Dm~jj

y wdKn
wdKn kvi g~jbxwZ

g~j

kvn Ave`yj nvbvb

Abyev`

W. Iqvwmg nK

Dm~jj
y wdKn
wdKn kvi g~jbxwZ
fwgKv

g~j: kvn Ave`yj nvbvb

Abyev`: W. Iqvwmg nK

w` cvBIwbqvi I w` DBUbm-Gi c _K GB Mi Abyev` cKvk

KiZ ci Avgiv LyeB Avb` eva KiwQ| g~j eBqi bvg Dm~jj
y
wdKn hvi A_ Bmjvgx AvBbi Drm Ges Drm _K AvBb cYqbi
cwZmg~n| kvn Ave`yj nvbvb Dm~jj
y wdKn-Gi vbi cqvRbxqZv
G M Ki eYbv KiQb|
kvn Ave`yj nvbvb wek eQiiI AwaK mgq ai Dm~jj
y wdKni Dci
covbv KiQb| G msv KqKwU KvwmK I AvaywbK eB chvjvPbv
KiQb hvi DjL g~j M cvIqv hve| wZwb Dcgnv`ki AbZg
KqKRb jLKi eB chvjvPbv KiQb hviv g~j Dm~jj
y wdKni Dci
BsiwRZ eB wjLQb| cvBIwbqvi I w` DBUbm Bmjvgx kwiqvni
wewaweavb myzfve Abyaveb Kivi Rb kvn Ave`yj nvbvbi Usul al Fiqh
(Islamic Jurisprudence) BsiwR eBwUi evsjvq Abyev` cKvk KiQ|

cKvkK

Avng` nvmb gvwbK

eyKgvvi
107 bqvcb, XvKv 1000
dvb: 01678 111105
bookmasterdhaka@gmail.com

M^Z

w` cvBIwbqvi I w` DBUbm
cKvkKvj

bf^i 2015
cQ`

eBwU BsiwR _K evsjvq Abyev` KiQb MelK I jLK W. Iqvwmg

nK| eBwUi g~j jLK kvn Ave`yj nvbvb Abyev`wU `L w`qQb|
Z`ycwi wZbRb kwiqvn wekl W. nvib Avi ikx`, cfvlK gynv`
wmivRyj gvIjv Ges Rbve gvLjQzi ingvb, mUvj kwiqvn evWi
mveK mUvwi Rbvij hZ mnKvi `L w`qQb hvZ eBwUZ
Kvbv cKvi bxwZMZ fyj bv _vK| Rbve nvib Avi ikx` `Ie`
gv`ivmv _K BdZv (dZvqv wefvM) wekl wnme mevP wWwM ARb
Kib Ges cieZxZ AvwjMo wekwe`vjq _K wcGBPwW jvf Kib|
AvRvwZK Bmjvgx wekwe`vjq PMvg (XvKv Kvvm)-Gi cfvlK
gynv` wmivRyj gvIjv Kvwgj (c_g kwY), XvKv wekwe`vjq _K weG
(Abvm) c_g kwY, GgG (Aviwe) c_g kwYZ c_g| Abw`K
gvLjQzi ingvb gvvm wWwM jvf Kivi ci wewfb evsKi kwiqvn
evW KvR Kib| wZwb ek KqK eQi ai `ki mKj Bmjvgx
evsKmg~ni cwZwbwaZkxj msMVb mUvj kwiqvn evW-Gi mUvwi
Rbvij wQjb| GB eB cKvk Ab hviv Mfxi cwikg KiQb Zv`i
ga iqQ cvBIwbqvii mveK mUvwi Rbvij Kwe Igi wekvm|

wRqv kvgm
gy`Y

w` wcUgvvi
dvb: 01813 164815
theprintmaster2000@gmail.com

g~j

`yBkZ UvKv
AvBGmweGb
978-984-33-2353-X

Usulul Fiqh by Shah Abdul Hannan. Translated by Dr. Washim Haque.

Published by Bookmaster, 107 Nayapaltan, Dhaka 1000. 2nd Edition:
November, 2015. Price: Tk 200.00 / USD 10.00

G QvovI cvBIwbqvii Abvb mnKgxivI G evcvi Ae`vb iLQb|

DjL h, BsiwR eB _K Abyev` Kivq bvbvwea fzj-wU _vKv
A^vfvweK bq| Kvbv cKvi fzj-wU Avgv`iK AewnZ Kij cieZx
msiY Zv mskvab Kivi Pv Kiev|

m~wPc

Avgiv evsjv`ki wewk eywRxex kvn Ave`yj nvbvb-Gi BsiwR eBwUi

Abyev` cKvk KiZ ci Avjvni Kwiqv Av`vq KiwQ|

Dm~jyj wdKn t wdKn kvi g~jbxwZ /00

KziAvb /00
mybvn /00
KziAvb I mybvni evLv /00
Av`k, wblavv Ges i` /00
BRgv /00
wKqvm /00
Bmjvgx kwiqvn c~eeZx cZvw` AvBb /00
mvnvwe`i dZvqv /00
BmwZnmvb /00
gvmjvnv gyimvjvn /00
Did Ges BmwZmnve /00
mv` Avj hvivB /00
Kzg kviC /00
ZvAvi /00
BRwZnv` /00
Mcw /00

mfvcwZ
gv: nvweeyi ingvb
w` cvBIwbqvi|
15.11.2015

Lvwj

Dm~jj
y wdKn
wdKn kvi g~jbxwZ
cv_wgKfve ejv hvq Dm~jj
y wdKn (
) Bmjvgx AvBbi Drm ev
wfw wbq AvjvPbv Ki| Aek byij Avbvqvi M jLK kL
Avng` Beb Avey mvC` (whwb gvjv wihIqvb bvg LvZ Ges mgvU
AvIiRei MnwkK) DjL Kib h, GK`j AvBbwe`i gZ Dm~jj
y
wdKn Bmjvgx AvBb I AvBbi Drm `yUv welq wbqB AvjvPbv Ki|
Dm~jj
y wdKn [Dm~j (
) njv AvQj ( )-Gi eePb] njv Bmjvgx
AvBbi wfw| GB kvi gvag Bmjvgx AvBbi Drm _K AvBb
cYqbi cwZ evLv Kiv nq| GB A_ Dm~j njv cwZ Ges wdKn
njv Gi DcRvZ ev dj| myZivs Dm~jj
y wdKn njv Bmjvgx AvBb ev
kwiqvni g~jbxwZ (Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence)|
Dm~j wdKn Bmjvgx AvBbi cv_wgK Drm KziAvb I mybvn wbq
AvjvPbv Kiv nq| A_vr Dm~j KziAvb I mybvni ewk wbq chvjvPbv
Ki Ges KziAvb I mybvn _K AvBb cYqb cwZ eYbv Ki| AvBb
cYqb cwZ evLv KiZ Dm~j KziAvb I mybvni wewfb k weklfve
Ges Aviwe fvlv mvaviYfve chvjvPbv Ki _vK|
Dm~jj
y wdKn (
) Bmjvgx AvBbi gvawgK Drm wbqI
chvjvPbv Ki _vK| hgb
BRgv ( mwZ),
wKqvm (
mv`kZvi AvjvK wmv MnY),
BmwZnmvb (
AvBbMZ cvavb) Ges
BRwZnv` (
MelYv I hywi cqvM)|
AvBb cYqbi GmKj gvawgK Drm Aek cZ ev civfve KziAvb
I mybvni Dci wbfikxj| D`vniY^ic ejv hvq, wKqvmi wZbwU g~j
Dcv`vb AvQj (g~j NUbv), Kzg (AvQji cwZ ivq) Ges Bjvn
(KvhKi KviY) cv_wgK Drmi Dci wbfikxj| Dm~jj
y wdKn Bmjvgx

AvBb msv Abvb cqvRbxq welqvw` wbqI AvjvPbv Ki _vK|

hgb AvBbi Dci c_vi cfve wKsev AvBbi Drm wnme c_vi fwgKv,
Bmjvgx AvBbi iZi w`K _K i webvm njv:
diR ( ),
IqvwRe (
),
gv`ye (
),
nvivg ( ) Ges
gvKin (
)|
Dm~ji KwZcq cyK wevwiZfve Aviwe fvlvi evKiY AvjvwPZ nq
_vK| wbtm`n ejv Pj Bmjvgx AvBbwe``i (&Dm~wjDb) Rb Aviwe
fvlvi vb I evKiY Rvbv AZvekKxq Ze GwU Dm~ji welqe bq|
Dm~j cvV _KB Avgiv RvbZ cvwi, KziAvb I mybvnmn mKj gvawgK
Drmi evLv cwZ, eZgvb I AZxZKvji Bmjvgx wekl`i Dm~j
welq gbvfve, wKqvmi gvag c` ivqi weeiY, BRwZnv`i Abvb
cwZ, Bmjvgx AvBb Ges AvBbwelqK ZvwK welqvw`i weKvk msv
BwZnvm| Dm~j cvVi gvag Gme welq vZ GKRb ew Bmjvgx
AvBb cqvMi mPZb _vKe| G ew hgb AZxZi
AvBbwe``i iwPZ cwZ mK kvkxj _vKe Zgwb eZgvbi bZzb
eveZvi AvjvK AvBb cYqb I evLvi evcviI mPZb ne| m
ZLb AmPZb K_v I KvR _K weiZ _vKe| Dm~jj
y wdKn-Gi g~j
j njv BRwZnv`K wbqY Kiv Ges AvBbwe``i AvBbi Drmmg~n
_K AvBb cYqb c_ c`kb Kiv|
Bgvg kvwdCK Dm~jj
y wdKn ev wdKn vbi RbK ejv hZ cvi|
K_vwU GB A_ mZ h, Dm~jj
y wdKni g~jbxwZjv Bgvg kvwdC c_g
cYvjxefve web Kib| Bgvg kvwdCi c~ei AvBbwe`iv bxwZi
AvjvKB AvBb cYqb KiZb Ze m mKj bxwZ GKwZ Ges myweb
wQj bv| Bgvg kvwdCi ci cPiz we ew Dm~j cvVi evcvi Ae`vb
iLQb| Zv`i ga DjLhvM njb, Aveyj nvmvb Avj evmwi
(BKvj 436 wn.), Bgvg Avj nvivgvBb Avj RyqvBwb (BKvj 487
wn.), Avey nvwg` Avj Mvvwj (BKvj 505 wn.), dLiwb Avj ivwR
(BKvj 606 wn.), mvBdzwb Avj Avwgw` (), Aveyj nvmvb Avj
KviwL (BKvj 349 wn.), dLiwb Avj evR`vIwq (BKvj 483
wn.), Avey evKvi Avj Rvmmvm (BKvj 370 wn.), mv`i Avj kvwiqvn

(BKvj 747 wn.), ZvRDwb Avj myewK (BKvj 771 wn.) Ges Bgvg
Avj kvwZwe () cgyL|
cv_wgKfve Dm~j cvVi `yUv aviv weKvk jvf Ki ZvwK I Avivnx|
ZvwK cwZi weKvk NU Bgvg kvwdCi gvag whwb mymsefve
KwZcq bxwZ cYqb Kib Ges Zvi wfwZ BRwZnv` Kib Ges dZvqv
`b| Abw`K cv_wgK nvbvdx cwZMY KziAvb I mybvni wfwZ
dZvqv `b Ges m me dZvqvq hme bxwZ AbymiY Kiv nqwQj Zvi
wfwZ Dm~j cYqb Kib| hvnvK, cieZx cwZMY `yUv avivK
mgw^Z Kib Ges eZgvb GB mgw^Z aviv cPwjZ iqQ|

KziAvbi ay A_ ( gvbv) wKsev ay cvV ev Text ( bvRg)

KziAvb bq| Bmjvgx AvBbwe`MY G evcvi mZ nqQb h A_ I
cvVi mgwB KziAvb|
KziAvb bvwRj nqQ avc avc (KziAvb, 17:106) Ges avivevwnKfve
(KziAvb, 25:32)| Iwni avivevwnK AeZiY ( ) IwnK `qg
KiZ I gyL KiZ mnvqZv KiQ| mKj Bmjvgx wekl mgM
KziAvbi weZvi evcviI HKgZ cvlY KiQb|
KziAvbi enr Ask bvwRj nqQ gvZ (30 fvMi cvq 19 fvM) Ges
evwK Ask gw`bvZ| gvq bvwRjKZ AvqvZmg~n ewYZ nqQ GK
AvjvnZ wekvm, Awekvmx`i mv_ weiva, mZi w`K Awekvmx`i
cwZ Avnvb BZvw` welqmg~n| wK gw`bvq AeZxY m~ivmg~n
DcivwjwLZ welqvw`i AwZwi cwievi, mgvR, A_bxwZ, `Iqvwb I
dR`vwi `wewa BZvw` welqK AvBbx aviv AvjvwPZ nqQ| Kvbv
m~iv hw` c_g gvq bvwRj nq Ges Gi Abvb AvqvZmg~n cieZxZ
hw` gw`bvZI bvwRj nq _vK mB m~ivK gx m~iv ejv ne| Avi Kvb
m~iv gx Ges KvbwU gv`vbx Zv wbicY Kiv nqQ mvnvwe I Zvewqb`i
eYbvi cwZ|
wewfb wnmve _K `Lv hvq KziAvb cvq 500wU AvBb msv welqvw`
weeZ nqQ| GmKj wewaweavb msv AvqvZ e nqQ wZKviK
c_v hgb wk nZv, my`, Ryqv, mxgvnxb eweevn, wZc~iY, gwjK
Bev`Z bvgvR, ivRv, nR, RvKvZ BZvw` cm| Aviv ewYZ
nqQ `vb, kc_, weevn, ZvjvK, BZ, gvni, fiYcvlY, wki
cwZcvjb, `yacvb, wcZZ, DivwaKvi Ges nev msv welqvw`|
GQvovI AvQ eemvwqK Av`vbc`vb hgb q, weq, avi, eK, abxMwiei gvS mK, bvqwePvi, mv, hy Ges kvw BZvw` welq|
Rvwb ( AbygvbMZ) Ges KvZC ( wbwZ) `yBwU welq Dm~j
cvV AvjvPbv nq| KvZC Ges Rvwb aviYvwU AvjvwPZ nqQ cvV
(Text) Ges cvVi A_ evSvZ| KziAvbi mg cvVB KvZC, A_vr
KziAvbi eYbv m`nvZxZ| KziAvbi evBi Avi h cvVK KvZCi
ghv`v `qv nq Zv njv gyZvIqvwZi nvw`m Ges mybvn| Abvb nvw`m Ges
BRwZnv` Rvwb chvqfz|
KvZC: KziAvbi hmKj cvV my k AvjdvR Avj IqvwRnv
(
) weeZ nqQ Ges ki GKwU gv A_ enb Ki GmKj
cvVK A_MZ w`K _KI KvZC ej weePbv Kiv nq|

KziAvb
Dm~ji KwZcq cyivbv ^xKZ M (hgb kL Avng` Beb Avey mvC`
iwPZ byij Avbvqvi ev kL Aveyj evivKvZ Beb Avng` bvmvwd iwPZ
gvbvi Mq) Dm~ji ewkifvM Ask nQ wKZveyjvn A_vr KziAvb
wkivbvgi Aaxb| G wkivbvgi Aaxb AvjvwPZ welqmg~n njv
KziAvbi ki kwYwebvm (A_ev Aviwe fvlv), KziAvb I mybvni
evLvi cqvRb cqvRbxq Aviwe evKiY|
AvjvP M KziAvb Aavq Aviwe fvlv ev evKiY AvjvwPZ ne bv|
eis KwZcq AvaywbK Dm~j wekli Av`j evLvi cwZ GB
wkivbvgi Aaxb KziAvb I nvw`mi k evLv I kwYwebvmi cwZ
wbq AvjvPbv ne| AvMnx cvVKi cwZ Abyiva iBj Zviv hb Aviwe
fvlv I evKiY wfbfve cvV Ki bq| AvjvP cwiQ` KziAvbi
KwZcq ewk I Gi fwgKv wbq chvjvPbv Kiv ne|
KziAvb njv Ggb M hv Avjvni evYx wnme ivm~j gvnv` (m.)-Gi
wbKU bvwRj nqQ| KziAvb gvU 114wU Amg AvqZbi m~iv iqQ
Ges m~ivwji m~wP welqvbymvi web bq| Avjvni evYx ev Iwn `yB
cKvi| h_v Iwn Rvwni Ges Iwn evwZb|
Iwn Rvwni (
cKvk Iwn): KziAvb cKvk Iwni (Iwn Rvwni)
mgw hv Avjvni fvlvq gvbyli mv_ Zvi mivmwi hvMvhvM|
Iwn evwZb (
AcKvk Iwn): Iwn evwZb (AcKvk Iwn) Iwn
Rvwni _K wfb GB A_ h Iwn evwZb AbyciYvwfwK| ivm~j (m.)Gi nvw`m Iwn evwZb chvqfz|
nvw`m Kz`wm: hLvb AvjvnK ivm~j (m.) DZ KiQb, hv KziAvbi
chvqfz bq, cKZ
c GmKj nvw`mi mb` (nvw`m eYbvKvix`i
AvbywgK) h_v_ wKbv Zv hvPvB mvc welq| hw` mb` (AvbywgK)
`yej _vK Ze nvw`mwU `yej ej weewPZ ne hw`I nvw`mwU nvw`m
Kz`wm chvqfz nq| GwU DjL Kiv cqvRb h ivm~j (m.) nvw`m Kz`wm
I Abvb nvw`mi ga cv_K wbicY Kib wb|

