Anticipation Guide: Learning About Second-Language Acquisition

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OTHER NOTES

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Grammar-Translation Methodology

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Origins:

The grammar-translation method

emphasizes student-centered learning.

Important principles:
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Example:

Agree/Disag
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Structural Linguistics

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Origins:
Important principles:

Understanding of structural linguistics

requires knowledge of linguistic terminology,
such as phoneme and morpheme.

Proponents:
Example:

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Behaviorism

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Mastery learning applies rote learning to a set of

grammatical rules to learn the structures of a
second language, with all students learning the
same thing at the same time.

Origins:
Important principles:
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Example:

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Cognitivism: Indirect Strategies

Communication is a language-use strategy that
seeks convey meaning, even when the correct
language form is not available.

Agree/Disag
ree

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Important principles:
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Example:

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Cognitivism: Direct Strategies: CALLA

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Agree/Disag
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Cooperative learning, problem solving strategies

and anxiety reducing strategies are components
of the Cognitive Academic Language Learning
Approach.

OTHER NOTES

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Important principles:
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Example:

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Cognitivism: Direct Strategies: Schema

Building

Agree/Disag
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Origins:
Important principles:

Building background knowledge is important in

helping students to construct new schemata.

Proponents:
Example:

Agree/Disag
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Cognitivism: Direct Strategies: Scaffolding

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Scaffolding means applying a consistently high

level of academic support to students, regardless
of their skill level.

Origins:
Important principles:
Proponents:
Example:

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Information Processing Theories of

Learning

Agree/Disag
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Origins:
Important principles:

Short term memory retains patterns of images or

sounds for about 20 seconds, unless it is kept
activated.

Proponents:
Example:

Agree/Disag
ree

Brain Compatible Learning

Brain compatible learning acknowledges the role
of non-verbal input in second language
acquisition.

Agree/Disag
ree

Origins:
Important principles:
Proponents:
Example:

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Krashens Monitor Model

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Krashens monitor hypothesis is very useful in

rapid, spontaneous conversation.

OTHER NOTES

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Cummins Theory of Bilingualism and

Cognition

Agree/Disag
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Origins:
Important principles:

Cummins would argue that people who already

know multiple languages would easily learn an
additional language.

Proponents:
Example:

Agree/Disag
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Neurolinguistic Research

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Neurolinguists theorize that there is a consistent

organizational structure to the human brain,
therefore, all human brains are very much alike.

Origins:
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Example:

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Constructivism

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Students in constructivist learning environments

are very dependent on the teacher to direct the
learning process.

Origins:
Important principles:
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Example:

Agree/Disag
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Communicative Competence
Sociolinguistic competence refers to using
appropriate language forms in appropriate
situations.

Agree/Disag
ree

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Important principles:
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Example:
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Social Learning

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A social learning environment encourages and

honors the use of a students primary language
(L1).

OTHER NOTES

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Discourse Theory

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The second language learners competence in

their primary language (L1) is an important part
of the quality of their communication in the
second language (L2).

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Example:

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Semiotics
Semiotics emphasizes the importance of text
symbols, but not other types of visual input such
as photos.

Agree/Disag
ree

Origins:
Important principles:
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Example: