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-dlGqkl/ifb\, cfly{s tyf k"jf{wf/ ;ldltsf] ldlt @)&@.^.!# sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ :jLs[t_
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c;f]h, @)&@
ljifo-;"rL
1.
k|f/lDes .......................................................................................... 1
2.
kfl/eflifs zAbx?............................................................................... 1
3.
s]GLo ;x/L of]hgf tyf ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08 ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f ;ldlt .... 3
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
ejg lgdf{0f ;DaGwL gd"gf dfkb08sf cfwf/df lgdf{0f cg'dlt lbg' kg]{ ........... 6
11.
12.
;fj{hlgs hldg / ;8ssf] ;Ldf 36\g] u/L xfn;fljs ug{ aGb]h ................ 6
!#=
14.
15.
16.
ljljw............................................................................................14
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ii
v'Nnf If]q -Open Space_M eGgfn] a:tL ljsf; If]qdf hldg leq cTofjZos ;fj{hlgs k"jf{wf/ ;]jf
lj:tf/ ug{ jfx]s s'g} ef}lts ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug{ lgMz]w ul/Psf] If]qnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
6fFl;Psf] ejg (Attached Building_M eGgfn] hUufsf] ;fFw;Ldfgfdf 6fF;]/ agfpg k|:tfj ul/Psf]
jf agfPsf] ejgnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
hf]l8Psf] ejg (Joined Building_M eGgfn] j]Uufj]Un} :jfleTj ePsf] Ps cfk;df ef/jxg c+ux?
;+o'Qm ?kdf lgdf{0f ePsf] ejgx?nfO{ hgfpFb5 .
cf+lzs lgdf{0f ;DkGgM eGgfn] pkof]u ug{ ldNg] u/L Go"gtd ! tnf lgdf{{0f ePsf] ejgnfO{
hgfpFb5 .
gu/kflnsfM o; dfkb08sf] k|of]hgsf nflu gu/kflnsf eGgfn] dxfgu/kflnsf, pk-dxfgu/kflnsf
;d]tnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
:yfgLo lgsfoM o; cfwf/e"t lgdf0f{ dfkb08sf] k|of]hgsf nflu :yfgLo lgsfo eGgfn] gu/kflnsf,
pk-dxfgu/kflnsf, dxfgu/kflnsf / ufpFkflnsf / ;a}nfO{ hgfpFb5 .
;x/L ljsf; sfof{noM eGgfn] ;DjlGwt lhNnf x]g]{ ;x/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu, l8lehg
sfof{nonfO{ hgfpFb5 .
k|fljlws ;ldltM eGgfn] :yfgLo lgsfosf k|d'vsf] ;+of]hsTjdf lghn] tf]s]sf] OlGhlgo/, ;x/L
ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu / lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nosf] k|ltlglw, gfkL clws[t tyf
cfdlGqt ljz]if1x? ;lxtsf] ;ldltnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
lgolGqt ef}lts of]hgf (Secured Physical Plan)M eGgfn] lgolGqt ?kdf dfq k|of]u x'g],
;fFwl;dfgfnfO{ kvf{n nufP/ ;'/lIft ul/Psf] ef}lts of]hgfnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
;fj{hlgs ef}lts of]hgf (Public Physical Plan)M eGgfn] s]xL :jfldTjstf{x?n] cfgf] nufgLdf
ljsf; u/]sf] t/ ltgsf ;8s, v'Nnf If]q cflb ;fj{hlgs k|of]usf] nflu ;d]t v'Nnf ul/Psf]
ef}lts of]hgfnfO{ hgfpFb5.
jftfj/0f d}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf] k|f?kM eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/n] @)&).^.@# df :jLs[t u/]sf] jftfj/0f
d}qL :yfgLo zf;g k|f?k, @)&) -Environment Friendly Local Governance Framework,
2013_ nfO{ hgfpFb5 .
s ju{sf ejgM eGgfn] ejg P]g @)%% sf] bkmf * -s_ cg';f/sf] cTofw'lgs k|ljlw ckgfO{ lgdf{0f
x'g] jf ePsf ejgx?nfO{ hgfpFb5 .
v ju{sf ejgM eGgfn] ejg P]g @)%% sf] bkmf * -v_ cg';f/sf] e"FO tnfsf] If]qkmn !))) ju{
lkm6 eGbf a9L, # tnf eGbf cUnf jf Structural Span $=% ld6/ eGbf a9L ePsf ejgx?nfO{
hgfpFb5 .
u ju{sf ejgM eGgfn] ejg P]g @)%% sf] bkmf * -u_ cg';f/sf] e"FO tnfsf] If]qkmn !))) ju{ lkm6
;Dd / prfO{ # tnf ;Dd jf Structural Span $=% ld6/ eGbf sd ePsf ejgx?nfO{
hgfpFb5.
3 ju{sf ejgM eGgfn] ejg P]g @)%% sf] bkmf * -3_ cg';f/sf] s, v, / u ju{df gk/]sf O+{6f,
9"+uf, df6f], afF;, v/, cflb k|of]u u/L lgdf{0f ePsf] clwstd b'O{ tn] ejgnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
df6f] k/LIf0fM eGgfn] ;x/L ljsf; dGqfnon] hf/L u/]sf] 'df6f] k/LIf0f lgb]{lzsf' n] tf]s]sf] kl/If0f
k|s[of/ljlwnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
cfwf/e"t ;fj{hlgs k"jf{wf/ ;]jfx?M eGgfn] ;8s, 9n, vfg]kfgL, ljh'nL cflbnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
;Dj]bglzn If]qM eGgfn] /fi6ktL lgjf; nufot ;x/L ljsf; dGqfnon] tf]s]sf] cGo If]qx?nfO{
hgfp+b5 .
