yo quauissasse anpoo(qns ou S11 "WSA aup ur AasouRATR] yo Suqueaw semoned oi Suey Inq “PION jexUeB Vv sous, -uaos a yous ao ay) Jo Baxe sy) BUPHEIS {Sty Aure of quod S{Yp Ie PETE] 3IB S90 JO SPO] ON, "aka oun szequo aazou ondo aun asst euros at7 UO 204s yods pur -ugos 0q uo yoo{go ou ‘panouios ua9q seu 3 JONFe OUT {yo upBupy apqerooudale we 205 rey OSURTUT OS SY YORU ATEIO aa Sup. -kpoq snourumy ® wosy payne sKex Jo NOrNAe||O9 V wmg “afieyoa pout canpaid ® Ayddns 01 pausisap sto Jo sa}395 8 40 [18 V ‘cong “Bupesado pu ‘Surps 103 suorpuo ynox Aressz0ou amp UHEIgO o3 CUR] aBreyostp- U1) We IW pesn 2o1n9p Off JSUIOJSUEN Y sor “Aquapysuas say sisafpe 30 sidupe 962 ap yoy oF ata JO PIPES 949 UW BOUBUTUAMY ABBE BL ‘oueuguimy aandupe oB8i94Y -smowoueu fq paoexdoy “oneut q.0} 01 fenbe wisuzpeawm JO TA wonssuy “pasvoo sey —y Ainsneo snqmusps ayy rage simooo vexp asuodsod TenstA Y adeuy NV -mouruouyiva won uy worexdope Jo ote APBD # SOL “Soop youn ooueulny agenye agp se passuco ATEN p49] wopendepy “ako oy) Suumu> 1484] Jo HOU axp sarH|NBE YORUM qidnd up yo ans axa ut 38ureyD a4) St “9018p 12559] B01 10q ‘panjonuy osty “poled Surpeoesd ATprepauauy we Sutznp sem 1} Tey Or IURONP sf ANAMUSURE SIL TEI Os “HaIA Jo Play ann Jo (anojo9 atp Jo) sourEUTUAT 2H 01 PaWOISTOOe sowooeq aa ayp Jo wunax yt se Buysm200 sss00rd 2H, wonmdepy -soBueyp [poruiays aonpord rey wn -oads ayp Jo sured ypjoiengn puw 1ajors ous uy sdes BIT ‘ska Op amojoo IMO preuromyy aka owp soiwe o1 1Y8y S59] MOTTE O2 SIeNUOD [Ind ‘m1 “YOM 3s0p Jog “wIauFEW dnd ur saBuEyD sopaP “uf ogfe worepoumuosoy “Aiur ye pasnoo§ sf af TeULLOU. ‘aut ‘paxepr Jo Tey st sudy au2 LOY “ZBHTOUE OF dK sip ato tHo4y sno0} SoBuEYD 2A axp YSIUA q ss20010 3, ‘wopapomrusoooy ‘uungpout ‘e ami pared|ssip s1 xn waprour yorum £q ssvooxd aL wondiosqy “2P0D SAT 2 (01 40 “ID BI 9p feNUID neaIng ‘aBeuEPA A a aTeUOTTEL ston WoyssIuZWIOD atp Aq paysnand ‘21 uoHPORANd “Gel cnqoo, BunysrT TeuOTEUsaIL] amp OF pexsojou st 49pea1 ‘up suonuyop astoaid 10 Jog “TOISA pure K2;2WOOUE Ut ‘posn sy pu suisa) wouruoo axour ayn Sis xIpuadde SEAL, sua], I xipuaddy166 LIGHTING OF UNDERGROUND MINES. | luminance, For example, a car’s headlights do not change their luminance but will change their brightness from day to night. Candela Previously called candle or candle-power. The SI unit of Iuminous intensity in a particular direction. Abbreviation ed. ‘Candela per square metre ‘The SI unit of luminance, Abbreviation cd «mm, Candlepower Luminous intensity expressed in candelas, Candlepower distribution eurve ‘A curve on a graph showing the varia intensity of a light emitting source, relative to angles. Carbon-are lamp ‘An electric-discharge lamp employing an arc discharge be- ‘tween carbon electrodes. One or more of these electrodes may have cores of special chemicals which contribute importantly to the radiation. cat ‘The basic battery which includes the container, one posi- tive plate, one negative plate and an electrolyte. ‘Central vision ‘The seeing of objects in the central or foveal part of the visual field. It is approximately two degrees in diameter ‘and permits seeing much finer detail than does peripheral vision, See also foveal vision. ‘Chemiluminescence ‘The production of light by chemical action. CCillary muscle ‘An eye muscle which can change the curvature of the lens to allow for proper focusing of light. (Circuit efficacy ‘The ratio of the luminous lux emitted by a lamp to the total power consumed by the lamp and its control gear. Unit is lumen per watt, Im-W, Coefficient of utitization Ratio of luminous flux received on the observation plane to the rated lumens of the source, Colour appearance Refers to the colour appearance of the source. This does not indicate its colour rendering properties. Colour blindness (A defect in sensitivity to hue. Total colour blindness is ‘very rare, There are two kinds of partial colour blindnes the inability to distinguish red from green, and coupled ‘with this a weakness in detecting radiation at the red end Of the spectrum. Colour rendition Effect of a light source on the colour appearance of an object. Colour temperature of a lamp ‘A reference, expressed in Kelvins, to describe the degree of ‘whiteness of a light source. Relates the absolute tempera- ture of a blackbody radiator to light of the same colour as the lamp. For example, the colour of a black body radia | tor at 3400°K is the nearest match to that of a white fluo- rescent lamp. A blackbody changes colour as its tempera- ture is raised. Cones LLight-sensitive cells on the retina; cones respond primarily to colour and are extensively involved in daylight vision. Contrast ‘The assessment of the difference in appearance of two parts of a field of view seen ‘simultaneously. The lumi- Trance contrast C can be defined in terms of the object | luminance and background luminance. If the object © Juminance L, is greater than the ‘background luminance Ly, then Laky c= Te Contest sensitivity Te abiity of the eye to detest minimum diferenes ia tuminance and depends greatly on the levels of luminance. With more light the eye is more sensitive and requires less contrast to see detail. Cornea ‘The transparent coating that covers the eyeball in humans and is the visible “white” of the eye which serves as part of the refractive system. Critical flicker frequency ‘The frequency of intermittent light flashes necessary (0 ¢li- minate flicker and produce fusion.-yrin on sBseypeyp axp Aq poreioues ABzou> 2}OIAEIT ‘ayy Jo sulos suo}suen (soydsoyd) Bue BuPPsJ0NY ‘2 yoru ut dure o8seqostp-ounsops Anasous amnss93d- WO] W dus 05000 acmaxy ain exp Os pouslsap sf dure] ooud worsord “9 wy “MOISO| do ue asmeD 01 YBnowe 304 9uI020q 300 IH sas 2912p 9x3 “uonppe a] “somap 24) RAHA poUTETUOS St AgAnOR PeOuDe §,90140p @ Aq paxokin uorsoydia ABY Jooad uosordg, + omens, pone Ajsnoyaaza “xny uf tou pu anout azenbs sad suaut “ny ut pomseoyy “Bore wun zod aowjans © SUAKDI XNIS SUL, auEI -yusumuomaus SYS 245 -tpads v Aq paonpoud rexn 01 uaqeainbs Auassia 488) 20 -oxd pjnom yorum uorremrumyr exa4ds Jo T2s>l UL “CISD oenuungy a0qds yuopeamb, -Azoueg e wy juauranows Uo} Aq poyLTeD $1 WHat “ano ypryat Uy JusHeD1 10 JOyINpUED [BOIL o4fe1aU- LON, arson -ssons jeowDoy9 07 paroofqns uae goueysqns J9y10 10 feISAs9 B UE WS Jo UOHINPOId AHL ouans UTERO, SSS... 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Jo) 384 YOR UE UE, W dure] aBreypsP HT, yndino dure sy] 0} andyno waumy s,amUxIp # Jo ONE owpura “hoes aye snourumy se wnouy ospy « Aous.o1y9, parfeD Aisnors -21g “(-A\ 11) eA tad suouIny Wy possoudxa “Aq poumns Cuoo samod 9x 07 dure © Aq wane xm mp JO Ones UL eeu -woys Sut cared Aprmssan0u OHTA OF WOOSIP S9STED YOY 271 amy poyerossic, spoywoasyp Suysnea Aypress209u 180 ayy sad YoTy a 23210 “FZEC arms Qwaes aps trenap 298 01 Aan swonaamp paisa) -ead vwroay Ajueunopasd aveunuuNIT O3 poUsTsSp Bunya] ‘Sunnydt] peuoNseN “ws21a Jo PIBY 24) UL s2omos 2H PIPIPRUS Aoatougnsuy 30 ssoumutuun] yBiq wry BupINsa4 BIE anus aN “afer sopndue peosg ¥ 1940 refi suoneos yous opserd weoRIsUEN Se YPM [ELITE enn -sopfue Jo 28ues ‘e reno poroourpes st xnyj 1waprouy WAY Aq ssaooud SUL won 30424 poem “sdurey pasnofoo ayeut ‘on st jeuatena ayp Jo a¢n UG “2o~sINs ay WOK) PaIDOLO srayio pue parisien 2u0s ‘spueq pexrsods ovut AB.s—U19 ueiper areredas TEM yoIyA 9u0 St [BHTEUI NOMI V som “oye ‘ye 0} aun ouos sommbas xlepe 01 spox aun Jo AIMEE U1 nq wofsa oidoroos Bunynsos aya uy swuaw97a anp28 91d! tua ay axe wuaL ayp Ur ssoyda001 pos OH, “z-tt-PO 100 tue ssa s2oueUTUM] or WoREIdepE se UDYEI AqeIeUID ‘gop 2u7 uF Bura0s 0p asnfpe or 249 amp JO AUITAE LL vopeideps ed ou TxIGNaddv168 LIGHTING OF UNDERGROUND MINES Fluorescent mercury lamp ‘An electrio-discharge lamp having a high-pressure mer- ccury arc in an arc tube, and an outer envelope coated with a fluorescing substance (phosphor) which transforms some of the ultraviolet energy generated by the arc into light. Footeandle (fe) Unit of illuminance equal to 1 lumen distributed over 1 ft. Foot lambert (FL) Unit of luminance from diffusing surface that transmits or reflects 1 lm ft, Foveal vision Using the cones of the eye to see. The scanning of the visual field makes it possible for the lens system of the eye to bring a succession of images on to the fovea, where sen- sitivity is high. If this is the only vision available, called “tunnel” vision. General lighting Lighting designed to illuminate an area without special provision for local requirements, Glare Discomfort or impairment of vision experienced when some parts of the field of vision are greater than the lumi- nance to which the eyes are adapted. The magnitude of the glare depends upon such factors as the size, position, and luminance of a source, the number of sources, and the luminance to which the eyes are adapted. High Intensity Discharge (HID) Lamp A source of light obtained by passing an electric current through gas. High-Pressure Sodium Lamp Electric discharge lamp (e.g. Lucalox) with Na vapour as the main gas being excited, Hue The colour of an object. Hertz Cycle per second. Tumination ‘The process of lighting an object. Muminance ‘The flux incident on a surface per unit area, Previously called ‘illumination’, which was ambiguous. Other lan- guages are clearer: Eclairment Eclairage Beleuchtungsstarke Beleuchtung If the luminous flux is the quantity of light measured in lumens and the surface area measured in m?, the unit is the lux. Canpot be seen by the eye but can be measured with a photometer. Lm-m? = 1 lux Incandescent filament lamp A lamp in which light is produced by a filament heated to ineandescence by an electric current. Infrared lamp ‘An incandescent heat lamp that produces infrared energy and little visible light. Inhibition Reduction in sensation due to a momentary change in adaptation level or in the degree of summation, caused by some other stimulus, Intensity ‘The quantity which expresses the illuminating power of a source in a particular direction, More precisely, the flux per unit solid angle, expressed in candelas. Intrinsically safe ‘Apparatus in which any electrical sparking or thermal effects that may occur are incapable of igniting a pre- scribed flammable gas. Ins ‘A muscle in the eye that functions asa diaphragm control- ling the size of the pupil. The irs is the blue or brown por- tion of the eye. Irradiation ‘The tendency for retinal stimulation in a given area to spread slightly into the surroundings. For example, white letters on a black background appear larger than black let~ ters of equal size on a white background. Isolux line The line plotted on appropriate co-ordinates to show the equal illuminance points on a given surface. 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Mercury lamp or Mercary vapour lamp An electric discharge lamp in which the major portion of the radiation is produced by the excitation of mercury atoms. Mesopic vision ‘Vision between photopic and scotopic. Metal-Halide Lamp Electric discharge lamp producing light by excitation of vapourized mercury and metallic iodides. ‘Miner's normal fleld of vision ‘An important term used in US mine lighting regulations and defined by MSHA as meaning surfaces that can be seen readily by a miner from any position in the working place where his duties require him to be while self-pro- pelled mining equipment is being operated. Not included are floor surfaces under machines or surfaces behind line curtains or ventilation tubing. ‘Monochromatic light source A light source where all the light is essentially one colour ‘or one wavelength, An example would be a low pressure sodium light giving a yellow colour. ‘Mounting height ‘The vertical distance between the roadway, track surface or other reference plane and the centre of the apparent light source of the luminaire. Nanometer Unit of wave-length equal to 10m. Formerly called milli- micron and takes the place of the Angstrom (10-¥ m). Ab- breviation nm. Nit Unit of luminance. One candela per square metre, equal to 0.292 foot lambert (I stilb = 10000 m}). Uni ‘but not recognized as an official SI unit. Nystagmus The inability of the eye to maintain fixation focus under certain circumstances. A dreaded miner's disease until the introduction of electric lighting in mining. It was charac- terized by erratic movement of the eyeballs and in severe cases, by difficulty in walking straight. Overhang The distance between a vertical line passing through the Juminaire and the edge of the roadway or track. Peripheral vision ‘The ability 10 see off to the side when looking at an object. Important in mining when working around moving ma- chinery. Phosphorescence ‘The production of light from a chemical substance which hhas been activated by light or other radiation. Photo Pertaining to light. Something is photo-senstive when it reacts to light. Inthe tuman eye, rods and cones are photo- sensitive cells since they translate light into neural impulses. Photometry ‘Science of measuring light. Photopie vision ‘Adaptation to luminances greater than several candelas per square metre. The cone receptors of the retina are the principal active elements. Colours can be perceived and ‘mages are sharp. Maximum seeing efficiency is reached ‘with light having a wave-length of 550 nanometres. Planar illuminance measurement ‘The measurement of illuminance in a plane. In mine light- ing surveys a horizontal plane at belt height (11m) is often ‘chosen. in the United States a height of 0.85m is assumed unless otherwise stated. Point vision ‘The mode of vision of a source of light so small that the sensation is determined by its intensity (or point brilliance) rather than by its size (or angular subtense). Polarization The process by which the transverse vibrations of light waves are oriented in a specific plane, Pupil The opening in the centre of the iris that allows light to ‘enter. The pupil changes size by the action of involuntary muscles. (It is not a material body but is a hole in the iris which cannot be seen because of the intervening refraction surfaces of the cornea). 