Thermal Power Plant

TRANSIENTS IN COOLING WATER SYSTEMS
OF THERMAL POWER PLANTS
PART II
H.H. SAFWAT
^JOTHEEK V/SG. 5 V/AT.:>BCUWKUNDE T.H.

Ooi'p.""t;r..-<;^ 75 OtLFT
iy (P ^ o 3
TRANSIENTS IN COOLING WATER SYSTEMS

OF THERMAL POWER PLANTS
WT
^ a - ( ^ . -2.
PART II
Bibliotheek TU Delft
0640
258
3092744
^ /feM
H.H. SAFWAT
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
Chapter
Page
SYMBOLS
LIST OF TABLES '

LIST OF FIGURES
. ' " :.
'
11
'
12
LIST OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMES
18
1. INTRODUCTION
20
1.1. General Aspects of the Problem and Motivation .
20
1.2. Method of Approach to the Investigation
21
1.3. Outline of Dissertation
22
2. WATER-IAMI-IER AND WATER-COLUMN SEPARATION ANALYSIS
25
2.1. Literature Survey
25
2.2. Basic Laws of Fluid Mechanics for Water-Hammer Applications
28
2.3. Characteristics Method
31
2.i+. Finite Difference Solution
33
2.5- Illustrative Description of the Phenomena of Water-Hammer

and Water-Colomn Separation
'35
3. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
UO
3.1. Water-Hammer Water-Colomn Separation Experimental Circuit

3.1.1. General description
3.1.2. Details and data of main parts of circuit
Uo
ill
"
Ul
3.2. Instrumentation
U6
3.3. Experiments
i+8
3.3.1. Steady conditions measurements
U9
3.3.2. Measurement of transient flow velocities
5I
3.3.3. High speed camera photographic study of water-colomn

separation
56
3.3.i+. Experimental evaluation of the elastic behaviour of .

the pipe wall material
3.3.5. Transient conditions
57
62
4
Chapter
Page
h. COMPARISON OF EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATED RESULTS

USING CLASSICAL WATER-HAMffiR CALCULATIONS
63
k.^.
63
Schematization of the Pipe System
1+.2. Choice of Input Data for the Programme HOZ
6k
h.3.
Investigated Conditions
65
k.k.
Comparison of Experimental Measurements and Calculated Re-
65
sults
k.^.
Photographic Study of Water-Column Separation during Transients in the Horizontal Pipe
67
U.6. Significant Findings
7^
5. NEW MTHErÂTICAL MODEL
, 7 6
5.1. Finite Difference Solution
77
6. TRANSIENTS RESULTING FROM CLOSURE OF THE VALVE AT THE UPSTREAM

END OF THE HORIZONTAL PIPE
6.1. Typical Experimental Test
80
'
80
6.2. Schenatization of the Line
80
6.3- Choice of Input Data for the Programme HZD
80 .
6.h.
Comparison of Experimental Measurements and Calculated Results
85

END OF THE SIPHON
89
7.1. Typical Experimental Tests
89
7.2. Schematization of the Line
92
7.3. Choice of Input Data for the Programme WHN
92
7.*+. Comparison of Experimental Measurements and Calculated Results
9^

END OF THE CONDENSER SYSTEM
97
8.1. Typical Experimental Tests
97
8.2. Schematization of the Condenser Configuration
98
8.3. Choice of Input Data for the Programme WCN
98
8.U. Comparison of Experimental ^teasurements and Calculated Results

9. CONCLUSIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
IQl
108
112
5
Chapter
^î
APPENDIX
A Digital Calculations of Velocities from Photo-Analyzer Data
II9
B On the Pipe Wall Deformation
122
C Numerical Calculations for Transients in a Horizontal Line

Based on Method of Characteristics
125
D Numerical Calculations for Transients in a Horizontal Line

Based on the New Mathematical Model
129
E Numerical Calculations for Transients in the Siphon System

133
F Numerical Calculations for Transients in the Condenser System

135
G List of Experimental Measurements Data
130
VITA
139
ABSTRACT
1 Uo
PART II
LIST OF FIGURES
8
11+
9
LIST OF FIGURES (cont'd)
Page_Ul,
View of water filter
^1
Condenser model
^2
View of the condenser model support in a vertical

position
^+3
View of the condenser model support in a horizontal

position
kk
View of the intrumentation
^5
Schematic diagram of instrumentation set
^+6
View of the mounting of a pressure transducer
^7
View of induction flow-meter
^+8
Schematic diagram showing principle of pressure
measure-
ments and their recording on the recorders and the scope ^9

Steady conditions points of measurement
50
Steady friction factor in the pipe
51
Measured valve resistance for different opening positions at steady flow conditions
52
Photographic system arrangement
53
Typical frames of the film
5^+
Co-ordinates systems used for calculations of ball displacement and time for transient flow velocity measurement using the photographic method
55
Schematic diagram of induction flowmeter
56
Experimental measurements during test used for comparison of the photographic and induction system for
velocity measurements
57
Transient flow velocity changes using the photographic

and induction systems
58
Photographic arrangement
59
Transient pressure changes resulting from linear closure of the valve in 1 second for a steady flow
velocity of 1 m/s
6o
10
Figure
U3
Page (ll!
View of the tangential and axial strain gauges cemented

on the outside surface of the pipe at location PTp
(Fig. 1+2)
1+1+
61
Strains at the outside surface of the pipe at location PT
during transients resulting from linear
closure of the valve in 1 second for a steady flow

velocity of 1 m/s
1+5
62
An oscilloscope record (redrawn) showing the pressure P^ and the circumferential strain e ^ at loca2
tion PT
c2
(Fig. 1+2), during the transient test whose
results are shown in Fig. kh.
Triggering time of the
scope = 1.1+ second. See T-T in Fig. 1+1+

1+6
63
Strains at the outside surface of the pipe at location PT
during transients resulting from linear
closure of the valve in 2 seconds for a steady flow

velocity of 1 m/s
1+7
Transient pressure changes at PT
61+
(Fig. 1+2) resul-
ting from sudden closure of the auxiliary valve (at

downstream end of the pipe) for steady flow velocities in the pipe of 0.5 and 0.75 m/s
65
1+8
Data sheet
66
1+9
Schematisation of the horizontal line system
67
50
Definition sketch showing space-time grid used for

computer programmes
51
Principle of linear interpolation used to obtain

valve resistance during its closure
52
69
Definition sketch showing space-time grid for the

valve boundary condition used for computer programmes
53
68
70
Definition sketch showing space-time grid for the low

level water reservoir boundary condition used for computer programmes
5I+
71
Comparison of calculated and measured results for test

number 6101+
Y2
"\
11
Figure
55
'
Page (II)
Comparison of calculated and measured results for test

number 6155
56
73
Transient pressure changes resulting from closure of

the valve in about 1.7 second for a steady flow velocity of 1 m/s
57
7^
Different frames of the high speed film showing water

column separation at the valve
75
58
Finite difference approximation principle
77
59
Space-time grid for finite difference solution using

the new mathematical model
60
78
Example of a measurement used for determination of

dynamic valve resistances
79
61
Dynamic resistance of valve during closure
80
62
View of arrangement used to visualise small bubbles

in the pipe
81
63
Analytical prediction of celerity in bubble and stratified flow regimes (line l ) , in annular and dispersed flow regimes (line II) |2l|
61+
Principle of determination of momentum loss coefficient "c" using logarithmic decrement procedures
65
87
Comparison of experimental measurements and calculated results for test number 6105
70
86
Comparison of experimental measurements and calculated results for test number 610I+
69
85
Comparison of experimental measurements and calculated results for test number 6156
68
8^+
Comparison of experimental measurements and calculated results for test number 6l55
67
83
Comparison of experimental measurements and calculated results for test number 615I+
66
82
88
Comparison of experimental measurements and calculated results for test number 6l06
89
12
Figure
71
^^Se_(_Il2
Experimental transient pressures and velocity changes
during test number 80OI
72
90
Experimental transient pressure and velocity changes

during test number 8OO5
91
73
View of water column separation at top of the siphon
92
7I+
Comparison of experimental and calculated results for

test number 8008
75
' 93

test number 8011
76
9^

test number 8016
77

test number 8018
78
95

test number 2031+
79
98

during test number I80
81
97

test number 20l+3
80
96
99

during test number 181
100
82
View of water column separation at top of the condenser
101
83
Schematic diagram of the condenser system for numerical

calculations
81+
Condenser resistance versus flow velocity in the main

pipe (measured under steady flow conditions)
85
103

test number C3063
86
102
IOI+

test number C306I+
105
13
LIST OF FIGURES
(cont'd)
Page_Ul]
test number C3065
"
''0^

test number C2019
107

test number CI003
108

test number CÔ'^h
109

test number C6l09
110
Comparison of m-'-asurenents of test numrer C509lt (a condenser system) with measurements of test number 80l8
(siphon system)
11 1

test number CyO')^ (based of a siphon schematization)
112

during test number C6l09 (based on a siphon schematization )
113

during test numVier C6l07 (based on a siphon schematization )
1 ll+
Page_[ll]
PDV
Digital Calculations of Velocities from Photo-Analyzer

Data
HOZ
Numerical Computations for Transients in a Horizontal

Line Based on Method of Characteristics
HZD
123
Numerical Computations for Transients in the Siphon

System Based on the New Mathematical Model
WON
117
Numerical Computations for Transients in a Horizontal

Line Based on the New Mathematical Model
WHN
115
131
Numerical Computations for Transients in the Condenser

System Based on the New Mathematical Model
ll+3
Listing of Modifications in Computer Programme WHN
157
CONDENSER
UPSTREAM
\
DOWNSTREAM
-Î \PUMP
^CHECK VALVE
-0-
STRAINER
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A TYPICAL COOLING WATER SYSTEM

OF A THERMAL POWER PLANT
FIG. 1
17
HYDRAULIC GRADELINE
PIPE WALL
("f^^) 0'lf-)(-f'^)
DATUM
CONTROL VOLUME USED FOR THE CONTINUITY EQUATION

FIG. 2
18
HYDRAULIC GRADELINE
T^ nD6x
PIPE WALL
H
"/ PA5xg
PAîf^^x
'V.
(^*fH(^*t-)^f^^)f^^lf-)
,dP5x)dA_sx
dx
2/dx
DATUM
CONTROL VOLUME USED FOR THE MOMENTUM EQUATION

FIG. 3
19
t
i
-^x
CHARACTERISTIC
CURVES ON THE x-t

FIG. 4
PLANE
t*2/]t i
t*^t
<{>
CHARACTERISTIC LINES ON x-t

FIG. 5
GRID
21
i)
ti-^t
t
-X
(x = 0)
CHARACTERISTIC AT LEFT
END
CHARACTERISTIC AT RIGHT
CHARACTERISTIC LINES AT BOUNDARY

CONDITIONS ON x-t GRID
FIG. 6
(x=L)
END
t*Jt
Hs
Hres
Hr
Hv
SURGE PRESSURE
RESERVOIR
RAREFACTION
VAPOUR
Hs
Hre.
Hr
Hv
x=0
4
STEREOGRAM SHOWING SEQUENCE
(WATER HAMMER
2_L
4
M.
x=0
OF EVENTS FOR TWO PERIODS
AFTER SUDDEN CLOSURE OF A VALVE AT UPSTREAM
ONLY)
FIG. 7a
END OF A PIPE
p
1 H
-Vo
At
x=0
U
- . - . - .
* Vo
//
r"i
-Vo
XrM.
4
"
* Vo
rm
. </
r-i
-Vo
-H
LLLLLJ
* Vo
* H
rrr
-Vo
3L
-H
* Vo
-^
LLL
*^
lU
11
r-i
~i'ir
Hi
fl-T"!
IIII 1
ILU
1 1
llllllll
1/
TT T
^0
x =L
TT 1 T
* Vo
1
2L
a
1
4L
a
,
6L
a
4'
2L
a
1
4L
a
, __l
SL
L_^
IL t
Vo
N-
x=o
2L
4
31
4
H
PRESSURE AND VELOCITY CHANGES AT DIFFERENT LOCATIONS DURING TWO PERIODS
FOLLOWING SUDDEN CLOSURE OF A VALVE AT THE UPSTREAM END OF A PIPE-LINE
( WATER HAMMER ONLY)
FIG. 7 b
aVo
K3
Hs
Hres
Hr
Hy
SURGE PRESSURE
RESERVOIR PRESSURE
RAREFACTION PRESSURE
VAPOUR PRESSURE
VALVE
END
x=Q
STEREOGRAM SHOWING
(WATER HAMMER-WATER
_L
4
SEQUENCE
COLUMN
2L
4
OF EVENTS FOR ONE
SEPARATION)
JL
4
PERIOD
x=L
AFTER
FIG. 8 a
SUDDEN
RESERVOIR
END
CLOSURE OF A VALVE AT UPSTREAM
END
OF A PIPE
Vo^2.6v
V^3v
Vo=2.8v
P
X--0
J
J
dl
1
fes^
1I
x-.-k
X-.2.L
mnj
uTJin
TO
TTTT
X=L
X--0
Vo^3.4v
1^0= 3.P f
-i
I
I
1
I
I
D
IJl]
imn"
TTTT
r
I
>
uJ
1
^
.2L
4
X= L
'
_r L
- ^ K,
PRESSURE AND VELOCITY CHANGES AT DIFFERENT LOCATIONS DURING THE FIRST
PERIOD FOLLOWING SUDDEN CLOSURE OF A VALVE AT THE UPSTREAM END OF A
PIPE LINE
(WATER HAMMER-WATER COLUMN SEPARATION)
FIG 8 b
PTl
DXh
x=0
PT2
PT3
2L
4
PZf
"v-T
PT5
10
0\
26
-tx-
PHASE 1
HORIZONTAL LINE
PHASE 2
SIPHON SYSTEM
-M-
mn
HX-
PHASE 3
CONDENSER SYSTEM
THREE PHASES OF THE INVESTIGATION

FIG. 9
27
FIG. 10 VIEW OF THE EXPERIMENTAL MODEL

1 PLEXIGLASS PIPE
2 HIGH LEVEL WATER RESERVOIR
3 LOW LEVEL WATER RESERVOIR
5 RETURN PIPE
7 WATER SUMP
9 HIGH LEVEL RESERVOIR OVERFLOW
(NUMBERS ARE THE SAME AS THOSE
APPEARING IN FIG. 11 )
00
QK
13
-txi-^
10
01
^ '"'{Il^
r^xj
iXH,-'-
H^
8. PUMP
r. HORIZONTAL PLEXIGLASS PIPE

2. HIGH LEVEL WATERRESERVOIR
9. HIGH LEVEL RESERVOIR OVERFLOW

10. VALVE ON THE DELIVERY SIDE OF THE PUMP
3. LOW LEVEL WATERRESERVOIR

4.
11. AUXILIARY VALVE
VALVE AND VALVE STEERING MECHANISM
5. RETURN PIPE
12. WATER FILTER
6. V NOTCH WEIR
13 VACUUM PUMP
7. WATER SUMP
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF THE EXPERIMENTAL MODEL FLOW CIRCUIT

FIG. 11
29
X
(1) HORIZONTAL LINE
'
M
(2) SIPHON SYSTEM
r^-
M
rJM
Pi AN IN DIRECTION
CONDENSER SYSTEM (VERTICAL CONDENSER)
N- N
rr~n
13)-JI CONDENSER SYSTEM (HORIZONT*! CONDENSER)
EXPERIMENTAL MODEL ARRANOEMENTS FOR

DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE INVES' GATION
FIG. 12
30
FIG.13 VIEW OF THE MEANS OF SUPPORT

OF THE PLEXIGLASS PIPE
PLEXIGLASS PIPE
BRACKET
SUPPORT STRUCTURE
PLEXIGLASS PIPE
31
PLEXIGLASS
SUPPORT OF
PLEXIGLASS PIPE
BEND
LOW LEVEL
WATER RESERVOIR
DOWNSTREAM END OF THE PLEXIGLASS PIPE
CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF SOME

PARTS OF THE MODEL
FIG. 14
32
JL
-2.0 m
/ni'TiFiTimmTffJii
, 'KTi7l'nh"nnTi7iii
i|iilT|7i|
Ml."
FUNNEL
'I'llliii'
Ml iflil'i
-'ll
'Hl'l'i"'
I.Wiil
l,'l'
TO SUMP
S",'fiiJjftJI'MII
noiiiiilC-
TO PLEXI-
GLASS
^PIP
-0.0 m
I I
FROM PUMP
EX
'SLt~l
'
HIGH
LEVEL
WATER RESERVOIR
FIG. 15
33
FROM PLEXI
GLASS PIPE
LOW LEVEL WATER RESERVOIR

FIG. 16
34
FIG.17 VIEW OF VALVE AND ITS SERVO-MOTOR
PLEXIGLASS PIPE
BALL VALVE
ANGULAR POSITION TRANSDUCER
4 MOTOR
5
HIGH LEVEL WATER RESERVOIR
35
FIG 18 VIEW OF THE SPECIALLY BUILT

ELECTRICAL FUNCTION GENERATOR
1 DIGITAL VOLTMETER
2 VOLTAGE STEPS SELECTORS
3 TIME STEPS SELECTORS
36
ANGULAR POSriON
OF THE VALVE
a
90^
VALVE
CLOSED
TWO DIFFERENT
EXAMPLES
VALVE
OPEN
TO
TC- TIME OF CLOSURE
VALVE CLOSING CHARACTERISTICS

(ANGULAR POSITION - TIME)
FIG. 19 a
- i ^ ^ time
(0.4-5sec)
37
Ag EFFECTIVE
OPENING AREA
av. ANGLE AT WHICH VALVE IS CLOSED
zzzzzz
?
. 'S
777777
^//////
rcos Or
AgJ(Ucosa)
% -- 2
r2sin-1(]/l-(yl-1)tan^
tan-''
-|-;1- [s/nar^l/f^
.i),]/^!^-1)
v^r:72'
Ae/Ao 10
r= 50mm
R = 76,5 mm
O.S
\
0.0
JO
50
90
I
EFFECTIVE AREA RELATION WITH ANGLE OF

CLOSURE FOR THE BALL VALVE
FIG.19b
ot
tan^ SL "I
Electronic
function
generator.
, buffer-ampl. i
' gain var.0-1 [
ext. stajt
:~n
Icombined operational
lerror-ampljgain v a r . l - I )
Direct-current voltage
Bource.
I power amplifier i
I with adjustable '
tachogenerator
'
'Lfeedback.
^
*,
00
S.E.N, type
AS 1415
max. power 3 IcW.
Direct current voltage

source.
perm, magnet d.c. j
printed motor; CE.KL
type MF I9/5602O
,
"max = ^500 rpm.
|
nom.torque 0,32 kgm. 1
i_ma2._tQrgue. 2,^ JtgniAJ
I buffer-ampl. {
[gain var.0-1 i
A9>Tacho-generat oj^
TV/lOOO rpm
-0*^-
Direct-current voltage
source.
Ball detector
(on pipe lin^
10
pree
Gear box
36:1
servo pree, pot.m.ltum.

Speetrol mod.400 5k
turn.
p^t.m
Balli valve
actuates
etart/etop switch
(see above)
Actuator,
manual start.
PRINCIPLE OF ELECTRIC CIRCUIT OF THE FUNCTION GENERATOR
FIG. 20
<x
39
a
VALVE
CLOSED
90
lOV
l\JY
r
^Z^^^^^^'^
1 //
1 /
r~ /
-
r
1
V~7
1 /
1/
i
^v,
VALVE OPEN
\
^^ ^
CHOICE OF VOLTAGE AND TIME
STEPS
FOR THE FUNCTION GENERATOR TO

OBTAIN A REQUIRED VALVE
CLOSING CHARACTERISTIC
FIG. 21
40
FIG.22 VIEW OF VACUUM PUMP IN OPERATION

1 VACUUM POMP
2 MOTOR
3
SWITCHES
41
FIG.23 VIEW OF WATER FILTER
1 WATER FILTER
2
CIRCULATING PUMP
3 MOTOR
4
WATER SUMP
xsPOSS/BLE PRESSURE MEASUREMENT POINTS
CONDENSER MODEL
FIG. 24
43
FIG. 25 VIEW OF THE CONDENSER MODEL SUPPORT IN A VERTICAL POSITION
1 UPPERSTREAM WATER-BOX
2
DOWNSTREAM WATER-BOX
CONDENSER TUBES
CONNECTIONS TO VACUUM PUMP
44
GUI
IN
FIG. 26 VIEW OF THE CONDENSER MODEL SUPPORT IN A HORIZONTAL POSITION
1 UPPERSTREAM WATER-BOX
2 DOWNSTREAM WATER-BOX
3 CONDENSER TUBES
45
FIG.27 VIEW OF THE INSTRUMENTATION
1 OSCILLOSCOPE
2 RECORDERS
3
CHARGE AMPLIFIERS
ACTUATOR (STARTING CLOSURE OF THE VALVE)
A,B,C,T)
see Fig. 2^
PT, VA
time
signal
PT
PT
5
J$L
5v5
25 mm,
PT.
PT.
lp.
5vS
25 mm.
PT
J^
5v=
25 ram.
PT
PT
PT,
pot.m.
Jp.
5v=
25 mm.
5v=
15 mm.
PT^
PT
PT
PT
PT
induction
flowmeter
[^
5vS
25 mm.
5v=
5v5
25 mm,
^v
25 mm.
[^
5vS
25 mm.
1.38V
2 0 rni*
4) > 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^4) 4 4^ 4 4^
RECORDER 1.
RECORDER 2.
PT
KISTLER PIZO PRESSURETRANSDCER type 4IOB ( l - 6 ) j 6O3I (7 and 8)
JSi
KISTLER CHARGE AIÎPLIFIER t y p e 5001j 5O4M5, 5O4.
SIMENS AMPLIFIER A 298-A2
SIEMENS GALVO type M 290-A2
pot.m.potentiometer
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF INSTRUMENTATION SET
FIG. 28
time
signal
47
FIG. 29 VIEW OF THE MOUNTING OF A PRESSURE TRANSDUCER

(FLUSH WITH THE INNER FACE OF THE PIPE)
1 PIEZOELECTRIC PRESSURE TRANSDUCER
2
CONNECTING CABLE ( TO CHARGE AMPLIFIER )
MOISTURE PROTECTOR
PLEXIGLASS PIPE
48
FIG.30 VIEW OF INDUCTION FLOWMETER
1
2
3
4
MAGNETIC COIL
ELECTRODES ( IN-SIDE THE PIPE )
PREAMPLIFIER
PHASE DEMODULATOR
5 OSCILLATOR
f2
I
Uj ki
o.
o Co
to
t Lu
Lu
Cfc
O.
lO
Lu
O. Ci
Co
Lu
ci:
O.
co
S
co
I
co
IH
ti
-p ca
SS"
r-\ u a
<D - P f H
00
ca
o m. "^
co ca 0)
(U 0}
ft
ft ft +^
+=
o o
<! +=
o
FH
CH
f*)
cd
LL
'l-4
'2-3
.1
\Ph
PTi
-\k-^
i Ph
\Ph
CLOSED
a: 90
a
J OfrO
OPEN
STEADY CONDITIONS POINTS OF
FIG. 32
MEASUREMENTS
ix\-
:H.
51
0.034
KAr-tr'i
O 033
ij
i /Al 1 ir c
ini-n
#/t. /lowiTci/
o . i nn-rn
. . . -.
aiarr
rirc
omuuin
ryii.utô
/OCCCaChinO
Tceil
int.rtrtot/i^.^
0.032
0.031
co
0.030 \ \
0.029
co
0.028
0.027
^
\
0.026
0.025
+
%
\ \
\
0.024
.N
\
0.023
0.022
N
k
0.021
0.020
+
^
' S,^
's,^
0.019
'..
f>"k^
^ *>
0.018
> ^
' -^'..._
.'*r
--+
0.017
0.016
0.1 0.2
0.3 0.4 0.5
0.6 0.7 0.8
0.9
1.0 1.1. 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
^ STEADY VELOCITY IN PIPE (m/s)
STEADY FRICTION FACTOR IN THE PIPE
FIG. 33
3.0
o
co
o
1
2.5
l
2.0
1.5
=
/
/
1.0
(^
4.0
o
co
J^l
>^
^
^
0.5
/
-0.5
-1.0
;
5
I1
3.5
0.0
3.0
2.5
((
15
30
45
60
75
2.0
90
-*- VALVE ANGULAR POSITION
MEASURED VALVE RESISTANCE FOR DIFFERENT OPENING

POSITIONS AT STEADY FLOW CONDITIONS
FIG. 34
34.3m
1. VALVE AND VALVE STEERING MECHAHISH
7. GLASS PLATE
2. RECORDER
8. TIME BASE MOTOR
3. AMPLIFIER-RELAY COMBINATION
9. HIGH SPEED CAMERA
4. BALL INJECTOR
10. INDUCTION FLOWMETER
5. PHOTOCELLS DETECTOR RING
11. PRESSURE TRANSDUCER
6. ILLUMINATION LAMPS
PHOTOGRAPHIC SYSTEM ARRANGEMENT
FIG, 35
ELECTRICAL SIGNAL
POINT OF PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
i^
V4P
POINT OF VELOCITY MEASUREMENT

(USING INDUCTION FLOWMETER)
POINT OF VELOCITY MEASUREMENT
(USING PHOTOGRAPHIC SYSTEM)
FIG. 36 TYPICAL FRAMES OF THE FILM. (NUMBERS SHOWN ON

THE FIGURE GIVE THE SEQUENTIAL FRAME NUMBER, Rj AND R^
ARE REFERENCE POINTS).
PHOTO'ANALYZER
SCREEN
CO-ORDINATES SYSTEMS USED FOR CALCULATIONS OF

BALL DISPLACEMENT AND TIME FOR TRANSIENT FLOW
VELOCITY MEASUREMENT USING THE PHOTOGRAPHIC METHOD
FIG. 37
*tS y
24V
1. MAGNETIC COIL
4. PHASE DEMODULATOR
5. OSCILLATOR
2. ELECTRODES
3. PREAMPLIFIER
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF INDUCTION FLOWMETER
FIG. 38
TQ RECORDEU
^STARTING OF VAL\
'E CLO SURE
X'
VALVE
CLOSED
^
VALVE
OPEN
1
1
^^
- ^
/I A
1
V ?\
' j \cJK J V
AJ hi
PI
' ^
^ ,
P2
" "
P3
i./l
fl
(1
-A
/ - ^
/r
0.0
\ /
0.0
N /
^'^
r
PTj
pu
k/ r- V^^\ , ,
PTg
\]0J,
's.nrt
v^p î
- i
m/s
^7^
iO^
v\
/
V4
11
4 s,V JsI
P4
IV.
1.22.
O'? * AH
34.3 m
40 m
LJ
-T
- '
TIME
1cm - 0,193 second
1cm .30 degrees
1cm =
lOm(WATER)
1cm '
0,45m/s
TIME SCALE
ANGULAR POSITION OF THE VALVE.SCALE
PRESSURE SCALE
VELOCITY SCALE
EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS DURING TEST