;+:yfut ejgM eGgfn] ljBfno, pRr ljBfno, c:ktfn, ;/sf/L, lglh tyf klJns lnld6]8sf
sfof{no ejg cflbnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
2
;ef-;Dd]ng ejgM eGgfn] dflg;x? hd36 x'g]u}/ cfjf;Lo k|of]hgsfl;g]df xn, ;+o'Qm/ljzfn
ahf/, dlN6Nk]S;, tf/] xf]6n cflbnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
;fj{hlgs ejgM eGgfn] ;+:yfut ejg, ;ef-;Dd]ngejg nufot ;efxn, ;fF:s[lts ;df/f]x tyf
ef]het]/ :yn, cflbnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
Jofkfl/s ejgM eGgfn] tNnf] tnf Jofkfl/s k|of]hgdf /x]sf] / dflyNnf] tnf cfjf;Lo k|of]hgdf
/x]sf] ejgnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
ejg Plss/0f -House Pooling_M eGgfn] Psn :jfldTjsf 5'f5'} k'/fgf ejgx?nfO{ eTsfP/
gofF aGg] ax':jfldTjsf] Pp6} ejgnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
cfls{6]S6/OlGhlgo/M eGgfn] g]kfn OlGhlgol/ kl/ifb\df btf{ eO{ OlGhlgol/ Joj;fo ug]{ cg'dlt
k|fKt ljz]if1nfO{ hgfpFb5 .
#= s]GLo ;x/L of]hgf tyf ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08 ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f ;ldltM
a:tL ljsf;, ;x/L of]hgf tyf ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08sf] sfof{Gjog Pj+ ;'k/Lj]If0f sf] lgoldt
;dLIff tyf :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ cfjZos ;xhLs/0f Pj+ k[i7kf]if0fsf] lgldQ b]xfosf] Ps ;ldlt
/xg]5 . o; ;ldltn] k|rlnt sfg"gsf] kl/lw leq /xL cfgf] sfo{ljlw cfkm}+ lgwf{/0f ug]{]5 . ;ldltsf]
lgoldt sfo{ ug{ ;x/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefun] o; ;DaGwL ;lrjfnosf] sfd ug]{5 .
!=
@=
#=
$=
%=
^=
&=
*=
;+of]hs
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
(= ;b:o
!)= ;b:o
!!= ;b:o
!@= ;b:o
!#= ;b:o
!$= ;b:o
!%= ;b:o
!^= ;b:o
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
o; ;ldltn] cfjZostf cg';f/ cfgf] a}7sdf ljz]if1x?nfO{ cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 . o; ;ldltsf]
sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 .
3
s= a:tL ljsf;, ;x/L of]hgf tyf ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08 sfof{Gjogsf ;DaGwdf cg'udg ug{'sf
;fy} :yfgLo lgsfox?nfO{ gLltut dfu{bz{g k|bfg ug]{ .
v= :yfgLo lgsfosf] kl/ifb\af6 kfl/t ;x/L of]hgf tyf ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08sf] ljlgodfjnL
;DaGwdf cfjZos k|fljlws k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug]{ .
u= ;x/L of]hgf, ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08 P+j ejg ;+lxtf sfof{Gjog ;DaGwdf cfjZos ;"rgf tyf
z}lIfs ;fdfu|Lx?sf] u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrt ug]{ .
3= ;x/L of]hgf / ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08sf] sfof{Gjogsf] lgldQ :yfgLo lgsfosf] Ifdtf ljsf;
sfo{qmdx? th{'df ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
$= ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08 sfof{Gjogfy{ cfjZos Go"gtd hgzlQm Joj:yfkg
of] ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08 sfof{Gjog ug{ ;x/L ljsf; dGqfno / ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf;
dGqfnon] cf-cfkm\gf dftxtsf lgsfox?df cfjZostf cg';f/ hgzlQm Joj:yf ug]{5g\ .
ufpFkflnsfx?df kof{Kt k|fljlws hgzlQm Joj:yf gx'Gh]n ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08 sfof{Gjogsf] nflu
cfjZos kg]{ k|fljlws hgzlQm Joj:yfkgsf] lgldQ o:tf ufpFkflnsfx?sf] 5gf}6 / o;sf] sfo{
k|lqmof lgwf{/0f ;d]t ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon] ug]{5 . :yfgLo lgsfosf]
kl/ifb\jf6 :jLs[t eO{ kbk"lt{ gx'Gh]n ;Ddsf nflu s/f/af6 oL hgzlQmsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
%= ejgsf] 9fFrf tof/ ug{ / lgdf{0f ;'k/Lj]If0f ;DaGwL Joj:yfx?M
%=! gS;f l8hfOg ug{ gkfpg]M lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt / :yfgLo lgsfosf] cfgf] sfo{qmd afx]ssf
lgdf{0f x'g] ;+/rgfx?sf] of]hgf, 9fFrf / gS;f agfpg] sfo{df ;f]xL :yfgLo lgsfodf sfo{/t
k|fljlws k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf ;+nUg x'g kfpg] 5}g .
%=@ ejgsf] 9fFrf/gS;f tof/ ug]{ tyf lgdf{0f ;'k/Lj]If0f cg'dltM cfly{s jif{ @)&@.&# b]lv ejg P]g
@)%% sf] bkmf * cg';f/ s / v ju{sf ejgx?sf] 9fFrf, gS;f, :6Sr/ tyf ljz]if ;'ljwfx?sf]
l8hfOg / lgdf{0f ;'k/Lj]If0f cfls{6]S6 jf OlGhlgo/af6 u/fpg' kg]{5 . g]kfn OlGhlgol/ kl/ifb\n]
OlGhlgo/x?sf] ;"rL tof/ u/L Jofj;flos cg'dlt (Professional Engineering License) k|bfg
gu?Gh]n s / v ju{sf] ejgsf] nflu l;len OlGhlgol/ ljifodf :gfts pQL0f{ u/L % jif{
;DjlGwt If]qdf cg'ej xfl;n u/]sf] OlGhlgo/jf6 :6Sr/ tyf ljz]if ;'ljwfx?sf] l8hfOg u/fpg'
kg]{5 . u / 3 ju{sf ejgsf] nflu ejg ;DjGwL ljwfdf sd;]sd k|df0fkq tx pQL0f{ u/]sf]
k|fljlwsjf6 ejgsf] 9fFrf/gS;f tof/ / lgdf{0f ;'k/Lj]If0f u/fpg' kg]{5 .