Rvwb: hv KvZCi msvi ga co bv Zv-B Rvwb| KvZC Ges Rvwbi

iZ wbfi Ki AvwK`vMZ welqi Ges AvnKvgMZ welqvejxi
iwebvm diR (
), IqvwRe (
), mybvn ( ), nvivg ( ),
gvKin (
) BZvw`| AvwK`v ( ) ev wekvm msv welqvejx
wbavwiZ nq KvZC cvV I KvZC A_i mg^q| GKRb ew Kvdi ej
weewPZ ne hw` m KziAvbi KvZC cvVK A_ev gyZvIqvwZi mybvnK
A^xKvi Kib, Ab_vq bq| GKBfve diRI wbavwiZ nq KvZC cvV
I cvVi KvZC A_ mnKvi (`e: cwiQ` 17, W. nvwkg Kvgvwj,
wcwcjm Ae BmjvwgK RywimcW)|
KziAvbi AwaKvsk cvV A_MZ w`K _K KvZC| A_MZ w`K _K Rvwb
G iKg ki D`vniY m~iv wbmvi
(evbZzKgz Zvgv`i Kbviv)
k (KziAvb, 4:23) Ges m~iv gvq`vi (BqvbdvD wgbvj Avi`
cw_ex _K wbevmb) k| Gme k ev evKvsk ^ZtB my bq, ZvB
Gwj Rvwb|
KvZC I Rvwbi AvjvPbvq KziAvb I mybvn GK Acii cwic~iK| h
Kvbv GKwU Rvwb AvqvZ KvZC ej cwiMwYZ nZ cvi Ab h Kvbv
GKwU KvZC AvqvZ ev KvZC mybvni gvag| GKBfve Rvwb mybvn
KvZC mybvnZ cwiMwYZ nZ cvi Ab Kvbv KvZC AvqvZ ev KvZC
mybvni mg_b|
hZ`~i me KziAvwbK AvBbi en`sk evcK AvwK (Broader
Outlines) c`vb Kiv nqQ| ejv Pj Lye Kg B KziAvb
wevwiZfve wewawbla eYbv KiQ| myZivs G msv AchvZv `~i
KiZ Ges cqvRbxq evLvi Rb Avgv`iK AekB mybvn Ges
BRwZnv`i Dci wbfikxj nZ ne|
fveevi welq njv, AvnKvgi KvhKviY (Zvwjj
) wK Zv wbq
Abymvb Kivi Kvbv GLwZqvi Avgv`i AvQ wK bv? AwaKvsk Dm~j
wekl`i gZ G welq ay nuv evaKB bq, AwaK BRwZnv`i
gvag Bmjvgx AvBbi AvaywbKvqbi Rb AZxe RiwiI eU|
hvnvK, A msLK wekl gb Kib Zvwjj Abygvw`Z bq Ges GKB
hywZ wKqvmI mg_bxq bq| Ze GB avivi gZwU `yej Ges meZ
Zvwjji Dk bv evSvi KviYB G avivi mw nqQ| Ab AviKwU
weeP welq njv Avmeve Avj-byRj
y (
) AvqvZ bvwRji
cvcU| KziAvbi Kvbv AvBb Avmeve Avj-byRj
y viv mxgvwqZ bq|
Ze Avmeve Avj-byRj
y KziAvb I Gi AvBb eySZ mnvqZv Ki|

mybvn
Aviwe fvlvq mybvn ki kvwK A_ njv c`wP (beaten track) ev
AvPiYi cwZwZ aviv| Bmjvgc~e Avieiv mybvn k viv cvPxb A_ev
cPwjZ AbykvmbK eySvZv| nvw`mi Avjg`i gZ ivm~j (m.) nZ
ewYZ ee, Kg Ges bxie mwZ GB wZbi mgwB njv mybvn| Dm~j
ev AvBbkv AvBbi Drm wnme mybvn kwUi eenvi `Lv hvq|
D`vniY njv ivm~j (m.)-Gi we`vq nR Ges gyqvR Beb Rvjvj (iv.)K Bqvgb cvVvbvi eYbvq|
AvBbZ mybvn kwUi m~Pbv nq wnRwi c_g kZKi kl| DjL Kiv
`iKvi h wZxq kZKi klva Bgvg kvwdC mybvn kwU ivm~j (m.)Gi mybvnZ mxgvwqZ Ki `b| Dm~jj
y wdKnZ mybvnK kwiqvni wZxq
Drm wnme evSvbv nq KziAvbi ci hvi vb| wK wdKvni
Ijvgv`i KvQ mybvn ejZ cv_wgKfve kwiqZi mB AskK evSvq
hv Aek KiYxq chvqfz bq, Ze Zv gv`ye ev Abygvw`Z chvqfz| G
welq Kg kiqx Aavq `Lyb| wK kwiqZi Drm wnme mybvn Kvbv
wKQzK IqvwRe, nvivg ev gvKin ej NvlYv KiZ cvi| mvaviY
eenvi mybvn Ges nvw`m Dfq kB ivm~j (m.)-Gi AvPiYi mgv_K
wnme eeZ nq| mybvn Kvbv wKQz cwZvi Rb GKwU cgvY
(vn)| KziAvb mv `q h, mybvn Avjvni wbKU _K ciYvg~jK
(KziAvb, 53:3)| KziAvb ivm~j (m.)-K gvbZ wb`k KiQ (KziAvb,
4:59, 4:80, 33:36, 59:7)| ivm~j (m.)-K wePviK gvbZ Avjvn
wekvmx`iK Av`k w`qQb|
GK aibi kwYwebvm Abyhvqx mybvnK wZbfvM fvM Kiv hvq:
KvDwj ( ) gwLK DPviY,
dBwj ( ) eve Kg Ges
ZvKwiwi (
) bxie Abygv`b|
wewaMZ Ges AwewaMZ mybvn G `yB fvMI mybvnK fvM Kiv hvq|

Avjevwb G welq DjLhvM Ae`vb iLQb| hviv AviweZ cvi`kx

Zviv Avjevwbi wjwLZ Mmg~n `LZ cvib| Gi evBiI Gg Gg
AvRwg iwPZ vwWR Bb nvw`m g_WjwR `LZ cvib|
gyZvIqvwZi (
) nvw`m cvq B aviYvMZfve KvZC wnme
weewPZ nq (
gyZvIqvwZi wej gvbv)|
wKQz nvw`m AvQ hv Ai Ai gyZvIqvwZi wnme weewPZ (
gyZvIqvwZi wej jvdR)|
Aviv DjL Kiv `iKvi h gyZvIqvwZi nvw`mi eYbvKvixi msLv AbK
nq _vK Ges AbK mgq Zviv wewfb jvKvjqi Awaevmx, ZvB wg_v
Dvebi mvebvI Kg| gyZvIqvwZi nvw`mi kZmg~n njv
1. AmsL eYbvKvix _vKe;
2. eYbv cZ vbi Dci wfw Ki ne;
3. eYbv fvlvMZ w`K w`q ev Bmjvgi gwjKZi w`K w`q
h_vh_ ne;
4. eYbv mgKvjxb Mvxq I ivRbwZK cfvegy ne|
Dm~ji AwaKvsk Ijvgv`i gZ gyZvIqvwZi nvw`mi KZZ KziAvbi
mgZzj| gyZvIqvwZi nvw`m (KvZC) Ges G nvw`mi A^xKwZ
KziAvb A^xKwZi mgZzj|
gvki nvw`m ejZ evSvq h nvw`mi eYbvKvix wZbRb ev ZZvwaK
Ze AmsL bv, wK cieZxZ nvw`mwU ej AvjvwPZ nqQ| AwaKvsk
Avjg`i gZ gvki nvw`m GK aibi Avnv` ( ) nvw`m Ges G
cKvi nvw`m (KvZC) bq eis Abygvbg~jK (hv AKvU vb c`vb
Ki bv)|
Avnv` nvw`m: AwaKvsk GKRb mvnvev KZK Gme nvw`m ewYZ
nqQ Ges `yB-wZb cRbi AvM nvw`mjv cwiwPwZ cvq wb, hv Kvbv
vb `q bv| AwaKvsk AvBbwe`i gZ hw` Avnv` nvw`m GKRb
wek eYbvKvixi gvag ewYZ nq Ze nvw`mwU AvBbi wfw nZ cvi|
wKQz AvBb wekvi` hw`I Avnv` nvw`mi Dci wfw Ki kwiqvn weavb
`vbi gZvgZ w`qQb, Ze AvwK`v (Cgvb) Ges n` (
Bmjvgi `wewa) Avnv` nvw`mi Dci wfw Ki Mo DVZ cvi bv|
Bgvg gvwjK Ggb Kvbv Avnv` nvw`mi Dci Avv vcb Kib wb hv
gw`bvi cwZwZ c_vi wecixZ| AwaKvsk Bgvgi gZ bxwZMZfve
Avnv` nvw`mi KZZ ZLbB _vKe hw` Zv GKRb wek eYbvKvixi viv

wewaMZ mybvn ev mybvn ZvkwiBqv (

) ejZ GKRb bex, kvmK I
wePviK wnme ivm~j (m.) KZK mKj ee I Kgi mgwK evSvq|
AwewaMZ mybvn ev mybvn Mvqi ZvkwiBqv (
) njv ivm~j (m.)Gi Lv`vfvm, wb`vhvcb, cwiaq cvlvK-cwiQ` Ges Gic Abvb
AvPiY hv kwiqZi Ask ej weewPZ bq|
b~ij Avbvqvi bvgK Dm~j M ivm~j (m.)-Gi Gme KvhKjvcK
Afvm ( Av`Z) wnme DjL Kiv nqQ| wKQz wKQz AvPiY Aek
`yUv AskB co ej gb nZ cvi| GKRb hvM wekli cB
GB wefvRb Kiv me| AwaKvsk wekli gZ wPwKrmvwe`v, Kwlwe`v
BZvw` ckvMZ welq ewYZ mybvn kwiqvni Af
y bq| ivm~j (m.)-Gi
mmKj K_v I KvR hv wekl Aevi mv_ mwKZ, hgb hyKkj,
kcK wev Kivi Kkj, AvgYi mgqm~wP, Aeiva A_ev
Aeiva Zzj bqv GmKj mvgwqK Aevaxb welqvejx kwiqvnfz bq|
Aviv wKQz welq AvQ hv ay ivm~j (m.)-Gi B chvR| hgb Zvi
xi msLv, gvni eZxZ weq, ivm~j (m.)-Gi x`i cybweevn
wblavv| KziAvb I mybvni cKw ZMZ wfbZv, mybvni h_v_Zv Ges mybvn
hnZz KziAvbi weZ evLv ZvB mybvni Dci AekB KziAvbi cvavb
_vKe| hw` KLbv Dfqi ga weiva `Lv `q Ze AekB KziAvb
cvavb cve| KLbvB mybvni AbyKj KziAvb evwZj ne bv|
DjL Kiv `iKvi h, mybvn ewki fvM B KziAvbK mg_b Ki|
mybvn KziAvbi mvjvZ, RvKvZ, nR, my`, jb`b Gic Aviv AbK
welq AwaKZi evLv c`vb Ki Ges Zi Ki Zvj| mybvni
AviKwU Ask njv wfwg~jK mybvn (
mybvn Avj gyAvm&mvmvn)
A_vr h weavb mybvnZB Kej iqQ, hgb x I Zvi Lvjv ev dzdz K
GK weevn Kivi wblavv A_ev mwi cvK qi AwaKvi (dv)
BZvw`i DjL KziAvb cvIqv hvq bv| mybvn Avj gyAvm&mvmvn KZK
c` wblavv I Zvi AwaKvii `v KziAvb DjL eZxZ mybvni
wfwZB nq _vK|
nvw`m kvi wekliv msMnxZ nvw`mK M vb `evi c~e msMni
mgqB mKj nvw`mK wbixY Ki `LQb nvw`mmg~ni Bmbv`
(eYbvm~) h_v_ wK bv Ges GB wbixvi wfwZ nvw`mmg~nK mwnn
(
), nvmvb (
), RBd (
) ev `yej Ges gvIRy () ev
evbvqvU GB Pvi fvM fvM KiQb|
GLbv nvw`m kvi cybtwbixv Pjgvb| eZgvb kZK bvwmiwb

eYbvKvix`i ga KD mvw`K (mZev`x), mvw`K Bqvwng (mZev`x

mI fzj Ki) Ges gvKeyj (Ggb ew h Awek bq)-Gi wbP bv
hvq|
RBd (
) nvw`m: GKwU nvw`m RBd (
) ej MnxZ ne hw`
eYbvKvix`i ga KD gvRj (
AcwiwPZ) A_ev dvwmK
(ZvKIqvi D`vmxb) ew _vK|

ewYZ nq| AwaKvsk Avjg gb Kib bv h, Avnv` nvw`m e GKRb

_K AbRbi wbKU ewYZ nZ ne| Avnv` nvw`mi AvswkKI ewYZ
nZ cvi hw` ewYZ Ask mvgwMK nvw`mwUi mv_ mvsNwlK bv nq|
hw` Kvbv nvw`m ek wKQz eYbvKvix viv ewYZ nq, Kviv eYbvZ hw`
Ab`i Pq AwZwi eYbv mshvwRZ _vK ZLb AvjvPbv KiZ ne
h nvw`mwU GKB eVK DPvwiZ nqwQj wK bv? hw` ZvB nq Ze
AwaKvsk eYbvKvixi eYbvq hUv GmQ mUvKB MnY KiZ ne|
gyvwmj ( wbiewQb) Ges MvBi Avj gyvwmj (
wewQb
nvw`m):
gyvwmj (
wbiewQb): gyZvIqvwZi (
), gvki (
) Ges
Avnv` ( ) nvw`m hw` AwewQbfve ivm~j (m.) _K ewYZ nq Zvnj
Zv gyvwmj chvqfz|
MvBi Avj gyvwmj (
wewQb) nvw`m: gyimvj (
), gy`vj (
) Ges gybKvZC ( ) MvBi Avj gyvwmj chvqfz nvw`m|
gyimvj nvw`m: AwaKvsk Avjg`i gZ h nvw`m mvnvevi bvgvjL
eZxZ GKRb Zvewqbi gyL nZ ewYZ nqQ ZvB njv gyimvj nvw`m|
AwaKvsk Avjg gyimvj nvw`mK cvgvY wnme MnY Kib wb| Bgvg
Avng` Ges Bgvg kvwdC gyimvj nvw`mi Dci Avv vcb Kib wb hw`
bv nvw`mwU GKRb weLvZ Zvewq KZK ewYZ bv nq Ges G I
MnYhvM ne hw` KwZcq kZ cvwjZ nq (Gme kZi DjL Dm~ji
eBmg~n AvQ)| Abw`K Bgvg Avey nvwbdv Ges Bgvg gvwjK Ab `yB
Bgvgi Pq gyimvj nvw`m MnYi Kg KVviZv Aej^b KiQb|
gybKvwZ ( ) nvw`m: hmKj nvw`mi mb` GKRb eYbvKvixi bvg
AbycwZ iqQ ZvK gybKvwZ ( ) nvw`m ej|
gy`vj (
) nvw`m: gy`vj (
) nvw`m njv ZvB, h nvw`mi mb`
cici `yRb eYbvKvixi bvg AbycwZ|
nvw`mmg~nK Avevi mwnn, nvmvb Ges RBd GB wZb fvMI fvM Kiv
nqQ|
mwnn (
) nvw`m: Kvbv nvw`mK mwnn ejv hve (mwnn GB A_ h,
nvw`mwU eYbvKvix AZ wek; GB A_ bq h nvw`mwU mevZKfve
mwVK ev KvZC) hw` nvw`mwU AZ wek (
wmKvZzb mvweZzb)
A_ev wek ( mvweZzb) eYbvKvix viv ewYZ nq|
nvmvb ( ) nvw`m: GKwU nvw`m nvmvb ej MnxZ ne hw`

