Teeth chop food into small pieces (incisors

cut food, canines tear food, premolars

crush food and molars grind food) to
increase surface area for enzyme activity.
The mouth forms the food into a bolus.
Saliva moistens the bolus. Salivary
amylase in the mouth breaks down starch
into simple sugars. The bolus is pushed
into the pharynx by the tongue.
The pharynx passes the bolus to the
esophagus. A flap of tissue called
epiglottis makes sure that food goes
through the pharynx and air goes through
the larynx.
The esophagus is a muscular tube that
pushes food along using peristalsis (wavelike contractions) so the food will reach
the stomach.
The stomach produces hydrochloric acid to
provide acidic conditions so the enzymes
in the stomach can work at their optimum
pH. Pepsin is an acid in the stomach that
breaks down proteins into amino acids.
Partially digested food, water, hydrochloric

acid and digestive enzymes mixes

together to form a semifluid mass called
chyme.
The liver regulates blood composition,
removes toxins from the blood and stores
some nutrients (eg. Vitamin A, iron, etc). It
also produces bile.
The gall bladder is a small pouch under
the liver. It stores bile that was made in
the liver.
The pancreas produces enzymes, such as:
trypsin to digest proteins, pancreatic
amylase, to digest carbohydrates and
pancreatic lipase to digest fat.
The small intestine consists of 3 parts:
duodenum, which breaks down proteins
into amino acids, fats into fatty acids and
carbohydrates into simple sugars. The
second part is jejunum, The jejunum is
covered in villi and microvilli to increase
surface area for absorption. The last part
is the ileum, which is to absorb food too .

The large intestine absorbs water and the

remaining waste materials are stored as
feces in the rectum before being removed
by the anus,
The rectum is a temporary storage for
feces.
The anus is for egesting feces, unwanted
matter and other indigestible things.

esophagus
MOUT PHARY
H
NX

STOMA
CH
SMALL
INTEST
LIVER INE
GALL
LARGE
BLADD INTEST
ER
INE
LIVER

RECTU ANUS
M