PHOTOGRAPHIC AND INDUCTION SYSTEMS
FIG. 39
USED FOR COMPARISON OF THE
FOR VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS.
-2.2S
UI
00
-1.8
-1.3S
-0.9
-4.5
//
\/
/ /
0.0
//
/ /
*a45
4
*0.9
.-
*1.35
^^ ^
/\
/
/ /
/ /^
f
iV
/
//
70/
'A,
)i
1
e ""
r^
N^,
"^^
\ /
VVy
y. y
y
*1.8
VELOCITY
(m/s)
*2.2S
oQ
1.930
0.965
2.895
3.660
-^
INDUCTION FLOWMETER RESULTS

PHOTOGRAPHIC SYSTEM RESULTS
TRANSIENT FLOW VELOCITY CHANGES USING THE

PHOTOGRAPHIC AND INDUCTION SYSTEMS.
FIG. 40
TIME(s)
59
t
ELECTRICAL SIGNAL
1.
VALVE AND STEERING MECHANISM
2.
RECORDER
3.
ACTUATOR
4.
ILLUMINATION LAMPS
GLASS PLATE
6.
TIME BASE-MOTOR
7.
HIGH SPEED CAMERA
PRESSURE TRANSDUCER
PLEXIGLASS PIPE
PHOTOGRAPHIC ARRANGEMENT
FIG. 41
10C.PS. TIME SIGNAL
VALVE
OPEN
FIG. 42
-^TIME(s)
Transient pressure changes resulting from closure of the valve ' in 1 second for a steady flow velocity of 1 m/s.
Results are redrawn from the recorder records.
P, P2 5 Pg are pressure changes at locations PT , FT , PT .
The time axis is based on the recorder speed an the 10 c?p.s. time signal should be used for accurate values of
time.
61
FIG 43 VIEW OF THE TANGENTIAL AND AXIAL STRAIN GAGES CEMENTED ON THE OUTSIDE SURFACE OF THE PIPE AT LOCATION PT2 (FIG.42). THE PIEZO ELECTRIC PRESSURE TRANSDUCER APPEARS IN THE PICTURE
,/f
.10 C.P.S. TIME SIGNAL
11 1
11 11 1
11
1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1
r\
10m
(WATER)
/
,
Pi
\->
P2
^J
Jrr,
200^
^C2
MICROSTRAIN
/\\
-IfiL
J, L L iul
A V.
jf
M^.
Vy '-'^^V
f
" 1
/ ^
^l
y'
/" \
1
1
y N,\
/ \
J 1/
JA 1 7
J A LA V J
1\
\ _
/
'
''
I
/
v,^^
to
T-T SEE FIG. 45
\ ^
1 1 1 11 1
I^
A.
\
U\
,^
'vr
/^ ,
^ \ ,
j ^
^s^
^
<-* j ^
^^
^^v.
\s,:
^X2
90 -
VALVE
OPEN^
DE
0.0
^ 1
s ^
^-
=^
^"^
^^
1.0
MLVE CLCtSED
2.0
FIG. 44
3.0
4.0
TIME(s)
Strain s at the outside surface of the pipe at location FT during transients resulting from linear closure of the
valve in 1 second for a steady flow velocity of 1 m/s.
Result s are redrawn from recorder records.
are pressure changes at locations PT
1' FT and ^c2' ^x2 ^^^ ^^^ circumferential and the axial strains at location^
P+' ^2
(F ig. 42). The time axis is based on the recorder speed and the 10 c.p.s. time signal should be used for accurate
values of time.
-"
10 m I
(WATER)
- ' - ~ ^
200 \
MICROSTRAIN^
s.
\
\
/ /
^
STEADY-FLOW PRESSURE
' AT PT2
{^STEADY-FLOW
/"
CIRCUMFERENTIAL STRAIN
AT PT2
/
/
. ^
1.4 1.42 1.44 1.46 1.48 1.5 1,52 1.54 1.56 1.58 1.6
'^TIME (s)
An oscilloscope record (redrawn) showing the pressure P and the circumferential
strain_e^2 ^^ location PTj (Fig. 42), during the transient test whose results are
shown in Fig. 44. Triggering time of the scope =1.4 second. T-T in Fig. 44
FIG. 45
10C.PS. TIMESIGNAL
1 1 /
1 11 11 11 11 11
1 1
10m
(WATER)
1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
11
1 11
f\
H
1
Pi
/ \
\
P2
200
^C2
\a2\
J
A, /N
^X2
k/1
J *
f\ A V r\
MICRO^STRAIN-
/ \
\J
>
N/
r ^ .^
- ^
^ ^
^~^
^ - ^
'
^ ^
v^
^v
= ^
"'"^-^^
90-
^ ^
^yALVE CLOSE 1
.
^ ^
VALVE
OPEN
: ^ ^
^ ^
GO
/.O
2.0
3.0
4.0
-^TIME(s)
strains at the outside surface of the pipe at location PT2 during transients resulting from closure of the valve in
? seconds for a steady flow velocity of 1 m/s. Results are redrawn from recorder records.
Fi , Po are pressure changes at locations PT;^, PT2 and e^2-> ^x2 ^r^^ the circumferential and the axial strains at lo(Fig. 42).
cation PT2 (Fig.
42),
The time axis is based on the recorder speed and the 10 c.p.s. time signal should be used for accurate values of time,
FIG. 46
10C.PS. TIMESIGNAL
1- 1 1
1 1 1 ^l
r-
1-
1 11
\
\
JP
Ps
11
1 11 1 1 1 1 1 .1 1 1 1 11 1 11 1
1 1
/I
J\I
J 1i
'1
1r
11
I 1
^
/
10m
(WATER)
-i
j
J
jL '
1^
A/
1
1
Vo=015m/s
/
/
\
Kf
/ " S^
Xy
/^\
,^^
.,^_
^>
\
\
\
T
T
JP
Ps
/I
I 11
iji
1
1
/ VQ=0.5m/s
IL
/ ^ \
\
\
/
\
/ ^ /
/ ^
,-^
v^
'/OC.iPS. r/ MEStI6NAL
1 1 1 \^
^
11
11
1 11 1
0.2second
J 1
1 1 11
11
11 1 1 1
TIME
Transient pressure changes at PT^ (Fig. 42) resulting from sudden closure of the auxiliary valve (at downstream
end ot the pipe) for steady velocities in the pipe, of 0.5 and 0.75 m/s.
FIG. 47
DATA SHEET
Xh
DATE:
AIR TEMPERATURE:
BAROMETER READING:
WATER TEMPERATURE:
"C
mmHG
"C
STEADY CONDITIONS:
HIGH LEVEL RESERVOIR:
LOW LEVEL RESERVOIR :
LEVEL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO RESERVOIRS:
V NOTCH READING :
STEADY VELOCITY IN THE PLEXIGLASS PIPE :
VALVE CLOSURE :
TIME OF CLOSURE :
TYPE OF CLOSURE :
RECORDERS DATA :.
PRESSURE SCALE
VELOCITY SCALE
PAPER SPEED
OSCILLOSCOPE DATA :
UPPER CHANNEL
SCALE
LOWER CHANNEL
SCALE
TRIGGERING TIME
SWEEP TIME :
REMARKS:
H,
-o<^
'o'
'o
H,
T:
*- V
o 2g
SCHEMATISATION OF THE HORIZONTAL LINE SYSTEM
FIG. 49
00
MF
i
1
^<
NM
p
R
fH
NS. MS
NQ MQ
t=0
x=0
NR.MR
JX
M=1
Nzl 2
x=L
x-t
PLANE
10 NF=11 x
GRID TERMINOLOGY FOR COMPUTER PROGRAMS

DEFINITION SKETCH SHOWING SPACE-TIME
GRID USED FOR COMPUTER PROGRAMS.
FIG. 50
PRINCIPLE OF LINEAR INTERPOLATION USED TO

OBTAIN VALVE RESTISTANCES DURING ITS CLOSURE
FIG. 51
p
\
N.M
\
\
,
N
\
\
\
\ NS.MS
'
x=0
N:1
Up
H,
HUVO
^P
l(t)
Hu
H(N.M)
i-
V(N.M)
ZZ(M)
CASE OF NO VOID AT THE VALVE
W.
Im
N=2
'^
CASE OF A VAPOUR VOID AT THE VALVE
VBL.^
IPl
H(N,M)-PV
VBR
ZZ(M)

GRID FOR THE VALVE BOUNDARY CONDITION
USED FOR COMPUTER PROGRAMS.
FIG. 52
:-'{~v.''
'
N.M
~7
c\''
/
/
NR.MR
x=i
NzNF
V(N,M)
H(N.M)
GRID FOR THE LOW LEVEL WATER RESERVOIR
CONDITION USED FOR COMPUTER PROGRAMS.
FIG. 53
72
EXPMES-V--1.G
TC--2..00
PG
PRESSURE
G14
VELOCITY
HLONG
LINE
CALCULHTED
M/SEC
MEASURED
SEC
p (N-ic;
V (N-^J
^ . M ^ ' - ' ^ l i j - J l ^ j ' ^ ^ n .ij-b"! i ^ T > , ^ - l , r ^
VELeC.'TT
*^'<^"
1CM-- C i
M/3EC .
V6
-wC.C'LI
C.4C1
C.^C
i,20
I,']:'
r.. cu
2.4C
T!Mf"
F/6. 54 COMPARISON OF CALCULATED AND
MEASURED RESULTS FOR TEST NUMBER 6104
3 . J
IN
SF.CCNDS
l.GC
PRESSURE ^ VELOCITY flL ONG LINE

73
EXPMES- 6155
CRLCULflTED
V0=.75 M/SEC
MEASURED
TC=1.G0 SEC
Pi
P2
P4
Ps
0
N= 1
1
U
2
12
4
16
20
6
24
28
8
32
9
36
10
. I
Vfl
-^
0.00
0.40
0.80
1.20
^0 METERS
SCRLES;
PRESSURES
1CM=10
VELOCITY
ICM^ 0.5 M/SEC
M.W.C.
V8
1.60
2.00
2.40
TIME
FIG. 55 COMPARISON OF CALCULATED AND
MEASURED RESULTS FOR TEST NUMBER 6155
2.50
3.20
IN SECONDS
3.GO
10CPS. TIMESIGNAL
VALVE
OPEN
0.0
1.0
2.0
4.0
Transient pressure changes resulting from the closure of the valve in about 1.7 s. for a steady flow velocity of
1 m/s. Results are redrawn from recorder records.
' ^1 ^2' ^3 ^"'^ P4 s^s pressure changes at locations PT^, PT2, PT3, PT4.
The time axis is based on the recorder speed and the 10 c.p.s. time signal should be used for accurate values of time,
FIG. 56
II
12
13
17
18
I 9
110
111
112
113
lU
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
I2Z
[^fl
r"
1
^^1
^^H
LMI^MHI
TC=^1.2s
Ha = 1.12m
^Vo=1m/s
-L = 46m
DIFFERENT FRAMES OF THE HIGH SPEED FILM SHOWING

WATER COLUMN SEPARATION AT THE VALVE
00
FIG. 57
Hb=0.5m
77
(Xi.tf*Jt)
1
(X.-JX.ti)
'3
4
(x,.t,)
(Xi*^X.ti)
' '5
(Xj.ti-Jt)
FINITE DIFFERENCE APPROXIMATION PRINCIPLE

FIG. 58
00
t *Jt o
t -^t
SPACE-TIME GRID SCHEME FOR FINITE
DIFFERENCE
SOLUTION USING THE NEW MATHEMATICAL MODEL
FIG. 59
79
O VELOCITY Vi
0.49
0.98
147
1.96
2.45
2.94
3.43
3.92
'^TIME(s)
EXAMPLE OF A MEASUREMENT USED FOR

DETERMINATION OF DYNAMIC VALVE RESISTANCES
FIG. 60
80
Uj 10
10"
8
6
STEADY FLOW
5to
p'
UJ
Cfc
UJ
:^
* 5102
VO'ljO m/sec ; TC = 4.0
t 5052
.. :12
..
; .. =4.0
A 5176
.. .-0.75 ..
: .. =1.0
O 5178
zO.75 .,
: .. =0.5
a 5071
=1.2 ..
: .. =1.0
- j
10
to
t2>
to
ld
10"
8
6
8
6
4
S
10'
8
6
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.1
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
^VALVE ANGLE (degree)
DYNAMIC RESISTANCE OF VALVE DURING CLOSURE
FIG 61
to
10' 5
8
6
0.2
UI
10
81
FIG. 62 VIEW OF ARRANGEMENT USED TO VISUALISE SMALL BUBLES IN THE PIPE

1 PLEXIGLASS PIPE
2 PLEXIGLASS WATER BOX
3 SEAL
4 DRAIN CONNECTION
82
AIR-WATER .P= 25 psia
1.0
\
1
0.2
0.4
0.6
J
1
0.8
1.0
^ VOID FRACTION, et
CELERITY IN
TWO PHASE
CELERITY IN
GAS
ANALYTICAL PREDICTION OF CELERITY IN BUBBLE

AND STRATIFIED FLOW REGIMES f LINE I) ,IN
ANNULAR AND DROPLET DISPERSED FLOW
REGIMES (LINE 11) [2lJ
FIG. 63
/ny^'-T-''
PRINCIPLE OF DETERMINATION OF MOMENTUM LOSS COEFFICIEHT c

USING LOGARITHMIC DECREMENT PROCEDURES
FIG. 64
00
84
PRESSURE Sr VELOCITY RLONG LINE
EXPMES= 615^
CflLCULflTED
V-0.75 M/SEC
MEASURED
TC=:2.00 SEC
p (N^n
Ps
P IN=4)
P5
p (N=9;
Pe
P (NÎO)
V (N=2)
0
N= 1
L.
4
2
J
9
1
12
4
16
20
6
_l
24
29
3
l_
Vfl
0.40
40 METERS
SCRLES-
PRESSURES
1CM=10
VELBCITT
1CH= 0.5 M/SEC-
M.W.C.
V8
^
0.00
32 3S
9 10
0.3Q
1.20
^
1 .50
2.00
FIG. 65 COMPARISON OF EXPERIMENTAL AND

CALCULATED RESULTS FOR TEST NUMBER 6154
2.40
TIME
2.30
3.20
IN SECONDS
3.50
PRESSURE ^ VELOCITY
EXPMES= 6155
V = 0 . 7 5 M/SEC
T C = 1 . 0 0 SEC
RLONG LINE
85
CRLCULRTED
MEASURED
\/^^^^H^^^
V(N
V (N
0
N 1
I
4
2
'
frt
0.00
0.40
12
4
I
16 20 24 29 32 36 40 METERS
6
9
9 10
I
SCALES:
PRESSURES
1CM=10
VELOCITY
ICM- 0.5 M / S E C
M.W.C.
VB
t
0.30
nN
1.20
1.60
2.00
2.40
TIME
FIG 66 COMPARISON OF EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS
AND CALCULATED RESULTS FOR TEST NUMBER 6155
2.30
3.20
IN SECONDS
3.50
86
PRESSURE ^ VELOCITY RLONG LINE
EXPMES= 6156
CRLCULRTED
V0 = 0.75 M/SEC^
MEASURED
TC=0.50 SEC
Vlf^'lr
0
N= 1
i
4
2
12
4
16
20
6
24
29
9
32
9
38
10
Vfl
M
.00
0.40
iw 'p' fiii/'VVi/^^^^^^""" ^'
M
0.30
VB
-N
1 .20
40 METERS
SCALES-
PRESSURES
1CM=10
M.W.C.
VELOCITY
ICM 0.5 M/SEC.
^
1 .60
2.00
2.40
TIME
2.30
3.20
IN SECONDS
3.50

87
EXPMES= 610^
CRLCULRTED
V0=1.00 M/SEC
MEASURED
TC=2,00
SEC
V^^'^^^^^lw-^s
[5
F tN=3i
P
Je
-,. V
ptN=ioi
l ^ h ^ M^-^^j^>^ f^^^--p .m r^ - 0
V (N=2)
''r^ fi^
VA
4
2
I
wf> '
A^-^v^^^-^'
V (N=.9)
0
N= 1
12
4
16
20
6
24
29
8
Vfl
32 35
9 10
I
40 METERS
SCALES:
PRESSURES
lCM-10
M.W.C.
VELOCITY
ICM 0.5 M/SEC.
VB
tr
0.00
0.40
0.90
1,20
1.60
2.00
2.40
TIME
2.30
3.20
IN SECONDS
3,50
88
EXPMES= 6105
CRLCULRTED
V0=1.00 M/SEC
MEASURED
TC^l.OO SEC
\ '^\i\J^yr^/^^^^f^-^,
SCALES:
Vfl
-h
0.00
0.40
0.30
ti:
n
1.20
PRESSURES
lCM=iO
VELOCITY
I C M ^ 0.5 M / S E C .
M.W.C.
VB
^
1.60
2.00
2.40
TIME
2.80
3.20
IN SECONDS
3.50
EXPMESV0=1.00
TC=0.50
0
N= 1
4
2
PRESSURE
6106
M/SEC
SEC
12
4
16
20 24
6
_i
23 32 38
9
9 10
[_
Vfl
0.40
_i
40 METERS
RLONG
SCALES:
LINE
89
CRLCULRTED
MEASURED
PRESSURES
lCH=iO
M.W.C.
VELOCITY
lCM-= 0.5 M/SEC
VB
-N
0.00
&. VELOCITY
0.30
-k
-^
1.20
n
1.60
2,00
2.40
TIME
FIG. 70 COMPARISON OF EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS
2.30
3.20
IN SECONDS
3.50
>o
i3
10
AT t-0
Pf !=-1.66mi
20
%
'^ -7.5m
3.0
;
Pj'^0.35m
EXPERIMENTAL TRANSIENT PRESSURES AND

VELOCITY CHANGES DURING TEST NUMBER 8001
FIG. 71
AT t-O
P,=. 1.66m. P^^-7.5mi Pj~0.3Sm
EXPERIMENTAL TRANSIENT PRESSURES AND

VELOCITY CHANGES DURING TEST NUMBER BOOS
FIG. 72
92
FIG 73 VIEW OF WATER COLUMN SEPARATION AT TOP OF THE SIPHON

(SEE LOCATION C ON THE SIPHON SCHEME IN FIG. 72)
PRESSURE & VELOCITY ALONG LINE

(CnLCULflTED RESULTS)
EXPMES= 8008
V0=1. 14 M/SEC
TC=4.G0 SEC
SCnLES:
PRESSURES
=10
M.N.C.
VELOCITY
= 0.5 M/SEC
MEASURED
_^
ffW
P[N=6)
zzz
r^
,-^rA.^.^
15
E-m=7i
/'^^L^ww/FW^^
p
6
PtN=9)
JV^^\;y^^^^..tp,^^J^^
O C J . ;/>'
Kd--o
SIPHON SCHEME
PIPE LENGTH5S. 1>4 N.
HOniZONTBL 3PBN = 140 M
__}
fJ"!
0.0
D.DO
C.40
Q.go
1.20
1.60
2.00
2.40
2.90
3.20
3.60
4.00
4.40
HB
1.30
^.0
ftjy.O
5.20
3.0
3,C
10.0
5.60
IZ.O
lU.O
TSiTr
IS.O
6.00
.1
I9.C
L.
2 0 . G 22.0
6.40
fft"9
2U.0
2 B . 0 OS.C
6.30
Tli 10
30.0
32.D
3IJ.D 3S.
7.20
7.60
IS.C
4Q.O
3.00
TIME IN SECONDS
FIG. 74
P IS THE VAPOUR PRESSURE
COMPARISON OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CALCULATED RESULTS FOR TEST NUMBER 8008
EXPMES=
V0=1.21
TC=2.00
PRESSURE 8, V E L O C I T Y RLONG
(CRLCULRTED RESULTS)
8011
M/SEC
SEC
LINE
SCRLES:
PRESSURES
=10
M.N.C.
VELOCITY
= O.'S
M/SEC
MEASURED
K<-O V (N = 2)
0.0
D.OD
0.110
0.30
1.20
1.60
2.00
2.1i0
2.80
3,20
3.60
4.DO
t.HO
1.80
2.0
t.a
5.20
5.0
3.0
10.0 12.0 m . o 16.0 18.0 2 0 . 0 2 2 . 0 21.0 26.0 2 a . o 30.0 32.0 31.0 36.0 39.C HO.o
5.60
6.00
6.40
6.90
TIME
FIG. 75
COMPARISON OF EXPERIMENTAL
AND CALCULATED RESULTS
FOR TEST NUMBER
8011
7.20
IN
SECONDS
7.60
EXPMES= 8016
V 0 = 1 . 0 0 M/SEC
T C = 2 . 0 0 SEC
PRESSURE , VELOCITY RLONG LINE

SCRLES:
PRESSURES
=10
M.N.C.
VELOCITY
= 0.5
M/SEC
MEASURED
J\S\l^^^,j>Y.{;^^.^r\^
'^7'=t7"=C3='C3=
V^ --Ov (N=2)
^^yp-/''^^-^>-r'^-0-t^f/g- .^
0.0
k.30
2.0
U.O
5.20
9.0
9.0
rs~
.,
10.o 12.0 I k . o 16.0 19.0 2 0 . 0 2 2 . 0 211.0 2 6 . 0 2 9 . 0 30.0 32.0 34.C 3 5 . 0 39.0 HO.o
5.60
6.00
6.40
6.30
TIME
FIG. 76
Vs.Ps,
7.20
7.60
I N SECONDS
% ' ' " ^ EXTRACTED FROM THE SECOND RECORDER WHICH RAN IN THIS
CASE 5'/. FASTER THAN THE FIRST RECORDER
0.00
0.10
0.80
FIG 77
COMWSON OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CALCULATED RESULTS FOR TEST NUMBER 8018
PRESSURE 4 VEL(3CITY RLONG LINE

EXPMES- 2034
V0=1.14 M/SEC
TC=2.50 SEC
SCRLES:
PRESSURES
=10
M.W.C.
VELOCITY
= 0.5 M/SEC
MEASURED
f-l^p/^%fP^
1^=0
V (N = 2
-H3IPH0N=5.0
SIPHON SCHEME
PIPE LENGTH.149. 11 H.
HORIZBNTflL SPBN=10 M.
H
>
x:
Hfl
ffti
0.0
0.00
0.10
O.SO
1.20
1.60
2.00
2.V0
2.80
3.20
3.60
4.00
1.10
1.80
f^2.0
1.0
5.20
6.0
"lISl!"
9.0
"iltS"
tttl
10.O 12.0 m.O 19.0 19.0 2 0 . 0 22.D 211.0 26.0 29.0 30.0 32.0 311.0 36.0 39.0 HO.O
5.60
6,00
6.10
6.30
TIME
FIG. 78
COMPAiySON OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CALCULATED RESULTS FOR TEST NUMBER 2034
7.20
IN
7.60
9.00
SECONDS
-O
VI
00
0.00
0.10
0.80
2.00
2.110
2.so
3.20
3.60
1.00
1.10
1.80
5.20
5.60
6.00
6.40
6.80
7.20
TIME IN SECONDS
FIG. 79
7.60
99
EXPERIMENTAL TRANSIENT PRESSURE

AND VELOCITY CHANGES DURING TEST
NUMBER 180
FIG. 80
100
EXPERIMENTAL TRANSIENT PRESSURE

AND VELOCITY CHANGES DURING TEST
NUMBER 181
FIG 81
101
CONDENSER IN
VERTICAL POSITION
(SEE C INFIG.81)
CONDENSER IN
HORIZONTAL POSITION
W f ^ OF WATER COLUMN 5
,, ,,, , ,
,^^^^^^^
102
RESTRICTION
N=NRES
IXh
N=1
NrNF
N = NRES
VVV
PU
PU-PD.l^^l^
26
*VVV'
PD
NO BUBBLE
VLU VRU
VVV
'A
PU
VVV=VRU
BGUrVRU-VLU
BSU:BSU*BGU
PD
BUBBLE AT UPSTREAM
OF RESTRICTION
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF CONDENSER SYSTEM

FOR NUMERICAL CALCULATIONS
FIG 83
103
ICOND
- Vo rn/s
CONDENSER RESISTANCE VERSUS

FLOW VELOCITY IN THE MAIN
PIPE (MEASURED UNDER STEADY
FLOW CONDITIONS)
FIG 84
Fl-iESSURE 4 VELOCITY RLONG LINE

EXPMES=C3063
V 0 = 1 . 0 0 M/SEC
T C = 1 . 0 0 SEC
SCRLES:
PRESSURES
=10
M.W.C.
VELOCITY
= 0.5
M/SEC
-^^/W^^^
MEASURED
iA?Vnyi^._,t .-n-rnp. ,_, , 1 .
7-'^rU-HC0NDS-3. )M
DRW OF THE LOOP
PIPE LENGTH=45.50 M.
HORIZONTRL SPfiN=40 M
HB
- -*q l i -
00
0.10
0.90
1.20
1.60
2.00
2.10
2.80
3,20
3.50
o'.O 2'.5 s'.O 7'.5 l'o.O 12.5 15.0 l'7.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 30.0 32.5 35.0 37.5~b.O
1.00
4.10
1. SC
5.20
5.60
6.00
6.10
5.30
7.20
TIME IN SECONDS
FIG. 85
COMPARISON OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CALCULATED RESULTS FOR TEST NUMBER C 3063
7.60

(CflLCULflTED RESULTS)
EXPMES=C3064
V0=1.00 M/SEC
TC=2.00 SEC
SCALES:
PRESSURES
=1Q
M.W.C.
VELOCITY
= 0.5 M/SEC
MEASURED
K4--0
, / i i u . n v ^ , ^ ^ ^ ^ Jl
-HC0NDS=3.IM
DRW OF THE LOOP

HORIZONTRL SPflN=40 M
O.OC
0.10
0.30
1.20
l.BO
2.00
2.10
2.30
3.20
3.GO
- H6
PS
ii A
P5
_'Ja_
NPLL
0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 30.0 32.5 35.0 37.5 10.0
4.00
1.40
1.80
5.20
5.60
6.00
6.10
6.30
7,20
7.60
TIME IN SECONDS
FIG 86
COMPARISON (X"EXPERIMENTAL AND CALCULATED RESULTS FOR TEST NUMBER C3064
O
Ui
EXPMES=C3065
V 0 = 1 . 0 0 M/SEC
TC=4.0 SEC
PRESSURE 8, VELOCITY HLONG LINE

SCRLES:
PRESSURES
VELOCITY
=10
M.W.C.
= 0.5
M/SEC
MEASURED
p.
^2
"^
PIN^13I
>4
"
V(N=3i
^5^^==^^""^
^fe-'O
^_-;::::::::==-^
^ ^ ^ j ^ ^
Î^--DRW OF THE LOOP

PIPE LENGTH = iJ5.50 M.
HR _
J T ^
f l
P2
Vfl
\~
0.0
PU
2.5
5.0
P'^
:
-il
7.5
HCONDS-3. IM
h HB
P5
li
P6
-VB
-g-
'
NPLL
1 0 . 0 1 2 . 5 1 5 . 0 l'7.5 2 0 . 0 2 2 . 5 2 5 . 0 2 7 . 5 3 0 . 0 3 2 . 5 3 5 . 0 3 7 . 5 u'O.O
6.30
7.20
TIME IN SECONDS
FIG. 87
COMPARISON OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CALCULATED RESULTS FOR TEST NUMBER C3065
7.60
PRESSURE K VELOCITY RLONG LINE