Rvwni (
),
bvm ( ),
gydvm&mvi ( ) Ges
gyn&Kvg ( )|
Rvwni ( ): Rvwni njv mB aibi k hvi A_ Ges _nxb,
Z_vwcI Zvweji Rb Dby Kb bv GmKj ki A_ cmi mv_
mvgmkxj bq|
bvm ( ): bvm njv _nxb k Ges cmi mv_ mvgmkxj|
GwUI Zvweji Rb Dby|
Rvwni Avi bvm kqi ga cv_K wbfi Ki DwjwLZ kwUi A_
cmi mv_ mvgmkxj wK-bv wKsev kwUi A_ gyL bv MY Zvi
Dci| Rvwni Avi bvm kmg~ni A_ MnY KiZ ne| wdKn kv
bvm kwUi c~e AvjvwPZ A_i evBi AviKwU iZcY~ A_ eenvi
Kiv nq, hvi A_ KziAvb Ges mybvni wbw` cvV (Text)| GLvb Aek
G A_ bvm kwU eeZ nq wb|
gydvm&mvi ( ) Ges gynKvg ( ): gydvm&mvi (_nxb) Ges gynKvg
(cvj) k ejZ mme kmg~nK evSvq hv mvweKfve Ges
G Zvweji Avkqi cqvRb nq bv| Rvwni Avi bvm kmg~ni
mv_ gydvm&mvi Avi gynKvg kqi cv_K GLvbB| Zvi w`K _K
gydvm&mvi Avi gynKvg kqi gvS Kvbv cv_K bB| Ze
AvBbwe`iv kqi ga wfbZv Avivc KiQb bvmL (
)-Gi
cwZ| Gi BsiwR cwZk njv Abrogation ev cwieZb-cwieab
wKsev mshvRb-weqvRb| AvBbwe``i gZ gynKvg bvmLhvM bq, Avi
gydvm&mvi bvmLhvM| Ze G cv_Ki Lye GKUv cvqvwMKZv bB| Kb
bv GLb bZzb Ki Avi bvmLi AeKvk bB|
A k: A k (
Avj AvjdvR MvBi Iqvw`nvn)
Pvi kwYfz| h_v:
Lvwd ( `yeva),
gykwKj (
Avqvmmva),
gyRgvj (
msw A_evaK) Ges
gyZvkvwen (
RwUj I cQb)|
Lvwd ( ): Lvwdi D`vniY njv mvwiKv ( Pzwi) kwU AvswkKfve

KziAvb I mybvni evLv

Dm~jj
y wdKn (
)-Gi GKwU iZcY~ weeP welq njv Bmjvgi
gwjK Drm KziAvb I mybvnK wKfve evLv Kiv ne| KzivAvb Ges
mybvni cvV Ges cvVi A_ evSvi RbB G evLv Kkj Rvbv `iKvi|
Kvbv ew hw` KziAvb I mybvnK MfxiZifve evLv KiZ Pvq Ze
Zvi Aviwe fvlvi vb cqvRb| GRb Dm~jj
y wdKni jLKMY Dm~jj
y
wdKni cvVm~wPZ ki kwYwefvM mshvwRZ KiQb|
cvV (Text) ^qs hw` cgvY (vn) nq _vK Ze mvaviYZ evLv Kivi
cqvm bqv nq bv| hvnvK, wdKn A_ev AvBbi en`sk evLvi gvagB
iPbv Kiv nqQ| GwU DjL Kiv `iKvi h Zvwej ( evLv) Ges
Zvdwmi (
) GK welq bq|
Zvdwmi (
): Zvdwmii j njv c` cvVi A_ evLv Kiv Ges
D cvVi cwimxgv _K AvBbi aviv ei Ki AwbwnZ fve cKvk
Kiv|
Zvwej (
evLv): Zvweji j njv cvVi kvwK A_i evBi
hq Ges jyvwqZ A_ ei Kivi Pv Kiv, hv cvqB AbygvbKZ hyw Ges
BRwZnv`i Dci wbfikxj|
cvVi cZKwU ki cKZ
( gyZjvK), mvaviY ( Avg) Ges
kvwK A_ mvaviYZ MnY Kiv nq|
Zvdwmi ZvkwiC: hw` KziAvb ev mybvni GKvski evLv (
Zvwej)
KziAvb ev mybvni Ab Ask viv c`vb Kiv nq Ze GK Zvdwmi
ZvkwiC ej Ges GB evLvKZ AskK AcwieZbxq AvBbi Ask
wnme weePbv Kiv nq| Ze hw` Zvdwmi A_ev Zvwej gZvgZ ev
BRwZnv`i (
) ic bq Ze G evLvmg~nK Rvwb weePbv Kiv nq
Ges Gi viv KLbv wKQz IqvwRe nq bv|
k (AvjdvR Avj IqvwRnv): _nxb kmg~nK Pvi kwYZ fvM
Kiv nqQ| kwY PviwU njv

10

 bq ev `yeva, Kbbv cKUgvi Pzwii chvqfz wK bv Zv evaMg

bq, wK GUv Rvbv AZ Riwi| hw` cKUgvi Pzwii Afy bv nq
(GUvB AwaKvsk AvBbwe``i gZ) Ze cKUgvi n`i (KziAvb Ges
mybvn ewYZ `wewa AvBb) mywLb bv nq ZvwRii (AvBb cqvMKvix`i
viv cYxZ AvBb) mywLb ne|
gykwKj (
): gykwKj ki GKvwaK A_ _vK| ZvB cvVi cKZ
A_
wbicYi Rb BRwZnv` (
) I Zvweji ( ) kiYvcb nZ nq
(G GKvwaK gZvgZ _vKZ cvi)| gykwKj mnRvZfve _K
k|
gyRgvj (
): gyRgvj mmKj k I cvVK wb`k Ki hv
mnRvZfve A^Q Ges KvbwU mwVK A_ m evcvi Kvbv wb`kbvI
`q bv| gyRgvj ki bvbvwea A_ _vKZ cvi A_ev GwU GKwU
AcwiwPZ k nZ cvi| D`vniY^ic mvjvZ, nR, wiev Ges wmqvg
kmg~ni DjL Kiv hZ cvi| G kmg~n Zv`i kvwK A_ nvwiq
djQ Ges eZgvb kjv UKwbKvj ev kiC A_ MnY KiQ|
hvnvK, G kmg~n cyivcywi cwivi ( gydvm&mvi) ic cwiMn
KiQ, hnZz G evcvi mybvnZ h_vh_ evLv c`vb Kiv nqQ| 101
bs m~ivi 1-5 bs AvqvZ DwjwLZ Avj Kvwiqvn kwU gyRgvj ki
D`vniY| kwU KziAvb KZK evLvZ, dj Zv ic cwiMn KiQ|
hw` kwUi cwic~Y evLv Avjvn KZK c`vb Kiv bv nZv Ze gyRgvj
kwU gykwKj ej weewPZ nZv Ges BRwZnv` I Zvweji Rb kwU
Dby _vKZv|
gyZvkvwen (
RwUj I cQb): gyZvkvwen (RwUj) njv Ggb k hvi
A_ inmgq| nidzj gyKvvAvZ (
) h_v Avwjd jvg wgg njv
gyZvkvwenvZ kmg~ni D`vniY| KDB Gme ki A_ Rvb bv| AbK
wekl KziAvbi hmKj AvqvZ gvbyli mv_ Avjvni mv`k Avbv
nqQ mmKj AvqvZK gyZvkvwen chvqfz ej weePbv KiQb|
Avevi wKQz wekli gZ nidzj gyKvvqvZMZ eZxZ Avi Kvbv k
gyZvkvwen chvqfz bq| AvBb iwPZ nq Ggb cvV gyZvkvwen k bB|
ki GKcKvi fvM nQ Avg Ges Lvm| eenvii `wKvY _K
kmg~nK Avg Ges Lvm `yB fvM webvm Kiv hvq|
Avg ( mvaviY): Avg nQ mmKj k hvi GKwU gv A_ _vK Ges
hv AbK msLvi eenvi Kiv nq| cwigvY msLv viv G eenvi
mxgvwqZ bq Ges hmKj welq kwU chvR Zvi mKjKB kwU aviY

Ki| Avg chvqfz ki D`vniY njv Bbmvb (

) evsjvq gvbyl|
hLb AviweZ Avj ( ) AvwUKjwU Kvbv wekl c`i c~e eeZ
nq ZLb wekl c`wU Avg ej weewPZ nq| Aviwe fvlvq Rvwg (
mKj), Kvd&dv (--- mKj), Kzjy ( mKj) kq hw` Ab Kvbv
kmg~ni c~e ev ci eeZ nq ZLb Zv Avg ej cwiMwYZ nq|
D`vniY^ic GKwU nvw`mi DjL Kiv hZ cvi; hgb
(jv `vivi Iqvjv w`iviv wdj Bmjvg)| A_ Bmjvg
K `qv Ges K MnY bB| hLb Kvbv Av`k Avg ki eenvihvM
Kiv nq ZLb Av`kwU chvR mKj B AvivwcZ ne| Avgi
wbaviYi Rb ay fvlvi evKiYi w`K Lqvj ivLjB Pje bv eis
evweK gvbyli eenvii w`K Lqvj ivLZ ne Ges hw` KLbv
evKiY ixwZ I eenvwiK ixwZi ga weiva `Lv `q m
eenvwiK ixwZB cvavb cve| Avg k wZb aibi nZ cvi| h_v:
1. mvweKfve mvaviY (
) gv wgb `vevwZb (`:6)
2. Avg hv Avmj _vgv (Avj Bgivb:97)
3. Avg hv ........ weklvwqZ Kiv nq (evKviv: 228,
Avnhve:49)|
&AviweZ wZwb kwU Lvm, Ze kZvivwcZ evK kwU eeZ nj
kwU Avg nq hvq (KziAvb 2:185, 4:92)|
Lvm (
wbw`): Lvm Ggb k hv mxwgZ msLvi Rb eeZ nq Ze
eeZ i mKj wKQzKB Af
y Ki| hgb GK, `yB, GKkZ,
Bgivb, GKwU Nvov, GKRb gvbyl GmKj k Lvm ki D`vniY|
AvBbMZ h weavb ev wb`k mywbw` avivq ewYZ nqQ cqvMi
Zv wbw` Ges Zvweji Rb Dby bq| G evcvi HKgZ nQ Lvm
njv KvZC A_vr Gi A_ Ges cqvM h Kvbv m`ni Da| DjL
Kiv cqvRb h, KziAvb I nvw`mi eeZ 99 fvM kB Avg ( )|
AvjgMY Avg kwU Rvwb bv KvZC G evcvi wfbgZ cvlY Kib|
AwaKvski gZ Avg njv Rvwb, Ze Ab`i gZ Avg njv KvZC| G
gZweivai djvdj cwivi nq hvq Avg I Lvmi weivai |
GKB welq KziAvb I mybvnZ `ywU wfb eYbv cvIqv Mj Ges eYbv
`ywUi GKwU Avg I AbwU Lvm nj AwaKvsk Avjgi gZ Lvm cvavb
cve| Ab Aski gZ Avg Lvm viv weklvwqZ ne|
AwaKvski gZ Lvm njv KvZC, Avg KvZC bq| Gi dj Lvm Avgi
Dci cvavb cve| msLvjNy Aski gZ AvgI KvZC Ges ZvB `ywU

11

weavb hw` mgqi gvbymvi mgvivj nq Ze Avg Lvm viv weklvwqZ

ne| Lvm i` nq hve hw` Avgi Drcw ci nq| Avg AvswkKfve
weklvwqZ ne hw` Lvmi Drcw ci nq| AwaKvski gZvbymvi GKwU
Avg cvebv GKwU wbfihvM ev KvZC evKvsk viv weklvwqZ nZ
cvi Ges GB evKvskwU GKB cvVi ev AvqvZi wKsev Ab Kvbv
AvqvZI nZ cvi| Avi G mewKQz me BmwZmbv (
ewZg,
D`vniY KziAvb, 2:282), Kvq` (kZ, D`vniY KziAvb, 4:12),
wmdvZ (
Y, D`vniY KziAvb, 4:23), Mvqvn (cqvMi mxgv,
D`vniY KziAvb, 5:6) BZvw`i ga w`q|
Avgi djvdj njv GUv mvaviYB _vKe, hw` bv AvgK weklvwqZ Kiv
nq| GgbwK AvswkK weklvwqZ Kivi ciI AweklvwqZ Aski Rb
AvgB weeP| Avgi ZvLwmm (mxgveZv) _vKzK ev bv _vKzK
AwaKvski gZ mvweKfve Avg AbygvbhvM (Rvwb) Ges Avg Zvweji
Rb Dby|
ki AbcKvi fvM nQ gyZjvK Ges gyKvqv`|
gyZjvK ( ) : gyZjvK Ggb k wb`k Ki hv cqvMi
mxgvwqZ bq| hLb Avgiv ewj GKwU eB G K_vwU Kvbv iKg
mxgveZv Qvov h Kvbv eBqi cqvM Kiv hvq| gyZjvK njv
AmxgvwqZ k|
gyKvqv` ( ) : hLb gyZjvK k Ab k ev kmvi viv mxwgZ
(qualified) nq ZLb kwU gyKvqv` nq hvq| D`vniY^ic ejv hvq,
GKwU jvj eB| Avg I Lvm hLvb ki cwiwa wbq chvjvPbv Ki
gyZjvK I gyKvqv` mLvb ki cqvMi mxgv wbq AvjvPbv Ki
(hw`I gyZjvKi mv_ Avgi I gyKvqv`i mv_ Lvmi mv`k AvQ)|
gyZjvKi GKwU D`vniY njv `vm gy Ki `vI (KziAvb, 5:92)|
gyKvqv`i D`vniY njv gywgb (wekvmx) `vm gy Ki `vI (KziAvb,
4:92)|
cqvMi w`K _K gyZjvK mvweK hw` bv mxgvwqZ nq _vK| hLb
gyZjvK gyKvqv` wnme mxgvwqZ ne ZLb mxgvwqZ fvl cvavb cve
(KziAvb, 5:3 Ges 6:145)| GKB welq hw` `ywU fvl _vK GKwU
gyZjvK AbwU gyKvqv` Ges Gi cwZ ivq I KvhKiYi wfbZv `Lv
`q Ze `ywU fvlB KvhKi ne Ges KvbvwU mxgvwqZ ne bv| GwUB
AwaKvski gZ|
ki AbcKvi fvM nQ nvwKwK (
kvwK) Ges gvRvwR (

icK)| mvaviYfve kmg~n kvwK A_ eeZ nq| kvwK A_ icK

A_i Pq ewk cvavb cve wekl Ki AvBbMZ | KziAvbi
AwaKvsk AskB kvwK Ze icK AskI KziAvb AvQ| D`vniY^ic
KziAvbi 40:13 bs AvqvZi DjL Kiv hvq| GLvb ejv nQ, Avjvn
RxweKv AvKvk _K bvwRj Kib, hvi A_ ne ew| hw` Kvbv
icK A_ cvavb cvq Ze m icK A_ kvwK A_i Pq ewk
cvavb cve| D`vniY^ic ejv hvq ZvjvKi (
) kvwK A_
(wewawbla _K gyw), i` nq icK A_ MnxZ nqQ| DjL h
KziAvb I mybvni eeZ 99 fvM k nvwKwK|
AviK cKvi fvM nQ mwin (
) Ges wKbvqv (
civ)|
mwin (
mivmwi): mwin njv Ggb k hvi A_ RwUjZvnxb Ges
mivmwi| GmKj ki A_ evi wbKU wKsev jLKi wbKU RvbZ
PvIqvi cqvRb nq bv|
wKbvqv (
civ) : wKbvqv njv Ggb ee hv evi Dk e
Ki bv, G kvZvK evi cKZ
Dk Rvbevi Rb cybivq evLv
PvIqvi cqvRb nq| D`vniY^ic ^vgx xK ejjv BZvw (MYbv i
Ki)| Gi viv ZvjvK eySvq bv, Kbbv fve cwivi bq| G evK
Zvi Dk wRvmv Kiv ne|
gykZvivK (
): gykZvivK k njv Ggb k hvi GKvwaK A_ AvQ|
AvBb ( ) kwU gykZvivK k| Aviwe fvlvq G kwU viv PvL,
SYv, Pi BZvw` evSvq| Gic GKvwaK A_ nevi KviY nZ cvi
wewfb mgq Gme A_ wKsev icK A_ gykZvivK ki eenvi|
AvBb`vZvi Dk Gic bq h, kwiqvni Av`k wKsev wbla Ggbfve
ewYZ ne hvi A_ GKvwaK ne| gykZvivK k cKw ZMZ w`K _K
gykwKj cKw Zi Ges aygv wekl`i cB mwVK A_ wbicY Kiv
me| gyRZvwn`iv (wekliv) Gi A_ wbicYi wfbgZ cvlY
KiZ cvib|
Avj `vjvjvn: cvV (Text)-Gi A_ weklY Kivi Rb cavbZ `ywU aviv
cPwjZ AvQ| GKwU nQ nvbvdx gZ, AbwU nQ kvwdC gZ| GB `yB
avivi ga gwjK Kvbv cv_K bB| nvbvdx avivi Dm~wjqvb`i gZ
cvV ev Text weklY Ki PviwU cwZZ AvBb ei Kiv nq| h_v:
BevivZzb bvm (
): BevivZzb bvm njv Ggb k hvi A_
Aekvexic cvV _K `qg Kiv hvq Ges kwU cvVi g~j
welqeiB cwZwbwaZ Ki| hgb Ryqv wbwl nIqvi weavb| kwiqZi