%=# lgdf{0f ;DkGg k|df0fkq lbg]M ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08 cg';/0f u/L gS;f tof/, :6Sr/n l8hfOg /
;'k/Lj]If0f ul/Psf] egL k|fljlwsn] l;kmfl/z u/]sf] ejgnfO{ dfq :yfgLo lgsfon] cfgf
k|fljlwsaf6 ;d]t hfFrkf; u/fO{ lgdf{0f ;DkGg k|df0fkq lbg]5 . dfkb08 ljkl/t gS;f tyf
l8hfOg k|dfl0ft ug]{ k|fljlwsnfO{ g]kfn O{lGhlgol/ kl/ifb\n] 5fgljg u/L sfg"gL sf/jfxL ug{' kg]{5.
%=$ cfwf/e"t ;fj{hlgs k"jf{wf/ ;]jfx?sf] pkef]uM k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ?kdf lgdf{0f ;DkGg k|df0fkq lnPsf
ejgx?df dfq :yfgLo lgsfon] cfwf/e"t ;fj{hlgs k"jf{wf/ ;]jfx? h8fgsf] l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
:yfgLo lgsfosf] :jLs[lt lagf ;DjlGwt lgsfox?n] pkef]Qmfx?nfO{ oL ;]jfx? k|bfg ug]{5}gg\ .
%=% ufpFkflnsfn] s / v ju{sf] ejg lgdf{0f :jLs[lt lbg]M ufpFkflnsfn] s / v ju{sf ejg lgdf{0fsf]
cg'dlt lb+bf /fli6o ejg ;+lxtf @)^) cg';f/ tf]lsPsf] k|fljlws ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df ejg P]g
@)%% sf] bkmf !!-@_ cg';f/sf] k|s[of k'/f u/L dfq :jLs[lt lbg]5 .
%=^ ufpFkflnsfn] u / 3 ju{sf] ejg lgdf{0f :jLs[lt lbg]M ufpFkflnsfn] u / 3 ju{sf ejg lgdf{0fsf]
cg'dlt lb+bf /fli6o ejg ;+lxtf @)^) df Joj:yf eP adf]lhd k|fljlws ;ldlt ;/xsf] ;ldltsf]
l;kmfl/;df dfq lgdf{0f :jLs[lt lbg]5 .
%=& t]>f] kIf hfFr -Third Party Verification_ ug{' kg]{M s / v ju{sf] ejgnfO{ lgdf{0f cg'dlt tyf
lgdf{0f ;DkGg k|ltj]bg lbFbf :yfgLo lgsfon]] t]>f] kIf hfFrsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;f]sf] nflu
:yfgLo lgsfon] OlGhlgo/x?sf] /f]i6/ tof/ u/L cfls{6]S6 jf l;len O{lGhlgo/af6 dfq t];|f] kIfLo
hfFr u/fpg' kb{{5 . /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o dxTjsf tyf hl6n k|s[ltsf] ejg ;+/rgfsf] l8hfOgdf
:yfgLo lgsfon] cfdlGqt ljz]if1x? ;d]tjf6 ;dsIfL k'g/fjnf]sg (Peer Review) sf] Joj:yf
;d]t ug{ ;Sg]5 .
%=* ejg lgdf{0fsf] cg'dlt lbg]M ejg lgdf{0fsf] cg'dlt lbFbf ;Dk"0f{ lgdf{0fsf] cg'dlt glbO{ klxnf] k6s
l8lkl; ;Ddsf] dfq lgdf{0f cg'dlt lbOg]5 . ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08 cg';f/ ;f] l8lk;L agfOPsf] eP
dfq dflyNnf] tNnfsf] lgdf{0f cg'dlt lbOg]5 . k|lqmof k"/f u/L lgj]bg k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] !% lbg
leq :yfgLo lgsfon] lgj]bg dfyL lg0f{o lbg]5 .
%=( ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] lgod kfngf gu/L ejg lgdf{0f ug{ gx'g]M lgdf{0f dfkb08 ljkl/t x'g] u/L
;fj{hlgs lgsfon]] cfgf] nufgLaf6 ejg lgdf{0f ug'{ x'+b}g . o;f] u/]df ejgsf] l8hfOg tyf
lgdf{0fdf ;+nUg x'g] sd{rf/Lx? JolQmut ?kdf lhDd]jf/ x'g]5g\ .
%=!) lgdf{0f ;DkGg k|df0fkq glnPsf ejgx? ;fj{hlgs k|of]hgdf Nofpg gkfOg]M ;/sf/L tyf
cw{;/sf/L lgsfox?, :jf:Yo;+:yf, ljBfno / ;+ul7t ;F:yfx?n] ejg ef8fdf ln+bf lgdf{0f ;DkGg
k|df0fkq kfPsf ejg dfq ef8fdf lng]5g\ .
^=
&=
*=
hUuf cltlqmd0f gu/]sf] cj:yfdf of] cfwf/e"t lgdf{0f dfkb08 nfu" ePsf] ldltn] Ps jif{sf]
;do lbO{ gSzf kf; ug{ cfXjfg ubf{ ejg :jfldTjstf{n] pQm ejg tTsflng dfkb08 cg';f/
/x]sf] eGg] k|fljlws k|ltj]bg ;lxt lgj]bg lbPdf :yfgLo lgsfon] tf]s]sf] k|s[of k'ofO{ gS;f
kf; ul/lbg]5 . of] Joj:yf cg';f/ lgj]bg glbPsf / ;8s, ;/sf/L, P]nfgL, klt{ hUuf cflb
cltqmd0f u/]sf ejgx? :yfgLo lgsfon] eTsfpg nufpg] jf eTsfpg]5 .
v= lgdf{0f eO;s]sf] !& ld6/ eGbf cUnf ejgnfO{ dfyL k|fjwfg -s_ cg';f/ lgoldt ubf{ ;x/L
ljsf; sfof{nosf]] l;kmfl/;df gS;fkf; ul/lbOg]5 .
u= o; cfwf/e"t lgdf{0f dfkb08 nfu" x'g k"j{ ejg ;+lxtf nfu" gePsf :yfgLo lgsfox?df ejg
;+lxtf cg';/0f gu/L t/ :yfgLo lgsfosf] :jLs[lt k|fKt u/L lgdf{0f ePsf ejgx? of]
cfwf/e"t lgdf{0f dfkb08 nfu" ePsf] Ps jif{ leq :yfgLo lgsfon] tf]s]sf] k|s[of cg';f/
:yfgLo lgsfosf] clen]vdf btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 . clen]lvs/0f gul/Psf ejgx?nfO{ ;/sf/L,
cw{;/sf/L jf ;+:yfx?n] ef8fdf lng] kfpg] 5}gg\ .
