One of the advantages of having a river and a multitude of streams inside of the

Hang Son Doong cave is that this plentiful supply of water can be collected from
the caves water sources and no costly or time consuming procedures of setting
up rain tanks or importing water from surrounding areas have to be undertaken.
However, this blessing does not come without disadvantages. The water sources
might have to be diverted away from animal habitats and plants which need this
water to survive so the process of collecting water can be easier and potentially
less hazardous. Also, if the enough water is collected beyond a certain level than
the plentiful water supply will decrease, leaving the wet, moist cave to the
possibility of a drought. While it might not seem that such a large supply of water
can be diminished quickly, the hotel will need to circulate massive amounts of
water for supplying to guests and staff, cooking, plumbing, et cetera. These
problems might not be easily fixable when encountered, so it is important that
our company understands the water systems of the cave. Therefore, a solution to
the negative impacts of utilizing water sources from the cave is to undergo an
investigation of the water systems before collecting water from the cave and
gathering data on the topic.

Thoroughly investigating the paths of water systems used and collecting

data on water movements and flora and fauna which require this water.
o PSO Large amount of data provides customers with the comforting
fact that our company is environmentally aware and precautious.
o PSO Customers will trust that our attractions and hotel are
environmentally stable.
o NSO If investigating the movements of water systems inside of the
cave is time consuming then potential customers will have to wait,
resulting in the decrease in the positive social outlook of the
company if customers become inpatient or fed up of the
inconvenience of the investigation.
o NSO Customers might want to view results of investigation before
visiting the tour and may not be happy about the experience if it
turns out that it will be hard to preserve the water supply and keep
the ecosystem at an equilibrium.
o PEV Knowledge of water flow can be used to avoid negatively
impacting the cave environment and the flora and fauna inside of it.
o PEV Collected data of water flows raises company awareness of
cave environment so attractions and hotel can be more
environmentally friendly.
o PEC If the process of collecting water from inside the cave is
certified as an environmentally stable procedure, no costly or timeconsuming processes such as setting up water tanks to collect
water have to be undertaken.
o PEC Water does not need to be imported from outside of the cave,
which is a costly and time-consuming procedure.
o NEC If investigation results show that it would be very costly or
impossible to maintain the state of equilibrium in the ecosystem of
the cave then the money, time and efforts put into the investigation
would be worthless.
o NEC If investigation results are not up to standard than customers
will not want to visit the tour, as we will not gain profit from tourists
who are disinterested in the tour.

o
o

o
o

NEC Process of collecting information could be incredibly time

consuming.
NEC If process of investigation is time consuming, potential
customers can be left waiting to arrive at the experience,
decreasing the amount of profit that could have been collected if
the tours were running and not currently in the middle of an
investigation.
NEC Equipment required in order to complete the task could be
very costly.
NEC If equipment breaks down inside of the cave during
investigation process it would take a few days to repurchase new
equipment. If this scenario occurs, a lot of precious time will have
been wasted.

To create space for the large attractions and hotel inside of the cave, sections of
the cave wall can be removed in an excavation. However, this process can
destroy animal habitats and tree roots, and can dislodge fragile cave segments,
rocks and soil, factors which negatively impact the social value of the company
and cave environment, and the excavation can be very costly due to the
expensive machinery and equipment. This process also requires a lot of effort
and is very time consuming. A simple solution to avoiding these negative
impacts is to avoid setting up a cave excavation and try and make do with the
space that the cave already provides. Fortunately, being the largest cave in the
entire planet, the Hang Son Doong has many wide and spacious caverns that can
be utilized to hold the attractions and hotel needed to complete the experience,
and attractions can be spread a large distance inside of the cave to avoid the
attractions being cramped into a single space:

PSO Large caverns provide excellent views of the cave environment

without evidence of cave excavation making the view uglier and less like
the pristine environment supposedly unaffected by human development.
PSO Customers will be happy if they know that the cave environment
was not massively negatively impacted by a cave excavation that could
have happened.
PSO If attractions are spread over greater distances in order to
compensate with a lack of available space, the travel time to each
attraction will increase and customers will be able to enjoy the amazing
environment of the cave for longer than they would have done if an
excavation had been carried out.
NSO If space is too small and cramped customers will be unhappy and
dissatisfied by the lack of space.
NSO If smaller attractions have to be constructed in order to fit in this
space provided by the cave caverns, the attractions will likely become less
engaging and exciting, generating disappointment from guests and
lowering the social outlook of the company.
NSO If attractions are spread over greater distances in order to
compensate with a lack of available space, the travel time to each
attraction will increase and guests will be dissatisfied by the large
amounts of time wasted on transportation.
NSO The use of vehicles to transport guests from the hotel to the
attractions over a long distance could release poisonous fumes and fluids