12

AwaKvsk weavb BevivZzb bvm chvqfz cvV _K MnxZ nqQ|

BevivZzb bvm _K MnxZ weavbi Kzg KvZC chvqfz Ges GmKj
weavbi Rb Kvbv mg_bKvix mvi cqvRb nq bv|
BkvivZzb bvm (
): wZxq chvqfz kmg~n njv BkvivZzb bvm|
G kmg~ni BwZc~Y wKsev civ A_ _vK| G chvqfz AvqvZ njv
2:236| mvaviYZ weevni c~eB gvnivbv wbaviY KiZ nq| Ze G
AvqvZi Mfxi Abymvb aviYv `q gvnivbv wbaviY ewZiK weevni
Pzw me| m Aek ci gvni wVK KiZ ne (KziAvb, 4:4)|
`vjvjvZzb bvm (
): ZZxq chvqfz kmg~n njv `vjvjvZzb bvm|
G cwZZ cvVi cKZ
fve Ges hywi AvjvK kmg~ni A_ wbaviY
Kiv nq, hw`I MnxZ A_i BwZ cvV DjL bvI _vK| KziAvbi
17:23 bs AvqvZi DjL Kiv hZ cvi hLvb eeqmx evev-gvi
mv_ Dd& kwU DPviY KiZ wbla Kiv nqQ| welqwU ay Dd& ki
ga mxgve _vKe bv eis evev-gvi mv_ Kvbvic Lvivc AvPiY Kiv
hve bv GwUB D AvqvZi g~j ee|
BKwZ`vDb bvm (
): PZz_ chvqfz kmg~n njv BKwZ`vDb
bvm| G cqvRbxq A_i evcvi cvV wbzc _vK, Z_vwcI h_vh_
Dk c~iYv_ cqvRbxq A_ Abygvb Ki wbZ nq| D`vniY^ic
KziAvbi 4:23 AvqvZi DjL Kiv hZ cvi hLvb gv I KbvK
weevn Kivi wbla Kiv nqQ| GLvb gvZv I Kbv ejZ wbR
xi Kbv ev gvK evSvbv nqQ| hw` Kvbv welq chvqMZ weiva
`Lv `q Ze c~eeZx chvqi weavb cieZx chvqi weavbi Dci
cvavb cve| hgb BevivZzb bvm, BkvivZzb bvmi Dci cvavb cve|
G nQ nvbvdx Dm~j wekl`i gZ|
Dm~ji kvwdC Ijvgviv cvVi (Text) cqvMK cavbZ `yB fvM fvM
KiQb| h_v: `vjvjvZzj gvbZzK (
DPvwiZ A_) Ges
`vjvjvZzj gvdg (
AwbwnZ A_)|
`vjvjvZzj gvbZzK (
DPvwiZ A_): `vjvjvZzj gvbZzKK
Avevi `vjvjvZzj BKwZ`v (
cqvRbxq A_) Ges `vjvjvZzj
Bkviv (
civ A_) GB `yB fvM fvM Kiv nqQ|
`vjvjvZzj gvdg (
AwbwnZ A_): `vjvjvZzj gvdgK
Avevi gvdgyj gyqvdvKvwZ (
mvgmkxj A_) Ges gvdgyj
gyLZvwjdvwZ (
wecixZ A_) G `yBfvM fvM Kiv nqQ|
kvwdC Ijvgviv gvdg Avj gyLZvwjdv kv_K MnY Kib bv hw` bv

ZvZ KqwU kZ c~iY nq| kvwdC Ijvgviv wmdvZ ( Yvejx), kiZ

(
kZ) Ges Mvqv ( SuvK) GmKj wewawbla Avivc
KiQb|
nvbvdx Ijvgviv gvdgyj gyLZvwjdvwZ MnYi kvwdC`i Pq
ewk KVvi| nvbvdxiv GmKj Ggb Kvbv A_ MnY Kib bv hv
cvVi mv_ mvgmkxj bq| KziAvb Ges mybvni evLvi
KvbvfveB nvbvdxiv gvdgyj gyLZvwjdvwZ cwZZ A_ MnY Kib
bv|

13

AwaKvsk Ijvgv gb Kib h Kvbv wblai ci Av`k Avmj Kej

AbygwZ evSvq, evaZvg~jK bq (KziAvb, 5:2 Ges 62:10)|
AwaKvski AviKwU gZ njv Kvbv Av`k gv GKevi cvjb Kiv
evaZvg~jK, hw` bv evievi Av`kwU c~iYi KviY _vK| hLb kZ
mvc Av`k Rvwi nq ZLb kZci~ Y gvB Av`kwU cvjb Kiv
evaZvg~jK (KziAvb, 5:6)|
wbla ( bvwn): Av`ki wVK wecixZ njv wbla| Kvbv wKQz bv
Kivi `vweB njv wbla| wblai aib weewZi AvKvi nZ cvi
(KziAvb, 2:221) A_ev nZ cvi Av`ki fwZ wKQz bv Kivi Rb
(KziAvb, 22:30, 62:9)| wbla nZ cvi mvweK wbla (Zvnwig),
A_ev c_wb`kbvg~jK (Bikv`), A_ev nZ cvi frmbvg~jK (Zvw`e)|
wbla hv wZivi wb`k Ki KziAvb Zvi DjL AvQ (KziAvb, 5:87)|
bwZK c_wb`kbvg~jK wblai DjL `Lv hvq KziAvbi 5:104 bs
AvqvZ| AwaKvski gZ wbla g~jZ Zvnwig chvqi hw` bv Ab
KvbviKg wPv Kivi gZv BwZ _vK|
Kvbv KvR (AvbyvwbK Bev`Z eZxZ) hw` wbR^ KviY wbwl bv nq
eis ewnfZ Kvbv KviY wbwl nq Ze kvwdC gZvbyhvqx GwU i` (
evwZj) nq hvq Ges nvbvdx gZvbyhvqx GwU dvwm` ej weewPZ nq|
evwZj A_ GwU Avi mskvab Kiv hve bv| dvwm` A_ mwnn nIqvi Rb
wKQz kZ c~iY Kiv nq wb Ges Zv c~iY Kij welqwU mwnn nq hve|
A_vr dvwm` mskvabhvM| wK Bev`Z msv welq G Aevb wfb|
G dvwm` I evwZj mgchvqfz| Ab K_vq GLvb ay evwZj
NU, dvwm` nq bv|
wblavv cvjb AZvekKxq Ges hLbB G Av`k gb Pjv chvR ne
ZLbB Zv gb PjZ ne| wblavv hw` kZ mvc nq Ze hLbB kZ
eZgvb ne ZLbB wblavv KvhKi ne|
bvm&L ( i`): kvwK A_ bvm&L& A_ njv wejvc mvab| bvm&LK
msvwqZ Kiv nq kwiqvni GKwU weavb Ab GKwU weavb viv evwZj
nIqv ev cwZvwcZ nIqv viv| GKgv weavbvejxi B bvm&L KvhKi
nq, wekvmi welqei bq| bvm&L KvhKi nq aygv
hw` `yUv weavbi gvb GKBiKg kwkvjx nq;
weavb `yUv hw` wfb cvV (Text) DjwLZ nq;
weavb `yUvi ga hw` cKZ
weiva _vK Ges KvbvfveB

Av`k, wblavv I i`
Av`k ( ): Av`kK msvwqZ Kiv hZ cvi DaZb KZc
i
wbKU _K Aatb KZci wbKU wKQz Kivi gwLK `vwe wnme|
Av`k bvbvb aibi nZ cvi| Av`k gvbB G KZZi ebv
_vKe| Aviwe ixwZ Abyhvqx wKQz wbQK AZxZKvj ewYZ Kvbv
ee Kvbv wKQz Kievi Rb Av`k wnme weewPZ nZ cvi
(KziAvb, 2:178)| bwZK Acivai wb`v wnmeI KziAvvbi Kzg
bvwRj nZ cvi (KziAvb, 2:189)| KziAvbi Av`k Kvbv cyivi I
kvwi cwZkwZ c`vb wnmeI AvmZ cvi (KziAvb, 4:10-14)|
iZc~Y ck njv, GKwU Av`k wK _vK? Av`k cvjb wK
evaZvg~jK, mycvwikg~jK A_ev ayB AbygwZ bvwK Av`k viv Gi meB
eySvq? AwaKvski gZ Av`k viv evaevaKZvB evSvbv nq hw` bv
G Ab wKQz Kivi myhvM _vK| KD KD ejZ Pvb h, Av`ki
viv ay evaevaKZv Ges mycvwik wb`k Ki| Ab AbK ejb Av`k
viv ay KvbvwKQz Kivi AbygwZ evSvq| cwivifve ejZ Mj
ejZ nq, AwaKvski gZvgZB h_v_ Ges hwK| A_vr Av`k viv
g~jZ evaevaKZv evSvq, ewZg Qvov|
Av`k viv Kvbvmgq AbygwZ (Permission) evSvZ cvi|
D`vniY^ic ejv hvq, KziAvb hLb ejv nq LvI Ges cvb Ki
(KziAvb, 7:31), ZLb eYbv _K aviYv cvIqv hvq h GwU wbQKB
AbygwZ| Abyic D`vniY cvIqv hvq KziAvbi 5:2 bs Ges 62:10 bs
AvqvZ| wKQz Av`k viv mycvwik Kiv nqQ| hgb KziAvbi
2:282 bs AvqvZ| ^msLK Av`k viv gwK c`kb Kiv
nqQ| hgb Kvbv wekl wKQz KvR _K weiZ _vKevi Dc`k
msewjZ AvqvZ (KziAvb, 24:33) Ges Av`k viv Ave`b ev cv_bv
evSvZ cvi (KziAvb, 2:286)| hvnvK, Av`k viv g~jZ
evaevaKZvK wb`k Kiv nq (diR, IqvwRe)| GwU wbfi Ki cvV Ges
Gi A_ `yUvB KvZC wKsev KvZC wKbv Zvi Dci|

14

mg^q me bv nq; Ges

weavb `yUv `yB mgqKvji nq|
wKQz Ijvgv ^xKvi Kib bv h KziAvbi Kvbv AvqvZ i` ev evwZj
nqQ| G kwYfz Avjg`i gZ KziAvbi 2:106 bs AvqvZ
DjwLZ i` mwKZ ee KziAvbi chvR bq eis c~eeZx
wKZvei Rb chvR| Zviv Aviv ejb KziAvbi Z_vKw_Z weivai
mg^q mvab me| gynv` Avmv` Ges gvIjvbv AvKig Luv Zv`i
KziAvbi Zvdwmi DjL KiQb KziAvbi Kvbv bvm&L bB| cLvZ
BmjvwgK jvi W. Ave`yj nvwg` Avey myjgvb gb Kib cv_wgK
hyMi Ijvgviv bvm&LK BwZnvmi cvwicvwkK Aevi AvjvK bv `L
vqx gZev`i ghv`v c`vb Ki fzj KiQb| wZwb gb Kib h bvm&Li
eenvi aygv cwivi mxgve _vKv `iKvi hgb wKejv
cwieZb|
AwaKvsk Avjgi gZ KziAvb I mybvni bvm&L KvhKi nqQ|
Zv`i gZ BRgv ( ) viv KziAvbi Kvbv weavb i` ( ) nq bv|
KziAvb I mybvni Kvbv cvVK wKqvmI cwZvcb KiZ cvi bv| Bgvg
kvwdCi gZ `yB aibi bvm&L AvQ:
KziAvb viv KziAvb i`; Ges
mybvni viv mybvn i`|
Ab`i gZ Pvi aibi bvm&L AvQ:
KziAvb viv KziAvb;
mybvni viv KziAvb;
KziAvb viv mybvn; Ges
mybvn viv mybvn|
Ze GUvB mwVK gZ ej gb nq hv W. Ave`yj nvwg` ejQb| wbPi
jvZ Gi evBi AviK aibi kwY wefvRb AvQ|
bvm&Lj
y K&g (
) ev weavb iwnZKiY;
) ev cvVi iwnZKiY; Ges
bvm&Lj
y wKivAvn (
bvm&Lj
y Kwg IqvZ wZjvIqvn (
) ev weavb I cvV
DfqB iwnZKiY|
bvm&Lj
y K&g ejZ evSvq weavbwU evwZj nqQ wK cvVwU iq MQ|
bvm&Lj
y wKivAvn ejZ evSvq cvVwU i` nq MQ wK weavbwU iq

MQ| bvm&Lj
y Kwg IqvZ wZjvIqvn ejZ evSvq cvV Ges weavb
DfqB evwZj nq MQ| Dcii wZbwU kwYKiYi ga bvm&Lj
y Kgi
wKQz wfw AvQ wK evwK `yUvi wfw LyeB `yej| mvBq` Aveyj Avjv
gI`~`x Zvi ivmvqj Iqv gvmvqj M DjL KiQb Kb bvm&Lj
y
wKivAvn MnYhvM bq|
bvm&L ( ) Ges ZvLwmmi (mvaviY cvVi weklvqY A_ev Yvivc)
ga cv_K AvQ| ZvLwmm bvm&L bq| GUv nQ AvgK weklvwqZ
Kiv| AviKwU wePvh welq njv ZvwR` (mshvRb) evwZjhvM wKbv?
AwaKvski gZ Di njv bv, Ges G gZB h_v_|
mevcwi Avwg gb Kwi GB mKj welq W. Ave`yj nvwg` Avey myjgvbi
AwfgZ weePbvi `vwe ivL|

15

cgvY eZgvb _K Pov MY Kiv hvq bv| BRgvi ^c hmKj

AvqvZi DjL Kiv nq (KziAvb, 4:59, 4:83, 4:115) Zvi KvbvwU
_KB BRgv cwZvi Rb Pov wmv bqv hvq bv| Bgvg Mvvwj
GmKj AvqvZK BRgv cwZvi c BwZc~Y Ze Pov bq ej DjL
KiQb| Bgvg myqwy Zi evLvI Abyic| Bgvg gynv` Ave`y GmKj
AvqvZ BRgv cwZvi ^c Kvbv BwZ Lyu R cvb wb| Avj Avwgw`
ejQb, GmKj AvqvZ mvebvi mw Ki, Kvbv vb `vb Ki bv|
cvq `kwU nvw`m BRgvi ^c DjL Kiv nq| Avng` nvmvbi
cheY njv BRgvi ^c GmKj nvw`m AKvU bq| eo msLK
Ijvgv (kvwdC Ges gyZvwRjvcx) gb Kib Ijvgv`i msLvwaK Ges
`~iZi evcKZvi KviY GLb Avi BRgv cwZv Kiv me bq| G KviY
Bgvg kvwdC evaevaKZvg~jK KZei B BRgvi cqvMK mxgve
KiQb| m GKB KviY `vD` Rvwnwi Ges Bgvg Avng` BRgv viv
mvnvex`i HKgZ eywSqQb|
Ave`yj Inve Lvjvd gZ `b h, ac`x evLv Abyhvqx BRgv eZgvb
mgqKvj me bq, Kbbv cPiz msLK Ijvgv weZ
Aj Ryo eZgvb|
Ave`yj Inve Lvjvd h_v_B ejQb| cyivbv auvPi BRgv eZgvb me
bq| eZgvb AvwjK wfwZ BRgv cwZv KiZ ne hv cvjvgU
KZK AvBb cYqbi gvag me wK G AvBb wPib bq|
BRgv `yB aibi| h_v:
BRgv Avj mwin (my BRgv), Ges
BRgv myKwz Z (bxie BRgv)|
AwaKvsk Ijvgvi gZ Avj BRgvDm myKZ
z (G evcviwU NU ZLbB hLb
GK ev wKQzmsLK wekl Kvbv evcvi HKgZ cuQvq Ges G
evcvi Kvbv weivwaZv `Lv `q bv) kwiqZi evaZvg~jK cgvY
wnme cwiMwYZ ne bv| wKqvm BRgvi wfw nZ cvie wKbv G evcvi
wZb aibi gZvgZ `LZ cvIqv hvq| KD ejb nZ cvi, KD ejb
bv, Avevi KD AvswkKfve nuv ejb|
wekl`i Avnv` A_ev gyZvIqvwZi eYbvi gvag BRgv ewYZ nZ
cvi| mvnvwe`i KZK cwZwZ BRgvi D`vniY eZxZ Avi Kvbv
gyZvIqvwZi BRgvi DjL cvIqv hvq bv| gvnv` BKevj cve
w`qQb h BRgv cwZvi evcviwU cvjvgUi Dci Qo `qv nvK
eZgvbKvj GKgv GfveB BRgv cwZv Kiv me| Avjvgv gvnv`
BKevj G h_v_ ejQb| Zvi aviYv MnY Kiv hZ cvi| Ze