(=
!)= ejg lgdf{0f ;DaGwL gd"gf dfkb08sf cfwf/df lgdf{0f cg'dlt lbg' kg]{M
of] dfkb08 eGbf Go"g dfkb08 nfu" u/]sf :yfgLo lgsfox?n] o; dfkb08df pNn]v ePsf] ljifodf
o;} adf]lhd / o;df pNn]v gePsf]df ;x/L ljsf; dGqfnojf6 tof/ ul/Psf] ejg lgdf{0fsf]
gd"gf dfkb08, @)&! sf] cfwf/df dfkb08 agfO{ cfgf] kl/ifb\af6 ^ dlxgf leq cg'df]bg u/fO{
sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] 5g\ . sf7dfG8f} pkTosf leqsf :yfgLo lgsfox?n] o; dfkb08df pNn]v
ePsf]df afx]s cGo ljifodf sf7dfG8f} pkTosf leqsf gu/kflnsf / gu/f]Gd'v uflj;df ul/g]
lgdf{0f ;DaGwL dfkb08, @)^$ sf k|fjwfg cg';f/ dfkb08 kl/ifb\af6 ^ dlxgf leq cg'df]bg
u/fO sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] 5g\ .
!!=
!@= ;fj{hlgs hdLg / ;8ssf] ;Ldf 36\g] u/L xfn;fljs ug{ aGb]hM
;fj{hlgs, P]nfgL, klt{, gbL, gfnf, /fhs'nf], af6f], rf}tf/f, rf]s / jgIf]q cflb tyf cGo k/Dk/fut
v'Nnf If]q Pj+ ;/sf/L hdLgsf] ;fljssf] If]qkmn / ;8ssf] ;fljssf] rf}8fO{ 36g] u/L lghL
hUufx?sf] xfn;fljs ul/g]] 5}g . o;f] ul/Pdf ;f]jf6 x'g cfpg]] gf]S;fgL o;df ;+nUg
kbflwsf/Laf6 sfg"g adf]lhd sf/jfxL ;lxt ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;"n pk/ ul/g]5 .
!#= of]hgf tyf ejg lgdf{0f ;DaGwL cfwf/e"t lgdf{0f dfkb08x?M
!#=!= dfkb08x? k'ofpg] k|of]hgsf] nflu s;}sf] ;lwof/sf] dGh"/Lgfdfsf] cfwf/df ejg lgdf{0f
cg'dlt lbOg] 5}g . dfkb08 k'ofP/ ejg lgdf{0f cg'dlt jf lgdf{0f ;DkGg k|df0fkq lnO;s]sf]
ejgn] kl5 lsQfsf6 u/L jf s'g} vfnL lsQf a]rlavg ubf{ :jLs[t dfkb08 sfod gx'g] u/L
lsQfsf6 jf a]rljvg u/]df ;f] ejgsf] lgdf{0f ;DkGg k|df0fkq :jtM vf/]h x'g]5 / :yfgLo
lgsfon] To:tf] ejg cfk}+mn] eTsfpg]5 jf eTsfpg nufpg]5 .
!#=@= ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08 k|lts"n x'g] u/L s'g} klg sj'lnot u/fO{ jf zt{ tf]sL ejg lgdf{0f
cg'dlt lbOg]] 5}g .
!#=#=
lgdf{0f ;DkGg k|df0fkq glnO ;fj{hlgs ejgnfO{ pkof]udf Nofpg lbOg]5}g . t/, Jofkfl/s /
cfjf;Lo ejgx? cf+lzs lgdf{0f ;DkGg k|df0fkq k|fKt u/L pkof]udf Nofpg lbOg]5 .
!#=$= ejgsf] k|of]hg kl/jt{g ug{' k/]df ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08 / ejg ;+lxtf ljkl/t gx'g] u/L :yflgo
lgsfoaf6 :jLs[lt lnP/ dfq ug{ lbOg]5 . :jLs[lt ljgf pkof]u kl/jt{g u/]df :yfgLo lgsfon]
pQm ejgnfO{ cfgf] ;]jfjf6 alGrt ug'{sf] ;fy} cfwf/e"t ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx?af6 alGrt ug{
;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ n]lvk7fpg]5 / ;DalGwt lgsfox?n] klg n]lvcfP adf]lhd ul/lbg]5g\ .
!#=%= hlt;'s} tnfsf ;fj{hlgs / s ju{sf ejg tyf v ju{sf # tnf eGbf cUnf ;a} ejg lgdf{0f
ug{ clgjfo{ ?kdf ;x/L ljsf; dGqfnon] hf/L u/]sf] 'df6f] k/LIf0f lgb]{lzsf' cg';f/ df6f]
kl/If0f ug'{ kg]{5 . vfgL tyf e"ue{ ljefun] g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt u/L lgif]w u/]sf If]qdf
ejg lgdf{0f ug{ kfOg] 5}g . :yfgLo lgsfon] cfkm}+ df6f] k/LIf0f u/fO{ tf]lslbPsf] If]qdf dfq !&
ld6/ eGbf cUnf ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug{ cg'dlt lbg]5 .