from petrol and other substances into the air and water sources of the air,
making the cave incredibly more toxic and making it uncomfortable for
guests to stay.
PEV Native organisms such as animals, plants and the roots of trees from
the jungle on the surface will not be affected if an excavation does not
take place.
PEV Air flows could have been affected by an excavation, which would
have resulted in a lack of essential gases such as oxygen being supplied to
the cave and to the organisms inside of it.
NEV Animal movements and air flows could be interrupted if blocked by
attractions and hotel set up in a small and cramped area of the cave.
NEV Attractions being spread out over a large distance will negatively
affect animal habitats and plants, and dislodge cave sediment and rocks
over a larger area, and the increasing need for transportation vehicles will
contribute greatly to the negative environmental impact as plants, animal
habitats and cave sediment will be crushed and dislodged beneath the
wheels.
NEV Due to the increase of vehicles, toxic fluids such as petrol and the
noxious fumes that it creates could spill into water sources and pollute the
water, and could also pollute the air in the cave and make it toxic for the
animals and plants which thrive in the cave.
PEC The excavation would be very time consuming costly due to the use
of expensive machinery, so not engaging in a removal of segments of the
cave wall will save time and money.
NEC If attractions do not fit inside of the cave or are too cramped or
squashed in to the point where they are hazardous and potentially faulty,
then new, smaller attractions will have to be ordered, a process which will
waste a lot of money and time.
NEC Attractions being spread out over a large distance will increase the
need for transportation vehicles and ultimately increasing the need for
vehicle maintenance and increasing the cost of vehicle repairs and fluids
such as petrol.

PROPOSAL FOR ACTION

SOLUTIONS

POSITIVE
CONSEQUENCES

NEGATIVE
CONSEQUENCES

PREDICTED OUTCO

One of the advantages of having a river and a multitude of streams inside of the Hang Son Doong cave is t
collected from the caves water sources and no costly or time consuming procedures of setting up rain tan
areas have to be undertaken. However, this blessing does not come without disadvantages. The water s
from animal habitats and plants which need this water to survive so the process of collecting water can b
Also, if the enough water is collected beyond a certain level than the plentiful water supply will decrea
possibility of a drought. While it might not seem that such a large supply of water can be diminished
massive amounts of water for supplying to guests and staff, cooking, plumbing, et cetera. These prob
encountered, so it is important that our company understands the water systems of the cave. Therefore
utilizing water sources from the cave is to undergo an investigation of the water systems before collect
data on the topic.

SOLUTION:
Thoroughly
investigating the
paths of water
systems used and
collecting data on
water movements
and flora and fauna
which require this
water.

SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES

Large amount of data

provides customers
with the comforting
fact that our
company is
environmentally
aware and
precautious.

Customers will trust

that our attractions
and hotel are
environmentally
stable.

OUTCOME:

If investigating the
movements of water
systems inside of the
cave is time
consuming then
potential customers
will have to wait,
resulting in the
decrease in the
positive social outlook
of the company if
customers become
inpatient or fed up of
the inconvenience of
the investigation.

Customers might
want to view results
of investigation
before visiting the
tour and may not be
happy about the
experience if it turns
out that it will be hard
to preserve the water
supply and keep the
ecosystem at an
equilibrium.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

Knowledge of water
flow can be used to
avoid negatively
impacting the cave
environment and the
flora and fauna inside
of it.

Collected data of
water flows raises
company awareness
of cave environment
so attractions and
hotel can be more
environmentally
friendly.

ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES

If the process of

If investigation results

The process of investig

and time, and may not
is worth it to improve o
environment and ecosy
impacted by the collect
the cave.

collecting water from

inside the cave is
certified as an
environmentally
stable procedure, no
costly or timeconsuming processes
such as setting up
water tanks to collect
water have to be
undertaken.

show that it would be

very costly or
impossible to
maintain the state of
equilibrium in the
ecosystem of the
cave then the money,
time and efforts put
into the investigation
would be worthless.

If investigation results
are not up to standard
than customers will
not want to visit the
tour, as we will not
gain profit from
tourists who are
disinterested in the
tour.

Process of collecting
information could be
incredibly time
consuming.

If process of
investigation is time
consuming, potential
customers can be left
waiting to arrive at
the experience,
decreasing the
amount of profit that
could have been
collected if the tours
were running and not
currently in the
middle of an
investigation.

Equipment required in
order to complete the
task could be very
costly.

If equipment breaks
down inside of the
cave during
investigation process

Water does not need

to be imported from
outside of the cave,
which is a costly and
time-consuming
procedure.

it would take a few

days to repurchase
new equipment. If this
scenario occurs, a lot
of precious time will
have been wasted.

To create space for the large attractions and hotel inside of the cave, sections of the cave wall can be re
process can destroy animal habitats and tree roots, and can dislodge fragile cave segments, rocks and s
social value of the company and cave environment, and the excavation can be very costly due to the exp
process also requires a lot of effort and is very time consuming. A simple solution to avoiding these negati
excavation and try and make do with the space that the cave already provides. Fortunately, being the lar
Son Doong has many wide and spacious caverns that can be utilized to hold the attractions and hotel n
attractions can be spread a large distance inside of the cave to avoid the attractions being cramped into a

SOLUTION:
Avoiding
undertaking an
excavation
procedure inside of
the cave designed
to create space for
tour hotel and
attractions.

SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES

PSO Large caverns

provide excellent
views of the cave
environment without
evidence of cave
excavation making
the view uglier and
less like the pristine
environment
supposedly
unaffected by human
development.