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The phys- ical cause of the visual sensation. Stray light (in the eye). Light from a source which is scattered onto parts of the retina lying outside the retinal image of the source. ‘Surface- Mounted Fixture ‘One that is mounted on the surface of the roof, back, or ceiling of a mine. ‘Tungsten-Halogen lamp ‘The same as a quartz-iodine lamp. Uniform diffuser ‘A surface having a reflectance independent of the angle of illuminance, and luminance independent of the angle of view. Uniformity of illuminance (@) Average to Minimum Ratio = the ratio of average illu- minance level on the floor of the work area to the mini- ‘mum illuminance at any point on the floor. (b) Maximum to Minimum Ratio = the ratio of maxi- mum illuminance at any point on the floor of the work area to the minimum illuminance at any point on the floor. Uniform light source ‘A source of light whose luminous intensity is the same in all directions. Veiting brightness ‘A brightness superimposed on the retinal image which re- duces its contrast. It is this veiling effect produced by bright sources or areas in the visual field which results in decreased visual performance and visibility. Veiling reflection Reflections from an object that partially or totally pre- vents seeing/the details of the object. Visibility ‘The state of being perceivable by the eye. In mining appli- cations itis usually defined in terms of the contrast or size of a standard test object, observed under standardized ‘viewing conditions, having the same threshold as the given object. Visible radiation ‘The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum from about ‘380 nanometers to about 700 nanometers that enable us to see. Vision ‘Visual preception. The reception of light by the cells in the eye and the brain's evaluation of the information con- tained in the light. Visual acuity ‘The ability of the eye to see very small objects. Visual angle ‘The angle which an object subtends at the optical centre of, the eye. Visual background The immediate area around an object or detail under observation. ‘Visual field ‘The outermost position of an object or point in space which can be seen when the head and eyes are kept fixed. jinocular visual field is that portion of the field that is seen by both eyes. ‘Visual perception ‘Vision. The reception of light by the eye, and the evalua- tion of the information contained in the light. The com- plex of sensations supplemented by memory. Visual performance (Quantitative assessment of the performance of a task tak- ing into account speed and accuracy. ‘Visual surround Al portions of the visual field except the visual task. ‘Visual task ‘Those details or objects, including the immediate back- ‘ground, which must be seen in order to perform a speci- fied activity. Working place For a coal mine this usually means the area in the last open crosscut. For a non-coal mine it usually means a working stope. ‘Working plane ‘The plane on which illuminance measurements are made. Unless otherwise stated, the plane is assumed to be hori- zontal and 0.75 m above the floor (0.85m in U.K.). pp __________________________,,__,,,amy = gu oun | S| aaa wo soweananyt 4. ‘Sypuworooy 1 = pag + voy 5: dia wo soueurusny ou, aqpueo your | = pF - vou | 51.9000 wo soueununyt ou, roy | = pu + wawny St aaa Uo soueuUNIT OuL oumararogT 50 STUN] “suoumy 96°2 40 suum +951 panna any snowy e101 7 YHA OS ey St asOyAS 1 Jo vare doeans ay, “UoRIULap Aq UUIN| uO S| FAT 10 dada ‘9909 ‘sade sun wo Fumes xm snowy aE ‘soueuuun’y pure aoueURUIT Jo SIREN “E°Z"V Amn Aaga “wT st q Aue ony TKO dada “3 1s q due ory 10a ail 1 = D000 “Ul fst 2 Aue 01 y auld MO | = Adda “WO Tt @ Aue On y IU SuORDoNp [Te UF EBPUED T = V sway snow -tuin] Jo 1unowre aures ou anooes YORUM Jo Te "uMO4s OrB ssoRuins WARP mo “espueD 1 Jo Aysuoruy snowLANY Sumaey Y 18 1UBt] Jo somos amod ¥ smoys T'ZV OMB ‘sun BunySHf seqrUTEUN YK SUPILON sspourfua on pre we se paruasozd S| uofoas STL “st eso ur] asn 6/61 01 sod Sopopme Sa ‘apdurexo 404 "WorsKs IS 24) ut pakoydurs asoup wey soy O sy YN p2de) 29 AIqED “Wout [1m Sunysy] uo aanzesaiN axp ovU; BuAjap auosuy IS WER FIO SUN 9yFMIOJON 7 xipueddyee 174 LIGHTING OF UNDERGROUND MINES { The lux has also been referred to as the metrecandle, ‘The inchcandle is seldom used. Since 1m = 3,28 ft it follows that 1 footcandle = lumen | @ £Y = 10.76 tux fe Tm ‘Similarly 1 lux = 9.29 x 107 fe. The conversion 1 footcandle = 10 lux is often used. This ‘means that the illuminance on DDDD is approximately 10 times greater than the illuminance on EEEE, For light sources themselves the phot is a more convenient unit, 1 phot = 104 tux 1 lux = 10 milliphot Units of illuminance and their mutual conversion factors are given in Table A.2.1. Unit lux phot__footcandle Abbreviation Ix ph fe be 1 10 10.8 ph 10+ 1 1.08 x 107 fe 9.29x10% 929 1 ‘Table A.2.1. Conversion Factors for Units of Wluminance. To convert the top row to the side column, milt- ply by the box factor. Units of Luminance Luminance is a measure of the brightness of a surface. As. the luminance corresponds to the light emitted from the surface it normally depends on the ability of that surface to reflect light. For lamps and other light sources the lumi- ‘nance is a measure of the light emitted. Lighting engineers find the luminance unit essential in their work because this ‘is what the eye sees. The footlambert and the apostilb are units of luminance related to the unit of illuminance by the following: £ eng where = reflectance of surface luminance of surface lluminance striking the surface e L E ‘Compare this to formula (9.1) and notice that the » con- stant disappears because of the way in which the units are defined. IfZ is in footlamberts, Eis in footcandles. If L is in apostlbs, £ is in lux. Measurements of g have been miscalculated by a factor of x as a result of unit misunder- standit ‘An underground road surface with @ reflectance of 0.09 receiving an illuminance of 100lux has a luminance of 9 | asb. If the reflectance were 100%, then it would have a luminance of 100 asb. If, in Figure A.2.1 we assume all of the luminous flux from A (1 candela in all directions) is reflected in a | perfectly diffuse manner by BBBB-CCCC-DDDD or | EEEE in turn, then BBBB reflects a luminance of | TV lumen « cm? = 1 lambert CCC reflects a luminance of T lumen + in? EEE reflects a luminance of Tlumen + m-* = 1 apostitb ‘The inch lambert is seldom used. 10.76 asb. ‘This is analagous to 1 fe = 1.076 milliphots = 10.76 Ix. ‘As well as expressing luminance in terms of lumens per unit area it can be expressed in terms of candelas per unit area. I candela - cm? = 1 stilb = 2919/t.L = 31416 asb I candela» m? = I nit ‘The following relationships can then be derived. 