BRgv
Aviwe k AvRAvgv-Gi wekl ic njv BRgv ( )| kwUi `yUv
A_ AvQ| c_gZ, Kvbv welq wmv MnY Kiv Ges wZxqZ gZK
cuQvbv| KziAvb I mybvni ci BRgvK Bmjvgx kwiqZi ZZxq cgvY
ev mv wnme weePbv Kiv nq| BRgv kwiqZi hwK mv| GK
A_ev KwZcq wekl KZK MnxZ BRwZnv` ev evLv hLb
mveRbxbfve MnxZ nq Zv-B BRgv|
Dm~ji weklMY BRgvi h evLv c`vb KiQb Zv njv gymwjg
weki mKj wekl Kvbv welq mvweKfve HKgZ cvlY Kij Zv
Pov BRgv ej weewPZ ne| cv_wgK hyMi Dm~wjDb`i gZ GKgv
GBic Pov BRgvB mKji Rb evaZvg~jK| hvnvK, Gic mvweK
BRgvi NUbv LyeB weij| Kvbv wbw` welq hv BRwZnv` ev Zvweji
Rb Dby m BRgvi NUbv NUv cKZ
B `yi|
wekliv BRgvi h D`vniYjv Zzj aib Zv njv mvnvweMY KZK
MnxZ BRgv| Dm~ji AwaKvsk Ijvgv gb Kib h BRgv ` (`y`)
Bev`vn I AvwK`v msv welq nZ cvi| c_g BRgv MnxZ nq
mvnvwe`i gvS| wKQz welq gymwjg Dvni gvS GKZv eRvq ivLevi
Rb cv_wgK chvq BRgv mnvqZv Ki| Kvbv weavbi KZZ BRgvi
gvag ewcv nq| Kvbv wbw` mgq Kvbv welq Avjg`i gvS
HKgZ BRgvi Rb cqvRbxq| H mgqi mKj Ijvgv cwivi
gZvgZi ga w`q mwZ c`vb Kie| mKj gyRZvwn`i mwZi
wfwZB BRgv cwZwZ, hw`I AbK gb Kib mKj bq AwaKvski
mwZZB BRgv cwZwZ ne|
AwaKvski mwZ kwiqvn AvBbi GKwU `wjj nZ cvi wK Zv
evaZvg~jK bq| Kbbv evaZvg~jK BRgvi Rb nvw`m hmKj kZi
DjL AvQ Zv c~iY nZ ne (mKj gvbyli BRgv, wb`bc mKj
wekli mwZ)|
mKj IjvgvB gb Kib h BRgv cwZvi ^c cvVMZ (Textual) h

16

Gfve MnxZ BRgv ewkKfve ^xKwZ cve bv Ges GUvK evaZvg~jK

fvev hve bv (hw` bv MnxZ BRgvwUK m `k AvBbi ghv`v `qv nq)|
Dcmsnvi ejv hvq fwelZ BRgvi eenvi msKxY nZ cvi| eis
wKqvm, gvmjvnv AwaK iZcY~ Ae`vb ivLe|

wKqvm
kvwK A_ wKqvm ejZ evSvq Kvbv wKQzi evw, IRb A_ev
Yvejxi cwigvcKiY A_ev wbwZKiY| wKqvm ejZ Aviv evSvq
`yUv `ei ga mvg Ges mv`k cwZv KiZ Zzjbv Kiv| Dm~ji
fvlvq wKqvm njv g~j NUbv ( Avmj) _K bZzb NUbvZ (
dvi) kwiqvn AvBbi mcmviY, KviY bZzb NUbvi KvhKviY (BjvZ)
Avmj NUbvi Abyic|
wKqvmi iZvivci welq njv g~j NUbv Ges bZzb NUbvi gvS
mvaviY KviY Lyu R ei Kiv| wKqvmi gvag MwVZ AvBbK AvBbwe`iv
bZzb AvBb wnme weePbv Kib bv| hvnvK, mKj eve cqvRb
wewfb welq wKqvm bZzb AvBbi gZvB|
wKqvm AvBbwe``i viv DvweZ GK aibi cwZ hvi gvag bZyb
MwVZ AvBb KziAvb I mybvni wbKUeZx nq| KviY GmKj bZzb
AvBb h KvhKviYi (BjvZ) Dci wfw Ki Mo DVQ Zv KziAvb I
mybvni weavb _K DvweZ|
wKqvmK hw` cqvM Kiv bv nZv Ze bZzb iwPZ AvBb KziAvb I
mybvn _K Aviv `~i Pj hZ| GwUB wKqvmi h_v_Zvi hyw|
wKqvm njv hwK gZev` (KviY eywew evcKfve BjvZ AlY
eeZ nq)| wK wKqvm ewMZ gZvgZ (ivq) Iwni ekZv ^xKvi
Ki (KziAvb I mybvn _K BjvZ DvweZ nq)| wKqvm KziAvb wKsev
mybvni Kvbv AvBb cwieZb Ki bv| wKqvm GKwU cwZ| wKqvmK
AvBbwe`iv GB A_ ^xKwZ w`qQb h kwiqvni weavb KwZcq Dk
(
gvKvwm`) AbymiY Ki hv hywi mv_ mvgmc~Y| Rvwnwi
(
) AvjgMY wKqvmK MnY Kib wb| wK AwaKvsk Avjg
wKqvmi evcvi h_v_ wmv MnY KiQb|
wKqvm wbqZv c`vb Ki bv| wKqvm ZvB Abygvb wbfi| KziAvb I mybvn
_K MnxZ AvBbi Abyic KZZ wKqvm _K MnxZ AvBbi bB|
wKqvmi gvag MnxZ AvBbi evcvi bvbviKg gZ AvQ, hgb

17

gyZvAvw)| KD KD Zvw`qv (nvi) mK wfb gZ cvlY Kib|

BjvZ bvm-Gi wecixZ nZ cvie bv|
Aviwe cKvkixwZ Abyhvqx KvBjv ( Gic bv), wj AvRwj (
KviY), wj ( Rb), dv ( Gic), we ( KviY), wegv Avbv
(), Bbv ( ) BZvw` AbK B BjvZK wb`k Ki (KziAvb,
4:34, 5:38)| Aviwe k mveve (KviY) BjvZ ki cwZvcK wnme
eeZ nq| Aek KD KD k `yUvi ga cv_K wb`k Kib|
cv_KwU DjLhvM wKsev cwivi bq| hvnvK, BjvZ kwU eenvii
w`K _K evcKZv cqQ|
cvV _K BRwZnv`i gvag ivq `evi Rb bvmi ( ) hLb BjvZ
fve DjwLZ _vK bv, ZLb gyRZvwn``i `vwqZ BjvZ Lyu R ei
Kiv| `yB avc GwU Kiv me| m~Pbv we`y njv ZvLwiRyj gvbvZ (Bjvni
AviKwU cwZk njv gvbvZ)|
ivq `evi mgq GKi e`j GKvwaK BjvZi DcwwZ nZ cvi|
m gyRZvwn``i KiYxq njv h_v_ BjvZ Lyu R ei Kiv|
cwqvwUK ZvbwKn Avj gvbvZ (BjvZK ^ZKiY) ej|
bZzb NUbvi hLvb ivqi mcmviY NUe mLvb ZvnwKKzj
gvbvZ (BjvZ AvQ wK bB) `LZ nq (mvaviY Pzwii mv_ cKUgvii
mv`kKiY me wKbv A_ev flR cvbxqi BjvZ wK g`i Abyic)|
wKqvmi kwYwebvm: wKqvmi GK aibi kwYwebvm njv
1. wKqvm Avj AvIjv (
DbZ aibi wKqvm)|
2. wKqvm Avj gymvwe (
mv`kKi mvg)|
3. wKqvm Avj Av`bv (
`yej mv`kKiY)|
wKqvm Avj AvIjv Ggb aibi wKqvm hLvb Avmj NUbv Acv bZzb
NUbvZ KvhKiY fve cZxqgvb (KziAvb, 17:23)|
wKqvm Avj gymvwe njv Ggb aibi wKqvm hLvb Avmj I dvi ( )
Dfq B BjvZ mgvbfve cZxqgvb nq (KziAvb, 4:2)|
wKqvm Avj Av`bv ejZ evSvq Ggb aibi wKqvm hLvb BjvZ dviGi Avmji bvq fve cZxqgvb bq|
wKqvmi AviK aibi kwYKiY njv:
1. wKqvm Rvwj (
Aekvwe mv`kKiY)|
2. wKqvm Lvwd ( jyvwqZ mv`kKiY)|

gZwfbZv AvQ cvq mKj BRwZnv`x AvBbi evcvi| wKqvmi

cqvRbxq Dcv`vbm~n njv Avmj (g~j welq hvi Dci wfw Ki ivq
`qv nqQ), Kzg (ivq), BjvZ (h KvhKviYi cwZ ivq c`vb Kiv
nq) Ges dvi (bZzb NUbv hvi Dci ivq c`vb Kiv ne)| G g`
cvbi wblavvi NUbvwU DjL Kiv hZ cvi (KziAvb, gvq`v:90)|
G weavbwU PZbvbvkK Abvb gv`Ki I chvR nZ cvi|
mv`ki KviY wbgv avci gvag me|
Avmj ( )
(g~j welq)
g` cvb

dvi ( )
(bZzb welq)
PZbvbvkK
gv`K

BjvZ ( )
(ivqi KviY)
gv`KZv

Kzg ( )
(ivq)
wblavv

Avmji GKwU kZ njv KziAvb Ges mybvn Avmji Drm| AbK

weklB BRgvK Avmji wfw gb Kib bv| AwaKvski gZ GKwU
wKqvm Ab GKwU wKqvmi Avmj wnme eeZ nZ cvi bv| Ze
gvwjKx AvBbwe` Beb ik` gb Kib GKwU wKqvm Ab AviKwU
wKqvmi Avmj wnme eeZ nZ cvi| AvaywbK AvBbwe` Avey hvniv
Ges gvnv` Avj hviKv G gZ mg_b Kib| A msLKi gZI mwVK
nZ cvi hZY ch bv GUv KziAvb I mybvni bvm-Gi mv_ mvsNwlK
bv nq|
Kzgi kZmg~n:
1. GwU AekB AvBbMZ ivq nZ ne (AvwK`vMZ wKqvm
Kvbv ivq w`Z cvi bv)|
2. gvbexq eywi AvjvK evaMg nZ ne|
3. Kzg KLbvB ewZgx cwiwwZi mxgve _vKe bv
(Gic GwU wKqvmi wfw nZ cvi bv)|
hLvb Text-Gi wewaweavb AvQ mLvb wKqvm bB| wKqvm gvAvj
ZvwiK (wUc~Y wKqvm) Abygv`bhvM bq|
BjvZK AekB wbgv kZ c~iY KiZ ne:
1. gybvwme (
) gyRZvwn``i gZ h_v_ nZ ne|
2. gybRvwe` () Gi AcwieZbxq Y _vKZ ne|
3. Rvwni () GwU AekB cZxqgvb nZ ne|
AwaKvski gZ BjvZ AekB bZzb nvihvM (

18

AwaKvski viv wKqvm ^xKwZ cqQ hvi ga PviwU mywb gvRnvemn

hvBw` wkqviv AvQ| KziAvbi 59:2 bs AvqvZ wKqvmi ^c cgvY
AvQ Ges BwZ AvQ 2:79 I 4:105 bs AvqvZ| mybvnI wKqvmK
mg_b Ki| mybvnZ BRwZnv`i K_v ejv AvQ Avi wKqvm BRwZnv`i
GKwU DjLhvM cwZ|
AbK Rvwnix `vkwbK Mvx wKqvmi wei gZvgZ cKvk KiQb|
Zviv ejb h, KziAvb wKqvmi wei (KziAvb, 52:2 Avgiv KziAvb
Kvbv wKQzB Aenjv Kwi wb)| Zviv Aviv ejb wKqvmi wfw njv
BjvZ Ges BjvZi wfw njv Abygvb| Zviv KziAvbi 49:1 bs AvqvZ
DjL Ki ejb KziAvb wKqvmi wei| G meB Lye `yej hyw Ges
Dvni AwaKvskB Zv`i gZ MnY Ki wb| AwaKvsk gb Kib `y`i
wKqvm cqvMhvM| nvbvdxiv gb Kib wKqvm ZvwRi-Gi
cqvMhvM, `y`i bq| nvbvdx gZ G AwaK mZK|
AwaKvski gZ njv bvm (Text) hLvb AvQ wKqvm mLvb AwZwi|
wKQz Ijvgv gb Kib h, wKqvm hw` Kvbv kwkvjx cgvY viv mnvqZv
cvq Ze Zv GKK nvw`mi Pq cvavb cZ cvi| Ze fwelZ
gvmjvnv BRwZnv`i AwaK iZcY~ ic ne|

Bmjvgx kwiqvn c~eeZx cZvw` AvBb

Bmjvg wekvm Ki mvi c` agM Avjvn KZK c` (42:13)|
KziAvb ^xKwZ `q h ZvIivZ c_wb`kbvi Drm wQj (5:44)| wK ck
nQ KziAvb bvwRj nevi ci c~eeZx Gme wKZveK AvBbi Drm ejZ
wK evSvq? mvaviY fvl njv KziAvbi c~e hmKj AvBb cPwjZ wQj
Zv Avi eZgvb gymwjg`i chvR bq (wbg DwjwLZ ewZg
eZxZ)|
Bmjvgi AvnKvg ^qsm~Y| kwiqvni AvBb KziAvb I mybvn eZxZ
Ab Kv_vI LuvRvi cqvRb bB, KviY Ab agi AvBb gymwjg`i
Rb gvbv evaZvg~jK bq|
KziAvb wZbfve c~eeZx kwiqvni DjL Ki:
1. KziAvb c~eeZx kwiqvni DjL KiZ cvi Ges DjwLZ welqwUK
gymwjg`i evaZvg~jK Ki w`Z cvi| D`vniY^ic ejv hvq, c~eeZx
RvwZmg~ni Rb ivRvi wb`k wQj Ges gymwjg`i Rb Zv wb`k Kiv
nqQ (2:183)| c~eeZx kwiqvni Gic weavb eZgvb kwiqvniI Ask|
2. KziAvb (ev mybvn) c~eeZx kwiqvni Kvbv weavbi DjL Ki Zv i`
Ki w`qQ| D`vniY^ic ejv hvq Lv` welqK KwZcq wblavv
Bw` mc`vqi cwZ wQj hv KziAvbi gvag gymwjg`i Rb cZvnvi
Kiv nqQ (6:146)| gymwjgiv G welq c~eeZx kwiqvni AvBb AbymiY
KiZ cvi bv|
3. c~eeZx kwiqvni Kvbv GKwU AvBb envj AvQ wKsev iwnZ nqQ
Gi DjL bv KiB KziAvb c~eeZx kwiqvni Kvbv AvBbi DjL KiZ
cvi (5:45, 5:48)| AwaKvsk Ijvgv GmKj weavbK eZgvb
kwiqvniI Ask ej gb Kib Ges Zv AbymiYxq ej gb Kib|
msLvjNy gZ c~eeZx gZi wecixZ| W. nvwkg Kvgvwji gZ
msLvMwii gZ G h_v_|

19

nqwb| Bgvg Mvvwj Ges Avwgw` G gZK AMvwaKvi w`qQb|

ZZxq gZi aviK Bgvg Avey nvwbdv (iv.) ^qs| Zvi ee njv
wKqvmi mv_ hw` Kvbv mvnvwei gZvgZ AbK `Lv `q, Ze
mvnvwei gZB cvgvY ne, wK hw` gZK `Lv `q Ze bq|
Dm~j mvwnZ DcivwjwLZ gZqi evBiI Aviv KwZcq gZvgZ `Lv
hvq| G _K Dcmsnvi Uvbv hZ cvi h, mvnvwe`i gZvgZ
c_wb`kbvi Drm| mZKZvi mv_ Gme dZvqvi `vlY weePbvi `vwe
ivL hw`I cwivi BRgv eZxZ GmKj dZvqv gb Pjv evaZvg~jK
bq|

mvnvwe`i dZvqv
kwiqvn msv welq mvnvwe`i dZvqv LyeB iZcY~ Ges mevP
weePbvi `vwe ivL| KviY njv mvnvweiv ivm~j (m.)-Gi AwZ wbKUeZx
wQjb Ges Zv`i vb mivmwi ivm~j (m.) _K MnxZ nqwQj| Ze
mvnvwe ejZ Kv`i evSvbv ne Zv wbq gZvbK AvQ| AwaKvski
gZ wekvmx hvivB ivm~j (m.)-Gi mv_ mvvr KiQb Zviv mKjB
mvnvwei ghv`vfz| msLvjwNi gZ Kvbv ewK mvnvwei ghv`v
cZ nj mynevZ (
msmMi avivevwnKZv) GKwU cqvRbxq
Dcv`vb| `yUv gZiB hwKZv AvQ Ges KvbvwUKB AMvn Kivi
Dcvq bB| Kvbv ew mvnvwe wKbv Zv cwZv cZ cvi Ab Kvbv
mvnvwei mZvqb ev mv`vbi gvag ev wbR KZK `vwei gvag
(G mB ewwUK mZev`x nZ ne)|
mvnvwe`i dZvqv ejZ Zv`i gZvgZK evSvq hv Kvbv mvnvwe
BRwZnv`i gvag DcbxZ nqQb| mvnvwe`i dZvqv cieZx
eskai`i Rb cvgvY| G welq wZbwU gZvgZ AvQ|
c_g gZ njv GwU Aekvex cgvY| G gZcxiv KziAvbi 3:110 I
9:100 bs AvqvZqK Ges Avgvi Abymvixiv ZviKvi gZv I Avgvi
mvnvwe`iK mvb Ki nvw`mqK DjL Kib| G gZi Abymvix
njb Bgvg gvwjK| Bgvg kvwdC Ges Avng` web nv^jKI G gZi
^c DjL Kiv nq| G gZi weivax hviv Zviv ejZ Pvb GmKj Dw
viv mvnvwe`i ghv`vi DjL Kiv nqQ| mvnvwe`i Av`k gvbv
evaZvg~jK Zvi ^c GmKj cgvY KvZC chvqfz mv bq|
wZxq gZ njv, mvnvwe`i BRwZnv` kwiqvni Kvbv cgvY bq Ges
cieZx eskai`i Rb Zvi AbymiY evaZvg~jK bq| nvbvdx AvBbwe`
Aveyj nvmvb Avj KviwL, Bgvg Avng` (Zvi GK gZvbymvi), Avkvwi Ges
gyZvwRjv wekliv G gZ aviY Kib| G gZcxiv hyw `b h h
AvqvZ viv BRwZnv`K evaZvg~jK Kiv nqQ Zv hvM mKji Rb
chvR| GLvb mvnvwe wK mvnvwe bq Zvi ga cv_K wbicY Kiv

