Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
223
1.
(a) 151.875
(d) 1574.75
(b) 238.125
(e) 142.453125
2.
3.
(a) .368
(c) .315
4.
5.
R=8
6.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
7.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
204710 = (211 1)10 = (100 000 000 000 1)2 = 11 111 111 1112
1 0000 0000 0000 0000 2
111 111 111 1112
111 11110 = (1 1011 0010 0000 0111)2
8.
(a) 215
9.
(a) 11000011111
(c) 10000000001100
10.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
21 32 . 12 4 = 9 E . 6 16
212 . 32 4 = (10 01 10 . 11 10) 2
132.024 = 30.12510
1234 = 367
11.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(10 11 01) 2 = 2 3 14
(101101) 16 = (1 00 01 01 00 01) 4
(101 101) 8 = (10 00 00 10 01 00 00 01) 2 = (2 0 0 2 1 0 0 1) 4
745 . 12510 = 23221. 02 4
12.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(b) .7816
(b) 150
(c) 53.5
(f) 4274.25
(d) .00112
(c) 706
(d) 947
(b) 110110100001
(d) 10011100001111
224
13.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
14.
(a) (0000, 0010, 0111, 0100, 0110, 1001, 1011, 1000, 1101, 1111) or
(0000, 0101, 0111, 0100, 0110, 1001, 1011, 1000, 1010, 1111)
(b) (00000, 00101, 01111, 01001, 01100, 10010, 10111, 10001, 11011, 11110) or
(00000, 01010, 01111, 01001, 01100, 10010, 10111, 10001, 10100, 11110)
15.
225
1.
ABCD
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
f(A, B, C, D)
(a)
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
(b)
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
(c)
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
2.
(a) C
(b) B
(c) 1
(d) A
3.
(a) AB + C
(b) AB + CD
(c) A + B + C
(d) B + CD
4.
(a) x + y
(b) x + y
(c) 1
(d) x + y
5.
(a) a (b + c + d)
(c) bd
(b) ab (c + d)
(d) ab + ab
6.
(a) y + wxz
(b) b (a + c)
7.
(a) ab + ad + cd
(c) abd + bcd
8.
(c) LHS = AB + AC + BC = AB + AC + BC + BC + AC + AB
= BC + AC + AB = RHS
9.
(c) ad + c(b + d)
(b) ab + bd + cd + ad
(d) ac + ab + acd
(c) ad + bd
227
1.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
2.
3.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
m (3,5,7,11,12,13,14,15) = M (0,1,2,4,6,8,9,10 )
m (0,1,4,5,6,13,15) = M (2,3,7,8,9,10,11,12,14)
M (0,1,2,3,4,6,10,12,14) = m(5,7,8,9,11,13,15)
M (1,2,3,5,6,7,9,11,13,14,15) = m(0,4,8,10,12)
M(5,7,8,13,15,16-24,29,31) = m(0-4,6,9-12,14,25-28,30)
m(8,9,11,12.13,16,17,20.21,24,25,27,28,29)
= M(0-7,10,14,15,18,19,22,23,26,30,31)
4.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
m (0,1,2,4,6,8,9,10) = M(3,5,7,11,12,13,14,15)
m (2,3,7,8,9,10,11,12,14) = M(0,1,4,5,6,13,15)
m (0,1,2,3,4,6,10,12,14) = M(5,7,8,9,11,13,15)
m (1,2,3,5,6,7,9,11,13,14,15) = M(0,4,8,10,12)
m (5,7,8,13,15,16-24,29,31) = M(0-4,6,9-12,14,25-28,30)
M(8,9,11,12.13,16,17,20.21,24,25,27,28,29)
= m (0-7,10,14,15,18,19,22,23,26,30,31)
5.
(a) wxyz+wxyz+wxyz+wxyz+wxyz+wxyz+wxyz+wxyz+wxyz
(b) (w+x+y+z)(w+x+y+z)(w+x+y+z)(w+x+y+z)(w+x+y+z)(w+x+y+z)
(w+x+y+z)
(c) wxy + z
(d) (w + z) (x + z) (y + z)
6.
