OPERATION OF RADAR

RADIO DETECTION AND

RANGING
B A S I C D E S I G N O F A
RADAR SYSTEM
P U L S E D O P P L E R
RADAR
D O P P L E R E F F E C T

BASIC DESIGN OF A RADAR SYSTEM

FIGURES
TRANSMITTER
TRANSMITTER PRODUCES THE SHORT DURATION
HIGH POWER RF
PULSES OF ENERGY THAT ARE INTO SPACE BY
THE ANTENNA.

DUPLEXER
DUPLEXER ALTERNATELY SWITCHES THE ANTENNA
BET. THE TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER SO THAT
ONLY ONE ANTENNA IS TO BE USED.

RECEIVER

IT AMPLIFY AND
DEMODULATE THE
RECEIVED RF-SIGNALS.

INDICATOR
IT PRESENT TO THE
OBSERVER A CONTINUOUS
, EASILY UNDERSTAND,
GRAPHIC PICTURE OF THE
RELATIVE POSITION OF
RADAR TARGETS.

RADAR ANTENNA
IT TRANSFERS THE ENERGY
TO SIGNALS IN SPACE WITH
THE REQUIRED
DISTRIBUTION AND
EFFICIENCY.

PULSE DOPPLER RADAR

WHAT IS A PULSE DOPPLER?
-PULSE DOPPLER IS BASED ON DOPPLER
PHENOMENON.

DOPPLER EFFECT
-DOPPLER EFFECT IS THE CHANGE IN
FREQUENCY OF A WAVE CAUSED BY
RELATIVE MOTION BETWEEN THE
SOURCE OF THE WAVE AND THE
OBSERVER.

DOPPLER RADAR MAKES USE OF DOPPLER

EFFECT TO PRODUCE VELOCITY DATA
ABOUT THE OBJECT AT A DISTANT.
IT DOES THIS BY BEAMING A MICROWAVE
SYSTEM SIGNAL TOWARDS A DESIRED
TARGET AND LISTENING ITS REFLECTION
AND THEN ANALYZING HOW THE
FREQUENCY OF THE RETURNED SIGNAL
HAS BEEN ALTERED BY THE OBJECTS
MOTION.

OPERATION OF A DOPPLER RADAR

PULSE DOPPLER SIGNAL PROCESSING
FIRST. ENVIRONMENT
Firstly the antenna transmit the dozens
of pulses. Energy from each transmit
pulse propagates in space until some
of them bounce back by the reflector.

THREE TYPES OF TRANSMITTERS USED

COMMONLY IN WEATHER RADARS:

APPLICATIONS OF A DOPPLER EFFECT

CONTINUOUS WAVE RADAR

A T Y P E O F RA D A R S Y S T E M W H E R E A K N O W N S TA B L E
F R E Q U E N C Y C O N T I N O U S WAV E RA D I O E N E R GY I S
TRA NSMITTE D AND T HE N RE CE IVE D FROM ANY
REFLECTING OBJECTS.
C O N T I N U O U S -WAV E ( C W ) RA D A R U S E S D O P P L E R ,
WH ICH RE NDE RS T HE RA DA R IMMU NE T O
I N T E R F E R E N C E F R O M L A R G E S TAT I O N A RY O B J E C T S
AN D SLOW MOV I NG C LU TT E R.

DOPPLER FREQUENCY SHIFTS

CONTINUOUS WAVE
RADAR COMPONENTS
Transmitter

Antenna

CW
RF
Oscillator

Discriminator

AMP

OUT

IN

Mixer

Antenna
Indicator

K
M
C A
O
R
L
G
B IA
D

RADAR WAVE MODULATION

A M P L I T U D E M O D U L ATI O N
Vary the amplitude of the carrier sine wave
F R E Q U E N C Y M O D U L ATI O N
Vary the frequency of the carrier sine wave
P U L S E - A M P L I T U D E M O D U L ATI O N
Vary the amplitude of the pulses
P U L S E - F R E Q U E N C Y M O D U L ATI O N
Vary the Frequency at which the pulses occur