1 lambert = 1/x candela/em? = 0.3183 sb 1 footlambert = 1/x candela/ft# = 0.3183 ed/ft? 1 apostilb = 1/x candela/m? = 0,3183 nt ‘Asa rule, the apostib is used to indicate the luminance of walls, floor, back and other non-specular objects while the stilb is used to indicate the power of the light source. The following light sources, arranged in order of size of their luminances, are presented so that one can get a feel for the stb unit, ee‘vorpeg wolsioaulog 2ouBUHLINT “Z'Z"Y AGE, T aro ORBEE—_pODRTE vor Oa0T 7 seo r ssr0 Ora vor vOrMere _—vO1NEVE = 507 wo T orenes aT wiNsOT—OIKZ ca oe wr T POKES OINDST aco e-P ost ot Ost For a1e0 oe oy co Dare cy ae we t cor wr ee wee wr we wo eO1Xers v Tw vonenoiaay 001 40 01 Jo 401085 # Aq paseaioep furaq anyea ay *pasn aq ns PIO anqea aIPUEDIOO] OSE om ‘ParseAUOD '9q 01 are soqpuesioo} $°¢ 30 Se jf “Suny TueDTUBIS soy 30 om} 01 JJo papunos 9q Ua Pynow anfea STH “x{ 9PUN ‘uurnjos puonss 21 ut aut ates 241 Uo PunoS $1 99LE AMTEA ‘yp pure cummjoo wSuty 249 Ur PoIe20} St OSE ‘S2[PUPD100] OSE Jo quspeamba xny ofp suruDp 03 ‘s[durexo 404 “101985 ‘Woxssaatioo syeadosdde amp Aq Surstdhynuy wey yoordjoo3 ‘auou! pure “91695 “r9qse9 99 01 Puno} AIfensn St 9]qE) UL “sun Jo wists 240 249 TS Bupyew 01 wants 9q Pinoys 1GSnoys [Te 39UI8 Uae 5 SI 01 1S wouj wosiequeo ON “su JS oF Sue Sa ze -woysno Uf STB MOA} HaAUOD 01 PAPIAOAE S| E-Z"V TAL 2-P9EO = gE = GSO = THT eUPOTO = ase = TYCO = .Wl-PoT :ajdurexe 404 “JJ0 punor 0} Azewo3sn9 ‘8191 ‘q8n0u o7e squsuIomsvaus IY ISOM! BUNS “301985 KOG ay &q Aqdrnnum uamyoo apis 2u1 01 aor dor ayp 28ALOD O, “twoystantoo Jo asea Joy yo paxiom us9q Set TTY AGEL “T'VOOT Jo soueuuMy ¥ axey Pino 2 w9qp “a 00 229m souesaYEY aMp JT “TY 6 Jo souBU UM, ' seq] 23 001 Jo SouBUTN Ue BuLAsB001 6979 Jo 2oUEIDO[Ja1 8 Miia aoe]ins peor punos@iapun we ‘a]durexd snowazd aun Bupsp “pamseour Huzaq st soteuTUY asouN 29B}ANS aU Jo uondiosqe syaiy 241 st Buypeas riaqusenoo} Buypuodsox ~409 94) pue Bumpeds appuesioo} ¥ usomieg 2042324}! 2H “Bt Jo saunos v se ‘yons saoueurtuny YB 405 pasm st, UH po aut 989104™ S208} -ins pareuquingy jo seomeuruuny 303 pasn ATMO st 35 2U, 20] po] Jo douBuTUINY w Sey YOU aTENbs BuO 1240 ‘pues auo “Ape “Ty | Jo 2oueUTUIN] B sey WoRIONP [pateufisep w utosj pomora way “yrs 20d woumy | Sura 30 Bupoayas soMEUTUN wOFTUN Jo azejuns BuISNIITP V “git sod epppueo 2xp pu aqpuesio0y aya “Hoque ooy oxy are sium reteduy iueyodu sour sony 241 98 0001—0L ang oe32t5 51-90 due] 110 as 80-10 stpueo poms 95 59°0~sy'0 sgn auaDsex0NLS sro 4x8 121) 8 sc0 wOOW saomog 1W@r] Jo ssusurum] Sal txIGNadaY176 LIGHTING OF UNDERGROUND MINES fle com? fife ket Abe & ebm? ALR ok om io 107% 3903551 05 790 85002702 Mo a7 3036581165 5761331988 00 Bs 2A) oat 3503765198 500 2st S87 so a7i6 25, bo 38 as 3078283 590634802 300 30S MO 1505480 37 39a 0064852056, 0 as] e 10 gist 3004089 61065682090 0 2a7e wo 8 304196, 2124 850 212 m0 1a 0808 so 6792158 360 2346 wo 199767 40 watz 6a 2193, 510 2381 190 om gSL a 419 so eos 227 380 ois 2m uses 30 4627 om 6 390 3009, no | mm T9 4“ ane om 092298, 300 3083 m e154 40 aa 6 BIT 2330 910 a8 Bo S188 4904950 wo a 68 $20 3152 2 25m 5057 13322398 930 3186 202607 wo Si6s no 16 as 0 x0 20298 0 32R mo mar 2a67 950 3255 2m 20S ws 5005380 0188S 2501 960 389 2% 3013989. 51048 11962535 970 m3 BO 310988 525595, 750 © $070 2570 980 3357 3003281028 505708 760 78 2604 500 5392 31033361062 30 S810 TO as 2838 100 3430 520431085 50 S918 m0 8672 Table A.2.3. Unit Conversion.“snynuuns ayy Jo woresnp pur ‘Aysu2qut 2up Jo roNpOId st ploysoatp Jeou smymUINS [ENSTA e JO SSPUOANDO}IS YL MT 30080 NINN, -ysey ayn se souen “Twiny sures 2471 Jo (e10ur 40 puoses 1) wy] poureaunEMt B Jo Asourumy ayy woyp (xs 01 dn) s94any sreadde (puo 298 1'9 01 g0°0) HSE © Jo IwauNDouaUTOD at JBye ATOYS Aysounsm, Arequowour ayy ‘sjonay souwURUN Ys 1 pay MrINg YOON “Jo somyen xyfeus puno} 2xeT, ‘stoAay pjousasup-vacns ye “s19420m 1310 ‘aBEs9Ae UO SPUD 298 12°0. = B3eyI Puno} AayY pue TaGNOTg “PIogsastp ay Geax = 3x7 tSuof[o $2 'D gueISuOD, AY-TEGNOTE 24 PU UsELS 3M Jo woReanp ay} wo spuadap Uonepes smi“ AxsuaqU [B= sures aun Jo ay8t] Apeots © Jo Tey OF IBY] JO YseY (218U) 8 Jo J Ausuowoy aansoyye otp Samejax mel jeoytduna uy maw AR TAONOTG, “suse seur04s Jo} Inq ployszy) aAoge ann Aifenbs sf SLL “PAR ‘oajjo sf (GU pur xm 30 sone; Jo oMposd a¢p) TBAT Jo Ammuenb aup suo ‘plousasnn au sou SoysoY, HOUS 40-1 we PENNE OIG “anjq su0ur readde 0} puss uass-onyg pue Tajo PUE ‘worse a10u seadde 0) pues usesf-moyjak pue pax “0ueu quan] ysiy 3e ‘ony oy ApIpour Aeur 2oueUpUIM] Uy GOLETA, pega oMEMOZ *peusnew Bunqu0sqe Jo suoneuaouco auai9]3— 10} 40 sypBus] yred WALATP 303 ‘Banyppe st (1y8q sHEUIONPOUOW 205) Az}suap TeOAGO dap] Sacnonog pus Ary sacra = gwousouequa, 58 UMoUy osfy “SouBURENY umNuTEN ay) 30 some EIU ‘xp ayo Jo 18 Apeots BJO vBKY UD sa4eD48 sede Aes ‘couanbayy woisny FEONED By MOjPq PLE sf>A2] PLOY -eidns ye ‘ysey pareadar fqpider & 50 AasoURUR] JUL Gea ezring youd os 238) RONAN av($0'°O) XJ = 2P XT raya Kew 2m ‘aouesip AIEGISIA TEOKBO[O10 cout om SEA JMET SpeCEUNEDSOY Woy “ZoUeISTP ‘yun 103 ssuERTUISUET 9tp St. PUB DOUTESEp yp stp 1a PLXL = PX :wongjar ay 0} Zumps0208 ‘mer azenbs assaauy oq) pur souenmusmen ouaydsoune uo spuxdap somos qweisyp wosy soueqqq Twiod ou ae] sawvTty -saoueutuiny eaprarpu saqp Jo ums ay sf sIYBIT pounojo> Jo anya posoduiusdns jo aunxius # Jo souPUILAN] ay aw] sAaney, ssw aspaxd tenn JoWges FauOReS:9AN09 ‘uy poquosep ore pue ‘sowednsaquy edund oun (01 Burpz0o9e sopio yeonaqeude UF UDAIS are fox, 24dood Somonred yum poteoosse axe pI asuodso4 Tens Jo sioayye pue suoneyar ‘sey auf YL sTeop xipuadde SIL S192IFA PUB suONEPY ‘sMET178 LIGHTING OF UNDERGROUND MINES, Feary Pomrex Law ‘The critical fusion frequency is (approximately) propor- tional to the logarithm of the luminance. ‘Kosconazpens Law ‘The atmospheric transmittance is constant (and is conven- tionally taken as 5 per cent) over a distance equal to