F(A,D,B,C) = m(0,4,5,6,7,9,11,12,14)
7.
8.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
f = m(0,3,6,8 ,9,10,13,14)
g = m(3,4,5,6,10,11,13)
fg = m(1,2,7,12,15)
f + g = m(0,1,2,4,5,7,8,9,11,12,14,15)
fg = m (0,8,9,14)
fg = m(4,5,11)
228
FAD=01 = B + C,
FAD=10 = B,
FAD=11 = B + C
x = ab + ab
x = ab
x = ab
y = abc
y = ab + c
y = ab + c + d
F = (A + B + C) (A + D) (B + D) (C + D)
= AD + BD + CD + ABC
F = AD + BD + CD + ABC
229
z = bc + bc
z=1
z = c + d
A
B
C
F
D
D
B
C
230
m (0,1,4,5,6)
m (2-7,10,12,13,14)
m (0-5,7-11)
m (1,2,3,6,7,12,14,16-20,22,24,26,28,30)
1.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
2.
(a) M (0,4,5,7,8,10-13,15)
(b) M (2,3,6-15,17,19,21,23,24,25,27,28,29)
3.
4.
5.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
ACD + ACD + BD + AB
AB + CD + BD
BD + BC + BCD + ABD
ABD + CD + AB + BC
6.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(A+D)(B+C+D)(A+B+C)
(B+D)(A+D)(A+B+C)
(B+C+D)(B+D)(A+B+C)
(A+B+C)(A+B+D)(B+C+D)
7.
or
or
BD + BC + BCD + ACD
ABD + CD + AB + AC
8.
9.
(a) (B+C+E)(C+D+E)(B+C+E)(A+C+E)(A+B+C+D)
(b) (A+C+D+E)(A+C+D+E)(B+C+D+E)(C+D+E)(A+C+D)(B+D+E)
BCD + BD + ABC
15.
FBD = 00 FBD = 01 FBD = 10 FBD =11
AC
00
01
1
2
11
10
0
1
10
1
1
0
1
0
1
11
0
1
1
1
14
12
15
0
0
0
15
13
FBC = 10 = A,
FBC = 10 = A,
232
FBC = 11 = AD
FBC = 11 = AD
FADE = 001 = B + C,
FADE = 101 =1,
FADE = 001 = B,
FADE = 101 =1,
233
FADE = 011 = B,
FADE = 111 = 1
FADE = 011 = B,
FADE = 111 = 1
1.
(a), (b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
2.
3.
(b) F = m (7,11,13,14,15)
(c) F = M (0-6,8,9,10,12)
(d) F = A'BCD + AB'CD + ABC'D + ABCD' + ABCD
= BCD + ACD + ABD + ABC + ABCD = BCD + ACD + ABD + ABC
(e) F = (A + B) (A + C) (A + D) (B + C) (B + D) (C + D)
(f) F' = [ (A + B) (A + C) (A + D) (B + C) (B + D) (C + D) ]'
= (A + B)' + (A + C)' + (A + D)' + (B + C)' + (B + D)' + (C + D)'
= A'B' + A'C' + A'D' + B'C' + B'D' + C'D'
(g) F' = [ BCD + ACD + ABD + ABC ]'
= (BCD)' (ACD)' (ABD)' (ABC)'
= ( A' + B' + C') ( A' + B' + D') ( A' + C' + D' ) ( B' + C' + D' )
(h) From (d), F = [ (ABC)' (ABD)' (ACD)' (BCD)' ]'
(i) From (e), F = [(A + B) + (A + C) + (A + D) + (B + C)' + (B + D)' + (C + D)' ]'
(j) From (f), F' = [ (A'B')' (A'C')' (A'D')' (B'C')' (B'D')' (C'D')' ]'
(k) From (g), F' = [(A' + B' + C')' +(A' + B' + D')' + (A' + C' + D')' + (B' + C' + D')']'
(l) From (f), F = ( A'B' + A'C' + A'D' + B'C' + B'D' + C'D' )'
(m) From (d), F' = ( ABC + ABD + ACD + BCD )'
4.
