комиссией, Издание Архива Главного Управление Наместника Кавказа, под
ред. А. П. Берже, т. VI, ч. I, Тиф., 1874
3. s. esaZe - Эсадзе С., Историческая записка об управлении Кавказом,
т. II
4. m. kelenjeriZe, 1906 - Келенджеридзе М., Правда об автокефалии
Грузинской церкви (Ответ г. Самуилову и К), Кут., 1906
5. n. maxaraZe, 1942 - Махарадзе Н, Восстание в Имеретии 1819-1820
гг., mski, 1942, nakv. I, Tb. 1942
scsa - saqarTvelos centraluri saxelmwifo arqivi.
qim - quTaisis istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumi; kirile
lorTqifaniZis sabanko arqivi; gelaTis monastris fondi 6466/374.
qcsa - quTaisis centraluri saxelmwifo arqivi.

GODERDZI VACRIDZE

SECULARIZATION OF THE CHURCH PROOERTY OF WESTERN GEORGIA

BY THE RUSSIAN RULE (1870s-80s)
 In the 1870s-80s, the state property in Western Georgia significantly grew as a
result of the transference of church estates and incomes to the treasury. Back in the
1810s, the Russian government attempted to do it, but the government had to postpone
these activities. At last, by the law of November 13, 1869, it was declared the property of
the treasury, and was incuded into the state property.
The 1852 Decree should have also embraced Imereti and Guria, but, in Western
Georgia, the registration of the church property was not completed, and, hence, its
realization was practically impossible. Therefore, the Emperor ordered an ad hoc
commission (1858-1862), aimed at registrating of the state property in Kutaisi Province,
to start with the registration of church estates and incomes.
The Decree concerning the transference of the church property of Imereti; and
Guria to the treasury was signed by Emperor Alexander II on August 4, 1871. As for the
property of Samegrelo Diocese, it was transferred to the trasury by the Decree of May
21, 1880.
With these activities, the Russian government aimed at making the Georgian
Church economically dependent upon the state, and at including it in the confines of its
collonial policy.