the daylight visual range (the meteorological visibility), whatever the density of a fog or mist, Lawnenrs Law ‘A (uniformly) diffusing surface or a source of light which ‘obeys LawBeRr’s Law has constant luminance in all direc- tions. Prnows Law (see Riccos Law) For a light source subtending between about 10’ and 1°, seen foveally, the threshold luminance is inversely propor- tional to the cube root of the solid angle subtended by the souree, Pires Law (see Ricoo’s Law) For a light source larger than say 2°, the threshold lumi- nance is inversely proportional to the square root of the solid angle subtended by the source. Phancxs Law ‘The energy distribution of radiation through the spectrum depends only on the temperature of the source and the ‘wavelength of the light, according to the formula: M = —A_ Yen where 2 is the wavelength T is the absolute temperature ¢, and ¢, are constants ¢ is the base of natural logarithms, Purxinar Effect At low luminance levels (scotopic vision) the relative visual sensitivity at the blue end of the spectrum is it creased relative to the red end, and the wavelength of maximum efficiency is displaced towards shorter wave- lengths. Ricoos Law (see Pres Law) For a small ight source, the threshold is determined only. by the intensity (the product of the luminance and the solid angle subtended by the source). This is true up to an angular subtense of about 3 minutes of arc for foveal vi- sion or about 10 minutes of arc for parafoveal vision. Srines-Ceawrorn Effects (1) The effective transmittance of the pupil of the eye varies across its diameter, usually being a maximum near the centre of the pupil. (Q) The observed hue of a narrow pencil beam of mono- chromatic light is affected by the point of entry into the pupil. This effect applies only to cones and not to rod cells. There is no SriLes-Crawronp effect in scotopic vi- Tatsors Law ‘Above the critical fusion frequency, the effective lumi- nance of a flashing light is independent of the frequency and is equal to the average value (the time integral) of the real luminance. ‘Troxten’s Effect ‘The luminosity of a truly fixated source, or of an image ‘which does not move on the retina, fades after a second or 0, Wenen-Fecuner Law Equal increments of luminance cause equal increments of subjective sensation. At very low levels of luminance, the law no longer applies as the eye has the property of seeing very low luminance at a higher apparent brightness. ‘Warw’s Displacement Law ‘The maximum of the spectral eneray distribution curve of a thermal radiator occurs at a wavelength which varies inversely as the absolute temperature.-srejauior0yd uo woRPULOy UT -souyus feoo wt asm. 40} (Teuofexay) sunny pue sdure] Sari Pure aESaLONYY UO UoHEUO;UL “aBeurep Janouny ‘aged plone pute diy 2jqe0 woss saum{ut plone O1 SapIs YIOg UO duns ‘aqayauosios © YpLM 2[qeo Fuyen a.909 UIT MOID, UO LoHTeULIOsUT -syun 1g yum Suyeap *20nDeId SUTEYY 404 sprepUIRIS, 19p{ood B SHAN -sondo aiay Jo suorezapisuod uB\sap pue sopadod ‘sapdyourd uo 12}400e, “auoqe 2po9 40} og'S “PrEpuETs SH UHH 91a -jyese oste sireyp sote12[01 sn0I09 9po9 snofoo Ai2pHS “(6L6I—T'ESZ ISNV) SPIPZRH TeOISKYet BUNVEIN 405 APO) FOIOD AiaJES PrEpUeIS, USHA -worsKs sioun wsapou ayy Jo aBesn paidaove 07 oping te se papuatut suomepuaUTuodo1 Jo 135 © ,2pINO [HOUPA UH, USHA, IH (71a [eawio5 “aSPHA2PENN nels jeusMpuy WeUSEL peuwry (In) wosdtuls-¥eee vs e261 Va “UBmasTta Aug Busy $79 fuedo3 wownnsuy yeseNTeE ysn oeoy NI ‘suodeuesput 99809 XR O'd ayqu pure aut@ wpuOoEY sn so161 va “eudiepen Pang 208 916E sqeuaTeyy pu unsay, 10} AoHOS WHEEL sn Osst0 NIN ‘>8puqKAROS woisiaig S98d0 22444 rondo weonoury sn. BIOOL AN BOA MON, ‘Keaspoosd OFF mpunedac S7°S aamnsu spropuvig yeuoeN ueolouY vysn 9¢000 “2'a “worBuryse “AUN 94y STSNYDESSEWY SZOT qpunoy Sua) TBUOHTEN UeDuDUTY SiqeHTeAY HST woneso7] pue SUIEN SassauppYy Nyesp, aW0S » xipueddy180 LIGHTING OF UNDERGROUND MINES Name and Location Material Available Berkey Marketing Companies Inc. 25—20 Brooklyn Queens Expressway West Woodside, NY 11377 USA Bituminous Coal Research 350 Hochberg Road Monroeville, PA 15146 USA British Approvals Service for Electrical Equipment in Flammable Atmospheres Health and Safety Executive Harpur Hill Buxton, Derbyshire SKIT 93N England British Standards Institution 2 Park Street London WIA 2BS England Bruel & Kjaer DK-2850 Naerum Denmark Bureau of Mines Publications Distribution Branch 4800 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA, Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology Technology Information Division Department of Energy, Mines and Resources 555 Booth Street Ottawa KIA OGI Canada Canadian General Electric ‘Company Limited Lamp Marketing 165 Dafferin Street Toronto, Ontario M6K 1Y9 Canada CEAG Licht- und Strom- versorgungstechnik GmbH P.O. Box 305 1D-4600 Dortmund 1 Federal Republic of Germany Information on photometers. Contract with Bureau of Mines to give seminars on coal mine lighting. Useful information for electrical engineers and luminaire manufacturers regarding approved lighting. Also sells publications relating to standards ‘and list of certified electrical equipment. Carries out testing and issues approval of lighting and electrical equipment in the United Kingdom. Information on a luminance contrast photometer. Most photometers ‘measure luminance or illuminance. Contrast measurements are based on the ‘concept that contrast aids visibility, whereas too much luminance causes glare, reflection, and eye discomfort. Information circular 8709 contains eight technical papers on coal mine iflumination. Ask for “Coal Mine llumination Proceedings: Bureau of Mines Technology Transfer Seminars". One copy available without charge. Information on certification services for underground mining equipment and materials (Mng 21727). List of available certified equipment over the period 1968—80 citing the manufacturer, equipment description, certificate no, and its effective date (Mng 21726). ‘Numerous brief technical publications on lamps and lighting applications available on request. Also publish a ‘Mine Lamps” catalogue, Information ‘on pocket light meter. Information on lighting for longwalls. Incandescent, fluorescent and metal halide lamps and fittings for use in coal mines, including cap lamps and compressed air-driven fittings.