!#=^= hUuf vl08s/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yfM
!#=^=! hUuf Plss/0f k4ltf/f jf 7"nf lsQfnfO{ -Ps jf w]/}_ lsQfsf6 u/L hUufsf] sf/f]af/, ;fd'lxs
cfjf; jf ;fj{hlgs ejg lgdf{0f h:tf ef}lts of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{'kbf{ ljsf; k|flws/0f jf
gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt ePsf]df ;f] / gePsf]df k|fljlws ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df :yfgLo lgsfon] o;}
pk-a"Fbf !#=^=^ sf] k|lts'n gx'g] u/L of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] :jLs[lt -Planning Permit_ lbg]5 .
!#=^=@ Ps ld6/ eGbf ulx/f] df6f] k'/]/ tof/ ug{] ef}lts ljsf; jf hUuf vl08s/0f of]hgf k|:tfj ubf{
;f] hdLg slt ef/jxg Ifdtfsf] nflu lx;fj ul/Psf] xf] ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg ;d]t of]hgf :jLs[ltsf]
nflu k]z ug{] lgj]bg;fy ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 . hdLgsf] ef/ jxg Ifdtf gv'n]sf] of]hgf k|:tfj
:jLs[t u/]df ;+nUg clwsf/Lx?nfO{ sfg"gL sf/jfxL ul/g]5 .
!#=^=# cfjf;Lo k|of]hgsf] nflu k|:tfljt ef}lts of]hgf If]qsf] xsdf -s_ k|:tfljt 38]/Lsf] If]qkmn
e"ld ;DjGwL lgodx? @)@! n] tf]s]sf] eGbf sd lsQf sf6 gx'g] u/L of]hgf k|:tfj ug'{ kb{5 .
-v_ Pp6} prfOsf clwstd # tn] ejgx? ePsf] v08df dfq hf]l8Psf ejgx? -Row
Housing_ lgdf{0f ug{ lbOg]5 . hf]l8Psf ejgx? lgdf{0f ubf{ kl5 ejgsf] dd{t ug'{ kbf{sf]
cj:yfdf ejg :jfldTjstf{x?df kg{ cfpg] bfloTj ;d]t ejg lgdf{0f :jLs[ltsf] nflu k]z ul/g]
lgj]bg;fy ;+nUg x'g' kg]{5 .
!#=^=$ ;fj{hlgs k|of]hgsf] nflu ul/g] hUuf ljsf; jf ejg Plss/0f of]hgf k|:tfj ubf{ ejgx?sf]
u''? of]hgf ;lxt k]z x'g' kg]{5 / k|fljlws ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df :yfgLo lgsfon] To:tf] of]hgf
:jLs[t ug]{5 .
!#=^=% ef}lts of]hgf sfof{Gjog cg'dlt -Planning Permit_ lb+bf of]hgf k|:tfj ul/Psf] s"n hUufsf]
-s_ slDtdf !% k|ltzt af6f]sf] nflu / -v_ slDtdf % k|ltzt v'Nnf If]qsf] nflu 5'6\ofOPsf]
x'g' kg]{5 . ;fy}, o:tf] v'Nnf If]qsf] If]qkmn *) ju{ ld6/ eGbf sd / ;f] sf] rf}8fO{ * ld6/
eGbf sd x'g' x'Fb}g / o:tf] v'Nnf If]qn] k|:tfljt ef}lts of]hgf If]qsf] aflx/L ;fFw jf l;dfgf
5f]Psf] x'g' x'Fb}g .
!#=^=^ k|:tfljt ef}lts of]hgfx?df jf6f]sf] Joj:yfM
s= ;fj{hlgs ef}lts of]hgfsf] xsdfM ljBdfg ;fj{hlgs ;8s;+u hf]l8g] k|:tfljt of]hgfsf] d"n
;8ssf] rf}8fO slDtdf * ld6/ x'g' kg]{5 . ljBdfg 3gf a:tLnfO{ ejg Plss[t of]hgff/f k'gM
lgdf{0f ug]{ :jLs[lt dfu ePsf] cj:yfdf pk-a"Fbf !#=!# -_ cg';f/ :jLs[lt lbOg]5 .
v= lgolGqt ef}lts of]hgfsf] xsdfM ljBdfg ;fj{hlgs d"n ;8s;+u hf]l8g] k|:tfljt of]hgfsf]
k|To]s ;8sdf pQm ;fj{hlgs ;8s b]lv @) ld6/ leq ;Dd rf/kfFu|] uf8L l5g]{ / lg:sg]
a]Unfa]Un} 9f]sf tyf jf6f] (gate and lane) x'g' kg]{5 . ^ ld6/ ;Dd rf}8f ;fj{hlgs af6f]n]
5f]Psf] hUufdf !) ld6/ ;Dd cUnf] cfjf;Lo k|of]hgsf] nflu k|:tfljt of]hgfnfO{ dfq :jLs[tL
lbOg]5 . * ld6/ jf ;f] eGbf a9L rf}8f ;fj{hlgs ;8sn] 5f]Psf] hUufdf dfq !) ld6/ eGbf
cUnf cfjf;Lo/;fj{hlgs ejg lgdf{0f ug{ k|:tfljt of]hgfnfO{ :jLs[lt lbOg]5 .
u= s'g} klg af6f]sf] 3'DtL jf df]8sf] Go"gtd cw{Jof;
#=% ld6/ eGbf a9L x'g' kg]5
{ ;
3= 9n tyf af6f] lgdf{0f ;DkGg ug]{ bfloTj of]hgf
k|:tfj ug]{ ;+:yfsf] g} x'g]5;
= af6f] tyf v'Nnf If]qsf] :jfldTj To; ef}lts
of]hgfjf6 nfeflGjt x'g] ejg/hUuf vl/bstf{{x?df
;+o'Qm ?kdf /xg] sfg"gL Joj:yf vl/bstf{{x?n] gu/L
of]hgf k|:tfj ug]{ ;+:yfn] g} ug]{5 .