(CHLCULHTEO RESULTS)
EXPMES=C219
V0=1.00 M/SEC
TC=2.00 SEC
SCALES:
PRESSURES
=10
M.W.C.
VELOCITY
= 0.5 M/SEC
MEASURED
W L O ^ ^ W . -vvÔo-Ooo-^^
'p^Q:^,f/;f:y<::><><^^
J^/YYV^^'W/'^^V?'-- A^-J>-'f=:v>^
\/i.0
/'V^y^/W^^WJVHr.^.r^^
Va=0
D
=90-
V(N=131
DRW OF THE LOOP

HORIHONTRL SPflN=qO H
I
PI
0.0
0.00
O.qo
0.30
!.20
1.60
2.00
2.1(0
2.80
3.20
3.60
P2
2.5
1.00
5.0
t.W
PS
T^ !!
7.5
10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 30.0 32.5 35.0 37.5 HO.O
1.80
S.20
5.60
6.00
6.40
5.B0
7.20
TIME IN SECONDS
FIG. 88
7.60
PRESSURE 4 VELOCITY HLONG LINE

EXPMES=C1003
V0=1.00 M/SEC
TC=2.00 SEC
SCALES:
PRESSURES
= 10
VELOCITY
= 0.5 M /SEC
M.W.C.
MEASURED
^v)e^:M:>cî^^^^'-^
'Yy^'^'H^-
f n ^
tffl-.r^'-*..^
DRW OF THE LOOP

HORIZONTRL SPHN=40 M.
|9
I
If
T-
0.00
0.40
C.30
1.20
1.60
2.00
2.40
2.80
3.20
3.SO
H8
V 20.0 22.5 2 5 . 0 27.5

0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 T
17.5
V: 30.0 32.5 35.0 37.5 110.0
6.80
4.00
4.40
4.80
5.20
5.60
6.00
6.40
7.20
7.GO
TIME I N SECONDS
FIE. 89

(CALCULATED RESULTS)
EXPMES=C509y
V0=1.00 M/SEC
TC=1.00 SEC
J^ '\}
SCALES:
\J . | ^ " " u " 'ÛJ' \
0.0
0.00
0.40
0.30
1.20
1.50
2.00
2.40
2.30
3.20
3.60
2.5
4.00
5.0
4.40
PRESSURES
=10
VELOCITY
= 0 . 5 M/SEC
MEASURED
-^jyio^
7.5
M.W.C.
jyv-v.
..r^
10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 30.0 32.5 35.0 37.5 40.0
6.BO
7.20
5.20
5.60
6.00
6.40
4.30
TIME
FIG. 90
IN SECONDS
7.60
PRESSURE & VELOCITY RLONG LINE

EXPMES=C6109
V0=1.00 M/SEC
TC=2.00 SEC
SCRLES:
PRESSURES
VELOCITY
10
M.W.C.
5 M/SEC
^\ na_
1*11-131
M:-^ (1 L , , .
fb
0.40
I
I -
0.90
1.20
1.50
2.00
2.40
2.80
3.20
3.50
TA
AM^..
0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 30.0 32.5 35.0 37.5 40.0
6.80
7.20
7.60
4.00
4.40
4.80
5.20
5.60
6.00
5.40
TIME IN SECONDS
FIG 91
SIPHON
CONDENSER
1 second
CONDENSER SYSTEM SCHEME

PIPELENGTH : 55.5m
HORIZONTAL SPAN = 40m
COMPARISON OF MEASUREMENTS OF TEST NUMBER C5094

OF TEST NUMBER 8018 (A SIPHON)
FIG. 92
(A CONDENSOR SYSTEM) WITH MEASUREMENTS
PRESSURE & VELOCITY ftlOHC LINE

(CALCULATED RESULTS)
EXPMES-csogy
SCRLES:
V^-l .00 M/SEC

TC=1.00 SEC
PRESSURES
VELOCITY
T
ji
=10
M.WiC.
= 0 . 5 M/SEC
MEASURED
1.
^j^'^^'V"
-A < ^ K W ^
lljL ,, ^ VVWly^.,^^/V^v^^
V ' ^-
-(>-^;-/^-^-A;n^VV^ V'^V " O '^ u" u^ "I ^ >t.^,.
DRW GF THE LCQP

PIPE L E N G T H - b S . 5 0 M.
hORIZQNTHL
O.CC
0.4C
0.30
1.20
1.sa
.-JO
SPHN^40
3-20
M
C O 2.5 5.0 7.5
4.00
4.40
.,1
h-
10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 30.0 32.5 35.0 37.5 40.0
5.60
6.00
6.40
5.30
7.20
7.50
TIME IN 5FCQNDS
FIG 93
COMPARISON (FEXPERIMENTAL AND CALCULATED RESULTS FOR TEST NUMBER C5094

(BASED ON A SIPHON SQHEMAT/ZATION I
O.CC!
C..iO
c.30
1.20
1.50
5.3D
2.DO
7.30
7.60
TIME IN SECONDS
FIG. 94
COMPARISt! OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CALCULATED RESULTS FOR TEST NUMBER C 6109

(BASBI
ON A SIPHON
SCHeMATISATKUl)
PRESSURE 4 VELOCITY RLONG LINE

EXPME5-C6I07
VO-1.00 M/SEC
TC-1.00 SEC
SCRLES:
PRESSURES
VELOCITY
T
^
=10
M.W.C.
= 0.5 M/SEC
- =
o.c^?
r,40
o.gc
i.sci
i.ei!
r.cic
z 40
r.qo
3.J0
3.GU
0.0 2.1
4.00
\ ^ . Q
V"^ "^
'j.Q 7.L 1 0,0 12.L l's.C l'?.'^ ^'ci.O I'Z.S ^ l . P : V ^ Vci.O j'^.t. i l . o 3'7.^"~4b.0
4.40
4.r(o
F/G. 95
COMPARISON OF EXPERIMENTAL
(BASED
AND CALCULATED RESULTS FOR TEST NUMBER C 6107

ON A SIPHON
SCHEMAJISATION
J^f\-I^^
2JL
Ou
g.CiO
3.40
q.go
3.2
O.fJU
irO.00
115
Listing of Computer Programme PDV
*)
The programme PDV
is used to calculate transient velocity changes from
the data of the high speed film obtained from the photo-analyzer. The
obtained results give the transient velocity changes based on the photographic method. A description of the steps of the programme is found in
appendix A.
Photographic-Digital-Velocity
116
PROGRAMME PDV
C
CALCULATION OF TRANSIENT VELOCITY FROM PHOTO ANALYZER DATA

OOOOOOOO
5001 F0RMAT(F8.4,F8.1,F8.1,I6I
OOOOOOIO
5002 FORMAK I6,8F8.1I
00000020
5003 FORMAKIH , 8X, I6,8X, EIO.4, eX,E10.4, 8X,E10.'V, 8X,E10.4)
00000030
DIMENSION T(200l,X(200l,Y(200),V(200t
00000040
DIMENSION U(200)
00000050
DIMENSION X1(200),Y1(200),X2(200).Y2(200),BX(200I,BY(200),TX(200>,00000060
1TY(200,Tlt 2001,12{200)
OOOOOO70
PY=3.1415
00000080
IER=0.0
00000090
MH=1
00000100
C
READING OF DATA
00000110
READ(5,5001) TSTART,RAD,OIST,KOUNTF
00000120
WRITE(6,5001)TSTART,RAO,DIST,KOUNTF
00000130
DO 1 J=1,K0LINTF
00000140
READ (5,5002) N,X1(J),Yl(J),X2(J),Y2(J),BX(J),BY(J),TX(J)TYIJ )
00000150
1 HRITE(6,5002) N,Xl(J),Yl(J),X2(J),Y2(J).BX(J),BY(J),TX(J),TY(J)
00000160
CALL PL0TS(1,200)
00000170
C
CALCULATION OF DISPLACEMENT AND TINE
00000180
80 DO 70 I1,K0UNTF
00000190
RXl-XKI)
00000200
RY1=Y1(I)
00000210
RX2<X2(I)
00000220
RY2=Y2(I)
00000230
BXX=BX(I)
00000240
8YY=8Y(I)
00000250
SIA=(RY2-RY1)/SQRTC(RX2-RX1)**2*(RY2-RY1)**2 )
00000260
COA=(RX2-RX1)/SQRT((RX2-RX1)**2-K RY2-RY1)*2)
00000270
X(I)={I(6XX-RX1)*CQA)+(BYY-RY1)*SIA)*(0.2/DIST)
00000280
Y(I)=((-(BXX-RX1)SIA)*(<BYY-RY1)*C0A))*(0.2/DIST
00000290
TXX=TX(I)
00000300
TYYTY(I)
00000310
T1(I)=(((TXX-RX1)*C0A)+(TYY-RY1)*SIA)
00000320
T2{I)=((-(TXX-RX1)*SIA)-*((TYY-RY1)*C0A))
00000330
IF(I.GT.l) GO TO 60
00000340
T(I)=TSTART
00000350
GO TO 70
00000360
60 11=1-1
00000370
W=SQRT(Tim-Tl(II))**2*<T2(I)-T2(n))**2)
00000380
ANG=ARSIN((0.5W)/RA0)
00000390
T( I) = T(II)*((0.1/PY)*ANG)
00000400
70 CONTINUE
00000410
C
CALCULATION OF VELOCITIES
00000420
C
V IS ALONG AXIS OF PIPE
00000430
CALL 0GT3{T,X,V,K0UNTF,IER)
00000440
DO 100 L=1,K0UNTF
00000450
100 WRITE(6,5003) L,T(L),X(L),V(L),Y(L)
00000460
C
U IS NORMAL TO PIPE AXIS
00000470
CALL 0GT3(T,Y,,K0UNTF,IER)
00000480
C
PLOTTING OF RESULTS
00000490
KKF=K0UNTF*1
00000500
KKFFK0UNTF-2
00000510
V(KKF>-1.6
00000520
V(KKFF)0.4
00000530
U(KKF)1.6
00000540
U(KKFF)=-.4
00000550
T(KKF)0.0
00000560
T(KKFF)*0.l
00000570
CALL LINSH',V,K0UNTFT1I1,2)
00000580
CALL AXIS(0.0,0.0,15HTIME IN SEC0NDS,-15,24.0,0.0,T(KKF)tKKKFFI) 00000590
CALL AXIStO.O,0.0,22HVELOCITY IN METER/SEC-.22,10.0,90.0,V(KKF),V 00000600
ItKKFFI)
00000610
CALL PLOT(0.0,0.0,-3)
00000620
CALL LINES(T,U,K0UNTF,1,1,4)
00000630
CALL PLOT(25.0,0.0,-3)
00000640
UKKF)=3.18
00000650
U(KKFF)=-1.06
00000660
V(KKF)=3.18
00000670
V(KKFF)=-1.06
00000680
T{KKF)=0.0
00000690
T(KKFF)=0.483
00000700
CALL LINES(T,V,K0UNTF,1,0,2I
00000710
CALL AXIS(0.0,0.0,15HTIME IN SECONDS,-15,10.0,0.0,T(KKF),T(KKFF)) 00000720
CALL AXIS(0.0,0.0,22HVELOCITY IN METER/SEC,22,10.0,90.0,VIKKF),V 00000730
KKKFF))
00000740
CALL PLOTIll.0,0.0,-3)
00000750
MM=MM*1
00000760
IF(MM.GT,5) GO TO 7
00000770
REAO(5,5001) TSTART,RAD,OIST,KOUNTF
00000780
WRITE(6,5001)TSTART,RAD,DIST,KOUNTF
00000790
GO TO 80
00000800
7 CALL LASPLQ
00000810
STOP
00000820
END
OOO0830
117
Listing of Computer Programme HOZ
*)
The programme HOZ
is used to predict transient conditions in the hori-
zontal pipe line. The programme is based on the method of characteristics.

A description of the main steps of the programme is found in appendix C.
Horizontal
PROGRAMME HOZ
C
C
WATER HAMMER CALCULATIONS

OOOOOOOO
HORIZONTAL LINE WITH BUBBLE AT THE VALVE
OOOOOOIO
00000020
5001 F0RMAT(F8.2,F8.2,F8.4,F8.4,F8.4,F8.3,Fe.4,F8.3,F8.3)
00000030
5002 F0RMAT(2I6)
00000040
5003 FORMAT(8F10.2)
00000050
5005 FORMAT(16J
00000060
5006 FORMAT(16
00000070
5007 F0RMAT(10I6
00000080
5008 FORMAT (10F5.2I
5011 FORMATdH ,9X,19HBUBBLE COLLAPSES N=, I3,5HTIME=, E9.3,19HRESULTING 00000090
1PRESSURE=,E9.3)
00000100
5015 FORMATdH ,9X,12HBUBBLE AT N=, 13,5X, 5HTIH'E=,F9.4,5X,3HBG=,F9.4,5X,00000110
13HBS=,F9.4)
00000120
00000130
5 0 2 0 FORMATdH , 5 X , F 8 . 4 , 3 X > 4 H H =
, 1 1 ( F 7 . 3,2X1 i
00000140
5021 FORMATdH , /
00000150
5023 FORMATdH ,16X,4HV= ,11(F7.3,2X)
00000160
5026 F0RMAT(I6,F12.2)
00000170
5040 FORMATdH ,10E12.6)
00000180
5101 F0RMAT(1H0,20X,15HTYPE OF CLOSURE)
00000190
5102 FORMAT(1HO,20X,27HDATA OF THE HORIZONTAL LINE)
00000200
5103 F0RMAT(lH0t20X,l5HSTEADY CONOIONS)
00000210
5104 F0RMAT(1H0,20X,31HVALVE RESISTANCE DURING CLOSURE)
00000220
5105 F0RHATdH0,20X,33HWATER HAMMER CALCULATIONS RESULTS)
00000230
5106 FORMATdH ,20X,39HPRESSURES AND VELOCITIES ALONG THE PIPE)
00000240
5107 FORMATdH ,20X,29HDATA COMPARE WITH MEASUREMENT,5X, I6)
00000250
5108 FORMATdHO,20X,30HPOINTS OF PRESSURE MEASUREMENT, 5X,16)
5109 F0RMAT(IH0,7X,4HTIME,3X,4HX/L=,4X,3H0.0,6X,3H0.1,6X,3H0.2,6X,3H0.300000260
1,6X,3H0.4,6X,3H0.5,6X,3H0.6.6X,3H0.7,6X,3H0.8,6X,3HO .9,6X,3H1.0) 00000270
00000280
DIMENSION Z O d O O )
00000290
DIMENSION ZZ(900)
00000300
DIMENSION H(ll,500),Vdl,500)
00000310
DIMENSION XARRAY(900>,YARRAY(900),YV(900)
00000320
DIMENSION NP(20),ANP(20),NV(20),ANV(20),PPP(20I,YPP( 201
C
STEP
1
00000330
00000340
C
VALVE RESISTANCE RROM STEADY MEASUREMENTS
00000350
READ(5,5026) MZ.ZVCL
00000360
REA0(S,5003) (ZO(L),L=1,MZ)
00000370
WRITE(6,5101)
00000380
WRITE(6,5026) HZtZVCL
00000390
WRITE(6t5003) ( ZO(L) tL<=l tMZ)
00000400
WRITE(6,5021)
00000410
C
STEP
2
00000420
C
DATA OF THE LINE
*"
00000430
DO 2000 111=1,4
00000440
READ(5,5005) MESNUM
00000450
EXPMES=MESNUM
00000460
REAO(5,5001) C,CL,VO,TC,HVO,HO,F,D,PV
00000470
WRITE(6,5102)
00000480
WRITE(6,5107) MESNUM
00000490
WRITE(6,5001) C,CL,VO,TC,HVO,HO,F,D,PV
00000500
C
STEP
3
00000510
C
CALCULATIONS DATA
00000520
REA0(5,5002) NF.MF
00000530
WRITE(6,5002) NF.MF
00000540
WRITE(6,5021)
00000550
C
STEP
00000560
C
POINTS OF PRESSURE 6 VELOCITY PLOTTING
00000570
WRITE (6,5104)
00000580
READ (5T5006) NPLP
00000590
WRITE(6,5006) NPLP
00000600
READ (5,5007)(NP(I),I=1,NPLP )
00000610
WRITE6,5007)(NP(I),1=1,NPLP >
00000620
READ (5,5008)(ANP(I),I=1,NPLP)
00000630
WRITE(6,5008)(ANP(I),I=1,NPLP)
00000640
READ (5,5006) NPLV
00000650
WRITE(&,5006) NPLV
00000660
READ (5,5007)(NV(I) ,1=1,NPLV)
00000670
WRITE(6,5007)(NV(1) ,1=1,NPLV)
00000680
READ (5,5008)(ANV(n ,1=1,NPLV)
00000690
WRITE(6,5008)(ANV(I) ,1=1,NPLV)
00000700
NPLT = NPLP-^NPLV
00000710
READ(5,5008) (PPP(I),I=1,NPLT)
00000720
WRITE(6,5008) (PPP(I),1=1,NPLT)
00000730
WRITE (6,5021)
00000740
ANF=NF-1
119
A=C
DX=CL/ANF
DT=OX/A
G=9.81
BS=0.0
STEP
5
STEADY CONDITIONS
XARRAY(1)=0.0
HDVO=HO+(((F*CL)/(l.0*O))*((V0**2)/(2.O*G)))
HUVO=H0V0--HV
DO 1 0 1=1,NF
C
C
BI=I-l
C
C
V(I,1)=V0
10 H ( I , l ) = H 0 V 0 - ( B I * ( F * D X ) / d . 0 * D ) * ( ( V 0 * * 2 ) / ( 2 . 0 * G ) )
WRITE(6,5103)
WRITE(6,5106)
WRITE(6,5109)
HRITE(6,5020) X A R R A Y ( l ) , ( H ( I , l ) , I = l , N F )
WRITE(6,5023) ( V ( I > 1 ) , I = 1 , N F )
WRITE(6,5021)
STEP
6
VALVE RESISTANCE DURING CLOSURE
TI=(82.5/90.0)*TC
70
60
65
68
67
71
C
C
C
MTC=(TI/DT)
TVALVE=TC
AMZ=MZ
MZL=MZ*1
I F ( M T C . G T . M Z ) GO TO 60
DO 7 0 KK=l,MZ
ZZ(KK)=ZO(KK)
GO TO 7 1
ZO(MZL)=ZVCL
JZ = l
EM=MTC
MTT=MTC+1
DO 6 7 K I = 1 , M Z L
AKI=(KI-l)
KB=(KI+1)
TA=AKI/AMZ
TB-TA+(1.0/AMZ
DO 6 5 J=JZ,MTT
CJ=J-1
TC=CJ*(1.0/EM)
JU=J
I F ( ( T C . 6 E . T A ) . A N 0 . ( T C . L E . T B ) ) GO TO 6 5
GO TO 6 8
ZZ(J)=(((ZO(KI*(TB-TC)+ZOIKB)*ITC-TAI)/(TB-TA))
JZ=JU
CONTINUE
WRITE(6i5104)
WRITE(6,5040) (Z(K),K-1,MTC)
WRITE(6,5021)
WRITE(6,5105)
WRITE(6.5106)
WRITE(6.5109>
STEPS
768
WRITTING OF RESULTS
DO 30 M=2,MF
XARRAY(M)=XARRAY((M-1))+DT
DO 20 N=1,NF
IF(N.EQ.NF) GO TO 22
IF(N.GT.l) GO TO 21
** LEFT END VALVE-CAVITATION VOID BOUNDARY CONDITION
NS=2
MS=M-l
IF(M,GT.MTC) GO TO 25
Z=ZZ(M)
S8"A/Z
IF(BS.NE.O.O) GO TO 26
VV=ABS(V(NS,MS))
S=FRFA(VV,D)
HE=-(2.0*A/Z)*(V(NS,MSn + (2.0*G/Z)*(H(NS,MS)-HUV0) + (2.0*A/Z)*
1((F*0T/Z)*(V(NS,MS))*(ABS(V(NS)MS))))
IF (HE.GT.0.0) GO TO 200
00000750
00000760
00000770
00000780
00000790
00000800
00000810
00000820
00000830
00000840
00000850
00000860
00000870
00000880
00000890
00000900
00000910
00000920
00000930
00000940
00000950
00000960
00000970
00000980
00000990
00001000
00001010
00001020
00001030
00001040
00001050
00001060
00001070
00001080
00001090
OOOOllOO
00001110
00001120
00001130
00001140
00001150
00001160
00001170
00001180
00001190
00001200
00001210
00001220
00001230
00001240
00001250
00001260
00001270
00001280
00001290
00001300
00001310
00001320
00001330
00001340
00001350
00001360
00001370
00001380
00001390
00001400
00001410
00001420
00001430
00001440
00001450
00001460
00001470
00001480
00001490
120
HEP= SB**2-HE
00001500
VP=-SB+SQRT(HEP)
00001510
HP=HUV0-((Z/(2.0*G))*(VP**2))
00001520
IF(HP.LE.PV) GO TO 26
00001530
GO TO 32
00001540
200 HEQ=SB**2^HE
00001550
VP= SB-SaRT(HEQ)
00001560
HP = HUVO + ((Z/(2.0*G))*( VP**2))
00001570
IF (HP.LE.PV) GO TO 26
00001580
32 V(N,M)=VP
00001590
H(N,M)=HP
00001600
GO TO 20
00001610
25 IF(BS.NE.O.O) GO TO 24
00001620
V(N,M)=0.0
00001630
VV=ABS(V(NS,MS))
00001640
S=FRFA(VV,D)
00001650
H(N,M) = H(NS,MS) + ((A/G)*(V(N,M)-V(NS,MS)))(((A*S*0T)/(G*2.0*0))*V( 00001660
1NS,MS)*ABS(V(NS,MS)))
00001670
IF(H(N,M).GT.PV) GO TO 20
00001680
24 VBL=0.0
00001690
H(NtM)"Pv
00001reo
VV=ABS(V(NS,MS))
0000171
S=FRFA(VV,D)
00001720
VBR=V(NS,MS)+((G/A)*(PV-H(NS,MS)))-(((S*DT)/(2.0*D)>*V(NS|MS)*ABS(00001730
1V(NS,MS)))
00001740
BG=VBR-VBL
00001750
BS=BS*BG
00001760
GO TO 28
00001770
26 CONTR = ( ( 2 . 0 * G ) / Z ) * ( H U V 0 - P V )
00001780
VBL=SQRT(CONTR)
00001790
VV=ABS(V(NS,MS))
00001800
S=FRFA(VV,D)
00001810
VBR=V(NS,MS)*((G/A)*(PV-H(NS,MS))-((S*DT/(2.0*D))*V(NS,MS)*ABS(V(N00001820
IS.MS))))
00001830
BG=VBR-VBL
00001840
BS=BS+BG
00001850
28 W R I T E ( 6 , 5 0 1 5 ) N.XARRAY(M),BG,BS
00001860
I F ( B S . L T . O . O ) GO TO 27
00001870
V(N,M)=VBR
00001880
H(N,M)=PV
00001890
60 TO 2 0
00001900
27 V(N,M)aVBL
00001910
VV=ABS(V(NS.MS>)
00001920
S-FRfA(VV.O)
00001930
H ( N , M ) < i H ( N S , M S ) > ( (A/G ) * ( V ( N , M ) - V ( N S , MS ) M X ( ( A * S * O T ) / ( G * 2 . 0 * 0 ) )V( 0 0 0 0 1 9 4 0
1NS,MS)*ABS(V(NS.MS)))
00001950
WRITE(6,50L1) N.XARRAY(M),H(N,M)
00001960
WRITE(6,S021)
00001970
BS=0.0
00001980
GO TO 2 0
00001990
* * RIGHT END RESERVOIR BOUNDARY CONDITION
00002000
22 H(N,M)=HO
00002010
NR=N-1
00002020
MR=M-1
00002030
VV=ABS(V(NR,MR))
00002040
R=FRFA(VV,D)
00002050
V ( N , M ) = V ( N R , M R ) - ( ( G / A ) * ( H O - H ( N R , M R ) ) - ( ( ( R * D T / ( 2 . 0 * 0 ) ) * V ( NR,MR)*ABS00002060
1(V(NR,MR)))))
00002070
GO TO 2 0
* * INTERMEDIATE NODE
00002080
00002090
21 NS=N+1
MS=M-1
NR=N-1
MR=M-1
00002100
00002110
00002120
00002130
VV=ABS(V(NR,MR))
00002140
R=FRFA(VV,D)
00002150
HMR=V(NR,MR)*(A*DT*R/(2.0*D*G))*ABS(V(NR,MR))
00002160
VV=ABS(V(NS,MS))
00002170
S=FRFA(VV,0)
00002180
HMS=V(NS,MS)*(A*DTS/(2.0*D*G))*ABS(V(NS,MS))
00002190
H(N,M)=0.5*(H(NR,MR--H(NS,MS)+(A/G)*V(NR,MR)-(A/G)*V(NS,MS-HMR-fHM00002200
IS)
00002210
V(N,M)=V(NR,MR)-(G/A)*(H(N,M)-H(NR,MR))-((R*OT/2.0*0)*V(NR,MRI*ABS00002220
1(V(NR,MR)))
00002230
20 CONTINUE
00002240
121
WRITE(6,5020) XARRAY(M),(H(K,M),K=l.NF)
00002250
^002^60
00002270
00002280
C
00002290
C
00002300
00002310
00002320
00002330
00002340
00002350
00002360
00002370
00002380
CALL SYMBOL d.5,10.25,0.14,30HPRESSURE C VELOCITY ALONG LINE,0.0,00002390
00002400
130)
00002410
PHA=0.25
00002420
PHK=0.25
00002430
PHL=PHK*0.2
00002440
PHM=PHL--2.80
00002450
PHU=4.25
00002460
PHV=PHU-fr0.63
00002470
PVA=10.00
00002480
PVB=PVA-0.25
00002490
PVC=PV8-0.25
00002500
PVJ=1.0
00002510
PVK=PVJ-0.1
00002520
PVL=PVK-0.1
00002530
PVN=PVL-0.25
00002540
PVP=PVL*0.05
00002550
PVU=1.0
00002560
PVV=PVU-0.2
00002570
CALL SYMBOL (PHA,PyA,0.14,8HEXPMES= ,0.0,8)
00002580
CALL NUMBER (999. ,999..0.14,EXPMES,0.0,-l)
00002590
CALL SYMBOL (PHA,PVB,0.14.3HV0=,0.0,3)
00002600
CALL NUMBER (999.,999.,0.14,V0,0.0,2)
00002610
CALL SYMBOL (999.,999..0.14,6H M/SEC,0.0,6)
00002620
CALL SYMBOL (PHA,PVC,0.14.3HTC=,0.0,3)
00002630
CALL NUMBER (999..999..0.14,TC,0.0,2)
00002640
CALL SYMBOL (999.,999.,0.14.4H SEC0.0,4)
00002650
CALL PLOT (4.7,PVA,3)
00002660
CALL PLOT (5.2,PVA,2)
00002670
CALL SYMBOL ( 5.3, PVA,0.14,11H CALCULATED,0.0,11)
00002680
CALL PLOT (4.7 ,PVB,3)
00002690
CALL PLOT (4.82.PVB,2)
00002700
00002710
CALL PLOT {5.02.PVB,2)
00002720
CALL PLOT (5.10,PVB,3)
00002730
00002740
CALL SYMBOL (5.3.PVB,0.14. 9H MEASURED.0.0.9)
32 00002750
CALL SYMBOL (PHK.PVJ.O.OT,51H
0
8 12 16 20 24 28
00002760
1 36 40 METERS.0.0,51)
9
00002770
CALL SYMBOL (PHK.PVK.0.07.40HN= 1
00002780
1 10,0.0,40)
00002790
CALL PLOT (PHL,PVL,3)
00002800
CALL PLOT (PHM,PVL,2)
00002810
00 2010 I=>1,11
00002820
11=1-1
00002830
PHN=PHL+II*0.28
00002840
CALL PLOT (PHN.PVP,3)
00002850
CALL PLOT (PHN.PVL,2)
00002860
2010 CONTINUE
00002870
CALL PLOT (PHL,PVN.-3)
00002880
CALL PLOT (0.0.0.0.3)
00002890
CALL PLOT (2.8,0.0,2)
00002900
DO 2011 I=1,NPLT
00002910
YPP(I)=0.0
00002920
2 M I CONTINUE
00002930
MMFNPLT*1
00002940
MF0*NPLT+2
00002950
PPP(MMF)=0.0
00002960
PPP(MFD)*14.3
00002970
YPP(MMF)=0.0
00002980
YPP(MFD)=0.0
00002990
CALL LINES (PPP,YPP,NPLT,1,-1,3)
W R 4 T E ( 6 T 5 0 2 3 ) (^ÎK,^),K*lr*F)
WRITE(6,5021)
30 CONTINUE
STEP
9
PLOTTING OF RESULTS
CALL PLOTS ( 2 , 3 0 )
TC=TVALVE
CALL PLOT ( 1 0 . 0 , 2 . 0 , - 3 )
CALL PLOT ( 0 . 0 , 0 . 3 , 3 )
CALL PLOT ( 7 . 1 , 0 . 3 , 2 )
CALL PLOT ( 7 . 1 , 1 0 . 5 , 2
CALL PLOT ( 0 . 0 , 1 0 . 5 , 2 1
CALL PLOT ( 0 . 0 , 0 . 3 , 2 )
122
CALL SYMBQL(0.0,-0.1,0.07,41HP1 P2
P3
P5
00003000
P4
1P6 ,0.0,41)
00003010
VB.0.00003020
CALL SYMBOL (0.0,0.05,0.07.33H VA
00003030
10,33)
00003040
PHLM=-PHL
00003050
PVNM=-PVN
00003060
CALL PLOT (PHLM,PVNM,-3>
00003070
CALL SYMBOL (PHU,PVU.0.07,9HSCALES: ,0.0,9)
M.W.C..0.0,26) 00003080
CALL SYMBOL (999.,999..0.07,26HPRESSURES 1CM=10
00003090
CALL SYMBOL (PHV.PVV.0.07,26HVELQCITY
1CM= 0.5 M/SEC..0.0.26)
00003100
DO 160 1=1,NPLP
00003110
NA=NP(I)
00003120
AA=NP(I
00003130
ANA=ANP(I)
O0O314O
MMF=MF-i-l
00003150
MFD=MF-^2
00003160
YARRAY(MMF)=0.0
00003170
YARRAY(MFD)=25.4
00003180
XARRAY(MMF)=0.0
00003190
XARRAY(MFD)=0.508
00003200
YV(MMF)=0.0
00003210
YV(MFD)=-1.27
00003220
DO 102 KK=1,MF
00003230
102 YARRAY(KK)=H(NAKK)
00003240
CALL PLOT (0.0,ANA.-3)
00003250
YP =H(NA.1)/YARRAY(HFD)
00003260
CALL PLOT (0.0,YP ,3)
00003270
CALL PLOT (T.O.YP .2)
00003280
CALL LINES (XARRAY.YARRAY,MF.1,0,2)
00003290
BNA=-ANA
00003300
CALL PLOT (0.0,BNA,-3)
00003310
ANAC=ANA*0.05
00003320
CALL SYMBOL (1.0,ANAC.0.07,4HP(N=.0.0,4)
00003330
CALL NUMBER (999.,999.,0.07,AA,0.0,-1)
00003340
CALL SYMBOL (999.,999..0.07.IH),0.0.1)
00003350
160 CONTINUE
00003360
DO 165 1=1,NPLV
00003370
NB=NV(I)
00003380
AB=NV(I)
00003390
ANB=ANV(I)
00003400
00 103 KK=1.MF
00003410
103 YV(KK)=V(NB,KK)
00003420
CALL PLOT (0.0, ANB,-3)
00003430
CALL PLOT (0.0.0.0.3)
00003440
CALL PLOT (7.0.0.0.2)
00003450
CALL LINES (XARRAY.YV.MF.l,0,2)
00003460
BNB=-AN8
00003470
CALL PLOT (0.0,BNB,-3)
00003480
ANBC=ANB'^0.05
00003490
CALL SYMBOL (1,0.ANBC,0.07.4HV(N=,0.0,4)
00003500
CALL NUMBER (999.,999.,0.07,AB,0.0,-1)
00003510
CALL SYMBOL (999.,999.,0.07.IH).0.0,1)
00003520
165 CONTINUE
00003530
XARRAY (MFD)=0.4
00003540
CALL FACTOR (0.787)
CALL AXIS(0.0.0.385.53H
TIME 00003550
U N SECONDS,-53,9.0,0.0,XARRAY(MMF).XARRAY(MFD) )
00003560
CALL FACTOR (1.0)
00003570
CALL LASPLQ
00003580
2000 CONTINUE
00003590
STOP
00003600
END
00003610
00003620
FUNCTION FRFA(VV,D)
0003630
RENU=100000O.0*D*VV
00003640
IF(RENU*LT.2300:.0) GO TO 201
'f^k/A^ ('.'i^) /^RfJ**0- 25) *l'i2
RETURN
00003660
00003670
201 IF(RENU.GT.64.0) 60 TO 202
00003680
FRFA=1.0
00003690
RETURN
00003700
202 FRFA=(64.0*l.2)/RENU
00003710
RETURN
00003720
END
123
Listing of Computer Programme HZD
*)
The programme HZD
.
is used to predict transient conditions in the hori-
zontal pipe-line. The programme is based on the new mathematical model.