20

nvbvdx AvBbwe` Aveyj nvmvb Avj KviwL BmwZnmvbK msvwqZ

KiQb AwaKZi hywmsMZ KviY GKwU cwZwZ bwRi _K wfb ivq
vbvii bxwZ wnme| gvwjKx AvBbwe`iv BmwZnmvb Acv
BmwZmjvni evcvi AwaKZi AvMnx| Zv`i gZ BmwZnmvb Kgewk
BmwZmjvni Abyic ev BmwZmjvni GKwU Ask|
KziAvb I mybvnZ BmwZnmvbi mg_b Kvbv KvZC cgvY bB| Ze
KziAvbi 34:18 Ges 39:55 bs AvqvZq BmwZnmvbi mg_b DjL
Kiv nq| GKBfve GKwU weLvZ nvw`m jv `viviv Iqv jv w`iviv wdj
Bmjvg (
Bmjvg Kvbv Amyweav AvivwcZ ev mn Kiv
ne bv) BmwZnmvbi mg_b DjL Kiv nq| BmwZnmvb Nwbfve ivq
Ges wKqvmi mv_ mwKZ| wKqvm Ges BmwZnmvb ivq GKwU
iZcY~ Dcv`vb, BmwZnmvbi welqwU Aviv ewk chvR|
mvnvweiv mybvnK wemRb w`q ivq cqvMi mZK wQjb| Avnj
nvw`mcxiv ivq c`vb _K weiZ _vKb| Abw`K AwaKvsk dzKvnv
AvBbi ^vaxbfve ivq-Gi cqvM NUvZb Ges Zviv Avnjyi ivq
(
ej cwiwPZ|
AbKB gb Kib h, BmwZnmvb g~jZ wKqvm Lvwd (
)| Zviv
gb Kib h, BmwZnmvb njv wKqvm Rvwj (
) _K wKqvm
LvwdZ (
) cuQv| AviK aibi BmwZnmvb AvQ hLvb KwZcq
bvm, MnxZ c_v, `viivn (Doctrine of necessity cqvRbxqZv) A_ev
gvmjvnv (
Rb^v_) BZvw`i wfwZ mvg (Equity) Ges
bvqwePvii ^v_ ewZgKB mvaviY weavb wnme ai bqv nq|
Avj kvwdC KziAvbi 4:59 Ges 75:36 bs AvqvZqi wfwZ
BmwZnmvbi mgvjvPbv KiQb| wK G AvqvZq BmwZnmvbi
evcvi mywbw` bq| Avj Mvvwj BmwZnmvbi mgvjvPbv KiQb|
wK wZwb DjL Kib h kvwdC gvRnve KziAvb I mybvni wfwZ
BmwZnmvbK ^xKwZ `qv nqQ| Avj Avwgw` (GKRb kvwdC
AvBbwe`) DjL Kib h, kvwdC BmwZnmvbi Avkq wbqwQjb|
AvaywbK AvBbwe`iv DjL Kib h BmwZnmvbi AvewkKZv A^xKvi
Kivi Dcvq bB|

BmwZnmvb
BmwZnmvb (AvBbMZ AMvwaKvi):
kvwK A_ BmwZnmvb (
) njv Kvbv wKQzK AMvwaKvi `qv|
AvBbMZ A_ BmwZnmvb njv AvBbi kvwK cqvM _K DfZ
KVviZv Ges A^QZv cwinvi Kivi cwZ| aviYvMZ w`K _K
BmwZnmvb cwgv AvBb eeZ mvg (Equity) ki KvQvKvwQ| cwgv
AvBb mvg kwU cvKwZK AvBbi Dci wfw Ki Mo DVQ, wK
BmwZnmvb Mo DVQ Iwni g~j myii Dci wfw Ki|
BmwZnmvb kwiqvn nZ ^vaxb bq eis kwiqvniB GKwU AweQ` Ask|
mgvRi cwieZbkxj cqvRbxqZvi Pvwn`v gUvbvi Rb BmwZnmvb
AvBbi GKwU Acwinvh Ask| nvbvdx, gvwjKx Ges nv^jx gvRnvei
AvBbwe` KZK BmwZnmvb ^xKwZ cqQ| Avevi kvwdC, wkqv Ges
Rvwnix gvRnvei AvBbwe` KZK BmwZnmvb ^xKwZ cvqwb| hvnvK,
eveZv njv AwaKvsk Ijvgv KZK BmwZnmvb ^xKZ|
BmwZnmvbi D`vniY w`Z wMq nRiZ Igi (iv.) KZK `ywfi mgq
Pzwii Aciva `ya AvBb `wZi nvZ KvUvi kvw wMZ Kivi D`vniY
Dcvcb Kiv nq| GLvb GKwU ewZgx cwiwwZZ Bmjvgi GKwU
wbw` AvBbK ewZgx c`c wnme wMZ Kiv nq| GKRb AbZg
AvBbwe` Avj mvivLwm (
) BmwZnmvbK MY Kib Ggb GKwU
cwZ wnme hvi gvag KziAvbi mv_ msMwZ iL AvBbx KzgK
mnR Kiv nq (2:185)| W. nvwkg Kvgvwj DjL KiQb mvnvwe Ges
ZvewqMY aygv AvwiK AbymiYKvix wQjb bv| cvqB Zv`i c` ivq
kwiqvni g~j BQv Ges Dki AvjvK c`vb KiQb Zviv| W. nvwkg
Kvgvwj BmwZnmvbi GKwU bZzb D`vniY w`qQb| Bmjvgx AvBb
Kej gwLK mv cgvY wnme weewPZ nq| wK eZgvb wKQz
AvjvKwP, iKWKZ
k Ges MelYvMvi KZ weklY AwaKZi
wekvmhvM cgvY wnme eeZ nZ cvi| G BmwZnmvb cwZi
gvag Avgiv mv MnYi gwLK mvi Pq AvaywbK cwZK
AwaKZi cvavb w`Z cvwi|

21

mKj Lvjvdvq ivkw`b gvmjvnvi Dci Avgj KiwQjb| nRiZ

AveyeKi (iv.) KziAvbK msKjb Kib| nRiZ Igi (iv.) miKvwi
Awdm Aceenvi Kivi Rb miKvwi KgKZv`i `vqx Kib| nRiZ
Dmgvb (iv.) KziAvb kwidi mwVK bKj eb Kib Ges wfbZv mb
cvVi bKj cywoq djb| nRiZ Avjx (iv.) KvwiMi Ges eemvqx`i
wRvq _vKv `e nvwiq Mj Zv`iKB Zvi Rb `vqx Kib|
AwaKvsk Avjg KZK gvmjvnvi (
) cvej^b Kiv nq| hvnvK,
gvmjvnvi c mePq k mg_b c`vb KiQb Bgvg gvwjK| Bgvg
kvwZwe Ges Abvb Aviv KwZcq Ijvgvi gZ gvmjvnv wZb cKvi|
h_v:
1. cqvRbxq (
`iwiqvZ);
2. myweav`vqK ( nvwRqvZ);
3. m`h`vqK (
ZvnwmwbqvZ)|
gvmjvnvK wbgic wZbfvMI fvM Kiv nqQ| h_v:
K. gvmjvnv gyZveviv (wbfihvM gvmjvnv): GB gvmjvnv kwiqZi mKj
MnY Kiv nqQ| D`vniY ^ic ejv hvq h, gvwjKvbv ivi Rb
PviK kvw `qv|
L. gvmjvnv gyimvjvn: GB aibi gvmjvnvK kwiqZ me MnYI
Kiwb ev me cwiZvMI Kiwb| Gi D`vniY nQ gymwjg
`kmg~n cewZZ Hme `wjjv`x hv weevn A_ev mwi gvwjKvbv
cgvYi Rb Zwi Kiv nq _vK|
M. gvmjvnv gyjMvn: GB aibi gvmjvnv me cwiZvM Kiv nqQ|
gvmjvnvK eaZv `qvi Rb wbgv kZmg~n c~iY KiZ ne:
1. gvmjvnv AekB AKwg nZ ne|
2. gvmjvnv AekB mveRbxb nZ ne (
Kzwjqvn)|
3. gvmjvnv AekB bvm-Gi (Text) mv_ mvsNwlK ne bv|
Avj Zzwd Zvi eB gvmvwjn Avj gyimvjvn-Z DjL KiQb h,
Bev`Zi eZxZ A_ev kwiqvni mywbw` Kzg Qvov gvmvwjn (
gvmjvnvi eePb) Abvb cgvYi Pq AMvwaKvi cve|
wKqvm, BmwZnmvb, BmwZmjvn BZvw`i ga AvtmK eYbv KiZ
hq DjL Kiv hZ cvi h, wKqvm Ges BmwZnmvb AvewkKfve
bymy mi (Text) BjvZi Dci wbfikxj| bymymi BjvZi Dci wfw Ki

gvmjvnv gyimvjvn
gvmjvnv gyimvjvn (
):
kvwK A_ gvmjvnv (
) A_ DcKvi ev jvf| hLb kwU gvmjvnv
gyimvjvn (
) wnme weklvwqZ nq ZLb Gi A_ `uvovq AevwiZ
Rb^v_| gvmjvnv gyimvjvn BmwZmjvni cwZk Ges GwU gvmjvnv
gyZjvKv wnmeI eeZ nq| Bgvg Mvvwj (iv.) gb Kib gvmjvnv
cuvPwU welqK aviY Ki hv msiY Ki Rxeb, ag, eywew, esk I
mw Ges G Dcv`vbjv DcKviK msiY Ki Ges nvivgK
cwZiva Ki|
gvmjvnvi wfwZ Zvewqbiv gy`v cYqb, RjLvbv vcb Ges LvivR
(LvRbv) Avivc Kivi wmv MnY Kib| Dm~jwe`MY BmwZmjvni
evcvi HKgZ nqQb h Bev`Zi welq Ges kwiqvni Kvbv mywbw`
Kzgi , hgb DivwaKvi AvBb, BmwZmjvni cqvM bB|
AwaKvsk Ijvgv gb Kib BmwZmjvn AvBb cYqbi GKwU h_v_
cwZ| Avj kvwZwe `Lvb h GwU m~iv Avj Avw^qvi 107 bs AvqvZi
Dk mvab Ki hLvb ejv nqQ Avgiv ZvgvK RMZevmxi
ingZ ^ic ciY KiwQ| gvmjvnvi mg_b KziAvbi 5:6 AvqvZi
DjL Kiv hvq| AvjgMY gvmjvnvi mg_b wbgv nvw`mmg~n DjL
Kib:
1. Bmjvg Kvbv Amyweav AvivwcZ ne bv ev mn Kiv ne bv|
2. `yUv weKi ga ivm~j (m.) mnRwUK MnY Kib hZY bv GwU
cvci KviY nq|
3. AvjvnZvqvjv Zvi `qv KVvi wewa cvjbi bvq myweavRbK wewaI
gvbyl DcfvM KiQ GwU `LZ fvjvevmb|
Dciv DwZmg~n GwU wbwZ Ki h, AvnKvg Kvqg Kivi bvg
Kvbv AcqvRbxq KVviZvi Abygv`b bB Ges gymwjg`i DwPZ
kwiqvn c` bgbxqZv Ges myweav MnY Kiv|

22

wKqvm I BmwZnmvb viv AvBbi mcmviY NU| wK hLb DwjwLZ

cKvi AvBb Zwi me nq bv ZLb gvmjvnvi wfwZ ev Rb^v_ AvBb
Zwi KiZ nq| GK`j wekl G cwZZ AvBb Zwii Zxe weivax|
wK G gZfz Ijvgviv msLvjwN Ges Zv`i hywI Zgb Rvivjv
bq| W. nvwkg Kvgvwji gZ cwieZbkxj weki bZzb cwiwwZK
gvKvwejv Kivi Rb Bmjvgx AvBbwe``i Rb gvmjvnv nQ cavb
cwZ|

Did Ges BmwZmnve

Did ( c_v):
Dm~j mvwnZ DidK msvwqZ Kiv nqQ cybtmsNUbkxj Abykxjb
wnme hv RbmvaviYi wbKU cKw ZMZ w`K _K Dg ej ^xKZ|
Did Ges GUv _K AvnwiZ gvid (
) `yUv kB KziAvb kwid
g~jZ fvjv (g`i wecixZ) Ges Avjvni weavbi AvbyMZ A_I
eeZ nqQ (3:110, 7:199)| Ze KziAvbi KwZcq vb Did
kwU c_v wnme eeZ nqQ (2:233 mvb cwZcvjbv_)|
kwiqvn ZvB bxwZMZfve c_vK nvjvj Ges nvivg wbaviYi Rb eaZv
w`qQ| wdKvnwe`iv DidK kwiqvni AvnKvg wbaviYi RbI MnY
KiQb| wdKvn HmKj weavb hv AvBbwe``i gZvgZ ev BRwZnv`i
Dci wfw Ki Mo DVQ| `Lv MQ AbK weavb MwVZ nqQ cPwjZ
c_vi AvjvK| ZvB mgqi cwZ hw` c_vjv cwiewZZ nq Ze
D c_vi AvjvK MwVZ weavbjvi cwieZb Kivi AbygwZ kwiqvnZ
AvQ|
KwZcq dzKvnv ( ) (Bgvg myqwy Z Ges mvivLwm) GKwU bxwZi DjL
KiQb weePbvi Rb| mwU njv c_vi gvag hv cgvwYZ Zv
kwiqZi gvag cgvwYZi m`k| G weavbwU Zzii LjvdZ Avj
gvRvjvni AvBb M cYqbi mgq MnxZ nqwQj| Ze GB weavbwU
gymwjg `kmg~ni c_vi cqvMhvM Ges hw` c_vwU kwiqvni
Abvb weavb Ges mvievi mv_ mvsNwlK bv nq| Agymwjg mgvRi c_v
AZ mZKZvi mv_ wbixY KiZ ne|
ivm~j (m.)-Gi Rxekvq Aviexq mgvR cPwjZ c_v Ges hmKj c_v
ivm~j (m.) KZK evwZj nqwb mmKj c_vK ivm~ji (m.) bxie ^xKwZ
wnme ai wbZ ne Ges GmKj c_vK mybvn ZvKwiwiqvn wnme
weePbv KiZ ne| w`qvZ (ig~j) cwikva njv Gic GKwU
D`vniY| G gZ ewi cwieviK nZvKvix ewi AvwKjviv (cyil
AvZxq) wZc~iYi A_ c`vb KiZ eva| bvixiv eva bq, Ze BQv