PSO Customers will

be happy if they
know that the cave
environment was not
massively negatively
impacted by a cave
excavation that could
have happened.

PSO If attractions
are spread over
greater distances in
order to compensate
with a lack of
available space, the
travel time to each
attraction will
increase and
customers will be

OUTCOME:

NSO If space is too

small and cramped
customers will be
unhappy and
dissatisfied by the
lack of space.

NSO If smaller
attractions have to be
constructed in order
to fit in this space
provided by the cave
caverns, the
attractions will likely
become less engaging
and exciting,
generating
disappointment from
guests and lowering
the social outlook of
the company.

NSO If attractions
are spread over
greater distances in
order to compensate
with a lack of
available space, the
travel time to each
attraction will
increase and guests
will be dissatisfied by
the large amounts of

Although
their lack of space in th
sleep easy knowing tha
no cave sediment was

able to enjoy the

amazing environment
of the cave for longer
than they would have
done if an excavation
had been carried out.

time wasted on
transportation.

NSO The use of

vehicles to transport
guests from the hotel
to the attractions over
a long distance could
release poisonous
fumes and fluids from
petrol and other
substances into the
air and water sources
of the air, making the
cave incredibly more
toxic and making it
uncomfortable for
guests to stay.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

PEV Native
organisms such as
animals, plants and
the roots of trees
from the jungle on
the surface will not
be affected if an
excavation does not
take place.
PEV Air flows could
have been affected
by an excavation,
which would have
resulted in a lack of
essential gases such
as oxygen being
supplied to the cave
and to the organisms
inside of it.

NEV Animal
movements and air
flows could be
interrupted if blocked
by attractions and
hotel set up in a small
and cramped area of
the cave.

NEV Attractions
being spread out over
a large distance will
negatively affect
animal habitats and
plants, and dislodge
cave sediment and
rocks over a larger
area, and the
increasing need for
transportation
vehicles will
contribute greatly to
the negative
environmental impact
as plants, animal
habitats and cave
sediment will be
crushed and
dislodged beneath the
wheels.

NEV Due to the

increase of vehicles,
toxic fluids such as
petrol and the noxious
fumes that it creates
could spill into water
sources and pollute
the water, and could
also pollute the air in
the cave and make it
toxic for the animals
and plants which
thrive in the cave.

ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES

The excavation would

be very time
consuming costly due
to the use of
expensive machinery,
so not engaging in a
removal of segments
of the cave wall will
save time and money.

NEC If attractions do
not fit inside of the
cave or are too
cramped or squashed
in to the point where
they are hazardous
and potentially faulty,
then new, smaller
attractions will have
to be ordered, a
process which will
waste a lot of money
and time.

NEC Attractions
being spread out over
a large distance will
increase the need for
transportation
vehicles and
ultimately increasing
the need for vehicle
maintenance and
increasing the cost of
vehicle repairs and
fluids such as petrol.

To travel to the Hang Son Doong cave, visitors are transported via utes, which are a safe and simpl
customers to be safely driven over harsh landscape and rough terrain, and through thick jungle and u
require constant servicing and refuelling to ensure that no accidents occur in the middle of nowhere, bo
toxic fumes into the air, polluting the jungle atmosphere, loosen the soil beneath their wheels, allowing t
systems as sediment, an issue that has heavily impacted large rivers such as the Amazon, and brutally t
Despite the positives of using utes, other modes of transport are always an option, including helicopt

visitors to the cave site without affecting the jungle environment.

SOLUTION:
Using a helicopter
as a mode of travel
to get to and from
the tours and a
way to avoid
negatively
impacting the
jungle
environment.

SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES

A helicopter ride
would be more suited
to the adventure
theme of the tour.

Using a helicopter
provides a pleasing
and spectacular view
of the Phong Nha Ke
Bhang national park,
sure to impress
customers.

OUTCOME:

Whilst a
provides scenic views a
environment compared
and would have to be c

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

No undergrowth is
trampled beneath the
helicopter (except
maybe during
landings).

The amount of
pollution in the jungle
atmosphere from a
helicopter compared
to a ute is far better
and more
environmentally
efficient.

The strong winds

generated from
helicopter blades
could disrupt cloud
formations and could
dislodge soil on the
ground and allow it to
blow into rivers and
build up as sediment.

Due to the thickness

of the jungle
surrounding Hang Son
Doong cave, the
helicopter will have to
be cleared a landing
pad, causing a wide
section of the jungle
to be cut off,
destroying
undergrowth, trees
and animal habitats.

ECONMICAL CONSEQUENCES

The helicopter ride

could be advertised
as a highlight of the
experience, making
the trip more
appealing and more
persuasive to
potential customers.

The price of
purchasing a single
helicopter or more
would be very
expensive, not to
mention the costs of
maintaining,
servicing, fixing,
refuelling and
cleaning the
helicopter.

If a helicopter breaks
down then a lot more
money will have to
spend on buying new
helicopters.

Due to the limited

amount of space in a
helicopter, a lot of
time will be wasted on
shuttling visitors to
and from the tour.