A description of the main steps of the programme is found in appendix D,
*)
Horizontal with Damping
PROGRAMME HZD
OOOOOOOO
OOOOOOIO
00000020
WATER HAMMER CALCULATIONS USING NEW THEORY
00000030
HORIZONTAL LINE WITH BUBBLE AT THE VALVE
c
00000040
c
00000050
c
00000060
5001 F 0 R M A T ( F 8 . 2 , F 8 . 2 , F 8 . 4 . F 8 . 4 , F 8 . 4 , F 8 . 3 , F 8 . 4 , F 8 . 3 , F 8 . 3 )
00000070
5002 F 0 R M A T ( 2 I 6 )
00000080
5004 F 0 R M A T ( 2 F 8 . 4 )
00000090
5005 F 0 R M A T ( I 6 )
00000100
5006 F0RMAT(I6)
00000110
5007 F0RMAT(10I6)
00000120
5008 FORMAT ( 1 0 F 5 . 2 )
5011 FORMATdH
9X,19HBUBBLE COLLAPSES N=,I3,5HTIME=,F6.3,19HRESULTING 00000130
00000140
1PRESSURE=,F6.3)
6.3)
5015 FORMATdH 9X,12HBUBBLE AT N=,13,5X,5HTIME=.F9.4.5X.3HB6=.F9.4.5X 00000150
00000160
3 3HBS=,F9.4
00000170
5020 FORMATdH
,11(F7.3,2X))
5X,F8.4,3X,4HH
00000180
5021 FORMATdH
/)
00000190
5023 FORMATdH
16X,4HV=
,ll(F7.3,2X))
00000200
5040 FORMATdH
10E12.6)
00000210
5070 FORMATdHl ////)
00000220
5101 FORMATdH
20X,25HLINEAR CLOSURE AN6LE-TIME)
00000230
5102 FORMAT(IHO 20X.27HDATA OF THE HORIZONTAL LINE)
00000240
5103 FORMAT(IHO 20X.17HSTEADY CONDITIONS)
00000250
5104 FORMATdHl 20X.31HVALVE RESISTANCE DURING CLOSURE)
00000260
5105 FORMAT(IHO 20X,33HWATER HAMMER CALCULATIONS RESULTS)
00000270
5106 FORMATdH
20X.39HPRESSURES AND VELOCITIES ALONG THE PIPE
00000280
5107 FORMATdH
20X,29HDATA COMPARE WITH MEASUREMENT,5X,16)
00000290
5108 FORMAT(IHO 2 0 X . 3 0 H P 0 I N T S OF PRESSURE MEASUREMENT.5X.16)
5109 FORMAT(IHO 7 X , 4 H T I M E , 3 X . 4 H X / L = . 4 X . 3 H 0 . 0 , 6 X , 3 H O . 1 . 6 X . 3 H O . 2 ,6X,3H0. 300000300
] . 6 X . 3 H 0 . 4 , 6 X , 3 H 0 . 5 . 6 X . 3 H 0 . 6 . 6 X . 3 H 0 . 7 , 6 X , 3 H 0 . 8 , 6 X , 3 H 0 . 9 . 6 X ,3H1.0) 00000310
1
00000320
,F10. 3)
5201 FORMAT(IHO 8X.35HPIPE LENGTH
M.
00000330
,F10. 3)
8X,35HPIPE DIAMETER
5202 FORMATdH
M.
00000340
8X,35HCELERITY
,F10. 3)
5203 FORMATdH
M./SEC.
00000350
8X,35HSTEADY
VELOCITY
.FIO.
5204 FORMATdH
M./SEC.
3)
00000360
.FIO.3)
5205 FORMATdH
8X,35HSTADY FRICTION COEFFICENT
00000370
5206 FORMATdH
8X,35HSTEA0Y HEAD LOSS IN VALVEM.(WATER) ,F10. 3)
00000380
5207 FORMATdH
8X,35HL0W LEVEL RESERVOIR HEAD M.(WATER) .FIO.3)
00000390
5208 FORMATdH
8X,35HVAP0R PRESSURE
M.(WATER) ,F10. 3)
00000400
.FIO, 3)
5209 FORMATdH
8X.35HVALVE CLOSURE TIME
SEC.
00000410
.FIO, 3)
5210 FORMATdH
8X.35HM0MENTUM LOSS COEFFICENT /SEC.
00000420
.FIO, 3)
5211 FORMATdH 8X.35HCELERITY DECREASE RATE
00000430
5212 FORMAT(IHO 8X,29HCALCULATI0NS DONE USING
NF ,13)
)00000440
5307 FORMAT(IHO 8X,39HPRESSURE HISTORY PLOTS CORRESPOND TO N 8(3X,I3) )00000450
5317 FORMATdH
8X,39HVEL0CITY HISTORY PLOTS CORRESPOND TO N 8(3X,I3) 00000460
DIMENSION NP(10),ANPdO),NV(10),ANVdO),PPP(10).YPP(10
00000470
DIMENSION E(20),Q(20),BB(20)
00000480
DIMENS ION X(500),P(500),Y(500),WT(500)
00000490
DIMENSION ZZ(500>
00000500
DIMENSION H(ll,500),Vdl,500)
00000510
DIMENSION XARRAY(510),YARRAY(510),YV(510)
00000520
c
00000530
c
STEP
1
00000540
CHEBYSHEV POLYNOMIALS COi
c
00000550
c
00000560
00000570
0(1) = 3.4845363745E+01
00000560
Q(2) = 5.9455550667E+01
0(3) ~- 3.-87t413203E+01
00000590
00000600
0(4) = 2.1035439852E1-01
00000610
0(5) = 1.0192314314E+01
00000620
0(6) = 4.4316219652E+00
00000630
0(7) = 1.4281122695E+00
00000640
0(8) = 3.2727171997E-02
00000650
Q(9> = -3.4798289640E-01
00000660
Q(10)= -2.7324098151E-01
00000670
Q(ll)= -9.7082300198E-02
00000680
E d ) = 1.5171599770E+05
00000690
E(2) = 2.8264739567E-f05
00000700
E(3) = 2.2864336661E+05
00000710
E(4) = 1.6031482768E+05
00000720
E(5) = 9.6743620005E+04
00000730
E(6) = 4.9549e07881E+04
00000740
E(7) = 2.1027203679E+04
E(8) = 7.1102304836E+03
C
C
C
125
E(9) =
E(10)=
E(ll)=
C
C
c
c
1.8055376508E^03
3.1710297590E+02
3.6239602605E+01
STEP
DATA OF THE LINE
READ (5,5004) CDW,DECS

c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
STEP
CALCULATIONS DATA
READ(5,5002) NF,MF
STEP
4
POINTS OF PRESSURE S, VELOCITY PLOTTING
LOCATIONS OF POINTS OF CALCULATIONS
LOCATIONS OF MEASUREMENTS TRANSDUCERS
READ (5,5006) NPLP
READ (5,5007)(NP(I).I=1,NPLP )
READ (5,50O8)(ANP(I,I=l,NPLP)
READ (5,5006) NPLV
READ (5,50O7)(NV(I) ,1=1,NPLV)
READ (5,5008)(ANV(n ,1=1,NPLV)
NPLT=NPLP^NPLV
READ(5,5008) (PPP(I).I=1.NPLT)
*
STEP
DATA OF THE LINE
c
c
c
c
00 2000 111=1,6
CALL PLOTS (2,20)
READ(5,5005) MESNUM
RE AD(5,5001) C,CL,VO,TC.HVO . HO , F . D, PV
WRITE(6,5102)
EXPMES=MESNUM
WRITE(6,5001) C,CL,VO.TC.HVO.HO.FD.PV
WRITe(6,5004) COW.DECS
WRITE(6,5002) NF.MF
WRITE(6,5021)
ANF=NF-1
DX=CL/ANF
A=C
DT=(0X/A)
6=9.81
BS=0,0
STEP
STEADY CONDITIONS
XARRAYd )>cO,0
HOVO=HO+(((F*CL)/(1.0*D))*((VO**2)/(2.0*0)))
HUV0=HDVO+HVO
DO 10 1 = 1 , N F
BI=I-1
V(I.1)=V0
10 H { I . l ) = H D V 0 - ( B I * ( F * 0 X ) / ( 1 . 0 * 0 ) ) * ( ( V 0 * * 2 ) / ( 2 . 0 * 6 ) )
WRITE(6.5103)
WRITE(6,5106)
WRITE(6.5109)
W R I T E ( 6 , 5 0 2 0 ) XARRAYd ) , (H( I , 1 ) . 1 = 1 . N F )
WRITE(6,5023)
(V(I,1),I=1,NF)
WRITE(6,5021>
c
c
c
c
STEP
VALVE RESISTANCES DURIN6 CLOSURE

MTC=TC/DT
AMTC=MTC
IT0P=(60.0/90.0) *AMTC
IT0T=IT0P+1
X(1)=0.0
X( IT0T) = 60.0
00000750
00000760
00000770
00000780
00000790
00000800
00000810
00000820
00000830
00000840
00000850
00000860
00000870
00000880
00000690
00000900
00000910
00000920
00000930
00000940
00000950
00000960
00000970
00000980
00000990
OOOOIOOO
00001010
00001020
00001030
00001040
00001050
00001060
00001070
00001080
00001090
OOOOllOO
00001110
00001120
00001130
00001140
00001150
00001160
00001170
00001180
00001190
00001200
00001210
00001220
00001230
00001240
00001250
00001260
00001270
00001280
00001290
00001300
00001310
00J01320
00001330
00001340
00001350
00001360
00001370
00001380
00001390
00001400
00001410
00001420
00001430
00001440
00001450
00001460
00001470
00G01480
00001490
126
1070
1090
1080
1100
1170
1190
1180
1200
ATOT=ITOP
DELX=(X(ITOT) -X(1))/AT0T
DO 1070 K=1,IT0T
AK=K-1
X(K)=X(1)*AK*DELX
M=10
00 1100 I = 1,IT0T
N=M+3
DO 1090 J = l.N
BB(J)=0
FBAR=(2.0*X(I) -(X(ITOT)+Xd)))/(X(ITOT)-X(l))
NN = M-4-1
DO 1080 K=1,NN
KK=K-1
J=(M+1)-(KK*1)
BB(J)=Q(J)+2.0*FBAR*BB(J+l-BB(J+2)
Y(I) = BB(1)-FBAR*BB(2)
BMTC =MTC
LTOP =((82.5-48.0)/90.0)*BMTC
LTOT-LTOP+1
P{l)-A8.0
P(LTOT) =82.5
BTOT =LTOP
DELP =(P(LT0T)-P(1))/BT0T
00 1170 K=1,LT0T
AK-K-1
P(K)= P d ) +AK*DELP
M=10
DO 1200 I=1,LT0T
N=M+3
00 1190 J=1,N
BB(J) =0
FBAR=(2.0*P(I)-(P(LT0T)+P(1)))/(P(LT0T)-P(1)I
NN=M+1
DO 1180 K=1,NN
KK=K-1
J=(M+1)-(KK*1)
BB(J)=E(J)+2.0*FBAR*BB(J+l)-BB(J+2)
WT(I)=BB(1)-FBAR*86(2)
TEMPY(ITOT)
STEP=Y(ITOT)-Y((ITOT-1))
DO 1215 M=1,LT0T
1F((WT(M)-TEMP).GT.STEP) 60 TO 1216
1215 CONTINUE
1216 IINT==IT0T*1
MMM=M
MTOTITOT+(LTOT-MMM)
00 1 2 1 7 K L = I I N T , M T O T
YIKL)=WT(MMM)
X(KL)=P(MMM)
1 2 1 7 MMM=MMMn
WRITE ( 6 . 5 1 0 4 1
DO 1260 L L = 1 . M T 0 T
1260 Z Z ( L L ) = Y ( L L )
MTU=MTOT
WRITE(6.5040) (ZZ(K).K=1.MTU)
WRITE(6.5021)
WRITE(6.5070)
WRITE(6.5102)
W R I T E ( 6 . 5 2 0 1 ) CL
WRITE(6.5202) D
WRITE(6,5203) C
W R I T E ( 6 . 5 2 0 4 ) VO
WRITE(6,5205) F
W R I T E ( 6 , 5 2 0 6 ) HVO
W R I T E ( 6 . 5 2 0 7 ) HO
W R I T E ( 6 , 5 2 0 8 ) PV
W R I T E ( 6 , 5 2 0 9 ) TC
WRITE(6,5101)
WRITE(6,5021)
W R I T E ( 6 , 5 2 1 0 ) CDW
W R I T E ( 6 , 5 2 l l ) DECS
W R I T E ( 6 , 5 2 1 2 ) NF
W R I T E ( 6 , 5 3 0 7 ) (NP
(K),K=l,NPLP)
(K),K=1.NPLV)
W R I T ( 6 . 5 3 1 7 ) (NV
00001500
00001510
00001520
00001530
00001540
00001550
00001560
00001570
00001580
00001590
00001600
00001610
00001620
00001630
00001640
00001650
00001660
00001670
00001680
00001690
00001700
00001710
00001720
00001730
00001740
00001750
00001760
00001770
00001780
00001790
00001800
00001810
00001820
00001830
00001840
00001850
00001860
00001870
00001880
00001890
00001900
00001910
00001920
00001930
00001940
00001950
00001960
00001970
00001980
00001990
00002000
00002010
00002020
00002030
00002040
00002050
00002060
00002070
00002080
00002090
00002100
00002110
00002120
00002130
00002140
00002150
00002160
00002170
00002180
00002190
00002200
00002210
00002220
00002230
00002240
WRITE(6,5070)
WRITE(6T5103+
WRITE(6,5106)
WRITE(6,5109)
WRITE(6, 5020)
WRITE(6,5023)
WRITE(6,5021)
WRITE(6,5105)
WRITE(6,5106)
WRITE(6,5109)
MWR=6
c
c
c
c
c
XARRAYd) , ( H ( 1 , 1 ) , I = 1 . N F )
(V(I,1),I=1,NF)
STEPS
78
WRITTING OF RESULTS
.,
.,...,
DO 30 M=2,HF
A=C-(OECS*XARRAY(M-1))
CDW=0.60/(4.0*CL/A)
DT=DX/A
XARRAY(M>=XARRAY((M-1))+DT
00 2 0 N = 1 , N F
I F { N . E Q . N F ) 60 TO 22
I F ( N . G T . l ) 60 TO 21
**** LEFT END BOUNDARY CONDITION
NS=2
MS=M-1
c
c
c
*** VALVE IS OPEN
72
31
73
32
c
c
c
IF(M.GT.MTU) 60 TO 25
Z=ZZ(M)
IF(BS.NE.O.O) 60 TO 26
HE=(((2.0*G)/Z)*(H(NS,MS)-HUV0)-((2.0*A)/Z)*V(NS,MS))
IF(HE.6T.0.0) 60 TO 31
VP=-(A/Z)+SQRT((A/Z)**2-HE
IF (VP.LE.VO) 60 TO 72
VP=VO
HP=HUV0-((Z/(2.0*6))*(VP**2))
GO TO 32
VP=(A/Z)-SQRT((A/Z)**2*HE)
IF (VP.LE.VO) 60 TO 73
VP=VO
HP=HUVO+((Z/(2.0*G))*(VP**2))
V(N,M)=VP
H(N.M)=HP
IF(H(N.M).LT.PV) GO TO 26
GO TO 20
*** VALVE IS CLOSED
V(N.M)=0.0
H(N.M)=H(NS,MS)+((A/G)*(V(N,M)-V(NS.MS)))
IF(H(N,M).GT.PV) 60 TO 20
***
A BUBBLE EXISTS
24
VBL=0.0
H(N,M)=PV
VBR=V(NS.MS)+((G/A)*(PV-H(NS.MS)))
BG=VBR-VBL
I F ( B G . L T . O . O ) 6 0 TO 23
BS=BS+B6
GO TO 2 8
26 V B L - S Q T ( ( ( 2 . ^ 0 * 6 ) / Z 4 * ( H U V 0 - P V )
VBR=V(NS.MS)+((6/A)*(PV-H(NS,MS)))
B6=VBR-VBL
IF(B6.LT.0.0) 60 TO 23
BS=BS+B6
60 TO 28
23 86=1.2*B6
8S=BS-^B6
00002250
00002260
00002270
00002280
00002290
00002300
00002310
00002320
00002330
00002340
00002350
00002360
00002370
00002380
00002390
00002400
00002410
00002420
00002430
00002440
00002450
00002460
00002470
00002480
00002490
00002500
00002510
00002520
00002530
00002540
00002550
00002560
00002570
00002580
00002590
00002600
00002610
00002620
00002630
00002640
00002650
00002660
00002670
00002680
00002690
00002700
00002710
00002720
00002730
00002740
00002750
00002760
00002770
00002780
00002790
00002800
00002810
00002820
00002830
00002840
00002850
00002860
00002870
00002880
00002890
00002900
00002910
000029^20
00002930
00002940
00002950
00002960
00002970
00002980
128
00003000
00003010
00003020
00003030
00003040
00003050
c
00003060
c
*** BUBBLE COLAPSES
00003070
c
00003080
27 V(N.M)=VBL
00003090
H(N.M)=H(NS.MS)4((A/6)*(V(N.M)-V(NS,MS)))
00003100
WRITE(6,5011) N.XARRAY(M).H(N.M)
00003110
BS=0.0
00003120
KBK=KBK-i-l
00003130
60 TQ 20
00003140
c
00003150
c
**** RI6HT END BOUNDARY CONDITION
00003160
c
00003170
22 H(N.M):*HO
00003180
NR=N-1
00003190
MR=M-1
00003200
V(N,M)=V(NR,MR)-((6/A)*(H0-H(NR,MR)))
00003210
IF(V(N.M).LE.VO) 60 TO 20
00003220
V(N,M)=V0
00003230
60 TO 20
00003240
c
00003250
c
**** INTERMEDIATE POINT ON THE 6RID
00003260
c
00003270
21 NS=N+l
00003280
MS=M-1
00003290
NR=N-1
00003300
MR=M-1
00003310
NQ=N
00003320
MQ=M-2
00003330
IF(M.EQ.2) 60 TO 35
00003340
IF(BS.NE.O.O) 60 TO 402
00003350
BBB=CDW*1.0*DT
00003360
60 TO 500
00003370
402 8BB=CDW*2.0*DT
500 V(N,M)=((V(NR,MR)+V(NS,MS)-((1.0-(0.5*BBB ))*V(NQ,MQ)))/(l.04(0.5*00003380
IBBB))
00003390
H(N.M)=((H(NR.MR)4H(NS.MS))-((1.0-(0.5*BBB ) )*H(NQ.MQ) ) )/d.04(0.5*00003400
00003410
IBBB))
000C3420
IF(H(N,M).eT.PV) 60 TO 20
00003430
H(N,M)=PV
00003440
60 TO 20
00003450
C
00003460
c
** ONLY FOR CALCULATIONS OF THE FIRST TIME STEP
00003470
C
000034*0
35 H(N,M>-0.5*(H(NR.MR)+H(NS,WSH
00003490
V(N.M)=0.5*(V(NR.MR)4-V(NS.MS)I
00003500
20 CONTINUE
00003510
IF(M.Ea.MWR) 60 TO 141
00003520
142 WRITE(6.5020) XARRAY(M),(H(N.M).N=1.NF)
00003530
WRITE(6.5023) (V(N.M).N=1.NF)
00003540
WRITE(6.5021)
00003550
60 TO 30
00003560
141 WRITE(6,5070)
00003570
WRITE(6,5109)
00003580
WRITE(6,5021)
00003590
MWR=MWR+9
00003600
60 TO 142
00003610
30 CONTINUE
0000362C
STEP
9
00003630
PL0TTIN6 OF RESULTS
00003640
CALL PLOT (10.0,2.0,-3)
00003650
CALL PLOT ( 0.0.0.3.3)
00003660
CALL PLOT ( 7,1.0.3,2)
00003670
CALL PLOT ( 7.1,10.5,2)
00003680
CALL PLOT ( 0.0.10.5.2)
00003690
CALL PLOT ( 0.0, 0.3,2)
CALL SYMBOL (1.5,10.25,0.14,30HPRESSURE G VELOCITY ALONG LINE,0.0,00003700
130)
00003710
PHA=0.25
00003720
PHK=0,25
00003730
00003740
PHL=PHK-0.2
28 WRITE(6,5015) N,XARRAY(M),BG.BS
IFIBS.LT.O.O) 60 TO 27
V(N.M)=VBR
H(N.M)=PV
GO TQ 20
129
PHM=PHL42.80
PHU=4.25
00003750
00003760
PHV=PHU+0.63
00003770
PVA=10.00
00003780
PVB=PVA-0.25
00003790
PVC=PVB-0.25
00003800
00003810
PVJ=1.0
00003820
PVK=PVJ-0.1
00003830
PVL=PVK-0.1
00003840
PVN=PVL-0.25
00003850
PVP=PVL40.05
00003860
PVU=i.0
00003870
PVV=PVU-0.2
00003880
CALL SYMBOL (PHA,PVA,0.14,8HEXPMES= ,0.0,8)
00003890
CALL NUMBER (999.,999.,0.14,EXPMES,0.0,-l)
00003900
CALL SYMBOL (PHA,PVB,0.14,3HV0=,0.0,3)
00003910
CALL NUMBER (999.,999..0.14.VO.O.O,2)
00003920
CALL SYMBOL (999.,999..0.14,6H M/SEC,O.O,6)
00003930
CALL SYMBOL (PHA,PVC,0.14,3HTC=,0.0.3)
00003940
CALL NUMBER (999,.999,.0.14.TC.0.0.2>
00003950
CALL SYMBOL (999,.999,.0,14.4H SEC,O,0.4)
00003960
CALL PLOT (4.7.PVA,3)
00003970
CALL PLOT (5,2.PVA,2)
00003980
CALL SYMBOL ( 5,3, PVA.0.14.11H CALCULATED,O,O,11)
CALL SYMBOL (PHK.PVJ,0,07,51H
O
4
8 12 16 20 24 28 32 00003990
00004000
1 36 40 METERS,O.0.51)
8
9 00004010
CALL SYMBOL (PHK,PVK.O.07,40HN= 1 2
6
00004020
1 10,0.0,40)
00004030
CALL PLOT (PHL,PVL,3)
00004040
CALL OLOT i P H M , P V L > 2 t
00004050
DO 2010 1 = 1 , 1 1
00004060
11=1-1
00004070
PHN=PHL4II*0.28
00004080
CALL PLOT (PHN,PVP,3)
00004090
CALL PLOT (PHN.PVL,2)
00004100
2010 CONTINUE
00004110
CALL PLOT (PHL,PVN.-3
00004120
CALL PLOT (0.0,0.0.3)
00004130
CALL PLOT (2.8.0.0,2)
00004140
DO 2011 I=1,NPLT
00004150
YPP(I)=0,0
00004160
2011 CONTINUE
00004170
MMFNPLT4l
00004180
MFD"NPLT42
00004190
PPP(MMF)0,0
00004200
PPP(MF0)14,3
00004210
YPP(NMF)0.0
00004220
YPP(MFD)=0,0
00004230
CALL LINES
(PPP.YPP.NPLT.1,-1,31
P5
00004240
CALL SYMBOL(0.0,-0.1,0.07.41HPl P2
P3
P4
00004250
1P6 ,0,0,41)
VB.O,00004260
CALL SYMBOL (O,0.0.05.O,07,33H VA
00004270
10,33)
00004280
PHLM=-PHL
00004290
PVNM=-PVN
00004300
CALL PLOT (PHLM,PVNM,-3)
00C04310
CALL SYMBOL (PHU,PVU,0,07.9HSCALES: ,0.0.9)
C,,0,0.26) 00004320
CALL SYMBOL (999,.999,.0,07,26HPRESSURES 1CM=10
M,W. .0,0,26)
00004330
CALL SYMBOL (PHV.PVV,0,07.26HVEL0CITY
1CM= 0,5 M/SEC.
00004340
DO 160 1=1,NPLP
00004350
NA=NP(I)
00004360
AA=NP(I)
00004370
ANA=ANP(I)
00004380
MMF=MF4l
00004390
MFD=MF42
00004400
YARRAY(MMF)=0.0
00004410
YARRAY(MFD)=25,4
00004420
XARRAY(MMF)=0,0
00004430
XARRAY(MFD)=0,508
00004440
YV(MMF)=0.0
00004450
YV(MF0)=-1.27
00004460
DO 102 KK=1,MF
00004470
102 YARRAY(KK)=H(NA,KK)
O0OC448O
CALL PLOT (0.0,ANA,-3
0000': V90
YP =H(NA,1)/YARRAY(MFD)
130
CALL PLOT (0,0.YP .3)
CALL PLOT (7,0.YP .2)
CALL LINES (XARRAY.YARRAY.MF.l.0.2)
BNA=-ANA
CALL PLOT (0,0.SNA.-3)
ANAC=ANA40.05
CALL SYMBOL (1.0,ANAC,0.07,4HP(N=,0.0,4)
CALL NUMBER (999.,999.,0.07,AA,0.0,-1)
CALL SYMBOL (999.,999.,0.07,IH).0.0.1)
160 CONTINUE
DO 165 I-1,NPLV
NB=NV(I)
A8=NV(I)
ANB=ANV(I)
00 103 KK=1.MF
103 YV(KK)=V(NB,KK)
CALL PLOT (0.0,0.0,3)
CALL PLOT (7.0,0.0.2)
CALL LINES (XARRAY.YV.MF.l.0,2)
8NB=-ANB
CALL PLOT {0.0,BNB,-3
ANBC=ANB40.05
CALL SYMBOL (1.0,ANBC,0.07.4HV(N=,0.0.4>
CALL NUMBER (999,,999,,0,07.AB.0,0.-1)
CALL SYMBOL (999,,999,.0,07,IH).0,0.1)
165 CONTINUE
XARRAY (MFD)=0,4
CALL FACTOR (0,787)
CALL A X I S ( 0 , 0 . 0 , 3 8 5 , 5 3 H
UN
SECONDS,-53,9.0,0,O.XARRAY(MMF).XARRAY(MFD))
CALL FACTOR (1,0)