!#=&= ejgsf] prfO / ;]6Aofssf] cg'kftM
s= !) dL6/ ;Dd cUnf ejgx?sf] ;Flwof/ tk{msf]
Go"gtd ;]6Aofs !=% dL6/ x'g' kg]{5; e\mofn-9f]sf
8
= 3gf ;x/L If]qdf ejg PsLs[t -House Pooling_ u/L k'gMlgdf{0f ug{ :jLs[lt lb+bf k|:tfljt
af6f]sf] rf}8fO{ / s"n If]qkmn ;fljs af6f]sf] rf}8fO{ / s"n If]qkmn eGbf sd gx'g] u/L lbOg]5 .
!#=!$= ;fj{hlgs ejg/;+/rgfx? lgdf{0f ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfo -h:t}M gful/s pog k|flws/0f, rnlrq
ljsf; af]8{ cflb_ af6 k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg]{ eP To:tf lgsfox?af6 :jLs[lt lnO;s]sf
cfj]bsx?sf] ejg lgdf{0f lgj]bg pk/ dfq :yfgLo lgsfon] :jLs[ltsf] sfo{jfxL cufl8
a9fpg]5 . k|frLg :df/s ;+/If0f P]g, @)!# nfu' x'g] If]qdf k'/ftTj ljefusf] :jLs[lt k|fKt u/]sf]
ejg lgdf{0f k|:tfjnfO{ dfq :yfgLo lgsfon] lgdf{0f :jLs[lt lbg]5 . ;DjlGwt lgsfosf]
l;kmfl/; lagf gS;f kf;sf] lgj]bg :jLsfg]{ tyf ejg lgdf{0f :jLs[lt lbg] :yfgLo lgsfosf]
clwsf/LnfO{ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon] cfjZos sf/jfxL ug]{5 .
!#=!%= ;Ldf kvf{n lgdf{0f ug{{ :jLs[lt lbFbf ;fwf/0ftof !=@ ld6/ cUnf] uf/f] / ;f] dfyL )=^ ld6/
cUnf] hfnL /fVg] u/L lbOg]5 . )=^ ld6/ eGbf cUnf] hfnL /fvL lgdf{0f :jLs[lt lng rfx]df
;Dk"0f{ kvf{nsf] :6Sr/n l8hfOg ;d]t lgj]bg ;fy k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . ;/sf/L jf s'6gLlts
lgsfon] ;'/Iffsf] sf/0f cUnf] kvf{n nufpg' kg]{ ePdf u[x dGqfnosf]] l;kmfl/; ;lxt ;f]sf]
:6Sr/n l8hfOg ;lxt lgj]bg k]z u/]df :yfgLo lgsfon] o:tf] kvf{n nufpg :jLs[lt lbOg]5 .
!#=!^= Go"gtd Ps tnfsf] lgdf{0f ;DkGg k|df0fkq -cf+lzs jf k"0f{_ lnPsf] ejgnfO{ dfq :yfgLo
lgsfon] kfgL, ljh'nL cflb ;fj{hlgs cfwf/e"t ;]jfx? h8fg ug{ l;kmfl/z lbg]5 .
!#=!&= ejg ;+lxtf @)^) cg';f/sf] u ju{sf] ejg lgdf{0f ubf{ hUufsf] ;fFw;Ldfgfjf6 Go"gtd ! dL6/
5f]8]/ dfq ejgsf] lkn/ -Column_ jf ef/jxg uf/f] lgdf{0f ug{ lbOg]5 . dfyL a"Fbf !#=&=-v_
cg';f/ 6fFl;Psf] ejg lgdf{0f ug{ o; a"Fbfn] aGb]h ug]{ 5}g .
!#=!*= s, v / u ju{sf ejgx?sf] lgdf{0f :jLs[ltsf] nflu lgj]bg lb+bf ejgsf] :jfldTjstf{n] ejg
lgdf{0fsf] ;'k/Lj]If0f ejg P]g @)%% sf] bkmf !! -#_ cg';f/ of]Uotf k'u]sf] k|fljlws;Fu
tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf ePsf] ;Demf}tfkq ;d]t ;dfj]z ug{' kg]{5 . ejg :jfldTjstf{n] rfx]df o;}
lgodfg';f/ cs{} k|fljlws dfkm{t\ lgdf{0f ;'kl/j]If0f u/fpg ;Sg]5 . cfkm"n] ;Demf}tf cg';f/
;'kl/j]If0f sfo{ ug{ g;Sg] ePsf] cj:yfdf k|fljlwsn] ;f]sf] ;"rgf cljnDj :yfgLo lgsfonfO{
lbg' kg]{5 . o:tf] ;"rgf glbg] k|fljlwsnfO{ :yfgLo lgsfon] sfnf] ;"rLdf /fVg]5 .
!#=!(= ejgsf] lKnGysf] prfO{ jf6f]sf] clwsf/ If]qnfO{ xfgL gk'ofpg] u/L /fVg' kg]{5 . ;8ssf]
clwsf/ If]q clts|d0f u/L v'8lsnf, ofDk cflb /flvPdf ejg lgdf{0f ;DkGg k|df0fkq lbOg]
5}g .
!#=@)= Ps dL6/ eGbf nfdf] 5Hhf jf jfb{nLsf] :6Sr/n l8hfOg k]z gePsf]] u ju{sf] ejgnfO{ lgdf{0f
:jLs[lt lbOg]5}g .
!#=@!= cfly{s jif{ @)&#/)&$ b]lv e"sDk k|lt/f]wfTds ejg lgdf{0f ;DjGwL cfwf/e"t tflnd lnO{
;"rLs[t ePsf] sflnu9 jf 7]s]bf/n] dfq ;'kl/j]If0fsf] nflu lgo'Qm ePsf] k|fljlwssf] /f]xj/df
ejg :jfldTjstf{;+u lkIfLo ;Demf}tf u/L ejg lgdf{0f ug{ kfpg]5 . sflnu9 tyf 7]s]bf/x?n]
o:tf] tflnd lgMz'Ns kfpgsf] nflu cfk'mnfO{ kfos kg]{ :yfgLo lgsfodf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5g\ .