23

Kij c`vb KiZ cvi|

Didi wbgv kZmg~n chvR:
1. GUv AekB mveRbxb Ges cybtmsNUbkxj nZ ne|
2. KvRKvievi msNUbi mgq Did AekB AbykxwjZ nZ ne, A_vr
AZxZi c_vi Kvbv wfw bB|
3. Did AekB KziAvb Ges mybvni bvm-Gi jNb Kie bv|
Did Ges BRgvi ga cv_K AvQ| Did AvewkKfve vbxq ev `kR
Abykxjb| Abw`K BRgv njv vb Ges `k wbwekl Ijvgv`i gvS
HKgZ| Dfqi gvS Aviv cv_K AvQ Ze mjv Zgb
DjLhvM bq| DidK KvDwj ( gwLK) Ges wdqwj (
AvPwiZ) GB `yB fvM fvM Kiv hvq| KvDwj Did RbMYi gvS gwLK
gZKi mg^q MwVZ| dj cPwjZ A_ g~L vb `Lj Ki Ges
kvwK A_ MY vb Pj hvq| wdqwj Did cybtmsNUbkxj Abykxjb hv
RbMY KZK ^xKZ, Zvi mg^q MwVZ nq|
Did KvDwj (
) Ges Did wdqwj (
) `yUvB Avevi Aviv
`yUv DcfvM wef:
1. Avj Did Avj Avg (
): mKj vbi RbMY KZK Abykxjb|
2. Avj Did Avj Lvm (
): Kvbv wbw` vb, GjvKv ev `k
cPwjZ Abykxjb|
DidK Aviv `yBfvM kwYe Kiv hvq| h_v:
1. Didz mvwnn (
) KziAvb I mybvni AvjvK mvwnn|
2. Did Avj dvwm` (
) KziAvb I mybvni AvjvK ea bq|
W. Rvgvj Avj ev`vwe DidK wZb kwYZ fvM KiQb| h_v: BwZevPK,
wbic Ges bwZevPK| BwZevPK Didi D`vniY njv gnvbyfeZv
A_ev AvwZ_qZv| wbic Didi D`vniY njv Ggb c_v hv Bmjvgx
AvBb I wkvi weivax bq| W. Rvgvj ev`vwe DjL KiQb h Kvbv
vbxq c_v hw` bwZevPK nq Ze Zv cwinvi Kiv evbxq|
Bmjvgx AvBbi Drm wnme Did Lye kKvZi welq| G
Avgv`i DwPZ AwaKvsk eqvR Bmjvgx wekli gZvgZi Dci
wbfi Kiv| KziAvbi 7:199 Ges 22:78 bs AvqvZqi wfwZ Didi
bvhZv ai bqv nq| Ze Gme AvqvZ G KvZC bq| KwZcq
nvw`mI Didi mg_b DjL Kiv nq Ze Gme nvw`mI Didi mg_b

cgvY bq| Did wbRI Gi AwaKvii evcvi ^vaxb cgvY bq|

hvnvK, Did Bmjvgx AvBbi evLv Ges cqvMi mnvqZvKvix
fwgKv cvjb Ki| AviKwU welqi DjL Kiv cqvRb h, AvaywbK
Kvj wewae AvBbi msKjb wKQzUv njI Didi cqvRbxqZv Kwgq
w`qQ|
Avgiv hgbwU c~e DjL KiwQ Didi Dci wfw Ki Mo IVv AvBb
cwieZbhvM| Dm~ji cvVeBq Gi mg_b cgvY cvIqv hve|
fwelZI hLb cqvRb `Lv `e Did Ges BRwZnv`i wfwZ MwVZ
AvBbi cwieZb ne|
Dcmsnvi ejv hvq, Bmjvgx AvBbi Drm wnme Didi cqvRbxqZv
Avi ewkw`b _vKe bv| hvnvK, Did gvS gvS Bmjvgx AvBbK
eySZ, evLv KiZ Ges cqvM KiZ mnvqZv Kie| G Lye mZK
c`c bqv `iKvi|
BmwZmnve (
):
kvwK A_ BmwZmnvei A_ njv mvnPh| wK Dm~j Avj wdKnZ
BmwZmnve Kvbv NUbvi AwZi Ges AbwZi Abygvb wnme eeZ
nq| Abvb cgvYi AbycwwZZ GwU cgvY wnme eeZ nZ cvi|
meRb KZK bv njI AbK wekl viv BmwZmnve eaZv cqQ|
BwZevPK A_ BmwZmnve njv Kvbv NUbvi (weevn wKsev DivwaKvi
nvi) avivevwnKZvi Abygvb Kiv, hw` bv wecixZ wKQz cgvwYZ nq|
hvnvK, avivevwnKZvi Abygvb cgvwYZ bvI nZ cvi hw` Pzw Yvqx
cKw Zi nq (BRviv)| BmwZmnve Aek bwZevPK NUbvi avivevwnKZvI
Abygvb Ki|
hnZz BmwZmnvei wfw Abygvbwbfi, ZvB BmwZmnve kwiqvni AvBb
cYqbi Kvbv kwkvjx wfw bq| dj BmwZmnvei mv_ Abvb
cgvYi weiva `Lv w`j Abvb cgvY cvavb cve| BmwZmnve Pvi
cKvii:
1. BmwZmnve Avj Av`g Avj Avmwj (
AbycwwZi
Abygvb) hvi A_ GKwU NUbv ev weavb hvi AwZ AZxZ wQj bv mUvi
AbycwwZUvB ai bqv ne|
2. BmwZmnve Avj IRy` Avj Avmwj (
DcwwZi
Abygvb) hvi A_ Kvbv NUbvi DcwwZ ai wbZ ne hv AvBb ev hyw
viv wbavwiZ ev cgvwYZ| D`vniY^ic ejv hvq, GKRb ^vgx ea

24

weevni cgvYi KviY gvni w`Z eva|

3. BmwZmnve Avj Kzg (
) hv AvBbi weavbi Ges g~j bxwZi
avivevwnKZvi Abygvb Ki| D`vniY^ic ejv hvq, hLb Kvbv AvBbi
ivq `qv nq ZLb ai bqv nq bZzb ivqwU c~ei avivevwnKZvi
AvjvKB nqQ| hLb Kvbv welq GKwU AvBb ejer _vK mUv
(Abygv`b ev wblavv h evcviB nvK) GUv ai bqv nq h AvBb
AevnZ iqQ|
4. BmwZmnve Avj Iqvmwd (
Y AevnZ _vKv) A_vr
Kvbv Y AevnZ iqQ ai bqv hZY bv wecixZwU cgvwYZ nq|
hgb h cvwbK we Rvbv AvQ, ZvK we gb KiZ ne hZY
bv wecixZwU cgvwYZ nq|
Dm~ji Ijvgv`i gvS BmwZmnvei c_g wZbwU aiY wbq gZK
AvQ, Ze PZz_ aiYwU wbq AvQ gZZZv| wKQz iZcY~ AvBbMZ
^ZtwmZv BmwZmnve `Lv hvq| hgb:
1. m`ni viv wbqZv Aemvb nq bv (Avj BqvwKby jv BDRvjy wej
kv)|
2. g~jMZfve gvbyl `vqgy (evivn Avj wRvn Avj Avmvwjqvn)|
AbZg AvBbwe` nvmvb Zvi iwPZ ZvRw`` Dm~j Avj wdKn Avj
Bmjvg M BmwZmnvei iZvejxi welq AvjvKcvZ Kib| Zvi
gZ BmwZmnvei cwiwai gvS cvKwZK wePvii (Natural Law) aviYv,
ea c_v Ges mgvRi Aviv wKQz welq AvZ Kivi KvhKi gZv
we`gvb|

mv Avj hvivB
hvwiqv (
) ki eePb hvivB hvi A_ gvag| mv A_ cwZeKZv
Zwi| Dm~j kv mv Avj hvivB Gi A_ `uvovq cvci gvagK
cwZnZKiY| mv Avj hvivB cvqB eeZ nq hLb Kvbv ea gvagi
viv Aea djvdji mvebv cKvk cvq|
`yg KvhKi nIqvi AvMB Zv cwZiva nIqv evbxq GB aviYvi Dci
wfw KiB mv Avj hvivBqi aviYv MwVZ nqQ| KziAvb mv Avj
hvivBqi D`vniY AvQ (2:104, 6:108)| gvag AekB ji
(kwiqvni Dk) mv_ mvgmkxj nZ ne Ges j AekB gvagi
Dci cvavb cve| gvag hw` kwiqvni Dk cwicx KvR Ki Ze
ZvK AekB cwZiva KiZ ne| kwiqvni cvV _K Gi Dk
wPwZ Kiv me|
AvBbwe`iv GKwU mvaviY bxwZ MnY KiQb Zv njv nvivgi
cwZeKZv DcKvi jvfi Dci cvavb cve| hw` Kvbv gvag
cvcK civwPZ Ki Ze Zv AekB cwiZvR| mv Avj hvivBqi
AbygwZ mybvnZI `Lv hvq| hgb nRiZ gynv` (m.) FY`vZvK
FYMnxZvi wbKU _K Dcnvi wbZ eviY KiQb (GUv my` MnYi w`K
civwPZ KiZ cvi)| GKBfve DZi ga msNl nZ cvi G
KviY wZwb gybvwdK`i nZv Kiv wbla Kib| Zgwbfve wZwb
m`ni ek h Kvbv nZv wbwl Kib|
Dci DwjwLZ ee mI Dm~ji AvjgMY mv Avj hvivBqi
evcvi GKgZ nZ cvibwb| KD KD GUvi ^xKwZ w`qQb Avevi
AbK ^xKwZ `bwb| hvnvK, Bgvg kvwZwei (i.) gZvgZ njv
AwaKvsk IjvgvB mv Avj hvivBK bxwZMZfve MnY KiQb| Avey
hvniviI gZvgZ GKB aibi|
Abvqi w`K civPbvi mvebvi Dci wfw Ki hvivBK PvifvM fvM
Kiv nqQ:
1. mmKj gvag hv wbwZfve cvci w`K civwPZ Ki| GiKg

25

gvag mvweKfve wbwl|

2. mmKj gvag hv AwaKvsk Abvqi w`K civwPZ Ki Ges
Lye Kg B DcKvi wbwZ Ki| Gi D`vniY njv hyKvjxb mgq
mgiv wew Ges g` ZwiKviKi wbKU Avyi wew Kiv| AwaKvsk
Ijvgv GmKj KvR Kiv wbla KiQb|
3. mmKj DcKiY hv cvci w`K civwPZ KiZ cvi, wK Gi Kvbv
wbqZv bB Ges cej mvebvI bB| G aibi gvag AeaKiYi
Ijvgv`i gvS evcK chvqi gZZZv AvQ|
4. mmKj gvag hv K`vwPr cvci c_ cwiPvwjZ Ki| Kvbv vb
Kc Lbb ev ^ikvmKi DcwwZZ mZK_b| IjvgvMY GmKj
gvagi c ivq w`qQb| Zviv GmKj KvRK ea ejQb|
mv Avj hvivB evcKfve eeZ nIqv DwPZ bq, weklZ Dci
DwjwLZ ZZxq kYxfzZv bqB| Gi evcK eenvi gyevnK (
AvBbmZ) Ges gvb`yeK (
mycvwikKZ) eAvBbx Kiv ne hv
MnYhvM nZ cvi bv|
Bebyj Avivwe Ges Avey hvniv mv Avj hvivB (
) eenvii
gacv Aej^bi ccvwZ| gvbyli Pigcv ceYZvi KviY mv Avj
hvivB eenvii dj Avjvn Ges Zvi ivm~j KZK c` ^vaxbZv niY
nZ cvi, hv KvbvfveB nZ `qv hZ cvi bv|

Kzg kviC
Kzg kviC (
): Kzg kviC njv AvBb `vZvi (AvjvncvK ^qs
Ges Avjvni c _K ivm~j (m.)) c GKwU `vwe hv gyKvjvdi (
hvi Dci AvBb cqvMhvM, GKRb my Ges eq ew) AvPiY
mwKZ, Zvi iZ wK chvqi Zv wK evaZvg~jK, cQ`bxq bv gyevn,
AcQ`bxq bv nvivg|
hw` `vwewU (Text) AvBb wewae Ki Ze Zv ne Kzg Avj ZvKwjwd
(
)| Avj Kzg ZvKwjd (
) KzgwU wewfb aibi nZ
cvi| h_v diR (
), IqvwRe ( ), gv`ye (
), gyevn ( ),
gvKin () Ges nvivg ( )| AwaKvski gZ diR ( ) Ges
IqvwRe ( ) cii cwZk| hw` AvBb `vZvi wbKU _K wKQz Kivi
Rb evaZvg~jK `vwe _vK ZLb ZvK IqvwRe ej| nvbvdx gvRnve
GwUK diR ejv nq| nvbvdx`i wbKU IqvwRe Ab GK aibi weavb
hvi cvV ev A_i Kvbv GKwU Rvwb chvqfz nq| Zviv Kvbv `vweK
ZLbB diR AvLvwqZ Ki hw` cvV Ges Gi A_ DfqB KvZC nq Avi
GK IqvwRe chvqfz Ki hw` cvV ev Gi A_i Kvbv GKwU Rvwb
chvqfz nq|
Dci DwjwLZ IqvwRe, hv nvbvdx`i wbKU diR Ggb cgvYi wfwZ
MwVZ Kvbv evaZvg~jK Av`ki A^xKvi Awekvmi chvq co|
evaZvg~jK welqmg~n wbgv chvq kwYfz Kiv hvq:
1. IqvwRe AvBb (
mKj gyKvjvdi Dci ewMZ
evaevaKZv) Ges IqvwRe wKdvqv (mwwjZ evaevaKZv, mgvRi
GKvski viv mvw`Z njB h_)|
2. IqvwRe gyIqvvZ (
mgqmxgv viv mxgve, hgb bvgvR Ges
ivRv) Ges IqvwRe gyZjvK (kZnxb IqvwRe hv KvbviKg mgq viv
mxgve bq hgb nR)|
3. IqvwRe gynvv` (
cwigvchvM IqvwRe, hgb RvKvZ Ges
bvgvR) Ges IqvwRe MvBi gynvv` (
AcwigvchvM IqvwRe,

26

hgb Mixe-`ytLxK `vb, xK gvnivbv c`vb)|

gv`ye (
mycvwikKZ): gv`ye Ggb aibi `vwe hv gyKvjvdi (
) Dci evaZvg~jK bq| gv`ye gvbj cyivi cvIqv hvq Ze cvjb e_
nj Kvbvic kvw AvivwcZ nq bv| IqvwRe Ges gv`yei ga GB
njv cv_K| gv`yei D`vniY njv IqvKd cwZv, Mixe-`ytLxi Rb
`vb-LqivZ BZvw`| gv`yeK mybvn, bdj Ges gyvnveI ejv nq|
mybvnK (
gv`ye) wbgv KqKwU fvM fvM Kiv nq:
1. mybvn Avj gyqvv`vn (
)-Gi D`vniY njv AvRvb, RvgvZ
bvgvR AskMnY|
2. mybvn MvBi Avj gyqvv`vn (
AwZwi mybvn)-Gi
D`vniY njv bdj bvgvR, evaZvg~jK bq Ggb `vb-LqivZ|
mybvn Avj gyqvv`vni (
) Aev wb`bxq Ze kvwhvM bq|
mybvn MvBi Avj gyqvv`vni (
) Aev wb`bxq wKsev
kvwhvM KvbvwUB bq| KziAvb gv`yei D`vniY `Lv hZ cvi
2:282 Ges 24:3 bs AvqvZ|
gvnRyi (
nvivg): gvnRyi njv AvBb`vZv KZK gyKvjvdi
(
) cwZ Kvbv wKQz evaZvg~jKfve bv Kivi `vwe| Kvbv wKQz
wbla Kivi Rb IqvwRei (Dm~ji AwaKvsk Ijvgv KZK evLvKZ)
mgchvqi cgvYi cqvRb| A_vr Zvi cvV (Text) Ges A_ KvZC nZ
ne|
nvivgi cvVMZ cgvY bvbvfve DcvwcZ nZ cvi| hgb:
GwU Avi nZ cvi iwigvZ AvjvBKzg (
) wbla Zvgv`i
cwZ (5:3)|
GwU GKwU bwZevPK k vivI (ZZ) nZ cvi| hgb jv ZvKZzjy
(
nZv Kiv bv), jv ZvKzjy (
Lqv bv Ges wbI bv
(2:188)| Kvbv wKQz cwinvi Kivi Av`km~PKI nZ cvi (5:90
g` I Ryqv cwinvi KiZ)|
welqwU Abygv`bhvM bq GfveI m~Pbv nZ cvi jv Bqvnjy jvKzg
(
4:19)|
Kvbv AvPiYi Rb kvw c`vbi NvlYv w`qI wblavv nZ cvi|
KziAvbi `y` msv AvqvZ Ges mmKj AvqvZ hLvb Rvnvbvgi
kvwi K_v ejv AvQ|

wblavvKI wbgvfve fvM Kiv hvq:

nvivg wj hvwZwn (
) hv Zvi wbRi KviY wbwl nqQ| hgb
g`, Ryqv|
nvivg wj MvBwiwn (
) hv evwnK KviY wbwl nqQ| hgb Ab
gvbyli mv_ weqi eaZv c`vbi Rb Kvbv gwnjvK weq Kiv|
gvKin ( ) njv gv`yei (
) wecixZ| GwU Kivi Pq bv Kiv
fvjv| gvKin KvR Kiv kvwhvM ev bwZK `vli welq bq|
AwaKvski GwUB gZvgZ| nvbvdxiv Aek gvKinK wbgv `yB fvM
fvM KiQ:
gvKin ZvbwRwn (
) Ges gvKin Zvnwiwg (
)| nvbvdx`i
gZ gvKin Zvnwiwg bwZK `vli KviY, hw`I Zv kvwhvM bq|
gyevn ( nvjvj ev Rvqh) AvBb`vZvi GKwU evZv hv gyKvjvdK
myhvM `q (2:173, 2:235, 5:6)| Dm~ji IjvgvMY gyevnK Kzg
kviCi Af
y KiQb hw`I Zv mv`bi Rb Kvbv evaevaKZv
bB|
Avj Kzg Avj Iqvw`:
h weavb viv evav, kZ BZvw` Avivc Kiv nq| GLvb Kvbv AvBbK
wbw`KiY KiZ hq Kvbv wKQzK KviY, Kvbv wKQzK kZ ev evav
wnme DjL Kiv nq| G RvZxq nvw`mi D`vniY njv hLvb ejv
nqQ `yRb mvx eZxZ Kvbv weevn ne bv G ea weevni
Rb `yRb mvxK kZ wnme Dcvcb Kiv nqQ| D`vniY wnme
AviKwU nvw`mi DjL Kiv hZ cvi hLvb ejv nqQ
DivwaKvix`i Rb Kvbv IwQqZ (will) KvhKi bq| GLvb
Iqvwik`i evav Avivc Kiv nqQ| Kzg Avj Iqvw` ev
NvlYvKZ AvBbK cuvP fvM fvM Kiv hvq:
1. KviY,
2. kZ,
3. AvwRgvn ( ),
4. iLmvn ( ), Ges
5. gvwb (cwZeKZv)|
AvwRgvn njv Ggb aibi AvBb hLvb AvBb cYZvi BQv njv Kvbv
KviYekZ KvbviKg bgbxqZv c`kb QvovB AvBbwU KvhKi Kiv