CALL PL0T(-10.0.-2.0,-3)
CALL LASPLO
2000 CONTINUE
STOP
END
TIME
00004500
00004510
00004520
00004530
00004540
00004550
00004560
00004570
00004580
00004590
000046OG
00004610
00004620
00004630
00004640
00004650
00004660
00004670
00004680
00004690
00004700
00004710
00004720
00004730
00004740
00004750
00004760
00004770
00004780
00004790
00004800
00004810
00004820
00004830
00004840
00004850
00004860
131
Listing of Computer Programme WHN
The programme WHN
is used to predict transient conditions m
the siphon
system. The programme is based on the new mathematical model. A description of the main steps of the programme is found in appendix E.
Water Hammer - High point - New model
PROGRAMME WHN
C
00000000
C***********************************************************************0Q0Q0010
C**
00000020
C**
00000030
C**
SIPHON SYSTEM WITH BUBBLES AT THE VALVE AND THE HIGH POINT
00000040
C**
00000050
C***********************************************************************000000b0
C
00000070
00000080
5001 F0RMAT(F8.2,F8.2iF8.4,F8.4tF8.4,F8.3,F8.4,F8.3,F8.3)
00000090
5002 FORMAT(216)
00000100
5004 F0RMAT(3F8.4i
00000110
5005 FORMAT(16)
5006 F 0 R M A T ( I 6 )
00000120
5007 F O R M A T d O I 6 )
00000130
5008 FORMAT ( 1 0 F 5 . 2 J
00000140
5009 FORMAT(9F6.2)
00000150
5011 FORMATdH ,9X,19HBUBBLE COLLAPSES N = , I 3 , 5 H T I M E = , E 9 . 3,19HRESULTING 00000160
00000170
1PRESSURE=,E9.3)
5015 FORMATdH ,9X,12HBUBBLE AT N=,13,5X,5HTIME=,E9.3,5X,3HBG=,E9.3, 5X 00000180
00000190
13HBS=,E9.3I
00000200
5016 FORMATdH ,I4,6X,I4,10X,E12.6,10X.E12.6,5X,E12.6,5X,E12.6 )
00000210
5020 FORMATdH , 5X,F8.4,3X,4HH=
,11 (F7.3,2X))
00000220
5021 FORMATdH ,/)
00000230
,11(F7.3,2X ))
5023 FORMATdH , 1 6 X , 4 H V =
00000240
5026 F O R M A T ! 1 6 , F 1 2 . 2 )
00000250
5031 F 0 R M A T ( F 1 0 . 4 , I 4 , F 1 0 . 4 )
00000260
5040 FORMATdH , 1 0 E 1 2 . 6 )
00000270
5044 FORMAT d H l , T 2 0 , FRICTION FACTOR OF BALL VALVE'I
00000280
5102 F 0 R M A T d H 0 , 2 0 X , 2 7 H 0 A T A OF THE SIPHON
LINE)
00000290
5103 F0RMATdH0,20X,15HSTEADY CONOIONS)
00000300
5105 FORMATdH0,20X,33HWATER HAMMER CALCULATIONS RESULTS
5106 FORMATdH0,20X,47HPRESSURE AND VELOCITY HISTORY AT SELECTED POINT 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0
5107 FORMATdH0,20X,29HOATA COMPARE WITH MEASUREMENT,5X,16)
00000320
5109 F O R M A T d H 0 , 7 X , 4 H T I M E , 3 X , 4 H X / L = , 4 X , 3 H 0 . 0 , 6 X , 3 H 0 . 1 , 6 X , 3 H 0 . 2 , 6 X , 3 H 0 . 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 0
1,6X,3H0.4,6X,3H0.5,6X,3H0.6,6X,3H0.7,6X,3H0.8,6X,3H0.9,6X,3H1.0)
00000340
00000350
5901 F 0 R M A T d l F 6 . 2 )
0000036C
DIMENSION N P L L ( I O )
00000370
DIMENSION Z Z ( 9 0 0 )
00000380
DIMENSION X ( 5 0 0 >
00000390
DIMENSION P ( 5 0 0 )
00000400
DIMENSION Y ( 5 0 0 )
00000410
DIMENSION W T ( 5 0 0 )
00000420
DIMENSION Q ( 2 0 )
00000430
DIMENSION E ( 2 0 )
00000440
DIMENSION B B ( 2 0 )
00000450
DIMENSION H d l , e 0 0 ) , V d l , 8 0 0 )
00000460
DIMENSION U B L ( 9 0 0 ) , U B R ( 9 0 0 )
00000470
DIMENS ION X A R R A Y ( 9 0 0 ) , Y A R R A Y ( 9 0 0 ) , Y V ( 9 0 0 )
00000480
DIMENSION E L V ( l l )
00000490
DIMENSION N P ( 2 0 ) , A N P ( 2 0 ) , N V ( 2 0 ) , A N V ( 2 0 ) , P P P ( 2 0 )
00000500
DIMENSION A K P X ( 1 0 ) , A K P Y d O )
00000510
c
00000520
STEP
c
1
00000530
CHEBYSHEV POLYNOMIALS COI
c
00000540
c
00000550
3.4845363745E+01
Q(l) =
00000560
5.9455550667E+01
0(2) =
00000570
0(3) =
3.8761413203E+01
00000560
2iC35439852E+ai
e^4 00000590
0(5) =
1.0192314314E+01
00000600
0(6) = 4.4316219652E+00
OO00610
1.4281122695E+00
Q<7) =
00000620
0(8) =
3.2727171997E-02
00000630
0(9) ' -3.4798289640E-01
00000640
Q(10)= -2.7324098151E-01
00000650
Q(ll)= -9.70e2300198E-02
00000660
Ed) =
1.5171599770E*05
00000670
2.8264739567E+05
E(2) =
00000680
2.2864336661E+05
E(3) >=
00000690
1.6031482763E+05
E(4) =
00000700
9.6743620005E+04
E(5) =
00000710
E(6) =
4.9549807881E+04
00000720
2.1027203679E+04
E(7) =
00000730
7.1102304836E+03
E(8) =
00000740
1.8055376508E+03
E(9) =
E(10)
Edl)=
c
c
c
c
3.1710297590E+O2
3.6239602605E+01
STEP
DATA OF THE LINE
READ (5,5004) COW,COV,DECS

READ(5,5002) NF.MF
READ(5,590l) (ELV(I),I-1,NF)
READ(5,5031) ZHP,NHP,HSIP
c
c
c
POINTS OF PRESSURE VELOCITY PLOTTING

READ (5,5006) NPLP
READ (5,5007)(NP(I),I=1,NPLP )
READ (5,5006) NPLV
READ (5,5007)(NV(I) ,1=1,NPLV)
READ (5,5008)(ANVd ) ,1=1,NPLV)
NPLT=NPLP+NPLV
REAO(5,5008)
NCPF=7
READ(5,5007)
RAD(5,5009)
READ(5,5009)
(PPP(I),I=1,NPLT )
(NPLL(K),K=1,NCPF)
(AKPX(L),L=1,9)
(AKPY(L),L=1,9
DO 2000 111=^1,4
DATA OF THE L I N E
R E A D ( 5 , 5 0 0 5 ) MESNUM
READ(5,5001) C,CL,VO,TC,HVO,HO,F,D,PV
WRITE(6,5102)
W R I T E { 6 , 5 1 0 7 ) MESNUM
EXPME$=MESNUM
WRITE(6,5001)
WRITE(6,5004)
WRITE(6,5901)
WRITE(6,5031)
WRITE(6,5021)
c
c
c
c
STEP
CALCULATIONS DATA
WRITE(6,5002)
WRITE(6,5021)
c
c
c
C,CL,V0,TC,HVO,HO,F,D,PV
CDW,COV,DECS
(ELV(I),I=1,NF)
ZHP,NHP,HSIP
3
NF.MF
STEP
G=9.8l
ANF=NF-1
DX=CL/ANF
A=C
DT=(DX/A
NLF=NHP-1
NRH=NHP+l
BSHP=0.0
BS=0.0
MC0L=2000
THE FOLLOWING FEW STATEMENTS ARE DUMMY

DUMMY=1.0
0UMMY=1.0
0UMMY=1.0
0UMMY=l.0
OUMMY=1.0
0UMMY=1.0
DUMMY=1.0
0UMMY=1.0
0UMMY=1,0
STEP
STEADY CONDITIONS
XARRAYd=0.0
HOVO=HO + (((F*CL)/(1.0*0))*((V0**2)/(2.0*G ))
HUVO=HDVO*HVO
DO 10 1=1,NF
V(I,1)=V0
00000750
00000760
00000770
00000780
00000790
00000800
00000810
00000820
00000830
00000840
00000850
00000860
00000870
O0OOO8BO
00000890
00000900
00000910
00000920
00000930
00000940
00000950
00000960
00000970
00000980
00000990
00001000
00001010
00001020
00001030
00001040
00001050
00001060
00001070
00001080
00001090
OOOOllOO
00001110
00001120
00001130
00001140
00001150
00001160
00001170
00001180
00001190
00001200
00001210
00001220
00001230
00001240
00001250
00001260
00001270
00001280
00C01290
00001300
00001310
00001320
00001330
00001340
00001350
00001360
00001370
00001380
00001390
00001400
00001410
00001420
00001430
00001440
00001450
00001460
00001470
00001480
00001490
134
DUMMY=1.0
DUMMY=1.0
0UMMY=1.0
DUMMY=1.0
BI=I-1
H(1,1)=HDVO-(BI*(F*DX)/(1.0*0))*((V0**2)/(2.0*G)
10 CONTINUE
WRITE(6,5103)
WRITE(6,5106)
WRITE(6,5109)
WRITE(6,5020)
XARRAY(1),(H(I,1),I=1,NF)
WRITE{6,5023) (V(I,1),I=1,NF)
WRITE(6,5021>
C
C
C
C
STEP
6
VALVE RESISTANCES DURING CLOSURE
1070
1090
1080
1100
1170
1190
1180
1200
1215
1216
MTC=TC/0T
AMTC=MTC
ITP=f^,0/90.0) *AMTC
IT0T=IT0P*1
Xd)=0.0
X(IT0T)=60.0
AT0T=IT0P
DO 1070 K=1,IT0T
AK=K-1
X(K) = Xd)+AK*DELX
M=10
00 llOO I = 1,IT0T
N=M+3
DO 1090 J = 1,N
BB(J)=0
FBAR=(2.0*X(I) -(X(ITOT)+X(l)))/(X(ITOT)-Xd))
NN = M+1
DO 1080 K=1,NN
KK=K-1
J=(M+1)-(KK*1)
BB(J)=Q(J)+2.0*FBAR*BB(J+l)-BB(J+2)
Y d ) = BBd)-FBAR*BB(2)
BMTC =MTC
LTOP =((82.5-48.0)/90.0l*BMTC
LT0T=LT0P+1
P(l)=48.0
P(LTOT) =82.5
BTOT =LTOP
DELP =(P(LTOT)-PdJ)/BTOT
DO 1170 K=1,LT0T
AK=K-1
P(K)= P d ) AK*DELP
M=10
00 1200 I=1,LT0T
N=M+3
DO 1190 J=1,N
BB{J) =0
FBAR=(2.0*P(I)-(P(LT0T)+P(1)))/(P(LT0T)-P(1))
NN=M+1
DO 1180 K=1,NN
KK=K-1
J=(M*1)-(KK*1)
BB(J)=E(J)+2.0*FBAR*BB(J-H)-BB(J+2)
W T d ) = BBd-FBAR*BB(2)
TEHP=Y(ITOT)
STEP=Y(ITOT)-Y((ITOT-1)
DO 1215 M=1,LT0T
IF((WT(M)-TEMP).GT.STEP) GO TO 1216
CONTINUE
IINT=IT0T+1
MTOT=I TOT*(LTOT-MMM)
DO 1217 KL=IINT,MTOT
Y(KL)=WT(MMM)
X(KL)=P{MMM)
1217 MMM=MHM+1
00001500
00001510
00001520
00001530
00001540
00001550
00001560
00001570
00001580
00001590
00001600
00001610
00001620
00001630
00001640
00001650
00001660
00001670
00001680
00001690
00001700
00001710
00001720
00001730
00001740
00001750
00001760
00001770
00001780
00001790
00001800
00001810
00001820
00001830
00001840
00001850
00001860
00001870
00001880
00001890
00001900
00001910
00001920
00001930
00001940
00001950
00001960
00001970
00001980
00001990
00002000
00002010
00002020
00002030
00002040
00002050
00002060
00002070
00002080
00002090
00002100
00002110
00002120
00002130
00002140
000C2150
00002160
00002170
00002180
00002190
00002200
00002210
00002220
00002230
00002240
WRITE ( 6 , 5 0 4 4 )
DO 1 2 6 0 L L = l , H T O T
1260 ZZ(LL)=Y(LL)
MTU=MTOT
WRITE(6,5040) (ZZ(K,K-1,MTU
WRITE(6,5021)
WRITE(6,5105)
LC=15
C
C************************************
c**
**
C**
STEPS
768
**
C**
WATER HAMMER CALCULAYIONS
**
C**
WRITING OF RESULTS
**
C**
**
C************************************
C
KLK=5
00 30 M=2,MF
A=C-(OECS*XARRAY(M-1))
CDW=0.69/(4.0*CL/A
DT=DX/A
XARRAY(M)=XARRAY((M-1))*DT
DO 20 N=1,NF
IF(N.EQ.NF) GO TO 22
IF(N.GT.l) GO TO 21
C
C
C
****LEFT END BOUNDARY CONDITION

NS=2
MS=M-l
C
C
C
***VALVE IS OPEN
72
31
73
32
IF (M.GT.MTU) GO TO 25
Z=ZZ(M)
IF(BS.NE.O.O) GO TO 26
H=(((2.0*G)/Z*(H(NS,MS-HUV0)-((2.0*A)/Z)*V(NS,MS))
IF(HE.GT.O.O) GO TO 31
VP=-(A/Z)+SQRT{(A/Z)**2-HE)
IF (VP.LE.VO) GO TO 72
VP=VO
HP=HUV0-((Z/(2.0*G))*(VP**2)
GO TO 32
VP=(A/Z)-SQRT({A/Z)**2+HE)
IF (VP.LE.VO) GO TO 73
VP = VO
HP=HUVO+((Z/(2.0*G))*(VP**2)
V(N,M)=VP
H(N,M=HP
IF(H(N,M).LT.PVI GO TO 26
GO TO 20
***VALVE IS CLOSED
V(N,M)=0.0
H(N,M)=H(NS,MS)+((A/G)*(V(N,M)-V(NS,MS)
IF(H(N,M).GT.PV) GO TO 20
***BUBBLE EXISTS
24 VBL=0.0
H(N,M)=PV
VBR=V(NS,MS)+((G/A)*(PV-H(NS,MS)))
BG=VBR-VBL
IF(BG.LT.O.O) GO TO 23
GO To 28
26 VBL=SQRT(((2.0*0)/Z)*{HUVO-PV))
VBR=V(NS,MS)+((G/A)*(PV-H(NS,MS)))
BG=VBR-VBL
IF(BG.LT.O.O) GO TO 23
BS=BS+BG
GO TO 28
00002250
00002260
00002270
00002280
00002290
00002300
00002310
00002320
00002330
00002340
00002350
00002360
00002370
00002380
00002390
00002400
00002410
00002420
00002430
00002440
00002450
00002460
00002470
00002480
00002490
00002500
00002510
00002520
00002530
00002540
00002550
00002560
00002570
00002580
00002590
00002600
00002610
00002620
00002630
00002640
00002650
00002660
00002670
00002680
00002690
00002700
00002710
00002720
00002730
00002740
00002750
00002760
00002770
00002780
00002790
00002800
00002810
00002820
00002830
00002840
00002850
00002860
00002870
00002880
00002890
00002900
00002910
00OO2929
00002930
00002940
00002950
00002960
00002970
00002980
00002990
136
23 BG=1.2*BG
BS=BS+BG
28 W R I T E ( 6 , 5 0 1 5 ) N,M,BG,BS
LC=LC+1
I F ( A B S ( B G ) . G T . B S ) GO TO 27
V(N,M)=VBR
H(N,M)=PV
GO TO 20
c
c
c
***BUBBLE COLLAPSES
27
c
c
V(N,M)=VBL
H(N,M)=H(NS,MS)+((A/G)*(V(N,M)-V(NS,MS))
WRITE(6,5011) N,M,H(N,M)
LC=LC+1
BS=0.0
GO TO 20
****RIGHT END BOUNDARY CONDITION
22 H(N,M)=H0
NR=N-1
MRM-1
V(N,N)=V(NR,MR)-((G/A)*(HO-H(NR,MR)))
IF (V(N,M).LE.VO) GO TO 20
V(N,M)=VO
GO TO 20
c
c
c
* * * * I N T E R M I D I A T E POINTS ON THE GRID
21 NS=N+1
MS=M-1
NR=N-1
MR = M-1
NO=N
MQ=M-2
IF (M.EQ.2) GO TO 3 5
I F ( ( N . N . N L F ) . A N D . ( N . N E . N H P ) . A N D . ( N . N E . N R H ) ) GO TO 87
I F ( ( B S H P . N E . O . O ) . A N O . ( N . E Q . N L F ) ) GO TO 85
I F ( ( ( B S H P . N E . O . O ) . A N O . ( B S H P . E Q . B G H P ) ) . A N 0 . ( N . E Q . N R H ) GO TO 87
I F ( ( B S H P . N E . O . O ) . A N O . ( N . E Q . N R H ) ) GO TO 86
I F ( ( B S H P . N E . O . O ) . A N D . ( N . E Q . N H P ) ) GO TO 82
I F ( K L K . E Q . l ) GO TO 88
GO TO 87
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
***BUBBLE AT THE TOP JUST COLLAPSES
88 V(NR,MR)=UBR(MR)
KLK-KtK-H
GO TO 87
***BUBBLE EXISTS AT THE TOP, CALCULATIONS FOR NHP

90 DUMMY=l.0
DUMMY=1.0
82 UBL(M)=V(NR,MR)-((G/A)*((PV*ZHP)-H(NR,MR)))
UBR(M)=V(NS,MS)*((G/A*((PV+ZHP)-H{NS,MS)))
BGHP=UBR(M)-UBL(M)
IF (BGHP.GT.0.0) GO TQ 89
SBHPF=1.2+0.05*ZHP
BGHP=SBHPF*BGHP
89 BSHP=BSHP+BGHP
WRITE(6,5016) N,H,BGHP,BSHP.UBLIN),UBR(M)
LC=LC+1
V(N,M)=0.0
H(N,M)=PV*ZHP
IF (A8S(BGHP).GT.BSHP> GO TO 83
GO TO 20
83 BSHP=0.0
MCOL=M
KLK=1
V(N,M)=0.5*(UBLIM)+UBR(M))
H(N,M)(PV+ZHP)*0.5*(A/G)*ABS(UBR(M)-UBL(M)
GO TO 20
00003000
00003010
00003020
00003030
00003040
00003050
00003060
00003070
00003080
00003090
00003100
00003110
00003120
00003130
00003140
00003150
00003160
00003170
00003180
00003190
00003200
00003210
00003220
00003230
00003240
00003250
00003260
00003270
00003280
00003290
00003300
00003310
00003320
00003330
00003340
O0OC335O
00003360
00003370
00003380
00003390
00003400
00003410
00003420
00003430
00003440
00003450
00003460
00003470
00003480^
00003490
00003500
03003510
00003520
00003530
00003540
00003550
00003560
00003570
00003580
00003590
00003600
00003610
00003620
00003630
00003640
00003650
00003660
00003670
00003680
00003690
00003700
00003710
00003720
00003730
00003740
137
00003750
0000376C
00003770
85 H(N,M)=0.5*(H(NR,MR) + (PV+ZHP) + (A/G)*V(NR, MR)-(A/G)*UBL(MS))
00003780
V(N,M)=V(NR,MR)-(G/A)*(H(N,M)-H(NR,MR))
00003790
IF(H(N,M).GT.(PV+ELV(N))) GO TO 20
00003800
H(N,M)=PV+ELV(N)
00003810
GO TO 20
00003820
00003830
***BUBBLE EXISTS AT THE TOP, CALCULATIONS FOR POINT RIGHT TO NHP 00003840
00003850
00003860
86 H(N,M)=0.5*((PV+ZHP)+H(NS,MS)+(A/G)*UBR(MR)-(A/G)*VINS,MS))
00003670
V( N,M)=UBR(MR-(G/A)*(H(N,M)-(PV+ZHP))
IF(H(N,M).GT.(PV+ELV(N))) GO TO 20
00003880
H(N,M)=PV+ELV(N)
00003890
GO TO 20
00003900
00003910
* * * I N T E R M E D I A T E POINTS ON THE GRID
00003920
0000393
EXCLUDING: NHP,NLF,NRH ( I F A BUBBLE EXISTS AT TOP)
00003940
00003950
87 I F ( ( B S . E Q . O . O ) . A N O . ( B S H P . E Q . O . O ) ) GO TO 4 0 1
00003960
I F i ( 8 S . N E . 0 . 0 ) . A N D . ( B S H P . E Q . 0 . 0 ) ) GO TO 402
00003970
I F ( ( B S . N E . O . O ) . A N D . ( B S H P . N E . O . O ) ) GO TO 403
00003980
I F ( N . L T . N H P ) GO TO 4 0 2
00003990
I F ( N . G T . N H P ) GO TO 403
00004000
4 0 1 BBB=CDW*1.0*DT
00004010
GO TO 1 8 7
00004020
402 BBB=CDW*2.0*DT
00004030
GO TO 1 8 7
00004040
403 BBBCOW*4.e*OT
187 V ( N , M ) = ( ( V ( N R , M R ) + V ( N S , M S ) ) - ( d . 0 - ( 0 . 5 * B B B ) t * V ( N Q , M Q ) ) ) / d . 0 + ( 0 . 5*00004050
00004060
IBBB)
H ( N , M ) = ( ( H ( N R , M R ) + H ( N S , M S ) ) - ( d . O - ( 0 . 5 * B B B ) ) * H ( N Q , M Q ) ) ) / d . 0 + ( O . 5*00004070
00004080
IBBB))
00004090
I F ( N . E Q . N H P ) GO TO 84
00004100
I F ( H ( N , M ) . G T . ( P V + E L V ( N ) ) ) GO TO 20
00004110
H(N,M)=PV+ELV(N)
00004120
GO TO 20
00004130
84 I F ( M C O L . L T . 1 0 0 0 ) GO TO 9 1
00004140
HHP=H(N,M)-ZHP
00004150
I F ( H H P . L E . P V ) GO TO 8 2
00004160
GO TO 20
00004170
91 H(N,M)=0.5*(H(NR,MR)+H(NS,MS)+(A/G)*(V(NR,MR)-V{NS,MS))I
00004180
V(N,M)=0.5*(V(NR,MR>+V(NS,MS)+(G/A)*(H(NR,MR)-H(NS,MS)))
00004190
MCOL=2000
00004200
GQ^TO 20
00004210
00004220
**QNLY FOR CALCULATIONS OF THE FIRST TIME STEP
00004230
00004240
35 H(N,M)=0.5*(H(NR,MR)+H(NS,MS))
00004250
V(N,M)=0.5*(V(NR,MR)+V(NS,MS ) >
00004260
20 CONTINUE
00004270
WRITE(6,5020) XARRAY(M),(H(N,M),N=1,NF)
00004280
WRITE(6,5023) (V(N,M),N=l,NF)
00004290
WRITE(6,5021)
00004300
LC=LC+4
00004310
IF (LC.LE.36) GO TO 30
00004320
WRITE(6,5070)
00004330
WRITE(6,5109)
00004340
WRITE(6,5021)
00004350
LC=3
00004360
30 CONTINUE
00004370
WRITE(6.5021)
00004380
WRITE(6,5106)
00004390
00004400
STEP
9
00004410
PLOTTING OF RESULTS
00004420
00004430
CALL PLOTS (2,30)
00004440
CALL PLOT (0,0,2.0,-3)
00004450
CALL PLOT ( 0.0,0.3,3)
00004460
CALL PLOT (15.8,0.3,2)
00004470
CALL PLOT (15.8,10.5,2)
00004480
CALL PLOT ( 0.0,10.5,2)
00004490
CALL PLOT ( 0.0, 0.3,2)
***BUBBLE EXISTS AT THE TOP, CALCULATIONS FOR POINT LEFT TO NHP
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
CALL SYMBOL (3.5,10.25,0.14,30HPRESSURE & VELOCITY ALONG LINE,0.0,00004500