!#=@@= :yfgLo lgsfox?n] :yfgLo ;xeflutf ;lxtsf] cfgf] kl/ifb\sf] lg0f{on] o; dfkb08 ljkl/t
gx'g] u/L tf]lsPsf d"n af6f]df tf]lsPsf] tnf, 9fFrf, cfsf/ / /+usf ejgx?dfq lgdf{0f ug]{
11
k|fjwfgx? nfu" ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . ;fj{hlgs ejgx? /+ufpFbf ;fj{hlgs ejgdf k|of]u x'g] /+u
;DaGwL lgb]l\z
{ sf, @)^( adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!#=@#= gofF lgdf{0f x'g] s / v ju{sf ejgn] 5fgfsf] kfgL hldg d'lg k7fpg] / hldgn] ;f]:g g;Sg]
kfgL dfq 9ndf k7fpg] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 . o:tf] Joj:yf gu/]sf ejgnfO{ ejg lgdf{0f ;DkGg
k|df0fkq lbOg]5}g .
!#=@$= zx/sf] :j?kdf gsf/fTds c;/ kfg]{ egL k|fljlws ;ldltn] l;kmfl/; u/]df s'g} klg ejgdf
xf]l8{+u af]8{, 6fj/ cflb /fVg lbO{g]5}g . ;fy}, ejgsf] :6Sr/n l8hfOgdf g} o:tf ;+/rgfx?sf]
ef/nfO{ ;dfj]z u/]sf] eP dfq ejgdf o:tf ;+/rgfx? h8fg ug{ lbOg]5 .
!#=@%= tf]lsPsf d"n ;8s lsgf/fsf ejgx?n] lgdf{0f eO;s]sf] efunfO{ /+u/f]ug (finishing) gu/]sf
ejgnfO{ lgdf{0f ;DkGg k|df0fkq tyf tNnf yksf] :jLs[lt lbOg]5}g .
!#=@^= Emergency Response Plan ;+nUg gePsf ;+o'Qm cfjf; tyf ;fj{hlgs ejgx?nfO{ ejg
lgdf{0f cg'dlt lbOg]5}g .
!#=@&= :jLs[lt k|bfg ul/Psf] cjlw leq lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg x'g g;s]df ejgsf] hlt tnfsf]] lgdf{0f
sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5, ;f]sf] lgdf{0f ;DkGg k|df0fkq lbOg]5 . o;/L cfFlzs lgdf{0f ;DkGg
k|df0fkq lnO;s]sf ejgn] yk lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ k'gM cg'dlt lng' kg]{5 .
!#=@*= ;fj{hlgs kfgLsf] d'xfg / lgsf;nfO{ c;/ kg]{ u/L s'g} ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug{ lbO{g]5}g .
!#=@(= gbL psf;af6 cfPsf] hldgdf ;fj{hlgs ;8s, 9n / pBfg afx]s s'g} ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug{
lbO{g]5}g .
!#=#)= g]kfn ;/sf/n] :jLs[t u/]sf ef}lts ljsf; cfof]hgfx?df -h:t}M clwsf/ ;DkGg afudlt
;Eotf Plss[t ljsf; cfof]hgf, dgf]x/f hUuf Plss/0f cfof]hgf, sf7df8f+} cflb_ nfu" ePsf
dfkb08x?df To; cfof]hgf;+u ;DjlGwt gbLsf] lsgf/jf6 hlt ;]6Jofs 5f8L :yfoL ef}lts
;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug{ kfOg] egL tf]lsPsf] 5 ;f]sf] k|lts'n gx'g] u/L dfq ejg lgdf{0f :jLs[lt
lbOg]5 .
!#=#!= ljljwM
s= gfkLgS;f tyf >]itfdf af6f] sfod gePsf] ;fj{hlgs hUufnfO{ af6f] sfod u/L ejg
lgdf{0f :jLs[lt lbOg] 5}g .
v= k|To]s 3/df ;]6L 6\of\s clgjfo{ ?kdf /fVg] u/L dfq ejg lgdf{0f :jLs[lt lbOg]5 .
u= k|fs[lts tfn, wfk, kf]v/L, kfgLsf d'xfg cfbL df:g] u/L ejg lgdf{0f :jLs[lt lbOg] 5}g .
3= ;+:yfut ejg, ;ef;Dd]ng ejg / ;fj{hlgs ejg lgdf{0f ug{ :yflgo lgsfoaf6 of]hgf
cg'dlt -Planning Permit_ lnP/ dfq gSzfkfzsf] k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg kg]{5 .
!$=
;fy} dx+uf] klg x'g] ub{5 . olx @)&@ a}zfv !@ sf] e"sDkn] ljBdfg a:tLx?df lr/f kf/L
cTolws Iflt k'ofP/ af9L klx/f] h:tf cGo k|sf]knfO{ klg lgdTofPsf] 5 / a:tLx? hf]lvdk"0f{
ePsf 5g\ . ljBdfg s]xL a:tLx?df hf]lvd df]n]/ al;/x]sf kl/jf/x?nfO{ ;'/lIft :yfgdf
:yfgfGt/0f u/fpg' cfjZos ePsf]n] gofF a:tLx? lgdf{0f ubf{ hf]lvd Go"lgs/0f ug{ of]
cfwf/e"t gd{;\ / :6]G88{ hf/L ul/Psf] 5 .
xfdLsxfF ce}m ;Dd klg sxfF a:tL a;fNg x'G5, sxfF x'Fb}g eg]/ j}1flgs ?kdf e"-If]qx?sf]
klxrfg eO;s]sf] 5}g . vfgL tyf e"ue{ ljefujf6 tof/ eO{ hf/L ePsf ef}ule{s gS;fx?
