Transmission

Lines and
Waveguides

Lab report
Submitted by:
Muhammad Umer Qureshi

Abstract
The purpose of this lab experiment was to make us familiar with CST studio by
designing a horn antenna.

Introduction
A horn antenna as shown in the figure is used for the transmission and reception
microwave signals. The antenna derives its name from its characteristic
appearance. The flared portion can be square, rectangular or conical. For the proper
functionality of the antenna the size of horn antenna must be comparable to the
wavelength of the incoming or outgoing electromagnetic waves.
Horn antennas are commonly used as active element in dish antennas. The horn is
pointed towards the center of the dish reflector. The use of a horn, rather than a
dipole antenna or any other type of antenna, at the focal point of the dish minimizes
loss of energy (leakage) around the edges of the dish reflector. It also minimizes the
response of the antenna to unwanted signals not in the favored direction of the
dish.

Procedure
Following steps were performed in the CST studio for designing the horn antenna,
1. The units for length were set to inches (in) and for frequency were set to Giga
Hertz (GHz).
2. A brick was defined made of PEC having the dimensions 1.0 * 0.5 * 0.5 in.
3. A cylinder was defined having the outer radius of 1.0 in and height of 0.25 in.
4. The opposite face soft e brick and the cylinder were selected and lofted.
5. The remaining two opposite faces of the brick and the cylinder were selected
and shelled by 0.01in.
6. The waveguide port for the input was defined.
7. The frequency range was set to 8-12.

8. Boundary conditions in all the directions and field monitors were applied.
9. Simulation was started with an accuracy of -40dB.

Results