(ossuec Be) sou TWO} PunosB.apur] 40) SoMeUIUIN] ASB aIGEUOA JO woUNdO}AIT « (arb ogt da) S480 SUI TOD jpunosSiopur] 10 swuourauinboy soueuuan'] WiNWTUTPY Jo suaEIdO|DAT (oxo 11 €a) sougy [#05 punoss:2pur] oy s\dsoU03 voHeURN] Jo UOMEIO[AXT « vsa (661587 a) SOU TROD mor 10) SUIAISKS HOrEUILANI Jo waUIdoFaAsC + ioize Va ‘piousuds (couse de) peoy [eKOy Hod S875 soupy [eo pumosStapup) ui seuyeurUMT’] wa9sDs0N|y JO UONENIEAT PHF « eae Sungai UuoneuuoyUy [eomUyoe, [EUONEN ata feo> uo stiod ajy-uado Sau J maINEL“S"7.30F JoNqLNSIC] ozsumtlo Jo rwaUTedaq ws IZZEL AN ‘osn0esks 666 X08'O' wosstaicl stonpOsd ‘souqun fe09 uf asn 403 sBumMIS sqeuateyy wonionnstod pure scurey winypos pue “nodes Cunaiau ‘wu20ss0n]5 UO UOMUOSU] Aueduiog spury-2s035) soul “soidon snouies uo suoneoggnd peoruysar Lp “BunUaT UIA WIE gosta SiR ‘pausoouoo st QI"p aarITUNIUOD-Gng “SuoHEpUEWWIOSI PU S9POd UO JOY s0quoysoTen PHEA2|H0q "ZS ‘dofosp 07 satslunoo soquiaur Aq soUllapIn se posn aye YIU spIepUENS “ATO BL 9p pesuan meaung sonpoud szanturuos-qng ‘ssouszefuo [eUOHTEUIaIU! S9zINEBIO) “SUONELDOSSE (aio) sera ‘pur sonsioos Buys TeUos2yord Jo uorteiedo-09 40} Kpoq jeUONBUIPY] ‘9p ayouorreusoity UOSsIuIIIOD “sunyay AousBsows pue sods ye Jo saueneq ut sezteneds eauyy nos, yorum dnoi8 apuolyD atp Jo WoHEIIosse Ue S| Auedwo “sautUI PIO OSI ‘Teeasuesy, “yIMOg {uous ‘yoou yee, pue urpruosusoog, 1 sfeun yssovons J94ye pasmseymueUE BUIq Slos xou'O'd ‘nou Aioneq 2015 JouvujuTeU Ini dure] deo su9UTEE wou B HO WoREULIO;UT peMWET "W'S APHOIID puesug SAGE ZIMS UOPLOT peoy uatH UeUTeE Z7z asnoH PPC “sraquiour uorsiaig Suna (oy soaud unoosip 18 ajqeyfeav suoreanignd resonag -wopBury PaUN (sa) ssoysag Supt uy) ut si20urdua HueulwunyT 40} KPO BuLKjTENb pus UNI} JeUOISSFOS {Jo UONMNSUY pa1a17e vsn SLIP HO “puEeAID BUpIN GEM OCI _sowseg ase, 1294009 ® ysyANd pure “sseHfeq oge saINbu aTyads uoneoossy sam Sense ‘KSoqouysOrIelfeq SuIUAMNO “SHAN AAD ‘FONEISMU w USTIANK -ejnusy See POU sowend amepey ue mnaiLeA 0ss097 “d'a “sou feoo uy Ayanompoxd ‘aouesg ap saBouuogzeyy 9p ‘pure “stonmpuon fupfzos ‘<9y8s Buysorduat ye pOUTE yoseasss TEL SBIpYPSY SON, 209) soba Audigog 710863 sage HUH 2 “LL “4runypeut Suu 40) sdureypeay auypor-zizenb wo UoRBUIOHUT ‘alaro SIaBITPAY TeHSIN ‘WORBOOT pue SUN, co ¥ xIGNaadV eee182 Name and Location LIGHTING OF UNDERGROUND MINES Material Available Department of Continuing Education National Mine Health and Safety Academy P.O.Box 1166 Beckley, WV 25801 USA Duro-Test Corporation 2321 Kennedy Boulevard North Bergen, NJ 07047 USA ECP Corporation 4726 Superior Avenue Cleveland, OH 44103 USA Electro Optical Industries Inc. P.O.Box 3770 Santa Barbara, CA 93105 USA Evans Electroselenium Ltd. St. Andrews Works Halstead England Flexible Lighting, Inc., 892 West Street ‘Woodstock, IL 60098 USA, Friemann & Wolf ‘Meidericher Strasse 6—8 4100 Duisburg 1 Federal Republic of Germany Gamma Scientific, Inc. 3777 Ruffin Road ‘San Diego, CA 92123, USA ‘* Development of an Illumination System for Longwall Coal Mines (PB 249 560) ‘+ Development of a Fluorescent Cap Lamp System (PB 249906) ‘© Installation, Maintenance and Evaluation of Mine Illumination Systems (PB 293 987) * Tlumination of Jumbo Drills in Metal and Non-Metal Mines (PB 290905) ‘© The Design and Demonstration of a Longwall Illumination System (PB 299555) Orders should specify title and PB number. Prices vary from $ 4.50 to $11.00 US. Programmed instruction workbooks available on several topics relating to health and safety in coal mining, including a workbook on mine illumina- tion. Information on light sources incorporating unique features related to long, life, safety, colour rendition, etc. Information on AC or DC solid state flashers for indicator, alarm, and warning li Information on photometers. Information on the BEL Lightmaster Photometer. Information on low glare flexible fluorescent light strings operating on very high frequency and not requiring conventional wiring. Information on flame- and explosionproof products such as: compressed. air lamps and searchlights, motor vehicle lighting, cap lamps with charging facilites for use in coal mines Information on photometers,vsn S962 Os ‘=qnauaeiD "SdH 20 apqey ora ‘DAC UAHI9S €Z ‘ys Bunyqpooy Joy swweld 1y8H aIqeHOM parunoW-PryS Ho YOREULO;LT “dio au, pueygus, SE INA\ SoueT “wedi, 09 xon'O'd “soumur 10y yuoudmbs Sunyay joordsurey uo uoMEUO;U PIT 09 9 SOKO, peur 6AZ Ved one ‘Kangpng aang au0290 1S SITT “Oc A TI Buyanyep sited 1y8q paresado sre ayqeniod wo uoReMoyty Atddng plowoy, puejdua ‘DHL €S PRYTOUS “ITH Pow rwouTysTesa ‘funy sum uo peyoneU preasoy Sout Ut Kayes Surpmpsur “34°71 9 UY Sout feo UL Kayes pu yplEOY UO ArEIqy DABSUONKG, anunoaxg AIa]eS PUE MIEHL pareisu ALL ZA YopUOT “wopaury pan) aon] MoisdaqD ‘asnoH preuceg 2q) uP YON Te Sayes pue ype SumpreBas uoNe|SIB.] vO UO}TeUO;LT annnoaxg mages pure pe | ws Tp190 19 ‘puOseH, 199 xog'O'd “dureipeoy 1yStom1y—1] Uo uo}TeUO;UT rower ws. ex0ve VA “Bangsuensin Ae Ny 21, "soumur feoo-uou Ut “319 “82H CHT “ou [9QqnH KATH two Bumyonas soy qgeNns siyS4-pooy Uatorey-uarsBuNy Uo LoREULIO FUT vost SunyBrT aan “rom surkoasns wpa 1y8y aur 40} yeapy pure ‘ruousMy 240 9xp UY JeveUr soueEALANYT pare wujos €€ LAS SSuBUIUIN] payquioD HaYsWOIOYg TesiaAIUA| JaUBEH atp YO LOReWILO;UE ay sue sn 6120 VIN ‘SIYBIOH wrEyPIONN * S21Np2001d ‘onuAy PURTYBIH 199 faaing Sumy8rT punosSiapun, Fp{oog # ysMaNd ospy “SatTa [B09 105 “a0 ‘wySiy Pare qusosaiony pure ssIaWOIOYd ,,0D-ON/0D,, 247 UO UOREULO,U uauidojasody ABsoug [esaUaD sn “aueunwin] joosd-rorsopdxa we yeu 88181 AN “PHOJsITEM (or sompeutuimy ov sasua] Surqvas 405 sreTeas oUOORS YO WORIEMOSUT “ale SionpOs SUODMTS “'D ysn £610 VN ‘ssoaue, -soomos 1H snourea Jo uonezado arp BuiaH950p saqwag BunYry supayng Suusousug peranas ystiqnd ospy “saounos 18x] wo uoMEWLZO}UY rueaiks ALO ‘aIgeieAy TeHATEW ‘WORST PUR SUN, eat ‘y XIGNadaV184 Name and Location LIGHTING OF UNDERGROUND MINES. Material Available ITT Weaver 8676 Pennell Dr. St. Louis, MO 63114 USA {lumninating Engineering. Society (IES) 345 E. 47th St, New York, NY 10017 USA Institute for Research in Vision Ohio State University Columbus, OH USA International Electrotechnical ‘Commission Information Officer Central Office 1, rue de Varembe CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland International Light Inc. Dexter Industrial Green Newburyport, MA 01950 USA John Davis & Son (Derby) Ltd. ‘Alfreton Road Derby DE2 4AB England Johns-Manvill Holophane Division, Ken-Caryl Ranch Denver, CO 80217 USA, Kahl Scientific Instrument Corp. P.0.Box 1166 El Cajon, CA 92022 USA. Koehler Manufacturing Co, P.0.Box R ‘Marlborough, MA 01752 USA Information on luminaires for hazardous locations. Professional forum and qualifying body for illuminating engineers in the United States. Publish an official quarterly Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society (JIES) and monthly Lighting Design and Application. Also publish officially approved American Standard Practices, IES Recommended Lighting Practices, IES Lighting Data Sheets, Technical Committee Reports. Have just published IES Lighting Handbook-1981 Reference Volume and IES Lighting Handbook-1981 Application Volume, $90.00 U.S. for the set. Information on Visual Task Evaluator employed in flicker photometry. Publish ‘Standard for Safety of Electrical Installations in Open-Cast Mines (621—1)'. Single copies available for 24 Swiss francs. Information on photometers for research. Information on compressed air powered electric lamps suitable for use in ‘coal mines. Information on industrial luminaires and ballasts. Information on photometers. Information on cap lamps sources, including tungsten halide.