130)
00004510
CALL SYMBOL (4.0,10.00,0.14,20H(CALCULATE0 RESULTS),0.0,20)
00004520
PHA-0.25
00004530
PHU'10.0
00004540
PHV-PHU+l.26
00004550
PHW=PHU+2.9
00004560
PHX-PHW-0.07
00004570
PHY=PHX+0.14
00004580
PHZ=PHU+3.094
00004590
PVA=10.00
00004600
PVB=PVA-0.25
00004610
PVC=PVB-0.25
00004620
PVU=10.0
00004630
PVV=PVU-0.47
00004640
PVW=PVU-0.14
00004650
PVX=PVU+0.254
00004660
PVY=PVU-0.604
00004670
PVZ=PVU-0.21
00004680
CALL SYMBOL (PHA>PVA,0.14,8HEXPMESs ,0.0,8)
00004690
CALL NUMBER (999.,999,,0.14,EXPMES,0.0,-1)
00004700
CALL SYMBOL (PHA,PV8,0,14,3HV0=,0.0,3)
00004710
CALL NUMBER (999.,999.,0.14,VO,0.0,2)
00004720
CALL SYMBOL (999.,999.,0.14,6H M/SEC,0.0,6)
00004730
CALL SYMBOL (PHA,PVC,0.14,3HTC=,0.0,3)
00004740
CALL NUMBER (999.,999.,0.14,TC,0.0,2)
00004750
CALL SYMBOL (999.,999.,0.14,4H SEC,0.0,4)
00004760
CALL SYMBOL (PHU,PVU,0.14,9HSCALES: ,0.0,9)
00004770
CALL SYMBOL (999.,999.,0.14,lOHPRESSURES ,0.0,10)
00004780
CALL PLOT (PHW,PVW,3)
00004790
CALL PLOT (PHW,PVX,2)
00004800
CALL PLOT (PHX,PVX,3)
00004810
CALL PLOT (PHY,PVX,2)
00004820
CALL PLOT (PHX,PVW,3)
00004830
CALL PLOT (PHY,PVW,2)
00004840
CALL SYMBOL (PHZ,PVU,0.14,13H =10
H.W.C.,0.0,13)
00004850
CALL SYMBOL ( PHV,PVV,0.14,lOHVELOCITY ,0.0,10
00004860
CALL PLOT (PHW,PVY,3)
00004870
CALL PLOT (PHW,PVZ,2)
00004880
CALL PLOT (PHX,PVZ,3)
00004890
CALL PLOT (PHY,PVZ,2)
00004900
CALL PLOT (PHX,PVY,3)
00004910
CALL PLOT (PHY,PVY,2)
00004920
CALL SYMBOL (PHZ,PVV,0.14,12H = 0.5 M/SECO.0,12)
00004930
ABSCIS=320.0
00004940
ORDINT=35.0
00004950
CALL LOOP (ABSCIS,ORDINT,HSIP,NCPF,NPLL,AKPX,AKPY,CL)
0000496C
CALL FACTOR d.O
00004970
DO 160 1=1,NPLP
00004980
NA>NP(I)
00004990
AA=NP(I)
00005000
ANA=ANP(I)
00005010
MMF=MF+1
00005020
MFD=MF+2
00005030
YARRAY(MMF)=0.0
00005040
YARRAY(MFD)=25.4
00005050
XARRAY(MMF)=0.0
00005060
XARRAY(MFD)=0.508
00005070
YV(MMF)=0.0
00005080
YV(MFD)=-1.27
00005090
DO 102 KK=1,MF
00005100
102 YARRAY(KK)=H(NA,KK)
00005110
CALL PLOT (0.0,ANA,-3)
00005120
YP =H(NA,1)/YARRAY(MFD)
00005130
CALL PLOT (0,0,YP ,3)
00005140
CALL PL0T(15.8,YP ,2
00005150
CALL LINES (XARRAY,YARRAY,MF,1,0,21
00005160
8NA=-ANA
00005170
CALL PLOT (0.0,BNA,-3)
00005180
ANAC=ANA+0.05
00005190
00005200
CALL NUMBER (999.,999.,0.10,AA,0.0,-1)
00005210
CALL SYMBOL (999.,999.,0.10,IH),0.0,1)
00005220
160 CONTINUE
00005230
DO 165 1=1,NPLV
00005240
NB=NV(I)
AB=NV(n
ANB=ANV(I)
DO 103 KK=1,MF
103 YV(KK)=V(NB,KK)
CALL PLOT (0.0,0.0,3)
CALL PLOT(15.8,0.0,2)
CALL LINES (XARRAY,YV,MF,1,0,2
BNB=-ANB
CALL PLOT (0.0,BNB,-3
ANBC=ANB+0.10
CALL SYMBOL (1.0,AN8C,0.10,4HV(N=,0.0,4)
CALL NUMBER (999,,999.,0.10,AB,0.0,-1 J
CALL SYMBOL (999.,999.,0.10,IH),0.0,1)
165 CONTINUE
XARRAY (MF0)=0.4
CALL FACTOR (0.787)
CALL AXIS (0.O,O.385,127H
1
2
TIME IN SECONDS,
3-127,20.0,0.0,XARRAY(MHF,XARRAY(MFD
CALL FACTOR d.O
CALL PLOT (0.0,-2.0,-3)
CALL LASPLO
2000 CONTINUE
STOP
END
BEGIN SUBROUTINE
THIS PROGRAM PLOTS THE CONFIGURATION OF THE LOOP WITH PRESSURE.
TRANSDUCERS AND VELOCITY_METERS.ALSO THE SCHEMATIZED POINTS OF
THE CALCULATION WILL BE PLOTTED.
10
20
30
40
SUBROUTINE LOOP(A8SCIS,0RDINT,HSIP,NCPF,NPLL,AKPX,AKPY,CL
DIMENSION A K P X ( 1 0 ) , A K P Y ( 1 0 )
DIMENSION N P L L d O )
X=ABSCIS
Y=OROINT
NPLT=NCPF
CALL FACTOR(0.02953
NHSIP=HSIP
NHSIPQ=NHSIP-5
IF (NHSIPQ) 1 0 , 2 0 , 3 0
AA=15.0
AB=13.0
AC=6.7
GO TO 40
AA=25.0
AB>23.0
AC=16.7
60 TO 40
AA=40.0
AB=38.0
AC=31.7
CALL PL0T(X
,Y2.0,3
CALL PL0T(X+
5.0,Y2.0,2)
CALL P L 0 T ( X + 5 . 0 T + 1 0 . 0 , 2
CALL PL0T(X+ 5 . 0 , Y +
8.0,3)
CALL PLOT(X+
3.0,Y+
8.0,2
CALL S Y M B O L { X - 3 . 0 , Y + 7 . 0 , 3 . 0 , 2 H H A , 0 . 0 , 2
CALL S Y M B O L ( X + 6 . 0 , Y , 2 . 0 , 1 2 , 9 0 . 0 , - H
CALL PLOT(X+
7.0,Y
,3
CALL PLOT(X+ 9 9 . 5 , Y
,2)
CALL PLOT(X+ 9 9 . 5 , Y + AA
,2)
CALL P L 0 T ( X + 1 1 4 . 5 , Y + AA
.2)
CALL P L 0 T ( X + 1 1 5 . 5 , Y + AA
,3
CALL P L 0 T ( X + 1 1 7 . 5 , Y + AA
,2)
CALL SYMB0L(X+119.0,Y+AB
M.,0.0,14)
,3.0,14HHSIPH0N=
CALL NUMBER(X+143.0,Y+A6
,3.0fHSIP,0.0,l
CALL P L 0 T ( X + 1 1 4 . 5 , Y + AA
f3)
CALL P L 0 T ( X + 1 1 4 . 5 , Y
,2)
CALL P L 0 T ( X + 2 0 7 . 0 , Y
,2
CALL PLOT(X+207.0,Y+
CALL PL0T(X+2C7.0,Y-
7.5,3)
2.0,2)
00005250
00005260
O0CO5270
00005280
00005290
00005300
000531
00005320
00005330
00005340
00005350
00005360
00005370
00005380
00005390
00005400
0000541C
00005420
00005430
00005440
00005450
00005460
00005470
00005480
00005490
00005500
00005510
00005520
00005530
00005540
00005550
00005560
00005570
00005580
00005590
00005600
00005610
00005620
C0005630
00005640
00005650
00005660
00005670
00005680
00005690
00005700
00005710
00005720
00005730
00005740
00005750
00005760
00005770
00005780
00005790
00005800
00005810
O0O0520
00005830
00005840
00005850
00005860
00005870
00005880
00005890
00005900
00005910
00005920
00005930
00005940
00005950
00005960
00005970
00005980
00005990
140
CALL PL0T{X+212.0,Y- 2.0,2)
CALL PLOT(X+207.0,Y+ 5.5,3
CALL PL0T(X+209.0,Y+ 5.5,2
CALL SYMBOL(X+210.0,Y+4.5,3.0,2HHB,0,0,2
CALL PLOT(X+207.0,Y- 16.3,3
CALL PLOT(X+ 7.0,Y- 16.3,2
DINC=0.0
DO 200 INC=1,201,10
RINC=INC
V=X+6.0
200
c
c
c
50
60
70
455
110
120
130
456
466
450
100
c
c
c
00006000
00006010
00006020
00006030
00006040
00006050
00006060
00006070
00006080
00006090
CALL S Y M B O L ( V + R I N C , Y - 1 6 . 3 , 2 . 0 , 1 3 , 0 . 0 , - 1 )
00006100
CALL N U M 8 E R ( V + R I N C - 2 . 0 , Y - 2 0 . 0 , 2 . 1 , D I N C , 0 . 0 , 1
00006110
DINC=DINC+2.0
00006120
CONTINUE
00006130
CALL STRIPE(X+
7.0,Y8.3,X+102.5,Y8.3)
00006140
CALL S T R I P E ( X + 1 0 2 . 5 , Y 8 . 3 , X + 1 0 2 . 5 , Y + AC
00006150
CALL STRIPE(X+102.5,Y+ AC ,X+111.5,Y+ AC )
00006160
CALL STRIPE(X+111.5,Y+ AC ,X+111.5,Y- 8.3
00006170
CALL STRIPE(X+111.5,Y- 8.3,X+207.0,Y- 8.3
00006180
CALL SYMB0L(X-76.0,Y+7.0 ,3.0,13HSIPH0N SCHEME,0,0,13
00006190
CALL SYMB0L{X-76.0,Y+2.0 ,3.0,12HPIPE LENGTH=,0.0,12
00006200
00006210
CALL NUMBER(999.O,999.O,3.O,CL,0.0,2)
00006220
CALL SYMBOL (999.O,999.O,3.O,3H H.,0.0,3
00006230
CALL SYMB0L(X-76.0,Y -3,,3.0,21HH0RIZ0NTAL SPAN=40 M.,0.0,21)
00006240
PLOTTING OF POINTS USED FOR THE CALCULATIONS(ON THE STRIPED LINE 00006250
00006260
DO 100 LM=1,NPLT
00006270
00006280
POINT=NPLL(LM
W=X+7.0
00006290
IF(LM.Ea.4> GO TO 444
00006300
00006310
IF(LM.EQ.5 GO TO 455
00006320
IF(LM.GT.5 GO TO 466
CCL=CL/10.0*(P0INT-1.0)
00006330
XCL=CCL*5.0
00006340
DY=-8.3
00006350
GO TO 450
00006360
XCL=100.0
00006370
00006380
IF (NHSIPQ) 5O,60f70
00006390
DY=6.7
00006400
GO TO 450
00006410
DY-16,7
00006420
GO TO 450
DY-31.7
00006430
GO TO 450
00006440
XCL104.5
00006450
IF (NHSIPQ
110,120,130
00006460
DY0.8
00006470
GO TO 456
00006480
DY=-0.8
00006490
00006500
GO TO 456
OY-10.5
00006510
GO TO 456
00006520
CALL SYMBOL(W+XCL,Y+DY,2.0,4,0.0,-1)
00006530
CALL SYMBOL(W+XCL+1.5,Y+OY-1.0,2,4,1HN,0.0,1)
00006540
CALL SYMBOL<999,0,999.0,2.4,IHs,0.0,1)
00006550
00006560
CALL NUM8ER(999.0,999.0,2.4,POINT,0.0,-1)
GO TO 100
00006570
CCL=CL/10.0*(11.0-POINT)
00006580
00006590
SCL=40.0-CCL
00006600
XCL=SCL*5.0
00006610
DY=-8.3
CALL SYMBOL(W+XCL,Y+DY,2.0,4,0.0,-1)
00006620
00006630
CALL SYMBOL(W+XCL-2.0,Y+DY-3.0,2.4,1HN,0.0,1)
CALL SYMBOL(999.0,999.0,2.4,1H=,0.0,1
00006640
CALL NUMBER(999.0,999.0,2.4,POINT,0.0,-II
00006650
CONTINUE
00006660
00006670
PLOTTING OF POINTS USED FOR THE MEASUREMENTSION THE DRAWN LINE
00006680
00006690
DO 300 LK=1,9
00006700
RW=X+7.0
00006710
RXCL=AKPX(LK*5.0
00006720
RYCL=AKPY(LK)*5.0
00006730
RCL=RW+RXCL
00006740
141
YCL =Y+RYCL
APOINT=LK
221
222
229
300
c
c
c
c
c
c
BP0INT=AP0INT-1.0
IF(LK.EQ.l) GO TO 221
IF(LK.EQ.2 GO TO 222
IF(LK.EQ.9) GO TO 229
CALL SYMBOL (RCL,YCL,2.0,1,0.0,-1)
CALL SYMBOL (RCL-1.0,YCL +3.0,2.4,1HP,0.0,1)
CALL NUMBER
(999.0,999.0,2.4,BP0INT,0.0,-1)
GO TO 300
CALL SYMB0L(RCL,YCL,2.0,1,0.0,-1
CALL SYMBOL(RCL-1.0,YCL+3.0 ,2.4,1HP,0.0,1
CALL NUMBER(999.0,999.0,2.4,APQINT,0.0,-1
GO TO 300
CALL SYMBOL(RCL,YCL ,2.0,2,-90.0,-1)
CALL SYMBQL(RCL-2.0,YCL +3.0,2.4,2HVA,0.0,2
GO TO 300
CALL SYMBOL(RCL,YCL ,2.0,2,-90.0,-1)
CALL SYMB0L(RCL-1.0,YCL +3.0,2.4,2HVB,0.0,2)
CONTINUE
RETURN
END
BEGIN SUBROUTINE
THIS SUBROUTINE PLOTS STRIPED HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL LINES FROM
THE POINT (XO,YO) TO THE POINT (X,Y),
666
777
888
999
SUBROUTINE STRIPEIXO,YO,X,Y)
CALL FACTOR(0.02953)
CALL PL0T(X0,Y0,3)
XI=XO
YI=YO
0X1=3.0
DY1=3.0
0X0=2.0
DY0=2.0
IF((Y-Y0).EQ.0.0) GO TO 666
IF((X-XO).EQ.O.O GO TO 777
XI=XI+DX1
CALL PL0T(XI,YI,2
XI=XI+DXO
CALL PL0T{XI,YI,3
IF{(X-XI,LE.(DX0+DX1) GO TO 999
GO TO 666
IF((Y-YO,LT.O.O GO TO 888
YI=YI+DY1
CALL PL0T{XI,YI,2)
YI=YI+DYO
CALL PL0T(XI,YI,3
IF((Y-YI).LE.(DY0+0Y1)) GO TO 999
GO TO 777
YI=YI-DY1
CALL PL0T(XI,YI,2
YI=YI-DYO
CALL PL0T(XI,YI,3)
IF(ABS(Y-YH.LE.(DY0+DY1 GO TO 999
GO TO 888
CALL PL0T(X,Y,2)
RETURN
END
00006750
0COO6760
00006770
00006780
00006790
00006800
00006810
00006820
00006830
00006840
00006850
00006860
00006870
00006680
00006890
00006900
00006910
00006920
00006930
-00006940
00006950
00006960
00006970
00006980
00006990
00007000
00007010
00007020
00007030
00007040
00007050
00007060
00007070
00007080
00007090
00007100
00007110
00007120
00007130
00007140
00007150
00007160
00007170
00007180
00007190
00007200
00007210
00007220
00007230
00007240
00007250
0000726C
00007270
00007280
00007290
00007300
00007310
00007320
00007330
00007340
00007350
143
Listing of Computer Programme WCN
*)
The programme WCN
is used to predict transient conditions m
the conden-
sor system. The programme is based on the new mathematical model. A description of the programme is found in appendix F.
Water hammer- Condensor system - New model
144
PROGRAMME WCN
C
OOOOOOOO
C***********************************************************************OOOOQOIO
C**
00000020
C**
00000030
C**
CONDENSER SYSTEM
00000040
C**
00000050
C**********************************************************************00000060
C
00000070
5001
5002
5003
5004
5005
5006
5007
5008
5010
5011
F0RMAT(F8.2,F8.2,F8.4,F8.4,F8.4,F8.3,F6.4,F8.3,F8.3
00000080
F0RMAT(2I6
00000090
F0RMAT(8F10.2)
00000100
FQRMAT(3F8.4,F4.2
OOOOOllO
FORMAT(16
00000120
F0RMAT(I6
00000130
F0RMAT(10I6
00000140
F0RMAT(10F5.2
00000150
FORMATdH
* * * BUBBLE COLLAPSES AT N = ' , I 2
00000160
FORMATdH
* * * BUBBLE COLLAPSES AT N = , 1 2 , 4 X , R E S U L T I N G PRESSURE 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 0
1=,F7.3,4X TIME=,F7.3
00000180
5012 FORMATdH 1 0 X , I 6
00000190
5013 FORMATdH 1 0 E 1 2 . 6
00000200
5014 FORMAT(IHO / / )
00000210
5015 FORMATdH 'BUBBLE AT N = , I 2 , BG = , F 8 . 3 , 5 X , B S = , F 7 . 3 , 4 X , T I M E = O 0 O 0 0 2 2 0
*,F7.3,52X M= , I 4 )
00000230
,13(F7.3,1X))
00000240
5020 FORMATdH 5 X , F 8 . 4 , 3 X , 4 H H =
/)
00000250
00000260
00000270
00000280
00000290
OOC00300
00000310
00000320
00000330
00000340
00000350
00000360
00000370
00000380
I
5102 FORMATdHl 20X,27HDATA OF CONDENSER
00000390
5103 FORMAT(IHO 20X,15HSTEA0Y CONDIONS
00000400
5104 FORMAT(IHO 20X,31HVALVE RESISTANCE DURING CLOSURE)
00000410
5105 FORMAT(IHO 20X,33HWATER HAMMER CALCULATIONS RESULTS)
00000420
5106 FORMATdH 20X,39HPRESSURES AND VELOCITIES ALONG THE PIPE)
00000430
5107 FORMATdH 20X,29HDATA COMPARE WITH MEASUREMENT,5X,16)
00000440
5108 FORMAT(IHO 20X,30HP01NTS OF PRESSURE MEASUREMENT,5X,16)
5109 FORMAT(IHO 7X,4HTIME,3X,4HX/L=,4X,3H0.0,5X,3H0.1,5X,3HO.2,5X,3H0.300000450
00000460
l , 5 X , 3 H 0 . 4 , 9X,3H0.5,9X,3H0.6,5X,3H0.7,5X,3H0.8,5X,3H0.9,5X,3H1.0
5 2 0 1 FORMAT(IHO 6X,35HPIPE LENGTH
H.
00000470
iF10.3>
5202 FORMATdH 6X,35HPIPE DIAMETER
M.
00000480
.Flo.3
5203 FORMATdH 6X,35HCELERITY
M./SEC.
00000490
iFlO.3)
00000500
M./SEC.
iFlO.3)
5 2 0 4 FORMATdH 8X,35HSTEA0Y VELOCITY
00000510
iFlO.3
5205 FORMATdH 8X,35HSTADY FRICTION COEFFICENT
00000520
5206 FORMATdH 8X,35HSTEA0Y HEAD LOSS IN VALVEM.(WATER iFlO.3)
00000530
5207 FORMATdH 8X,35HL0W LEVEL RESERVOIR HEAD M.(WATER iFlO.3
00000540
M.(WATER) >F10.3)
5208 FORMATdH 8X,35HVAP0R PRESSURE
00000550
rFlO.3)
5209 FORMATdH 8X,35HVALVE CLOSURE TIME
SEC.
00000560
iF10.3)
5210 FORMATdHO 8X,35HM0MENTUM LOSS COEFFICENT /SEC.
00000570
>F10.3
5211 FORMATdH 8X,35HCELERITY DECREASE RATE
00000580
5212 F0RMATdHa,6X,29HeALeULATI0NS DONE USING
NF ,13
5307 FORMATdHO 8X,39HPRESSURE HISTORY PLOTS CORRESPOND TO N ,8(3X,1300000590
5308 FORMATdHO 8X,'ELAVATIGN OF MEASURE POINTS',11F6.2)
00000600
5 7 0 1 F 0 R M A T ( I 6 , F8.2,Fe.2
00000610
5 8 0 1 FORMATdH
BUBBLE AT N=,I2,' BGU=,F8.3,5X ,'BSU=',F7.3,6X,'PU=00000620
*
F 7 . 3 6X,'PD=',F7.3,5X,'VLU=',F7.3,5X,'VRU=',F7.3,4X,'M= ,1400000630
00000640
*
5802 FORMATdH ,2HN=,I2,4X,2HM=,I4,2X,4HBGD=,F9.4,2X,4HBSD=,F9.4,2X,4HP00000650
1U= ,F9.4,2X,3HPD=,F9.4,2X,4HVLD=,F9.4,2X,4HVR0=,F9.4
00000660
5901 F0RHAT(11F6,1
0000067C
DIMENSION ELV(21,NPLL(21,HMPL(21
00000680
DIMENSION H(21,1350,V(21,1350
00000690
DIMENSION XARRAY(1350,YARRAY(1350,YV(1350
00000700
DIMENSION VLU(1350),VRU(1350),VVV(1350)
00000710
DIMENSION PUd350>,PDd350
00000720
DIMENSION NP(20>,ANP(2O,NV(2,ANV(20,PPP(20,YPP(20)
00000730
DIMENSION Z Z d O O O )
00000740
5021 FORMATdH
5022 FORMATdH
20X,F10.6)
,5(F7.3,1X),4X,F7.3,5X,5(F7.3,1X))
5023 FORMATdH 7 X , ' M = ' , I 4 , 3 X , V =
5026 FORMAT(16, 1 2 . 2 )
5040 FORMATdH 1 0 E 1 2 . 6 )
5 0 4 4 FORMAT ( I H l ,T20, 'FRICTION FACTOR OF BALL VALVE
5053 FORMATdH 5HAXISX
5054 FORMATdH 5HAXISY)
5055 FORMATdH 5HLINES
5060 FORMATdH 10F12.6)
5 0 6 1 FORMAT(IHO 10F12.6)
5070 FORMATdHl ////
5 1 0 1 FORMAT(IHO 20X,15HTYPE OF CLOSURE
145
Dl MENS I ON X{1000 ,P(1000),Y(1000,WT(1000)
DIMENSION Q(20),E(20),BB(20)
COMMON NF
c
c
c
c
STEP
1
CHEBYSHEV POLYNOMIALS COEFFICIENTS
Q d = 3.4845363745E+01
Q(2) = 5.9455550667E+01
0(3 = 3.8761413203E+01
Q(4 = 2.1035439852E+01
Q(5) = 1.0192314314E+01
Q(6) = 4.4316219652E+00
Q(7 = 1.4261122695E+00
Q(8) =
3.2727171997E-02
0(9) = -3.4798289640E-01
Q(10)= -2.7324098151E-01
Q(ll)= -9.7082300198E-02
E d ) = 1.5171599770E+05
E(2) = 2.8264739567E+05
E(3) = 2.2864336661E+05
E(4) = 1.6031482768E+05
E{5) = 9.6743620005E+04
E(6) = 4.9549807881E+04
E(7) = 2.1027203679E+04
E(8) = 7.1102304836E+03
E(9 = 1.8055376508E+03
E(10)=
3.1710297590E+02
Edl)=
3.623962605E+01
INPUT DATA - GENERAL
READ (5,5006) NPLP
READ (5,5007)(NP(I),I=1,NPLP >
READ (5,5006) NPLV
READ {5,5007)!NV(I> ,1=1,NPLV
READ (5,5008)(ANV(I ,1=1,NPLV
NPLT=NPLP+NPLV
c
c
c
c
STEP
DATA OF THE LINE
LLL=1
DO 2000 111=1,2
INPUT DATA - PER CASE
5 REA0(5,5005 MESNUM
1 READ(5,5001 C C L , VO.TC ,HVO,HO,F,D,PV
READ (5,5004 CDW,COV,DECS,ACR
READ(5,5701 NRES,ZCONDS,HCONDS
READ(5,5002 NF.MF
REA0(5,5901) (ELV(I),1=1,NF)
READ (5,5901) (HMPLd,1=1,10)
READ(5,5006 NPLT
READ(5.5007) (NPLL(K).K=1.NPLT)
WRITE(6,5102
WRITE(6,5107 MESNUM
EXPMES=MESNUM
WRITE(6,5001 C,CL,VO,TC,HV0,H0,F,D,PV
WRITE(6,5004 COW.COV.DECS,ACR
WRITE(6,5701NRES,ZCQNDS,HCONDS
STEP
3
CALCULATIONS DATA
WRITE(6,5002) NF,MF
WRITE(6,5901 (ELV(I,1=1,NFI
WRITE(65901)(HMPL(I),I=1,10)
WRITE(6,5021)
c
c
c
c
STEP
4
POINTS 0= PRESSURE 6 VELOCITY PLOTTING
00000750
00000760
00000770
00000780
00000790
00000800
00000810
00000820
0C000830
00000840
00000850
00000860
00000870
00000680
00000890
00000900
00000910
00000920
00000930
00000940
00000950
00000960
00000970
00000980
00000990
00001000
00001010
00001020
00001030
00001040
00001050
00001060
00001070
00001080
00001090
OOOOllOO
00001110
00001120
00001130
000O1140
00001150
00001160
00001170
00001180
00001190
00001200
00001210
00001220
00001230
00001240
00001250
00001260
00001270
00001280
00001290
00001300
00001310
00001320
00001330
00001340
00C01350
00001360
00001370
00001380
00001390
00001400
00001410
00001420
00001430
00001440
00001450
00001460
00001470
00001480
00001490
146
W R I T E ( 6 , 5 1 0 8 ) NPLT
WRITE(6,5007 (NPLL(K),K=l,NPLT
WRITE(6,5021
ANF=NF-1
DX=CL/ANF
A=C
DT=(DX/A
G=9.81
BS=0.0
TI=(82.5/90.0*TC
MTC=(TI/DT
BSU=0.0
BSD=0.0
SBHPF=1.2*0.05*HCONDS
N8C=NRES-l
NAC=NRES+1
TVALVE=TC
00001500
00001510
00001520
00001530
00001540
00001550
00001560
0000157C
00001580
00001590
00001600
00001610
00001620
00001630
00001640
00001650
00001660
00001670
c
00001680
c
STEP
5
00001690
c
STEADY CONDITIONS
00001700
c
00001710
TIME=0.0
00001720
XARRAY(1=0.0
00001730
DO 10 1=1,NF
00001740
V( I,1=V0
00001750
BI=(NF-I
00001760
IF(I.GT.NRES) 60 TO 11
00001770
IFd.EQ.NRES 60 TO 12
00001780
c
00001790
c
* PRESSURE LEFT OF NRES
00001800
c
H(I,l=HO+(((BI*F*DX/(1.0*D)*((V0**2)/(2.0*G)+( (ZCONDS*((V0**20O001810
1)/(20*G))))
00001820
60 TO 10
000C1830
c
00001840
* PRESSURE RIGHT OF NRES
00001850
c
00001860
c
00001870
11 H(I,l)=H0+(((BI*F*DX)/(1.0*D))*((V0**2)/(2.0*6)
00001880
VVVd)=VO
00001890
60 TO 10
00001900
c
00001910
* * PRESSURES AT NRES
c
00001920
c 12 P U ( l = H 0 + ( ( ( B I * F * D X ) / ( 1 . 0 * D ) ) * ( ( V 0 * * 2 ) / ( 2 . 0 * 6 ) ) ) + ( ( ZC0NDS*((V0**200001930
1/(2.0*6))))
00001940
00001950
H(NRES,l) = P U d )
00001960
PD(l) = H O + ( ( ( B I * F * D X ) / d . 0 * D ) * ( ( V 0 * * 2 / ( 2 . 0 * 6 ) ) )
00001970
10 CONTINUE
00001960
HUV0=Hd,l+HVO
00001990
WRirE(6,5103)
00002000
WRITE(6,5106)
00002010
WRITE(6,5109
00002020
H=l
00002030
WRITE(6,5023) M,(V(N , M t . N - 1 , N F , 2 )
00002040
MRITE(6.5021)
00002050
c
00002060
STEP
6
c
00002070
c
VALVE RESISTANCE 0URIN6 CLOSURE
00002080
c
00002090
MTC-TC/DT
00002100
MTTMTC+1
00002110
AMTC=MTC
00002120
I T O P = ( 6 0 . 0 / 9 0 . 0 ) AMTC
00002130
IT0T=IT0P+1
00002140
Xd)=0.0
00002150
X(IT0T=60.0
00002160
AT0T=IT0P
00002170^
DELX-lMirar -X(i/ATOT
00002180
DO 1 0 7 0
K=l,ITOT
00002190
AK=K-1
00002200
1 0 7 0 X(K=X(1+AK*DLX
00002210
M=10
00002220
DO 1 1 0 0 I = l . I T O T
00002230
N=M+3
00002240
DO 1 0 9 0 J = 1 , N
147
1090 BB(J)=0
FBAR(2.0*Xd -(X(ITOT)+Xd))/(X<IT0T)-Xdt)
NN = M+1
DO 1080 K=1,NN
KK=K-1
J=(M+1)-(KK*1)
1080 BB(J)=Q(J)+2.0*FBAR*BB(J+l)-BB(J+2)
1100 Y(I) = B8d)-FBAR*BB(2
BMTC =MTC
LTOP =((82.5-46.0)/90.0)*BMTC
LT0T=LT0P+1
P(l)=48.0
P(LTOT) =82.5
BTOT =LTOP
OELP =(P(LTOT)-Pd))/BTOT
DO 1170 K=1,LT0T
AK=K-1
1170 P(K)= P d ) +AK*OELP
M=10
DO 1200 I=1,LT0T
N=M+3
DO 1190 J=1,N
1190 BB(J) =0
FBAR=(2.0*P(I)-(P(LT0T)+Pd))/(P(LT0T)-P(l))
NN=M+1
DO 1180 K=1,NN
KK=K-1
J=(M+1)-(KK*1)
1180 B8(J=E(J)+2.0*FBAR*BB(J+l-BB(J+2
1200 WT(I) = BBd)-FBAR*BB(2)
TEMP=Y(ITOT)
STEP=Y(IT0T)-Y((IT0T-1))
DO 1215 M=1,LT0T
IF((WT(M-TEMP.GT.STEP GO TO 1216
00002250
00002260
00002270
00002280
00002290
00002300
00002310
00002320
00002330
00002340
00002350
00002360
00002370
00002380
00002390
00002400
00002410
00002420
00002430
00002440
00002450
00002460
00002470
00002480
00002490
00002500
00002510
00002520
00002530
00002540
00002550
00002560
00002570
00002580
00002590
1215 CONTINUE
00002600
1216 IINT=IT0T+1
00002610
MMM=M
00002620
MT0T=IT0T+(LTOT-MMM)
00002630
DO 1217 KL=IINT,MTOT
00002640
Y(KL=WT(MMM)
00002650
X(KL=P(MMN
00002660
1217 MMM=MMM+1
00002670
WRITE (6,5044
00002680
DO 1260 LL=1,MT0T
00002690
1260 ZZ(LL=Y(LL)
00002700
MTUMTOT
00002710
WRITE(6,5040 (ZZ(K,K=1.MTU
00002720
WRITE(6,5102
00002730
WRITE(6,5201 CL
00002740
WRITE(6,5202) D
00002750
WRITE(6,5203 C
00002760
WRITE(6,5204) VO
00002770
WRITE(6,5205 F
00002780
WRITE(6,5206 HVO
00002790
WRITE(6,5207) HO
00002800
WRITE(6,5208 PV
00002810
WRITE(6,5209) TC
00002820
WRITE(6,5212) NF
00002830
WRITE(6,5307 (NPLL(K,K=1,NPLT
00002840
WRITE(6,5070
00002850
WRITE(6,5103
00002860
WRITE(6.5106)
00002670
WRITE(,5109)
WRITE(6,5020) XARRAY(l),(H(I,l),I=l,NBC,2),PUd),PD(l),(H( J,1),J= N00002680
00002890
AC,NF,2)
00002900
M=l
00002910
W R I T E ( 6 , 5 0 2 3 M,(V(N ,M),N=1,NF,2)
00002^20
WRITE(fr,502H
00002930
71 WRITE(6,5105)
00002940
WRITE(6,5106)
00002950
WRITE(6,5109)
00002960
WRITE(6,5021)
00002970
LC = 15
148
c************************************
c**
c**
STEPS
768
c**
c**
c**
**
**
**
**
**
C************************************
c
KBB=1
KBK=1
KKL=5
MWR=6
DO 30 M=2,MF
BM=M-1
A=C-(DECS*XARRAY(M-1))
CDW=0.69/(4.0*CL/A)
DT=DX/A
XARRAY(M)XARRAY((M-1)+DT
DO 2 0 N * l , N F
IF(N.EQ.NF) GO TO 2 2
I F ( N . G T . l ) GO TO 21
* * * * L E F T END BOUNDARY CONDITION
NS=2
MS=M-1
* * * V A L V E I S OPEN
IF(M.GT.MTU) 60 TO 2 5
Z=ZZ(M)
I F ( 8 S , N E , 0 . 0 ) 6 0 TO 26
HE=(((2.0*6)/Z)*(H(NS,MS-HUV0-((2.0*A/Z*V(NS,MS))
I F ( H E . 6 T . O . 0 ) GO TO 3 1
VP=-IA/Z+SORT((A/Z**2-HE)
I F ( V P . L E . V O ) 6 0 TO 72
VP=VO
72 H P = H U V 0 - ( ( Z / ( 2 . 0 * 6 ) ) * ( V P * * 2 ) )
6 0 TO 3 2
31 V P = ( A / Z ) - S Q R T ( ( A / Z ) * * 2 + H E
HPHUVO+((Z/(2.0*6))*(VP**2))
60 TO 3 2
32 V ( N , M ) = V P
H(N,M}=HP
I F ( H ( N . M ) . L T . P V ) 6 0 TO 2 6
60 TO 20
C
C
C
* * * V A L V E I S CLOSED
2 5 I F ^ 8 S . N e . O . 0 > 6 0 TO 2 4
V(N.M)=0.0
H(N.M)*H(NS.MS+((A/6*(V(N,M-V(NS,HS>))
I F ( H ( N , M . 6 T . P V 6 0 TO 2 0
c
c
**8UBBLE EXISTS
C
24
VBL=0.0
H(N,M=PV
VBR=V(NS,MS)+((6/A)*(PV-H(NS,HS>))
B6=VBR-VBL
BS=BS+B6
60 TO 2 8
26 V B L - S Q R T ( ( ( 2 . 0 * 6 / Z I * ( H U V 0 - P V
VBR=V(NS,MS+((6/A*(PV-H(NS,MS)
B5=VBR-V8L
I F ( B 6 . L T . 0 . 0 ) 6 0 TO 2 3
8S=BS+B6
60 TO 2 8
23 8 6 = 1 . 2 * B G
BS=BS+B6
28 W R I T E ( 6 , 5 0 1 5 ) N , B 6 , B S , X A R R A Y ( M ) , M
LC=LC+1
I F ( B S . L T . O . O ) GO TO 2 7
V(N,M)=VBR
H(N,M)=PV
60 TO 2 0
00002980
00002990
00003000
00003010
00003C20
00003030
00003040
00O0305
00003060
00003070
00003080
00003090
00003100
00003110
00003120
00003130
00003140
00003150
00003160
00003170
00003180
00003190
00003200
00003210
00003220
00003230
00003240
00003250
00003260
00003270
00003280
00003290
00003300
00003310
00003320
00003330
00003340
00003350
00003360
00003370
00003380
00003390
00003400
00003410
00003420
00003430
00003440
000034SO
00003460
00003470
000O340
00003490
00003500
00003510
00003520
00003530
OOOD3540
00003550
00003560
00003570
00003580
00003590
00003600
00003610
00003620
00003630
00003640
0 0 0 0 3650
00003660
00003670
00003680
00003690
00003700
00003710
00003720
00003730
00003740
149
00003750
00003760
00003770
V(N,M=VBL
00003760
00003790
H(N,M)=H(NS,MS)+((A/G)*(V(N,M)-V(NS,MS))
00003600
WRITE(6,5011) N,H(N,M),XARRAY(M)
00003610
LC=LC+1
00003620
BS=0.0
00003830
K8B=KBB+1
00003840
GO TO 20
00003850
00003860
****
RIGHT END BOUNDARY CONDITION
00003870
00003880
H(N,M)=HO
00003890
NR=N-1
00003900
MR=M-1
00003910
V(N,M)=V(NR,MR)-({G/A)*(HO-H(NR,MR))
00003920
IF (V{N,M).LE.VO GO TO 20
00003930
V(N,M>=VO
00003940
GO TO 20
00003950
00003960
****INTERMIDIATE POINTS ON THE GRID
00003970
00003980
NS=N+1
00003990
MS=M-1
00004000
NR=N-1
00004010
MR=M-1
00004020
NQ=N
00004030
MQ=M-2
00004040
IF(M.0,2 GO TO 34
00004050
00004060
**** INTERMIDIATE POINTS ON THE GRID
00004070
EXCLUDING: POINT LEFT NRES, NRES, POINT RIGHT NRES
00004060
00004090
IF ((8S.EQ.0.0).AND.(BSU .EQ.0.0)) GO TO 401
00004100
IF ((BS.NE.0.0).AN0.(8SU ,EQ,0,0)) GO TO 402
00004110
IF ((BS.NE.O.O>,ANO.(BSU .NE.0.0) GO TO 403
00004120
IF (N.LT.NRES) GO TO 402
00004130
IF (N.GT.NRES) GO TO 403
00004140
BB8=C0W*1.0*OT
00004150
GO TO 187
00004160
B6B=CDW*2.0*DT
00004170
GO TO 187
00004160
BBB=C0W*4.0*DT
00004190
IF(N.EQ.{NRES-1)) GO TO 611
00004200
IF(N.EQ.NRES) GO TO 510
00004210
IF(N.EQ.(NRES+1)) GO TO 231
00004220
DIFFERENCE EQUA00004230
** CONDITIONS AT INTERMIDIATE POINTS, USING FINITE
00004240
***BUBBLE COLLAPSES
27
c
c
c
22
c
c
c
21
c
c
c
c
87
401
402
403
187
V ( N , M ) = ( ( V ( N R , M R ) + V ( N S , M S ) ) - ( ( 1 . 0 - ( 0 . 5 * B B B ) ) * V ( N Q , MQ)>)/d.0+10.5*00004250
IBBB)
00004260
H ( N , M ) = ( ( H ( N R , M R ) + H ( N S , M S ) - ( d . 0 - ( 0 . 5 * B B 8 ) ) * H ( N Q , MQ))/(1.0+(0.5*00004270
IBBB)
00004260
00004290
I F ( H ( N , M ) . G E . P V + E L V ( N ) 60 TO
20
00004300
H(N,M=PV+ELV(N)
50 TO 20
C
C
C
611
221
225
231
00004310
00004320
00004330
* * * BUBBLE EXISTS AT THE TOP. CALCULATIONS FOR POINT LEFT NRES
00004340
00004350
IF(BSU.EQ,0.0) 60 TO 221
00004360
VSS=VLU(MS)
00004370
HSS=PV+HCONDS
00004380
GO TO 225
00004390
VSS=VVV(MS)
00004400
HSS=PU(MS)
V(N.M) = ((V(NR,MR)+VSS)-(d.O-(0.5*888 )*V(NQ,MQ))/(1.0+(0.5*888)00004410
H(N,M)=((H(NR,MR)+HSS)-((1.0-(0.5*8BB))*H(NQ,MQ)) /(1.0+(0.5*88B)00004420
IF(H{N,M.GE.PV+ELV(N GO TO 20
00004430
H(N,M=PV+ELV(N
00004440
00004450
60 TO 20
00004460
00004470
*** BUBBLE EXISTS AT THE TOP, CALCULATIONS FOR POINT RI6HT NRES
00004480
00004490
VRR=VVV(MR)
150
c
c
c
c
c
C
C
c
C
c
c
c
c
c
HRR=PD(MR)
V(N,M)=((VRR+V(NS,MS))-((1.0-(0.5*BBB)V(NQ,MQ)I/(1.0+(0.5*BBB
H(N,M=((HRR+H(NS,MS-((l.O-(O.5*BBB)*H(NQ,MQ))/d.0+(0.5*B8B)
IF(H(N,M).6E.PV+ELV(N) 60 TO 20
H(N,M=PV+ELVCN)
60 TO 20
00004500
)00004510
100004520
00004530
00004540
00004550
00004560
00004570
*** CONDITIONS AT NRES
00004580
00004590
510 CaNA=G/A*H(NR,MR+V(NR,MR
00004600
CONB-0/A*HH^S,S-V(NS,MS)
00004610
IF (BSU.NE.0.0)
GO TO 540
00004620
CTERM=2*A/ZCONDS*(C0NA-C0NB)
00004630
IF (CTERM.LT.0.0)
60 TO 530
00004640
00004650
** POSITIVE VELOCITY
00004660
00004670
VVV(M)=-(2*A/ZCONDS+S0RT((2*A/ZCONDS)**2+CTERM)
00004680
520 PU(M)=A/G*(CONA-VVV(M))
00004690
IF (PU(M).LT.PV+HCONDS)GO TO 540
00004700
PO(M)=A/G*(CONB+VVV(M))
00004710
V(N,M)=VVV(M)
00004720
H(N,M)=PU(M)
00004730
60 TO 20
00004740
00004750
** NE6ATIVE VELOCITY
00004760
00004770
530 VVV(M)=+(2*A/ZC0NDS)-SQRT((2*A/ZC0NDS)**2-CTERM)
00004780
GO TO 520
00004790
00004800
* * BUBBLE EXISTS AT NRES
00004810
00004820
540 PU(M)=PV+HCNDS
00004830
VLU(M)=V(NR,MR)-G/A*(PU(M)-H(NR,MR
00004840
I F ( ( P V + H C 0 N D S - A / G * C 0 N B . G T . 0 . 0 GO TO 542
)00004650
VVV(M)=A/ZC0NDS-SQRT((A/ZCONDS)**2-2*G/ZCONDS*(PV+HC0NDS-A/6*CONB 00004860
1)
00004670
PD(M) = (PV + HCONDS)+ZCONDS/(2*6 )*VVV(M)*2
00004680
60 TO 544
00004890
542 VVV(M)=VVV(M-1)-ACR*DT
00004900
PD(H)=PV+HCONDS
00004910
544 VRU(M)=VVV(M)
00004920
V(N,M)=VVV(M)
00004930
BGU=VRU(M-VLU(M)
00004940
IF(BGU.GT.0.0 60 TO 89
00004950
B6U=SBHPF*B6U
00004960
89 BSU=BSU+B6U
00004970
WRITE(6,5601 N,BGU,8SU,PU(M,PD(M),VLU(M),VRU(M),H
00004980
LC=LC+1
00004990
IF (ABS(B&U).6T.BSU) 60 T 546
00005000
H(N,M)=PU(N)
00005010
60 TO 20
00005020
546 BSU=0.0
00005030
VVV(M)=0.5*(VLU(M)+VRU(M)
00005040
PU(MI =(PV+HCNDS>+0.5*280/G*ABS(VLU(M)-VRU(MI )
00005050
IF (VVV(M),GT,0,0 60 TO 547
00005060
PD(M) =PU(M+ZC0NDS/(2*6*VVV(M*VVV(M
00005070
60 TO 548
00005080
547 PD(M =PU(M)-ZC0NDS/(2*6*VVV(M*VVV(M)
00005090
548 H(N,M)=PU(M)
00005100
V(N,M)=VVV(M)
00005110
WRITE(6,5010) N
00005120
LC=LC+1
00005130
00005140
60 TO 20
00005150
00005160
** ONLY FOR CALCULATIONS OF THE FIRST TIME STEP
00005170
00005180
34 V(N,M)=0.5*(V(NR,MR)+V(NS,MS)
00005190
IF(N.EQ,NBC GO TO 36
00005200
IF(N,EQ,NAC) GO TO 37
00005210
IF(N,NE.NRES GO TO 35
00005220
PU(M)=PU(MR)
O0CO523O
PD(M)=PD(MR)
O0C05240
VVV(M=VVV(MR)
60 TO 20
235
151
35
00005250
00005260
00005270
00005280
00005290
C0005300
00005310
00005320
00005330
00005340
00005350
00005360
00005370
00005380
00005390
00005400
00005410
00005420
00005430
0000544
00005450
STEP
9
00005460
PLOTTING OF RESULTS
00005470
00005480
CALL PL0TS(2,30
00005490
CALL PLOT (0,0, 2,1,-3
00005500
CALL PLOT ( 0.0,0.3,3
00005510
CALL PLOT (15.8,0.3,2)
00005520
CALL PLOT (15.8,10*5,2)
00005530
CALL PLOT ( 0.0.10.5,2)
00005540
CALL PLOT ( 0.0, 0.3,2)
CALL SYMBOL (3.5,10.25,0.14,30HPRESSURE 6 VELOCITY ALONG LINE,0.0,00005550
130)
C0005560
CALL SYMBOL (4.0,10.00,0.14,20H(CALCULATED RESULTS),0.0,20
00005570
PHA=0.2 5
00005580
PHU=10.0
00005590
PHV=PHU+1.26
00005600
PHW=PHU+2.9
00005610
PHX=PHW-0.07
00005620
PHY=PHX+0.14
00005630
PHZ=PHU+3.094
00005640
PVA=10.0
00005650
PVB=PVA-0.25
00005660
PVC=PV8-0.25
00005670
PVU=10.0
00005680
PVV=PVU-0.47
00005690
PVW=PVU-0.14
00005700
PVX=PVU+0.254
00005710
PVY=PVU-0.604
00005720
PVZ=PVU-0.21
00005730
00005740
CALL SYMBOL (PHA,PVA,0.14,8HEXPMES=C,0.0, 8)
00005750
CALL NUMBER (999.,999.,0.14,EXPMES,0.0,-1)
00005760
CALL SYMBOL (PHA,PVB,0.14,3HVO=,0.0,3)
00005770
CALL NUMBER (999.,999.,0*14,VO,0.0,2
00005780
CALL SYMBOL (999.,999.,0.14,6H M/SEC,0.0,6)
00005790
CALL SYMBOL (PHA,PVC,0.14,3HTC=,0,0,3)
00005800
CALL NUMBER (999,,999.,0,14,TC,0,0,2)
00005810
CALL SYMBOL (999,,999.,0.14,4H SEC,0.0,4
00005620
CALL SYMBOL (PHU,PVU,0.14,9HSCALES:
,0.0,9)
00005830
CALL SYMBOL (999.,999.,0.14,lOHPRESSURES ,0.0,10)
00005640
CALL PLOT
(PHW,PVW,3
00005650
CALL PLOT (PHW,PVX,2)
00005860
CALL PLOT (PHX,PVX,3
00005870
CALL PLOT
(PHY,PVX,2
00005680
CALL PLOT
(PHX,PVW,3)
00005890
CALL PLOT
(PHY,PVW,2
00005900
CALL SYMBOL (PHZ,PVU,0.14,13H =10
M.W.C.,0.0,13
00005910
CALL SYMBOL (PHV,PVV,0.14,lOHVELOCITY
,0.0,10
00005920
CALL PLOT (PHW,PVY,3
0005930
CALL PLOT
(PHW,PVZ,2)
C000594C
CALL PLOT (PHX,PVZ,3
00005950
CALL PLOT
(PHY,PVZ,2
00005960
CALL PLOT
(PHX,PVY,3)
00005 970
CALL PLOT (PHY,PVY,2
00005980
CALL SYMBOL ( P H Z , P V V , 0 . 1 4 , 1 2 H = 0 . 5 M / S E C . 0 . 0 , 1 2
00005990
H(N,M)=0.5*(H(NR,MR+H{NS,MS
GO TO 20
36 H ( N , M = 0 . 5 * ( H ( N R , M R + P U ( M S )
60 TO 20
37 H ( N , M ) = 0 , 5 * ( P 0 ( M R ) + H ( N S , M S )
20 CONTINUE
W R I T E ( 6 , 5 0 2 0 X A R R A Y ( M ) , ( H ( N , M , N = 1 , N B C , PU(M,PD(M ,(H(N,M),N=NA
ICNF)
WRITE(6,5023 M,(V(N , M ) , N = 1 , N F )
WRITE(6,5021)
LC=LC+4
I F ( L C . L E , 3 6 ) GO TO 30
WRITE(6,5070)
WRITE(6,5109)
WRITE(6,5021
LC=3
30 CONTINUE
WRITE(6.5070)
TC=TVALVE
c
c
c
c
CALL
LOOP(200..21.,HCONDS,NPLL,HMPL,CL>
152
00006000
CALL FACTOR (1.0)
00006010
DO 160 1=1,NPLP
00006020
NA=NP(I)
00006030
AA=NP(I)
00006040
ANA=ANP(I)
00006050
MMF=MF+1
00006060
MFD=MF+2
00006070
YARRAY(MMF)=0.0
00006060
YARRAY(MF0)=25.4
00006090
XARRAY(MMF)=0.0
00006100
XARRAY<MFD=0.506
00006110
YV(MMF)=0.0
00006120
YV(MFD)=-1.27
00006130
IF(NA.EQ.NRES) GO TO 117
00006140
00 102 KK=1,MF
00006150
102 YARRAY(KK)=H(NA,KK
00006160
GO TO 119
00006170
117 DO 116 KI=1,MF
00006160
118 YARRAY(KI>=PU(KI
00006190
119 CALL PLOT (0.0,ANA,-3
00006200
YP =H(NA,1/YARRAY(MFD
00006210
CALL PLOT (0.0,YP ,3)
0000622C
CALL PLOTd5.8,YP ,2)
00006230
CALL LINES (XARRAY,YARRAY,MF,1,0,2
00006240
BNA=-ANA
00006250
CALL PLOT (0.0,BNA,-3
00006260
ANAC=ANA+0.05
00006270
00006280
CALL NUMBER (999.,999.,0.07,AA,0.0,-1)
00006290
CALL SYMBOL (999.,999.,0.07,IH),0.0,1)
00006300
160 CONTINUE
00006310
DO 165 1=1,NPLV
00006320
N8=NV(I
00006330
AB=NV(I)
0000634
ANB=ANV(I)
00006350
DO 103 KK=1,MF
00006360
103 YV(KK)=V(NB,KK)
00006370
CALL PLOT (0.0, AN8,-3
00006380
CALL PLOT (0.0,0.0,3)
00006390
CALL PL0Td5.8.0.0.2
00006400
CALL LINES (XARRAY.YV.MF.1,0,2)
00006410
BNB=-ANB
00006420
CALL PLOT (0.0,BNB,-3
00006430
ANBC=ANB+0.05
00006440
CALL SYMBOL (1.0,ANBC,0.07,4HV(N=,0.0,4
00006450
CALL NUMBER (999.,999.,0.07,AB,0.0,-1
00006460
CALL SYMBOL (999.,999.,0.07,IH),0.0,1
00006470
165 CONTINUE
00006480
XARRAY (MFD)0.4
00006490
CALL FACTOR (0.787)
00006500
CALL AXIS (0.0,0.385,127H
00006510
1
00006520
2
TIME IN SECONDS,
00006530
3-127,20.0,0.0,XARRAY(MMF),XARRAY(MFD
00006540
CALL FACTOR (1.0
00006550
CALL LASPLO
00006560
00006570
2000 CONTINUE
00006530
50 STOP
END
00006590
00006600
BEGIN SUBROUTINE
C
THIS SUBROUTINE PLOTS THE C0NFI6URATI0N OF THE LOOP WITH PRESSURE 00006610
c
TRANSDUCERS AND VELOCITY METERS. ALSO THE SCHEMATIZED POINTS OF 00006620
c
CALCULATION WILL BE PLOTTED.
c
THE WHOLE SCALIN6 IS IN MM; THE SIZE OF THE DRAWIN6 WILL BE: 175*400006630
c
FOR OTHER SIZES OVERREAD THE 'CALL FACTOR(0.03937 STATEMENT BY 00006640
c
00006650
MULTIPLYING 0.03937 WITH THE DESIRED VALUE.
c
00006660
c
00006670
c
EXPLANATION OF THE ARGUMENTS:
00006680
c
00006690
c
X,Y =COOROINATES WITH REGARD TO THE LAST DEFINED ORIGIN.
c
HCONDS =HIGHEST POINT OF THE CONDENSER ABOVE THE CENTERLINE IN M. 00006700
c
NPLL(LP) =THIS ARRAY CONTAINS THE NUMBERS OF PLOTTED POINTS AL0N6 00006710
c
HPLM(LQ) =THIS ARRAY CONTAINS THE POSITION OF THE PT'S IN THE LINE00006720
c
HPLM(LQ > 0 MEANS THE X-COORDINATE ALONG THE LINE IN M. 00006730
c
HPLM(LQ) < 0 MEANS THE ELEVATION IN THE VERTICAL LEGS IN 0000674
153
00006750
HPLM(LQ) = O MEANS THAT PT NUMBER LQ IS NOT USED
HPLM(9 AND HPLMdO CONTAINS THE X-COORDINATES OF THE FL00006760
CL =TOTAL LENGHT OF THE LOOP IN M.
00006770
00006760
00006790
0000680C
SUBROUTINE LOOP(X,Y,HCONDS,NPLL.HPLM.CL
00006810
DIMENSION NPLL(l)
00006620
DIMENSION HPLMd
00006630
COMMON NF
00006840
CALL FACT0R(O.03937
00006850
CALL PL0T(X- 12,Y- 2,3
00006860
CALL PL0T(X- 2,Y- 2,2
00006870
CALL PLOT(X- 2,Y+ 15,2)
00006880
CALL PLOT(X- 2,Y+ 13,3
00006690
CALL PLOT(X- 4.Y+ 13,2
00006900
CALL SYMBOL(X- 12,Y+ 12,3.,2HHA,0.,2
03006910
CALL SYMBOL(X- l.Y
,2.,12,90.,-1
00006920
CALL PLOT(X
.Y
,3)
,Y
00006930
CALL PLOT(X+ 72.Y
.2)
000O694O
0H-4*(HCONDS-0.1)
00006950
CALL PLOT(X+ 72.Y+OH .2)
00006960
CALL PLOT(X+ 75,Y+DH ,2)
00006970
CALL PLOT(X+ 75,Y+DH+2,2
00006960
00006990
CALL PLOT(X+ 85,Y+DH-2,2>
00007000
CALL PLOT(X+ 75,Y+DH-2,2
00007010
CALL PLOT(X+ 75,Y+DH ,2
00007020
00007030
CALL PLOT(X+ 80,Y+DH+1,2>
00007040
CALL PLOT(X+ 60,Y+DH-1,3
00007050
CALL PLOT(X+ 80,Y+0H-2,2
00007060
00007070
00007060
00007090
00007100
CALL SYMBOL(X+ 91,Y+DH
.3.,7HHCON0S=,0.,7
00007110
CALL NUMBER(999.,999.,3.,HCONDS,0.,I)
00007120
CALL SYM80L(999.,999..3.,1HM,0.,1
00007130
CALL PLOT(X+ 88.Y+0H ,3
00007140
,2
CALL PLOT(X+ 88,Y
00007150
,2
CALL PL0T(X+160,Y
00007160
6,2
CALL PL0T(X+160,Y+
00007170
8,2
CALL PL0T(X+162,Y+
00007180
7,3.,2HHB,0.,2
CALL SYMB0L(X+165,Y+
C0007190
CALL PL0T(X+160,Y+ 10,3)
00007200
2,2)
CALL PL0T(X+160,Y00007210
2,2)
CALL PL0T(X+170,Y00007220
CALL PL0T(X
,Y- 9.0,3)
00007230
CALL PL0T(X+160.0,Y- 9.0,2)
00007240
DINC0.0
00007250
DO 400 INC=1,161,10
00007260
RINC=INC
00007270
V=X
00007280
CALL SYM80L(V+RINC,Y- 9 . 0 , 2 . 0 , 1 3 , 0 . 0 , - 1 )
0000729C
CALL NUMBER(V+RINC-2.0,Y-12.5,2.1,DINC,0.0,1)
00007300
DINC=DINC+2.5
00007310
400 CONTINUE
00007320
CALL STRIPE(X+160,Y5,X+ 85,Y5)
00007330
CALL STRIPE(X+ 8 5 , Y 5,X+ 85,Y+DH-5
00007340
CALL STRIPE(X+ 65,Y+DH-5,X+ 75,Y+DH-5)
00007350
CALL STRIPE(X+ 75,Y+0H-5,X+ 75,Y5)
00007360
CALL STRIPE(X+ 75,Y5,X
,Y5)
00007370
CALL SYMBOL(X- 80,Y+ 8,3..15H0RW OF THE LOOP,0.,15)
00007380
CALL SYMBOL(X- 80.Y+3.0 ,3.0.12HPIPE LEN6TH=.0.0,12)
00007390
CALL NUMBER(999.0,999.0,3.0,CL,0.0,2)
00007400
CALL SYMBOL (999.0,999.0,3.0,3H M.,0.0,3
00007410
CALL SYMBOL(X- 80,Y -2.0,3.0,21HH0RIZONTAL SPAN=40 M.,0.0,21
00007420
00007430
PLOTTINO POSITIONS OF THE PLOTTED POINTS;
00007440
00007450
DO 100 LP=1,6
00007460
IF (NPLL(LP.EQ.0 GO TO 100
00007470
CLL=(CL/10)*(NPLL(LP)-1)
00007480
IF (CLL.LE.18.0R.CLL.GE.(CL-16)) GO TO 20
00007490
10 LPP=NPLL(LP)-4
154
60 TO (11,12,13), LPP
il ELV=4*(CLL-18.285)
DX =75.
DXN=77.
DYN=ELV-6
60 TO 15
12 ELV=4*(HC0N0S-0.1)
DX =80.
DXN=79.5
DYN=ELV-9
60 TO 15
13 ELV=4*(CL-CLL-18.285
DX =85.
DXN=82.
0YN=ELV-6
15 DY ELV-5
IF (NF.EQ.21) 60 TO 16
ANPLL=NPLL(LP
60 TO 17
16 ANPLL=NPLL(LP)*2-l
17 DUMMY=0.
CALL SYNBOL(X+DX ,Y+0Y .1.,1,90.,-1)
20
21
22
25
26
27
100
c
c
c
CALL NUMBEf<(X+0XN,Y+DYN,2.,ANPLL
,0..-ll
60 t o W O
I F ( N P L L < L P ) . 6 T * 6 ) 6 0 TO 22
OX =4*CLL
6 0 TO 2 5
OX = 4 * ( C L L - ( C L - 4 0 > )
DXN=DX-l
DY = - 5
DYN=-8
I F ( N F . E Q . 2 1 ) GO TO 26
ANPLL=NPLL(LP)
60 TO 27
ANPLL=NPLL(LP*2-1
DUMMY=0.
CALL NUMBER!X+DXN,Y+DYN,2.,ANPLL
,0.,-l)
CALL SYNBOL(X+DX ,Y+0Y , 1 . , 1 , 0 . , - 1 )
CONTINUE
CALL SYMBOL(X+161,Y6,2.,4HNPLL,0.,4)
PLOTTINO OF THE REAL MEASURE-POINTS IN THE LINE:
30
40
41
42
43
44
50
DO 200 LQ=1.8
IF (HPLM(LQ)> 40,200.30
DX =4*HPLM(LQ)
DXN-DX-2
DY =0.
0YN=2.
60 TO 50
LQQLQ-2
60 TO (41,41,44,44,42.43), LQQ
DX -72.
OXN-65.
DY =ABS(HPLN(LQ))*4
OYN-DY-1
60 TO 50
DX =77.
DXN=75.
DY =4*(HCONDS-0.1)
DYN-DY+3
60 TO 50
DX =83.
DXN=81.
DY =4*(HCONDS-0.1)
DYN=DY+3
GO TÔ 50
DX =88.
DXN=90.
DY =ABS(HPLM(LQ))*4
DYN=DY-1
ALQ=LQ
CALL SYMBOL(X+DX ,Y+DY ,1.,1,0.,-1)
CALL SYMBOL(X+DXN,Y+DYN,2.,1HP,0.,1)
CALL NUMBER(999.,999.,2.,ALQ,,,-1)
60007500
00007510
00007520
00007530
00007540
00007550
00007560
00007570
00007580
00007590
00007600
00007610
00007620
00007630
00007640
00007650
00007660
00007670
00007680
00007690
00007700
00007710
00007720
00007730
00007740
00007750
00007760
00007770
00007780
00007790
00007800
00007810
00007820
00007830
00007840
00007650
00007860
00007870
00007860
00007890
00007900
00007910
00007920
00007930
00007940
00007950
00007960
00007970
00007980
00007990
00008000
00008010
00008020
00008030
00008040
00008050
00008060
00008070
00006080
00008090
00008100
00008110
00008120
00008130
00008140
00008150
00006160
00008170
00008180
00006190
00008200
00008210
00008220
00008230
00008240
155
200 CONTINUE
c
c
c
LOCATION OF THE FLOW-METERS:

IF (HPLM(9.EQ.0 GO TO 60
DX =HPLM(9)*4
DXN=0X-2
CALL SYMBOL(X+DX ,Y
,2., 2,-90.,-l
CALL SYMBOL(X+OXN,Y-3.5,2.,2HVA,0.,2
60 IF (HPLMdO).EQ.O 60 TO 300
OX =HPLMdO)*4
DXN=DX-2
CALL SYMBOL(X+OX ,Y
,2., 2,-90.,-!
CALL SYM80L(X+OXN,Y-3.5,2.,2HVB,0.,2>
300 RETURN
END SUBROUTINE
END
c
c
c
c
c
c
BEGIN SUBROUTINE
THIS SUBROUTINE PLOTS STRIPED LINES LIKE SUBROUTINE 'PLOT' FOR
CONTINUES LINES.
PLOT FROM THE POINT (XO,YO TO {X,Y
LENGHT STRIPES IS 3 MM, LENGHT SPACE IS 2 MM.
SUBROUTINE STRIPE(XO,YO,X,Y
c
c
c
SCALING IN MM
11
12
13
10
14
20
CALL FACTOR(0.03937
CALL PL0T(X0,Y0,3>
IF ((X-XO).EQ.O GO TO 12
IF ((Y-YO).EU.O GO TO 11
DC=(Y-YO)/(X-XO)
ROOT=SQRT(1+DC*DC
IF ((X-XO.LT.O ROOT=-ROOT
DX1=3/R00T
DY1=DX1*DC
DX0=2/RQ0T
DyO=DXO*DC
GO TO 13
OX1=3*SIGN(1.,(X-X0
DX0=2*SIGN(1.,(X-X0
DY1=0.
DYO=0.
GO TO 13
0X1=0.
DXO=0.
DYl-3*SIGN(1.,(Y-YO
DY0=2*SIGN(1.,(Y-Y0).
XI=XO
YI=YO
XI=XI+DX1
YI=YI+DY1
CALL PL0T(XI,YI,2
XI=XI+DXO
YI=YI+DYO
CALL PL0T(XI,YI,3
IF (DXI.EQ.0) 60 TO 14
IF(ABS(X-XI).LE.ABS(0X1+DX0)) 60 TO 20
60 TO 10
IF (ABS(Y-YI).LE.ABS(0Y1+DY0)) 60 TO 20
GO TO 10
CALL PL0T(X,Y,2
RETURN
END SUBROUTINE
END
03008250
00008260
0000827
00006280
00008290
00008300
00008310
00006320
00008330
00008340
00008350
00008360
00008370
00006380
00008390
00006400
00008410
00008420
00008430
00008440
00008450
00008460
00008470
00008480
00008490
00006500
00008510
00006520
00008530
00008540
00006550
00008560
00008570
00006580
00008590
00006600
00008610
00006620
00006630
00006640
00008650
00008660
00008670
00006660
OC006690
00006700
00006710
00008720
00008730
00008740
00008750
00006760
00008770
00008780
00008790
00008800
00008810
00008820
00008830
00006840
00008650
00006660
00006870
00006660
00006890
00008900
157
Listing of Modifications in Computer Programme WHN
In the following listing, the dummy statements that appear in the listing
of programme WHN are replaced with the suitable statements to allow for
the condenser as explained in the last section of appendix F.
158
MODIFICATIONd)
THIS PAGE REPLACES PAGE 133 IN THE LISTING OF PROGRAMME WHN
E(10=
E(ll)=
3.1710297590E+02
3.6239602605E+01
c
c
c
c
c
c
STEP
DATA OF THE LINE
READ (5,500*) COW,CDV,DECS