27

(mvaviY cwiwwZZ mKj cKvii Bev`Z)|

iLmvn njv mgmvRwbZ KviY AvBbwUi ewZg (gYRwbZ KviY
ivRv fi AbygwZ)| iLmvn wZbwU KviY NUZ cvi| h_v:
1. cqvRbxqZvi cwZ Kvbv wbwl KvRi AbygwZ|
2. IqvwRe cwZcvjb Ki KviY nj IqvwRei iwnZKiY (gYi
mgq gYKvix`i bvgvRi mswKiY Ges ivRvi wMZKiY)|
3. h Pzw mvaviYfve ea bq ZvK eaZv c`vbi | hgb
AwMg wew (evBq mvjvg) Ges Drcvw`Z nqwb Ggb Drcv`bRvZ cYi
Rb q Av`k (BmwZmbvn)|
Gi evBiI kwiqvni AvBbi Aviv wefvRb AvQ| hgb
1. mwnn (
ea)|
2. dvwm` (
AwbqwgZ)|
3. evwZj (
evwZj)|
Dciv kwY wefvRb nqQ Acwinvh cqvRbxqZvi (AviKvb
)
Ges AvnKvgi (kZi
) Dci wfw Ki| hLb AviKvb I AvnKvg
c~iY nq ZLb m KvRK ea ev mwnn ej| GwU c~iY bv nj KvRwU
evwZj ej weewPZ nq|
Ijvgviv G evcvi HKgZ cvlY KiQb h, Bev`Z aygv mwnn
(
) ev evwZj (
) chvqfz ne| jb`bi welqwUI Abyic
ej AwaKvsk Ijvgvi AwfgZ| Ze nvbvdxiv G `yqi gaeZx GKwU
AevK ea ej weePbv Kib hv dvwm` ej AwfwnZ| G kZ
cvjb wKQz NvUwZ _vK| cieZxZ NvUwZ hw` c~iY Kiv nq Ze dvwm`
KvhwU mwnn ej weewPZ ne|
Kzg kviC-Gi njv wZbwU| h_v:
1. AvBb`vZv ( nvwKg)|
2. welqe (
gvnKzg wdn)|
3. gvnKzg AvjvBn (
hvi Dci AvBbwU KvhKi)|
Bmjvg mKj AvBbi Drm kl ch AvjvnZvqvjv (5:45, 6:57)|
gvnKzg wdn mmKj KvRK wb`k Ki hv gyKvjvdi (
) Dci
IqvwRe, gv`ye ev gyevn wnme KiYxq| gvnKzg AvjvBn (
)
kwiqvn KZK AvivwcZ AwaKvi Ges wewawbla hv`i Dci chvR|

GKRb ew hLb wbw` chvqi eywewK cwicZv Ges mgZv ARb

Ki ZLb m KvhKi AvBbx hvMZv ARb Ki| KvhKi AvBbx hvMZv
wki eqmi KviY Ges gygl~ y ewi Rb AvswkK chvq _vK|
Kzg kviCK Aviv `yB fvM fvM Kiv me| h_v:
1. nvzjvn (
)|
2. nvzj Bev` (
)|
Bev`Z, `y`, DKzevn (kvw), Kvddviv ( ), wRnv` ( ) BZvw`
Avjvni AwaKvifz|
nvzj Bev` njv ev`v Z_v Avjvni mwi AwaKvi| hvi msiY Acwinvh
KZe wnme weewPZ| hgb Kviv MwQZ m` (AvgvbZ) msiY I
h_vwbqg gvwjKK mgcY| wLqvbZ ev Abi AwaKvi nc Kiv
gnvcvc| hgb Kviv A_-m` ev Ab Kvbv AwaKvi zY Kiv,
IqvwikK Zvi cvIbv bv `qv BZvw`| RvwZ, ag, eY, Mv wbwekl h
Kvbv gvbyli B GwU chvR ne| GgbwK Abvb cvYxKji
I G weavb mgfve chvR| hgb cwieki wZ mvabc~eK
Abvqfve cvYxK~ji Lv`fve I Akvw mw Kiv|

28

GKwUK MnY KiZ ne| hw` G cwqvZI me bv nq Ze cgvY `ywUi

mgqKvj chvjvPbv Kieb Ges ZvZ evwZjKiYi bxwZ cqvM KiZ
ne| GZ cieZx cgvY AMvwaKvi cve| hw` G cwqvZI me bv nq
Ze Dfq cgvYB evwZj KiZ ne| hLb we`gvb cgvY `ywUi aib Avg
nq m GKRbi DwPZ weavbwUi cqvMi welqe wPwZ Kiv
(hgb GKwU eq`i KvhKi nZ cvi, AbwU KvhKi nZ cvi
Acveq`i A_ev GKwU KvhKi nZ cvi weevwnZ`i ,
AbwU KvhKi nZ cvi AweevwnZ`i )| GKwU mv hw` nq Avg
Ges AbwU hw` nq Lvm, Ze Gi mgvavb njv ZvLwmm Avj Avg (Avgi
wKq`ski wbw`KiY)|
cZxqgvb weivai KviY hLvb `yUv cgvY GKB mv_ KvhKi Kiv
me bq m wbgv wewa AbymiY Kiv hZ cvi|
1. cvV A cvVi Dci cvavb cve|
2. mvwin (
RwUjZvnxb) cvVK wKbvqvn (
`yeva) cvVi
Dci Ges nvwKwK (
kvwK) cvVK gvRvwR (
icK) cvVi
Dci AMvwaKvi `qv ne|
3. Beviv Avj bvmK (
) Bkviv Avj bvmi (
) Dci
AMvwaKvi `qv ne|
4. gyZvIqvwZi (
) nvw`m gvki (
) nvw`mi Dci Ges gvki
nvw`m Avnv` ( ) nvw`mi Dci AMvwaKvi cve|
5. dwKn ( ) ev wewk mvnvwe KZK ewYZ nvw`m Ab`i Dci cvavb
cve|
6. wblavv Abygv`bi Dci AMvwaKvi cve|
hw` KvbvfveB mg^qmvab ev GKwUK AbwUi Dci AMvwaKvi `qv
me bv nq Ze mv `ywUK evwZji c`c wbZ ne|
G kviC m~ njv
A_vr mg-ghv`vmb `ywU cgvY hLb ciiweivax ic cZxqgvb ne,
ZLb `ywUB evwZj ej MY ne| c~eeZx Aavq evwZjKiYi weavb
AvjvwPZ nqQ| weev`gvb `ywU wKqvmi gvS mg^q me bv nj
GKwUK AMvwaKvi `qv ne|

ZvAvi`
ZvAvi` (
):
ZvAvi` (
cgvYmg~ni ev weavbi gvS weiva): ZvAvi` gvb
weiva| Dm~j Avj wdKn ZvAvi` ejZ evSvq kwiqvni `yUv cgvY
GKB kwgvmb, Ze cgvY `yUv cii wecixZgyLx| `yUv cgvYi
kw hw` Amg nZv Ze Gic weivai De nZv bv, Kbbv m
AwaKZi kwkvjx cgvYwUK `yej cgvYi Dci cvavb `qv nZv| G
KviYB KvZC I Rvwb cgvYi gvS Kvbv weiva bB|
hw` wecixZ gZi c KziAvbi `yUv AvqvZ A_ev KziAvbi GKwU
AvqvZ Ges GKwU gyZvIqvwZi nvw`m A_ev `yUv Avnv` nvw`m mv
wnme _vK Ze weiva `Lv `q|
weiva aygv ZLbB `Lv `q, hw` `yUv cgvYi c` ivqi gvS
Kvbvic mg^q mvab Kiv bv hvq| A_vr GKwUi welqe _K AbwUi
welqei wfbZv hw` bv Kiv hvq, wKsev cgvY `yUvi mgqKvji wfbZv
wbicY bv Kiv hvq (A_vr GwU wbwZ Kiv hvq bv Kvb cgvYwU cii)|
KvZC mvi gvS Gic weiva K`vwPr NU| weivRgvb AwaKvsk
weivaB eve bq eis cZxqgvb| Gme evn weiva wbimbi cwZmg~n
njv:
1. mg^qmvaY,
2. wbw`KiY,
3. GKwUi Dci AbwUK AMvwaKvi c`vb|
bvm Avi BRgvi ga weiva AwPbxq Kbbv BRgv KLbv bvmK jNb
KiZ cvi bv|
GKRb gyRZvwn`i AekKiYxq njv cZxqgvb Gme weivai
mg^qmvab Kiv| hw` weev`gvb mv `ywU `yB cwiwwZi Rb chvR nq,
Ze mfve evLv Kiv `iKvi| hw` GUv me bv nq Ze gyRZvwn`K
weePbv KiZ ne Dfqi ga KvbwUK AMvwaKvi c`vb Kieb A_vr

29

`yUv LyeB DjLhvM| c_g nvw`mwU njv hLvb gyAvR web Rvevj
(iv.) ivm~j (m.)-Gi cwZDi ejQb hw` wZwb KziAvb ev nvw`m
mgmvi mgvavb Lyu R bv cvb, Ze BRwZnv`i vi neb Ges ivm~j
(m.) GZ mwZ w`jb (Avey `vD`)| wZxq nvw`m njv hLvb ivm~j
(m.) ejQb GKRb gyRZvwn` `yUv mIqve cveb hw` wZwb h_v_ nb,
Avi GKwU mIqve cveb hw` wZwb fzj Kib (Avey `vD`)|
BRwZnv`i Rb cqvRbxq hvMZvi welq KwZcq wekl DjL
KiQb| G welq KziAvb I nvw`m wKQzi DjL bB| cg kZvxZ
Aveyj mBb Avj emix c_gevii gZv gyRZvwn`i hvMZvi
gvcKvwVi welq AvjvKcvZ Kib Ges cieZxZ Mvvwj I Avwgw` Zv
MnY Kib| GUv wVK h BRwZnv`i Rb GKRb hvM wekli
cqvRb| BRwZnv`i Rb cqvRbxq hvMZv njv:
1. Aviwe fvlv mK fvjv vb|
2. KziAvb, nvw`m Ges GZ`mwKZ welq AekB vbx nZ ne|
3. c~eeZx gyRZvwn` KZK MnxZ BRwZnv` welq vbx nZ ne|
4. kwiqvni gvKvwm` mK vbx nZ ne|
5. gyRZvwn`K AekB mr cKw Zi Ges mej I `yej mvi gvS
cv_K Kivi hvM nZ ne|
GUv AekB cZxqgvb nq h, cqvRbxq hvMZvi gvcKvwV AZ
KVvi| wK eve welq Zv bq| GKRb GKwb Ges hvM ewi c
GKwU wbw` mgqi ga Gme hvMZv ARb Kiv me| AwaKvsk Ijvgv
G gZ cvlY Kib h hw` GKRb ew GKwU BRwZnv`i
hvMZv ARb Kib Ze wZwb mKj B BRwZnv`i AwaKvi ivLb|
BRwZnv`i aib Ggb h gyRZvwn` c_g KziAvb Ges mybvnZ mgvavb
LuR
y eb Ges mLvb hw` mgvavb bv cvb Ze wZwb BRwZnv`i iYvcb
neb|
AwaKvski gZvgZ njv BRwZnv` fzj nZ cvi| msLvjNy Ask gb
Kib Avjv`v ivqi cwZwUB Zv`i hvMZv Abyhvqx wVK|
gyRZvwn``i bvbvfve wefvRb Kiv me| Ze AbK gyRZvwn``i
evSvi gZvi Dci wfw Ki kwY wefvRb KiQb| gwjK kwY
wefvRb njv wbgic:
1. DjLhvM gyRZvwn` hviv wbRivB BRwZnv`i weavb Zwi KiQb
Ges evcK msLvq BRwZnv` KiQb|

BRwZnv`
BRwZnv` (
): g~j k Ryn` ev Rvnv`v (
) _K BRwZnv`
(
) kwU DcRvZ| BRwZnv` kwUi AvwiK A_ njv msMvg Kiv
ev AvZcPv| BRwZnv` eywewK cPvK aviY Ki| BRwZnv`
BmjvwgK AvBbi GKwU evcK Drm Ges KziAvb I mybvni ciB Gi
vb|
ivm~j (m.)-Gi BwKvji ga w`q KziAvb Ges mybvn cwic~YZv
cqQ| wK BRwZnv` Pjgvb welq bZzb eveZvi mv_ DchvRb,
bZzb wePvh welqK gvwbq bqvi gZv Ges KziAvb I mybvni ci GwU
Bmjvgx AvBbi GKwU iZcY~ Drm ev cwZ hv bZzb AvBb mw Ki|
KziAvb Ges mybvni evBi Bmjvgx AvBbi Drm wnme BRwZnv`B
AvekKxqfve bZzb bZzb AvBb iPbv Ki| hw` KziAvb Ges mybvni
cvV cwivifve weavbi DjL _vK ZLb BRwZnv` KvhKi _vK bv|
BRwZnv` viv c` ivq AvewkKfve Rvwb cKw Zi| BRwZnv`i
welqe kwiqvni cvqvwMK weavb hv bm KZK evLvZ nqwb|
BRwZnv` wekl`i `vwqZ| welqwU hw` Riwi nq Ze BRwZnv`hvM
wekl`i Rb Zv evaZvg~jK (dvi` Avj AvBb ev IqvwRe Avj
AvBb)| hw` welqwU Riwi bv nq Ze Gi mgvavb mgwMZfve `vqe
(dvi` Avj wKdvqv ev IqvwRe Avj wKdvqv)|
GKRb wekl ZvKwj` ( Ab GKRb weklK A AbyKiY)
cwinvi Kieb| mvaviY gvbyli Rb ZvKwj` Abygvw`Z| Beb nvRg
gb Kib ZvKwj` Kviv RbB Abygvw`Z bq| kvn IqvjxDjvn DjL
KiQb h mvgvb wKQz njI Abymvbi hvMZv ivL Zvi Rb
ZvKwj` Abygvw`Z bq|
BRwZnv` KziAvb, mybvn Ges mvnvwe`i PPv viv cgvwYZ| BRwZnv`i
mg_b KziAvb DwjwLZ AvqvZmg~n njv 4:59, 9:122, 29:69 Ges
59:2| GmKj AvqvZ cKw ZMZ w`K _K Rvwb aibi|
BRwZnv`i ^c AmsL nvw`mi DjL Kiv hZ cvi| Gjvi ga

30

2. Abvb gyRZvwn` hviv AwaKvsk Abvb gyRZvwn` KZK

cYxZ BRwZnv`i wewa AbymiY Kib Ges wKQz BRwZnv`
KiQb|
wKQz wKQz wekl c_g KqK kZvx ci Avi BRwZnv` ne bv ejQb|
GB gZvgZ GLb cZvLvZ nqQ| Avjvgv kvIKvwb ejb, G gZ
Povfve cwiZvR| Avjvgv BKevji gZ BRwZnv`i `iRv e Ki
`qv GKwU cKZ
AjxK Kvwnbx| Bmjvgx mfZvi fwelr DbwZ wbfi
KiQ hvM wekl KZK cYxZ BRwZnv`i Dci| fwelZ
mwwjZfve AwaKZi BRwZnv` cYxZ ne ej Avkv Kiv hvq|

Mcw
1. wcwcvjm Ae BmjvwgK RywimcW, W. gynv` nvwkg Kvgvwj, w` BmjvwgK
UU mvmvBwU, 5 wMb wU, KvgweR, wmwe23RBD, BDK, 1991|
2. w` WKwUb Ae BRgv Bb Bmjvg, Avng` nvmvb, BmjvwgK wimvP BwUwUDU,
Bmjvgvev`, 1970|
3. w` wdjvmwd Ae RywimcW Bb Bmjvg, mewn ivRe gvngvmvwb, B R wej,
wjBWb, 1911|
4. Dmyj Avj wdKni Dci iwPZ wewfb eB Ges wbe, W. Zvnv Rvwei Avj
AvjIqvwb, AvBAvBAvBwU, BDGmG|
5. Dm~jyj wdKn, Avey hvniv, W. Avj wdKi Avj Avivwe, Kvqiv, 1958|
6. Bjgy Dm~wjj wdKn, Av Avj Iqvnve Lvjvd, `vi Avj Kvjvg, KzqZ, 12
Zg msKjb, 1978|
7. Dm~jj
y wdKn, kvBL gynv` Avj Lyvix, `vi Avj wdKn, Kvqiv, 1981|

31