5.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
A'
f
B
C'
B
D'
A
C'
f
A'
B'
C'
7.
A
A'
C'
D'
f
C
A
B
235
8.
A
B
C
D
(a)
9.
(b)
236
1.
Logic 0
X
Y
Z
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Logic 0
/E
D0 D7 (3-to-8)
/
D8 D15
8
2
1
0
D0 D7 (3-to-8)
/
D 0 D7
8
/E
X
Y
Z
/E
2.
A
L
o
g
i
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
A
B
C
L
0
1
2
3
D1
D3
D5
D7
1
0
0
1
2
3
D0
D2
D4
D6
I
/E
o
g
1
0
I
/E
3.
4.
5.
6.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
7.
8.
y1 = a3 + a2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
a3
a2
F1
F2
/Idle = a3 + a2 + a1 + a0
y1
y0
a1
/Idle
a0
9.
F = WX + WY + WXZ + VW + VZ
10. A = wx
B = (wx) = w + x C = (y+z)(y+z) = z
F = uwx + uvw + uvx + uvz + uvy + uvz
238
D = y+z
11.
I0
I1
0
1
0
0
1
C
I2
I3
0
1
B
0
I4
I5
0
1
0
C
I6
I7
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
12.
or
239
1.
2.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
W = m (0,4,6,8,11,12,14,15)
X = m (0,1,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15)
Y = m (0,1,4,5,11,15)
Z = m (0,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
X
X
240
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
3.
X
X
X
f3 = BD + ACD
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
f4 = AB + BD
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
5.
6.
V = A + BC + BC
W = CD + BD + ACD
X = CD + AC + BC + ABD
Y = AC + ACD
Z = X + AD
X
X
X
X
X
f1
4.
241
f2
f3
f4
1.
0
D=1
Q=1
Q=0
T=1
Q=1
Q=0
1
00, 01
(c)
00, 10
JK = 10, 11
Q=1
Q=0
01, 11
Characteristic equation Q+ = MQ + NQ
2.
01, 11
00, 01
MN = 00, 10
Q=1
Q=0
10, 11
3.
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
Present
state
Q
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Next
state
Q+
d
d
1
1
0
0
0
1
Characteristic equation Q+ = x + yQ
Necessary condition x + y = 1
10, 11
Q=1
Q=0
10
242
01, 11
xy = 01
4.
clock
/preset
/clear
5.
clock
/preset
/clear
243
1.
Q1Q0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
Present
State
A
B
C
D
Next state, z
x=0
x=1
A, 0
B, 0
A, 0
D, 0
A, 0
C, 1
A, 0
C, 0
Present
State
A
B
C
D
Next state, z
x=0
x=1
A, 0
D, 0
B, 0
C, 1
D, 0
A, 1
C, 0
B, 0
2.
Q1Q0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
3.
Q1Q
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
Present
state
A
B
C
D
Next state
x=0 x=1
D
A
D
C
A
A
D
B
Z
0
0
0
1
4.
D0 = Q3
5.
D3 = x Q2Q1Q0 + x Q1Q0
D1 = x Q0
z = Q1Q0 + x Q1Q0 + x Q2
6.
7.
D1 = Q0
(a) D1 = x
D2 = Q1
(b) J1 = x,
K1 = x
(a) D1 = x
Q0
D3 = Q2
z = Q1 Q0
J0 = y1
K0 = y1
z = y1 y0
D2 = Q1
T0 = xQ1 + xQ1Q0
K1 = x + Q0 J0 = x Q1
244
K0 = xQ1
z = xQ1Q0
z = xQ1Q0
z = xQ1Q0
8.