READ(5,5002) NF,MF
READ(5,590l) (ELV(I),I=1,NF)
READ(5,5031) ZHP,NHP,HSIP
POINTS OF PRESSURE & VELOCITY PLOTTING
READ (5,5006) NPLP
READ (5,5007)(NP(I),1=1,NPLP )
READ (5,5008)(ANP(I ),1=1,NPLP)
READ (5,5006) NPLV
READ (5,5007)(NV(I) ,1=1,NPLV)
READ (5,5008)(ANV(I) ,1=1,NPLV)
NPLT=NPLP+NPLV
(PPPd ),I = 1,NPLT)
READ(5,5008)
NCPF=7
READ{5,5)07)
RSAD(5,5C09)
READ(5,5009)
c
c
c
c
(NPLL(K),K=1,NCPF)
(AKPX(L),L=1,9)
(AKPY(L),L=1,9)
DO 2000 111=1 ,4
DATA OF THE L INE
R E A D ( 5 , 5 0 0 5 ) MESNUM
R E A D ( 5 , 5 0 0 1 ) C,CL,VO,TC,HVO,HO,F,D,PV
WRITE(6,5102>
EXPMES=MESNUM
WRITE(6,5001) C C L , VO,TC,HVU,Hri,F,D,PV
WRITE(6,5004) COW,CDV,DECS
WRITE(6,5901) IELV(I),I=1,NF)
WRITE(6,5031) ZHP,NHP,HSIP
WRITE(6,502l)
STEP
CAUeULATKlNS DATA
WRITE(6,5002) NF.MF
WRITE(6,5021)
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
STEP
0=9.81
ANF=NF-1
0X=CL/ANF
A=C
0T=(0X/A)
NLF=NHP-1
NRH=NHP+1
BSHP=0.0
BS=0.0
MC0L=2000
STATEMENTS REPLACE DUMMY ONES IN WHN
MREF=2000
MK0UNT=1
IF(HCON0S.LT.7.0) GO TO 4
FAL=CL/(CL+3.715)
FAR=CL/(CL-1.815)
GO TO 6
FAL=CL/(CL+3.715)
FAR=CL/(CL*9.085)
KBC=1
STEP
STEADY CONDITIONS
XARRAr(l)=0.0
HDV0=H0+(((F*CL)/(l.O*DI)*((VC**2)/(2.C*G)))
HUV=HDV0+HVC
DO 10 1=1,NF
V( I,1)=V0
00000750
00000760
03000770
00000780
00000790
00000800
00000810
00000820
00000830
000008*0
00000850
0000086C
00000870
00000880
00000890
00000900
00000910
00000920
00000930
00000940
00000950
00000960
00000970
00000980
00000990
COOOIOOO
OOOOIOIO
00001020
00001030
00001040
00001050
00001060
00001070
00001080
00001090
00001100
OOOOlllO
00001120
00001130
00001140
00001150
00001160
00001170
00001180
00001190
00001200
00001210
00001220
O0O123C
00001240
00001250
0000126C
00001270
00001280
00001290
C0001300
0000131C
00001320
00001330
O0OC1340
00001350
00001360
0CC0137C
000013 80
00001390
00001400
00001410
00001420
0000143C
00001440
C000145C
00001460
00001470
00001480
00001490
159
MUIFICATIUN(2)
STATEMENTS REPLACE DUMMY JNES IN WHN
IF (I.LE.NHP) GO TO 9
CI=NF-I
H( I,l) = H0 + ( ( (CI*F*D()/(2.''*G*D) )*(V0**2I)
GO TO 10
9 BI=I-1
H{I,1)=HDV0-(BI*(F*DX>/(1.0*D))*((V0**2)/(2.0*G))
10 CONTINUE
WR!TE(6,5103)
WRITE(6,516)
WRITE(6,5109)
WRITE(6,5020) XARRAY(l),(H{I,1 I,I=1,NF)
WRITE(6,5023) (V(I,l),I=i,NF)
WRITE(6,5021)
STEP
6
VALVE RESISTANCES DURING CLOSURE
1070
1090
1080
1100
1170
1190
1180
120
1215
1216
MTC=TC/DT
AMTC=MTC
ITOP=(60.0/9C.C) *AMTC
IT0T=IT0P+1
X(1)=0.0
X(ITOT)=60.0
AT0T=ITOP
DO 1070 K=1,IT0T
AK=K-1
X(K)=X(1)+AK*DELX
M=10
DO llfif) I = 1,1 TUT
N = M+3
DO 1090 J = 1,N
B3(Jl=0
FBAR=(2.0*X( I) -{X(IT0T) + X(1)))/(X(IT0T)-X(1 ))
NN = M+i
DO 1080 K=i,NN
KK=K-1
J=(M+1)-(KK*1)
BB(J)=Q(J)f2.0*FBAR*3B(J+i)-BB(J+2)
Y d ) = BB(1)-FBAR*BB(2)
BMTC =MTC
LTOP =((82.5-43.0)/9C.0)*BMTC
LT0T=LT0P+1
P(l)=48.0
P(LTOTI =82.5
BTOT =LTOP
DLP =(P(LT0T)-P(1))/BT0T
DO 1170 K=1,LT0T
AK=K-1
P(K)= P(l) +AK*DELP
M=10
00 1200 I=l,LTOT
N=M+3
00 1190 J=1,N
BB(J) =0
FBAR=(2.*Pd)-(P(LTaT)+P(l)) ) / ( P(LTOT)-P (I )
NN=M+1
0 118 K=1,NN
KK=K-1
J=(M+1)-(KK*1
BB(J) = E(J)<-2.0*FBAR*BB( J + 1)-BB( J + 2)
W T d ) = BB(l)-FBAR*RB(2)
TEMP=Y(ITOT)
STEP=YITOTJrY(MTOT-l.ll
DO i21 Mki.LTT
IF((HTMI-TEMP.6T.STEP GO TO 1216
CONTINUE
IINT=IT0T+1
MMri=M
MT0T=IT0T+(LT0T-MMM
DO 1217 KL=I1NT,MT0T
Y(KLI=HT(HMM)
X(KL)=P(MMM)
1217 MMM=MMM+1
00C01500
0000151C
090O152C
00001530
ur>00154
00001550
000C1560
00001570
000015 8C.
00C01590
C0001600
00001610
00001620
0G0C1630
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00001710
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00001830
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rtool940
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00001960
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eyooi99n
00002000
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160
MODIFICATIONO)
23 BG=1.2*BG
BS=BS+BG
28 HRITE(6,50151 N,M,BG,BS
LC=LC*1
IF (ABS(BG).GT.8S) GO TO 27
V(N,M)=VBR
H(N,M)=PV
GO TO 20
C
C
C
c
c
c
***BUBBLE COLLAPSES
27 V(N,M)=VBL
H(N,M>=H(NS,MS)+((A/G)*(V(N,M)-V(NS,MS)))
WRITE(6.5011) N,N,H(N,H)
LC=LC+1
BS=0.0
GO TO 20
***RIGHT END BOUNDARY CONDITION
22 H(N,MJ=H0
NR=N-l
MR=M-1
V(N,M)*V(NR,MR)-((G/A*(HO-H(NR,MR)I
IF (V(N,H).LE.VO) 60 TO 20
V(N,MI=VO
GO TO 20
c
c
c
****INTERMIOIATE POINTS ON THE GRID

21 NS=N*1
MS*M-l
NR=N-1
MR=M-1
NQ=N
MQM-2
IF (M.EQ.2) GO TO 35
IF((N.NE.NLF).AND.(N.NE.NHP).&ND.(N.NE.NRH)) GO TO 87
IF((BSHP.NE.O.OI.AND.(N.EQ.NLF)) GO TO 85
IFI((BSHP.NE.O.O).AND.(BSHP.E0.BGHP)).AN0.(N.EQ.NRH)) GO TO 87
IF(<BSHP.NE.O.OI.AND.(N.EQ.NRH)) GO TO 86
IF((BSHP.NE.0.0).ANO.(N.EQ.NHP1) GO TO 82
IF(KLK.EQ.l) GO TO 68
GO TO 87
c
c
c
BUBBLE AT THE TOP JUST COLLAPSES

88 V(NR,MR)-UBR(MR)
GO TO 87
c
c
c
c
BUBBLE EXISTS AT THE TOP, CALCULATIONS FOR NHP

STATEMENTS REPLACE DUMMY ONES IN WHN
82 PL=PV^FAL
PR.PV^FAR
UBL(M)V(NR,MRI-((G/A)((PL*ZHP)-HNR,MR) I I
UBR(M)=V(NS,MS)*((G/A)^((PR*ZHP-H(NS,MS)
BGHPUBR(M)-UBL(M}
I F ( B G H P . G T . O . O I GO TO 89
SBHPF1.2*0.05^ZHP
BGHP=SBHPF^BGHP
89 BSHP=BSHP4-BGHP
WRITE(6,5016) N,M,BGHP,BSHP,UBL(M),UBR(M)
LC=LC+1
V(N,M)=0.0
H(NfM)PV+ZHP
IF (ABS(BGHP).GT.BSHP) GO TO 83
GO TO 20
83 BSHP=0.0
MCOL=M
KLK=1
V(N,M)=0.5^(UBL(M)*UBR(M)
H{N,M)=(PV+ZHP)+0.5^(A/GJÂBSUBR<M|-UBL(M))
GO TO 20
00003000
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Thermal Power Plant

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Thermal Power Plant

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TRANSIENTS IN COOLING WATER SYSTEMS

OF THERMAL POWER PLANTS

^JOTHEEK V/SG. 5 V/AT.:>BCUWKUNDE T.H.

TRANSIENTS IN COOLING WATER SYSTEMS

LIST OF TABLES '

LIST OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMES

1.1. General Aspects of the Problem and Motivation .

1.2. Method of Approach to the Investigation

1.3. Outline of Dissertation

2. WATER-IAMI-IER AND WATER-COLUMN SEPARATION ANALYSIS

2.1. Literature Survey

2.2. Basic Laws of Fluid Mechanics for Water-Hammer Applications

2.3. Characteristics Method

2.i+. Finite Difference Solution

2.5- Illustrative Description of the Phenomena of Water-Hammer

3.1. Water-Hammer Water-Colomn Separation Experimental Circuit

3.3.1. Steady conditions measurements

3.3.2. Measurement of transient flow velocities

3.3.3. High speed camera photographic study of water-colomn

3.3.i+. Experimental evaluation of the elastic behaviour of .

h. COMPARISON OF EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATED RESULTS

Schematization of the Pipe System

1+.2. Choice of Input Data for the Programme HOZ

Comparison of Experimental Measurements and Calculated Re-

Photographic Study of Water-Column Separation during Transients in the Horizontal Pipe

U.6. Significant Findings

5. NEW MTHEr^ATICAL MODEL

5.1. Finite Difference Solution

6. TRANSIENTS RESULTING FROM CLOSURE OF THE VALVE AT THE UPSTREAM

6.2. Schenatization of the Line

6.3- Choice of Input Data for the Programme HZD

Comparison of Experimental Measurements and Calculated Results

7. TRANSIENTS RESULTING FROM CLOSURE OF THE VALVE AT THE UPSTREAM

7.1. Typical Experimental Tests

7.2. Schematization of the Line

7.3. Choice of Input Data for the Programme WHN

7.*+. Comparison of Experimental Measurements and Calculated Results

8. TRANSIENTS RESULTING FROM CLOSURE OF THE VALVE AT THE UPSTREAM

8.1. Typical Experimental Tests

8.2. Schematization of the Condenser Configuration

8.3. Choice of Input Data for the Programme WCN

8.U. Comparison of Experimental ^teasurements and Calculated Results

A Digital Calculations of Velocities from Photo-Analyzer Data

B On the Pipe Wall Deformation

C Numerical Calculations for Transients in a Horizontal Line

D Numerical Calculations for Transients in a Horizontal Line

E Numerical Calculations for Transients in the Siphon System

F Numerical Calculations for Transients in the Condenser System

G List of Experimental Measurements Data

View of the condenser model support in a vertical

View of the condenser model support in a horizontal

View of the intrumentation

Schematic diagram of instrumentation set

View of the mounting of a pressure transducer

View of induction flow-meter

Schematic diagram showing principle of pressure

ments and their recording on the recorders and the scope ^9

Steady friction factor in the pipe

Photographic system arrangement

Typical frames of the film

Schematic diagram of induction flowmeter

Transient flow velocity changes using the photographic

View of the tangential and axial strain gauges cemented