(Engineering and Environmental Geological Maps) n] a:tL ljsf;nfO{ s]xL dfqfdf
lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg] eP klg ljleGg sf/0fx?n] ubf{ oL gS;fx? lj:t[t ?kdf k|of]udf cfO;s]sf
5}gg\ . o:tf] k|of]hgsf nflu tof/ x'Fb} u/]sf] lj:t[t ef}ule{s gS;f g]kfn ;/sf/jf6 :jLs[t eO{
nfu" ePkl5 ;f]nfO{ cfwf/ dfgL a:tL ljsf; ul/g] p4]Zo /fVb} a:tL ljsf;sf] :jLs[lt lb+bf
xfnnfO{ vfgL tyf e"ue{ ljefusf e"ue{ljb\x?sf] ;+nUgtfdf tof/ kfl/Psf oL gd{;\ / :6]G88{
cg'';/0f ul/g]5g\ . cflwsfl/s ef}ule{s gS;f nfu" ePkl5 oL gd{; / :6]G88{x? :jtM ;f]xL
ef}ule{s gS;f cg';f/ kl/dflh{t x'g]5g\ .
!$=!
!$=!=!= vfgL tyf e"ue{ ljefujf6 gSzf+sg u/L klxrfg ul/Psf g]kfnsf ljleGg :yfgdf /x]sf ;ls|o
b/f/x?sf cf;kf; s'g} klg lsl;dsf] lgdf{0fsfo{ ug'{ k"j{ ef}ule{s cWoog u/fO{ k|ltj]bg k]z
ug'{ kg]{5; ;fy}, ulx/f] lr/f k/sf] e"efu, l;d;f/ If]q, tfn-tn}of jf To:tf k|fs[lts :yfg
dfyL df6f] el/Psf If]qx?af6 %) ld6/ 6f9f x'g] u/L ef}lts ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug{ lbOg]5 .
!$=!=@= klx/f]jf6 aRg ckgfpg' kg]{ ;fjwfgLM :yfg 5gf]6 ubf{ ;dtn hldg jf #) l8u|L eGbf sd
le/fnf] If]q /f]Hg'' kb{5 / le/fnf] hdLgsf] km]bLaf6 slDtdf # dL6/ 5f8]/ dfq ejg lgdf{0f ug{
lbOg]5 . t/, #) l8u|L eGbf sd le/fnf] If]q eP klg vfgL tyf e"ue{ ljefun] /fhkqdf ;"rgf
k|sflzt u/L lgMz]lwt u/]sf] If]qdf a:tL a;fNg x'Fb}g eg] s8f rfg ePsf] #) l8u|L eGbf a9L
le/fnf] If]qdf laz]if1x?sf] ;Nnfx adf]lhd a:tL a;fNg lbOg]5 .
!$=!=#= af9Ljf6 aRg ckgfpg kg]{ ;fjwfgLM :yfg 5gf]6 ubf{ P]ltxfl;s af9Lsf] ;tx eGbf dflysf]
hdLgnfO{ 5gf]6 ug{' kb{5 . To:tf If]q ;fgf gfnfaf6 Go"gtd !) dL6/ / afX|df;] gbLsf]
P]ltxfl;s af9Lsf] ;txaf6 #) dL6/ 6f9f x'g' kb{5 .
!$=@
!$=@=!= cfkt\sfnLg :yfgfGt/0f jf k'gM:yfkgf u/fpFbf ;xeflutf d'ns l56f] Pj+ ;/n d"Nof+sg lalw Participatory Rapid Appraisal_ ckgfO{ vt/f / ;+efljt hf]lvdx? klxrfg ul/ ;'/lIft
:yfgsf] 5gf]6 ug{ :yfgLo afl;Gbfx?sf] cg'ejnfO{ a6'nL pQm If]qdf 36]sf ljleGg k|fs[lts
k|sf]k ;DalGw P]ltxfl;s hfgsf/Lx? ;+sng ul/ To:tf hfgsf/Lx?nfO{ ;fwf/0f ?kn] xftn]
sf]l/Psf lrq Pj Dofkf/f lrq0f ug{ ;lsg]5 .
!$=@=@= bL3{sfnLg j:tL ljsf; / k"jf{wf/ nufgLsf] nflu eg] e"-j}1flgs / hn-lj1fgsf ljz]if1x?f/f
pQm :yfgsf] lj:t[t hf+r u/fpg' kg]{5 . To:tf cWoogdf e"sDk, af9L, klx/f]sf 36gfx, jiff{
tyf af9Lsf] tYof+s cflb ;lDdlnt ljj/0f / ljZn]if0f ;dfj]z ug{' kg]{5 . o:tf cWoogsf
cfwf/df ejg / ef}lts ;+/rgfx lgdf{0f ubf{ ckgfpg kg]{ pko'Qm ;fjwfgLx? lgwf{/0f ug{
;lsg]5 .
13
!$=#
hf]lvdo'Qm a:tLsf] :yfgfGt/0f: k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] b[li6sf]0fn] hf]lvdo'Qm a:tLx? :yfgLo lgsfo
;d]tnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fO{{ :yfgLo ;xeflutfsf] cfwf/df ;'/lIft :yfgdf k'gM:yfkgf ul/g]5 .
!%=
!%=!
o; dfkb08sf] sfof{Gjogdf s'g} afwf c8rg cfPdf o; dfkbG8sf k|fjwfgnfO{ k|lts"n c;/
gkg]{ u/L ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] k/fdz{df ;x/L ljsf; dGqfnon] afwf
c8rg km'sfpg ;Sg]5 .
o; dfkb08n] tf]s]sf s'/fx? o;} adf]lhd / o;n] gtf]s]sf s'/fx? xfn ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08
nfu" ePsf :yfgLo lgsfox?df ;f]xL adf]lhd / ;f] nfu" gePsf :yfgLo lgsfox?df ;x/L
ljsf; dGqfnon] :jLs[t u/L hf/L u/]sf] ejg lgdf{0f ;DjGwL gd"gf dfkb08 cg';f/ x'g]5 .
ljljw
!%=@
!^=
lgdf{0f :jLs[lt lbg] ;Gbe{df b:t'/ sfod ubf{ ejgsf] k|of]hg cg';f/ ug'{ kb{5 . ;fy}, Ps}
k|of]hgsf] nflu lgdf{0f :jLs[lt lb+bf Psn ?kdf lgdf{0f x'g] / ;+o'Qm ?kdf lgdf{0f x'g] ejgx?
aLr leGg leGg b/ sfod ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
14
!&=
15