J2 = x K2 = x J1 = xQ2Q0 K1 = Q2
z = Q2Q0 + xQ0 + xQ2Q1Q0 + xQ2Q1
J0 = xQ1 + Q2Q1
9.
0
K0 = x + Q2
1
B/0
A/0
0
0
0
1
1
E/1
D/0
C/0
1
10.
y1y0
A
B
C
D
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
Y1Y0
x=0
x=1
00
01
00
11
10
11
00
01
Z
0
0
0
1
D1 = xy0 + y1y0
D0 = x
Z = y1y0
11.
Y1Y0, Z
y1y
x=0
x=1
0 0, 0
0 1, 0
0 0, 0
1 1, 0
0 0, 1
1 1, 0
d d, d
d d, d
D1 = xy0
D0 = x
Z = xy1
A
B
C
Unuse
d
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
12.
y2y1y0
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 1
0 1 0
1 1 0
1 0 0
Presen
t state
A
B
C
D
E
F
Next state
x=0 x=1
A
B
A
C
D
C
E
B
E
F
E
A
Z
0
0
0
0
1
1
245
T2 = xy2y1y0 + xy2y1
T1 = x(y1 y0) + xy2y1
T0 = y2 ( x y0 )
Z = y2
1.
(a) 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
(d) 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
2.
(a) 23
3.
4.
(a)
A = 010101012 = +8510
B = 000010102 = +1010
A = 101010112 = 8510
B = 111101102 = 1010
A + B = 01010101 + 00001010 = 01011111
85 + 10 = +95
A B = 01010101 + 11110110 = (1) 01001011
85 10 = +75
(Bit in parentheses discarded)
A + B = 10101011 + 00001010 = 10110101
85 + 10 = 75
A B = 10101011 + 11110110 = (1) 10100001
85 10 = 95
(b)
A = 011010112 = +10710
A = 100101012 = 10710
(b) +96
(b) 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
(e) 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1
(c) 2
(c) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
(f) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
B = 001010102 = +4210
B = 110101102 = 4210
A = 111010102 = -2210
B = 001011112 = +4710
A = 000101102 = +2210
B = 110100012 = 4710
A + B = 11101010 + 00101111 = (1) 00011001
22 + 47 = +25
A B = 11101010 + 11010001 = (1) 10111011
22 47 = 69
A + B = 00010110 + 00101111 = 01000101
22 + 47 = +69
A B = 00010110 + 11010001 = 11100111
22 47 = 25
(d)
A = 100000002 = 12810
B = 011111112 = +12710
A = 100000002 = (?)10
B = 100000012 = 12710
A + B = 10000000 + 01111111 = 11111111
128 + 127 = 1
A B = 10000000 + 10000001 = (1) 00000001
128 127 = 255
( can't do A + B & A B because A = +12810 can't be represented by 8 bits.)
246
5.
6.
S0
RESET
A
Z=0
0
Z=0
Z=0
X?
X?
1
B
S2
Z=0
X?
0
X?
0
Z=0
Z=1
Z=0
S4
0
X?
1
D
0
X?
Z=0
Z=1
Z=0
1
X?
0
S5
E
Z=1
1
X?
X?
Z=0
Z=1
0
S3
0
X?
Z=1
Z=0
S1
1
X?
Z=0
247
0
Z=1
7.
y3
y2
y1
y0
=
=
=
=
T0 + T1 + T2 = T3
X T0 + X T1 + X T3 = X ( T0 +T1 + T3) = X T2
X T2 + T3
X T0 + X T1 + X T2 + T3 = X ( T0 +T1 + T2) + T3 = X T3 + T3 = X + T3
D2 = Q2+ = Q1
D5 = Q5+ = x (Q2 + Q4 + Q5)
B, A B 1, A B, A + B 1, B A, A, A + 1
(a) 01000
(e) 10011
(b) 11011
(f) 01111
(c) 01010
(g) 01011
248
(d) 11100
(h) 11001