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NTPC

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DADRI

LOCAL MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTION


LMI/OGN/OPS/ELEC/007
Rev: 02, DATE: August 2014

PREVENTION AND DETECTION OF


GENERATOR ROTOR EARTH FAULTS

APPROVED FOR
IMPLEMENTATION BY
ED (DADRI)

DATE:.

LMI/OGN/OPS/ELECT/007

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REVENTION AND DETECTION OF


GENERATOR ROTOR EARTH
FAULTS
CONTENTS
Sl.

Description

1.0

INTRODUCTION

PAGE
3

2.0 Cause and effect of Rotor Earth Fault

3.0

SCOPE

4.0

REFERENCE DOCUMENT

5.0

SUPERSEDED DOCUMENTS

6.0

Specific Instructions to be followed

7.0

Methodology of implementation and schedule

8.0

THE RESPONSIBILITY CENTRE FOR IMPLEMENTATION

9.0

THE EXCEPTION REPORTING & DISPENSION OF DEVIATION 6

10.0

RECORD KEEPING

11.0

REVIEW

12.0

APPROVING AUTHORITY

Annexure-A

Annexure-B

Annexure-C

10

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PREVENTION AND DETECTION OF GENERATOR


ROTOR EARTH FAULTS
1.0

INTRODUCTION:
The rotor is the rotational element that serves as the interface between
the electrical output of the generator and its mechanical input derived
from the prime mover. In case of rotor earth faults it can cause forced
outages and prolonged shutdowns of the operating units. Also care
should be taken so that units do not run on earth faults for long
duration causing damages to the rotor.

2.0 Cause and effect of Rotor Earth Fault:


2.1 Temporary Cause
 Creep-age to ground due to Moisture/oil/dust particles causing rotor
earth fault.
 The moisture enters the generator if hydrogen dryers are not effective.
 Oil enters into the generator due to problem in the seals and
subsequent oil spray.

 Dust particles find their way into the rotor ventilating canals when rotor
is not covered properly during maintenance after threading out or
during erection/storage stage itself. Hence there are chances of dirt
getting into the coolant stream and there by getting deposited at critical
areas to create creep age shorts. Due care during storage, erection,
operation and maintenance of these equipments will prevent rotor
earth fault and subsequent rotor damages.

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2.2 Permanent faults leading to longer forced outages


a) Insulation failure between rotor body and rotor copper conductor in slot
portion or leads
b) Slip ring insulation failure.
c) Current carrying bolts.
d) Foreign metallic chips creating shorting between steel body parts and
copper conductor.

e) Ground faults in the DAVR system viz. Ground fault in cables from
DAVR to slip rings, ground fault in excitation transformer, rectifier
circuit etc.

2.3 DAMAGE ON ACCOUNT OF DOUBLE ROTOR EARTH


FAULTS:
If the generator is allowed to run with one rotor earth fault, no damage
to the rotor is apprehended because the return path of the current is
not available. However, if second rotor earth fault gets developed in
the process, it could result in serious and extended damage to rotor
steel forging and windings and subsequent damages to the seals. The
magnetization of the rotor shafts is quite common on account of the
rotor earth faults and can also result in permanent damage. Immediate
change noticed in the operating parameters will be the increase in the
field current and generator bearing vibrations.

3.0

SCOPE :
210/500 MW Turbogenerators of of unit 1 to 6 of Dadri-Th

4.0

REFERENCE DOCUMENT:
OGN/OPS/ELECT/007

LMI/OGN/OPS/ELECT/007

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5.0

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SUPERSEDED DOCUMENTS:
LMI/ OGN/OPS/ELECT/007 Issue-1, June 1999

6.0.

Specific Instruction to be followed

The insulation resistance (IR) of the rotor is monitored and if it falls


below a predetermined value, alarm will appear and if decay of the IR
value continues, the unit is allowed to trip. However, appearance of the
rotor earth fault alarm should be the cause of concern and rectification
measures are needed immediately

Presently low frequency (1-3 Hz) injection based Numerical rotor earth
fault relays are installed at all units of Dadri (except unit-1,2 which will
also be completed in next one year). It not only detects the rotor earth
fault, but also gives an alarm when protection is out of service. If the
ohmic value of ground fault further reduced, it trips the unit / generator.
The settings of the relays are:

For Stage-1, Static Relays:


