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  • L4-Aromatics and Non HC Compounds

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    naefmubarak
    25 vizualizări23 pagini
    This document summarizes a lecture on aromatic and non-hydrocarbon compounds found in petroleum. It discusses the benzene structure of aromatic compounds and examples like BTX. Non-hydrocarbons lower the heating value of oil and include elements like carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Sulfur compounds are discussed in detail, including removal processes and examples like hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans. Oxygen compounds discussed include phenols, carboxylic acids, and acetyl groups. Asphaltenes and organometallic compounds are also mentioned. The document ends by discussing classification and properties of crude oils of interest to refining like distillation characteristics and sulfur/asphalt content.

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    Phase behavior by Prof. Maria Barrufet

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    This document summarizes a lecture on aromatic and non-hydrocarbon compounds found in petroleum. It discusses the benzene structure of aromatic compounds and examples like BTX. Non-hydrocarbons lower the heating value of oil and include elements like carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Sulfur compounds are discussed in detail, including removal processes and examples like hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans. Oxygen compounds discussed include phenols, carboxylic acids, and acetyl groups. Asphaltenes and organometallic compounds are also mentioned. The document ends by discussing classification and properties of crude oils of interest to refining like distillation characteristics and sulfur/asphalt content.

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    25 vizualizări23 pagini

    L4-Aromatics and Non HC Compounds

    Încărcat de

    naefmubarak
    This document summarizes a lecture on aromatic and non-hydrocarbon compounds found in petroleum. It discusses the benzene structure of aromatic compounds and examples like BTX. Non-hydrocarbons lower the heating value of oil and include elements like carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Sulfur compounds are discussed in detail, including removal processes and examples like hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans. Oxygen compounds discussed include phenols, carboxylic acids, and acetyl groups. Asphaltenes and organometallic compounds are also mentioned. The document ends by discussing classification and properties of crude oils of interest to refining like distillation characteristics and sulfur/asphalt content.

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    din 23

    PETE 310

    Lecture # 4
    Aromatics & non-hydrocarbon
    compounds

    Aromatic Compounds
    Benzene building block examples
    Nomenclature

    CH

    CH

    Properties

    HC

    CH

    Importance

    HC

    CH

    CH

    CH

    Kekule & Benzene Structure

    Aromatic Compounds
    BTXs ?

    Non-Hydrocarbon Elements and


    Compounds
    Most common: CO2,N2,H2S
    They lower the heating value of oil (Btu/lbm)
    Nitrogen, Oxygen and Sulfur form part of heavy
    molecules present in the oil (asphaltenes &
    resins)
    Sulfur compounds poison catalysts used in
    refinery operations

    Sulfur Compounds
    Oils may have up to 10% of S on a weight
    basis
    Very sour oils may be denser than water

    H2S removal done with ethanolamines.


    The process is known as gas sweetening

    Sulfur Compounds
    Mercaptanes (stink !)
    Use as gas odorant (safety)

    General formula RSH thiol


    HS-C3H7

    Sulfur Compounds
    Name the following compounds
    HS-C4H9

    Alkyl Sulfides RSR


    Disulfides R-S-S-R

    Oxygen Compounds
    Typical Groups
    CH
    HC

    CH

    CH

    HO

    HO

    CH

    O
    H3C

    C
    OH

    phenol

    carboxyl

    C
    OH

    Oxygen Compounds
    O

    HC
    OH

    HC
    OH

    Acethyl

    CH3

    Carboxyl

    CH2

    CH2

    CH2

    CH

    H2C

    O
    CH

    H3C

    C
    OH

    CH3

    CH2

    CH2

    CH2

    CH2

    CH2

    H3C

    CH2

    CH2

    Importance of Acidic Compounds


    Acid # of Oils used for caustic oil recovery
    Carboxylic compounds react with NaOH to
    form in-situ surfactant which enhances oil
    recovery

    Asphaltenes

    Molecular Structure of Asphaltene


    Proposed for 510C Residue of
    Venezuelan Crude by Carbognani
    [INTEVEP S.A. Tech. Rept., 1992]

    Molecular structure of asphaltene proposed for


    Maya crude (Mexico) by Altamirano,
    et al. [IMP Bulletin, 1986]

    http://tigger.uic.edu/~mansoori/HOD_html

    Organo-metallic Compounds
    Very small amounts but heavily regulated
    by the EPA
    Heavy metals of concern: Ni, Va, Pb, Cd

    Classification of Crude Oils


    Chemical
    PNA and combinations (Paraffinic-NaphthenicAromatics)
    Resin and asphalthene content

    Physical
    Specific gravity
    Pour and cloud points
    Gasoline and kerosene content
    S and asphalt content

    Why do we care about the


    properties of individual
    components of oil and gas?

    Why do we care?

    Uses of Crude Oil

    Properties of Interest

    Beyond Distillation Other


    Processes

    A more technical diagram

    End of Chapter One

    Refining Processes

    Your Duties
    Homework Due Friday
    Next Class we will start Chapter 2
    Read pages 46-61

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