FAULT RESISTANCE

TIME DELAY

ACTION

12 k-ohm

1.5 Seconds

ALARM

5 k-Ohm

05 Seconds

TRIP

For Stage-1, Numerical Relays :


FAULT RESISTANCE

TIME DELAY

ACTION

25 K

10 Seconds

ALARM

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5 K

05 Seconds

DADRI

TRIP

Pick-up value of open Rotor circuit: Qc = 0.02 mAs


For Stage-2, Numerical Relays in Unit 5& 6:
FAULT RESISTANCE

TIME DELAY

ACTION

25 K

10 Seconds

ALARM

5 K

01 Seconds

TRIP

Pick-up value of open Rotor circuit: Qc = 0.02 mAs


7.0 Methodology of implementation and schedule:
Sl. ACTIVITY

SCHEDULE

Responsibility
Centre

Report to EMD in case of Rotor


earth Fault alarm/trip

SOS

Operation Shift

Corrective action in case of above

SOS

EMD Testing section

Routine maintenance as per


Annexure-A
Overhaul Maintenance as per
Annexure-B

Regular

EMD Testing section

O/H

EMD Testing section

8.0

Fault detection procedure as per


Annexure-C
Maintenance of hydrogen purity
during filling and in service

As per
requirement
Regular

EMD Testing section


in association with
COS and OEM
Operation Shift

RESPONSIBILITY CENTRE FOR IMPLEMENTATION:


Section Head of Electrical Testing Lab.

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EXCEPTION

REPORTING

DADRI

&

DISPENSATION

OF

DEVIATIONS:
Any exception is to be brought to the notice of HOD-Elect.
Maintenance and can be dispensed with his approval.

10.0 RECORD KEEPING:


All records pertaining to the routine monitoring, maintenance/testing
carried out during overhaul will be kept with EM section (Testing Lab)
in their daily log and OH report file.

11.0 REVIEW:
1. This document shall be reviewed by (HOP) on every 2 yearly basis
or earlier if required.
2. HOD, Electrical Maintenance is responsible for initiating proposals
for modification in this document.

12.0 Approving Authority:


This document is issued under the authority of Head of project (Dadri)
and can be modified with his due approval.

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Annexure-A

ROUTINE MEASURES/Maintenance:
(a) Thyrister and DAVR system is to be cleaned/air blown during
unit overhaul/opportunity shutdown.

(b) Thrice in a week measurement of rotor earth fault relay bridge


unbalance voltage to ensure healthiness of relay in old static
relays & measurement of Imeas.(in Amp)

& Qc(in mAs) for

ensuring the healthiness of relay.

(c) Thrice in a week cleaning / air blowing of slip rings.


(d) Checking of Rotor Earth Fault Detection System brushes in
stage-II, during unit overhaul/opportunity shutdown.

(e) In stage-I units, the Rotor Earth Fault protection switch is put in
test mode (Trip remains blocked) with knowledge of operation
engineer during brushgear PM to avoid spurious trip.

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Annexure-B

Checks during OVERHAULING:


(a) Checking of rotor earth fault relay and its coupling capacitors,
balancing capacitor.
(b) Simulation of Rotor Earth Fault Protection, for alarm, trip & open
circuit functions.
(c) Thorough cleaning of slip ring system and AVR system.
(d) Measurement of rotor IR and winding resistance.
(e) IR measurement of cable from GRP to Rotor injection circuit
JB,s for ensuring the healthiness of cable.
(f) In case rotor is threaded out, rotor to be stored in covers to
avoid damages to rotor wedges, ingress of dirt, debris etc.

(g) During rotor purge test good air quality is to be ensured i.e.
instrument air to be used for carrying out of said test, here dry
air from instrument airline is passed through the old silica gel
based H2 driers.

(h) During changing of CC bolts (Inner a well as outer) it is to be


ensured that no residual of white alcohol is left inside the CC
bolt space.

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Annexure-C

Procedure to locate the position of fault on a faulty rotor:


A D.C. voltage is applied between the rotor shaft so that around 500-700
Amp current flows through the shaft. One end of the galvanometer is
connected with one slip ring and the other end moved along the rotor
shaft. The null position of the galvanometer will indicate the location of
the fault in that plane. After determining the plane of the fault, remove
the D.C. source from rotor ends and apply D.C voltage with high current
across the plane. The moveable contact of the galvanometer is moved
around the rotor barrel periphery. The point where meter shows zero
deflection will indicate the exact location of the fault.

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