“sous feoo ut asm s0§ soafeuuIN) UE ‘sdurey modes Aunououx pu “wnupos aunssoad ySty “wusosepuEsut Perunow -ounypeur ‘siaauoroyd 09-0N /o5 ‘sdure] deo ,ssouIUL UO HORBULIO}NT “smpworoy 05-0N /05 pur “ayspeay aunoeu reaosapuo saRUTIT, yusosouonyy paytnour sun|seur ‘sdure] deo srouTur iodssuyy uo uopeULOSUT “GT 100 01 unop) suop. woo SuLYaH Mo] LO} aqEHNS asouy SpNyou ‘sIB}OUE TY UO VOREWUOJUT “Sou yB0o ut asn soy soureutny auryDeUr Payn29 VHSW Supnyout sunny pue sdurey winypos pure Kamosaw Swuaoseiony uo uoReMLIOyAy “som fe09-4ou uu Supyfy, yup suru 405 sdurey wngpos amssaxd so} Uo UoReMHO;U -.uaisoq ‘waists Sunysry 10) eieg aiseg, ysHand osTy “sosTeUTUN] UO WoREMIO;] ‘syonposd Sunygy Jo ping s.a2hng, ¥ sonss] mopury ParUn ayp Wt pasmsemnuEMI wauIdiNbs SUNYsT Yo wOREULOSUT “simjaurojoyd wo woreULO;UL ‘srorauroroyd uo uojreWLOsUT vs SEZSI Wa “yBINgsHIg puexsjniog 491t3 utd 009 op sooumiiddy Kayes uN, vsn e02ze VA uoxBuy Dreaaqnog YOSIAA STOP 106 WOOY “E # FIMO], WOISTEG ‘woReWOyUT Jo 2140 wonesisranupy WWIPOHT pu Aaogeg OUI, purse, Nb 6IN HopUOT eoy KaswioH Peow ysnoroquEN s9I “pry wome8ay vysn TEST AM “UOrSDIsEND fs x00 uuones0di05 wry 3Hy epeue, 19 HIN oueIUO “ydaRD peo wosmed 9, sonmetsadg WOUNDITEL 7 TPOTUEUDOIN “WW ysn SOELO IN “AD Aossop soyowsr puedug Dad LIMS “vopuoT peow usiH wreureR 107 “pry wonesapag Ansnput 8un48'T vsn os89 AN "wOoU] Stbh XOW'O'd “prT L097 ‘Avena Jo auqndax reaped 01 WIE oOT-a 6 assensz0NWPH ON MEGeIEIEO °00 77 HLA quip smusaNssOUNUOTT LNT EUS YINOS 002 “8inqsauueyor SZIL OW 'O'd inqsouuegor ‘siBee(8ur] 2M PLOY JY VIEW 68 soroydsoune aueyout pri (fa) 40} saxpeutumy joord-uossoydxo Surpnyouy Bunyey eyIsNpus UO UOREUUOFUT sounsnpuy SunPT Uodse] BRBTEAY THHDTE 007 pu Ba sel » XIGNIddV186 LIGHTING OF UNDERGROUND MINES. Name and Location Material Available ‘Mineral Industry Research Organization of Canada P.O.Box 243, Suite 3310 Toronto, Ontario MSL 1E8 Canada ‘Mining Controls, Incorporated P.O. Box 1141 Beckley, WV 25801, USA George Moss (Pty.) Ltd. Box 136 Mt, Hawthorn W.A. 6016 Australia Munsell Color 2441 North Calvert Street Baltimore, MD 21218 USA National Mine Service Co. 4900 — 600 Grant Street Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA, National Safety News 444,N. Michigan Avenue Chicago, IL 60611 USA North Amerean Philips Lighting Corporation Bank Street Highstown, NJ 08520 USA Ocenco Ine. P.O.Box 8 101 Industrial Park Blairsville, PA 15717 USA Oldham Batteries Limited Denton Manchester M34 3AT England Optikon Corp. Lid. 410 Conestoga Road ‘Waterloo, Ontario N2L 4E2 Canada Oriel GmbH Im Tiefensee $8 D-6100 Darmstadt Federal Republic of Germany Information on cap lamps using tungsten halogen source. Information on machine lights certified for use in coal mining operations. Information on tight plants. Information on matte chips and swatches for use in reflectance measure- ‘ments by comparison with known standards. Information on incandescent cap lamps, flame safety lamps, machine- ‘mounted luminaires, MSHA approved mining lasers, compressed air operated safety lamps, and rock dusters, Exclusive agent for Wheat cap lamps in North America, Publish a monthly safety magazine with occasional articles relating to various aspects of mine lighting. Information on light sources including low pressure sodium, retrofitting for high pressure sodium, etc. Company known worldwide with only USA adress given here, Information on fluorescent cap lamps and machine luminaires. Information on tungsten filament cap lamps, and photometers for lamp- oom measurement of cap lamps. Information on the Pritchard, Spectra Spotmeter, Hagner and Photodyne photometers useful in mine lighting surveys. Calibration services on photo- meters. Information on standard light sources, power supplies and optical benches for photometer calibration.“Bunysy 2084 [209 soy suoddns Ter} Joord-se# oun pure joord-uowsojdxo we soomoemnuews osyy “Sur 00 10) Bupysy Aoua8saws pur saureuuin] joosd-uowsojdee Uo uOTEWOJUT “Buju jpenduoy 105 Sunysy wuadsazony ayes AqpeoisunN YO woREMIOUT “srojour janoy Uuoneuun! pur sis}aworoyd suns2;po10y a}qeod uo uOTeULTO}UT -a1ef8 uo mop 199 01 seamxgy Suny Supsix9 SuIjoxs 205 sued pazuejod uo woReULIO; “soueupung, Jo sjasaq Moy Suynseau 0} pouns AEINor ed si|WOOYA UO LOREM! “ore 10d pue a7eW AFT ‘PReYDI “ensads aur Surpnyouy ssoyouIOL0yd UO YOLENLIO;UL “souyeuyumy po8nu uo uoHeuLOyUT “suisishs wusosopuesuy Suns9Auod 307 Sqm, 14fy] Aamoso payseypeq- 98 pue ywadsaiony ‘yuaosepUBOU! UO TONEULOJU] aun ‘up apisuy souereq axnssaxd aya 20) popaou are aq sunayo Yorys JOU e UTED -uoo Sumy “suonipues aunyersdun SutKren sapun sosoydsoune Aisnp Uy ‘2aen soy SoureUTUN| SAH pue apyeY [eau “nodea Kanaraur wo LOrTEMLOJUT ‘upws09 Jo ognday [es9po usBuE13 0768-0 onze xO Oy suawals ‘Aueunioy Jo aqqndoy 1e10p>4 uuR we swHuOM 0265-0 quaqnyrerzads ayosiuysonyor7 ‘OM yonuos sfOpY sn ZOLSZ AM ‘vopBunUNy] eOU BARI ONO 709 ‘00 auMYDEIN 2010125 puejaug “THO OW 2215242U2 ‘soqoog ‘oun UOLEG “SY10N4 122d “pry swauinnsuy eoun29fa PLOITES, ys #2616 VO ‘98DUNION aMUDAY ZENO 1268 vousaury J0 “d05 pacisiod sn 1001 AN "0K ON Aempvorg Sul yoso104d vsn S0sT6 WO urequng, Ae Ny POOMAIOH YON OO0E “dio waBsoUTIOY Jo UOIsIAIT ‘yorwosay O70, vs 6OZES LA "224NEATIL wong MLZ MUON eFLY “ouy Aueduzod sionporg xTUBOU vsn zs080 £N ‘epeus aide Ise x08 “O'd “ouy ‘sionposg SunysrT xnpeuLIIg Pueut erent O0SPT-IS O1A1/SHOM ELEN ‘onysoreso WONSIEY "V SIGEHEAY TeLaTE, ‘womreD0"] pure urEN, y xIGNaad¥188 ‘Name and Location ‘Simplex-GE Lighting Ltd. Groveland Road Tipton DY4 7XB England ‘Tektronix Inc. P.O.Box 500 Beaverton, OR 97003 USA Thorn Lighting Ltd. ‘Thorn House Upper St. Martins Lane London WC2H 9ED England 3M Company Safety Systems Division St.Paul, MN 55101 USA P.O. Box 2144 Santa Monica, CA 90405 USA Universal Manufacturing Corp. P.O.Box 3028 Paterson, NJ 07509 USA. Urbis (Lighting) 8 Merton Industrial Park Lee Road London SW19 3XQ England Victor Products (Wallsend) Ltd, Norham Road West Chirton Industrial Estate, North Shields ‘Tyne and Wear NE29 7XW England Vortek Industries Ltd 1820 Pandora Street ‘Vancouver, B.C, VSL 1M6 Canada Wesiell P.O.Box 824 Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA United Detector Technology Inc, LIGHTING OF UNDERGROUND MINES. Material Available Information on flameproof lighting equipment for general lighting in underground mines using fluorescent Sources. Information on photometer Information on light sources including a new miner's cap lamp bulb giving a better controlled and more concentrated beam, One of the few manu- facturers of low pressure sodium lights, Information on retro-reflective tape “‘Scotchlite” brand # 9220 white, useful for marking hard hats, safety stations, machinery, etc Information on photometers for measurement of low illuminance levels. Information on ballasts for fluorescent and high intensity discharge lamps. Information on high pressure sodium luminaires stringing the luminaires in a continuous line, variat ‘minimized, tunnel lighting. By is in luminance are Information on intrinsically safe fluorescent lighting for Jongwail mining, and flameproof lighting equipment for general lighting in mines, using incandescent, fluorescent and mercury vapour luminaires. Information on vortex stabilized discharge lamps and light pipes. Information on solid-state computer lighting programs designed to work with a TI-S9 programmable calculator. Programs include modules for general interior lighting, point-by-point interior lighting, flood-lighting, roadway lighting, and cost analysis. Westell is a division of Westinghouse Electric Corp. pe _________iii_i_i_ _________,g,__-suraisAs Sunysy-pooy 2|qerod pu opgou uo orEMOsUL “sy ods praypuey uaBopey-zenb uo woHeMtZojU “sau 1200 ‘uy asm 30j Sunydy owa8souND pus somEuTUM Jwo9ssZON|F UO VOTTEULIOYUT “sopind InoyPEq Sulu pure sBup}TeUr 4728s 405 [RYas p09 qUIosDIONIJ UO LOTYEMLIOFUT “Yoogpueyy Sunysr7 asnoysunsony 2 uIpnpoUT ‘yeroyeU oousLOya BuUNYBH Inyesn usyqnd pue ‘dure qw2ssaiony padeys-p (yews ammpejnuew oy “ondopere sdure7] our & SuIpnyour ssosnos 1yBy| Uo worTeWZOFUT sn O€L67 DS “HNL 720¥ ivie X08 ‘O'd “uy tdy-diz vsn. 98926 VO “epurT eq:0, 68r Xog “raHuy BUY, pueyieg, a8 LAG eayskquaq, voIss>4I] Stuaey SHOU Buusooursu soisurA vysn 10810 WW “uungoyy, {Pang SeULOW OO “buy STAG wangnyy-s01Sq0U vsn £0040 EN “PI MHOOIg eze|g asnoysunsem™ 200 “diop sinsorg asnoysunso, araeReAY HITE, WOREOOT pue aUIEN 6a XIGNada¥Appendix 5 The International Commission on Mlumination (La Commission Internationale de PEclairage) The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) is an organization devoted to imerational cooperation and exchange of information among its member countries on all matters relating to the art and science of lighting. Its membership consists of 29 countries, each having a Na- tional Committee of individual members who devote their time and talent to the objectives of the organization. In addition, individuals from 9 other countries have Asso- Giate Member sats. ‘The objectives of the CIE are: ) To provide an international forum for the discussion Of all matters relating to science, technology and art in the fields of light and lighting. b) To develop basic standards and procedures of metrol- ‘ogy in the fields of light and lighting, ©) To provide guidance in the application of the basic principles and procedures to the development of inter- national and national standards in the fields of light and lighting. 4) To prepare and publish reports, recommendations and standards concerned with all matters relating to science, technology and art in the fields of light and lighting. ©) To maintain liaison and technical interaction with other international organizations concerned with matters related to science, technology and art in the fields of light and lighting. ‘The work of the CIE is carried on by 26 Technical Com- rmitiees, each of which is assigned to a member country. ‘These cover subjects ranging from those which involve basic and fundamental matters to all types of lighting ap- plications. The reports and guides developed by these jernational committees are possible only through an ‘organization such as the CIE and are accepted throughout the world. Technical Committee 4.10 is a separate com- mittee involved solely with the subject of mine lighting. It has 19 member countries and, at the time of writing, the chairmanship is assigned to Poland, ‘A Plenary Session of the CIE is held every four years at which the work of the committees is reviewed, reported and plans made for the future. Recent meetings have been: 17th 1971 Bareslona 18th 1975_London 19th 1979 Kyoto ‘The 20th session is slated for Warsaw in 1983, ‘The CIE is recognized as representing the authority on all aspects of light and lighting. As such it occupies an portant position among international organizations. In addition to the Plenary Sessions the Technical Com- fees meet annually. Scheduled meeting sites of TC-4.10 ‘Mine Lighting’ are: 1980 Katowice, Poland 1981 Beckley, W.Va., USA 1982 Johannesburg, South Africa 1983 Warsaw, Polandog Prezea qe, “eaeB0uQ ‘A8ojouyay 9 aduaIDS TeLASNPUT Jo KouDBY sooInosoy put Uuonnyfod 40} simnsUy YTE2s9y [EUOTEN o1ey OZIYS “3 ‘wodag ouoL 62101-1 ye aay tI8ap FING 0810) CuO, 1p oomusarod BBIOUIWY BUY IP OmmNNs] ‘OARS Ip 19 OIOAET [OP BzzaINOHS Pf 9d OND syeuRDAD *D “JOrd ‘een 21882199 ON, past aye83]9p ON, puspo1 yodepng 9p1[-H Sci Uy EERO, n1k83A, ig ea Te ‘caeduny pueyiaquunys0N PUSSTTEM, o1 Xo O'd OULU SIONPOId JOPIA orBUEDUTEDH ‘D rn) stom 0259 ZL asseng HAUT, ‘Oo uomups JIOPY SBA °€ “BUTI suqnday resepe ‘Aawmmse) 21e80]9P ON ouqnday snessoweg “KURU sued O9ESi-a 20:96 “dE spin “AY 61 24 9p SOUITN S9p 2TeDxpUAG D1qUIEUD puod 'D aout ndwmyo.no o0se8-4S ut ndN{OING, £0 ndumyxo1nd, WOUPPPH A peed {0H OfLz-NC 881 ‘2peSPINOH MOH esiag AsMDARISAT 0/9 {Ruel 40 OLE SI BromnoymeE AIO 2p Jo santo feUOHEN YeAdISOyI—z 0/9 sexe] "W “SU ‘sppeAoysou>e7) EVE Ver 2aqand) ‘reanuory pang Auss9nmun ogpe Aysz9AuN) HOW Suusourdug eorsanTeIW @ BUTI Jo “KE9q, seHOXL “CJo1d ‘pou. Byos, zI9 xr Od 801 HsPSAOYEA ‘aFexePed.| 9P aIe8|N [PUONEN FINLOD 0/9 s2yHmeD 5 “But wuesing sre8ay9p ON, wana are82]9p oN, euisay £542 “M'S'N Atsapuopuoy voy Sz2puopUOT ZEL sou 50 1uounLedeq MSN omy “fT yensny saapejuasaiday 4104) pus soUjUNOD JOqUIEW -auny8q] panosBrapun pus “Bunya 3n9,se9-uado “uousunseour sinowoIoyd Jo spousal pusuTLuO291 OL,“ “ABojourmay Sunyay oun uo yodar yeoruyser v amedaid OL *f “Suny By aus 10) souapIn YSTARIS OL “yuowonoxdut ajqyssod 405 seaze Butys!|qeIS9 105 sored Suny] autur Jo Kaams apt POM B xLU OL “T wesdorg Suppor “pawojdxs Butq axe yous $208) aura Jo Bunysy ay) o1 seyNoNTed wr pure suman jo Sunudy amp Jo szzodse fewwowepuny ayy Ap aouas9youl Jo SUID, 20S11H SURH “IN yawn = (SUA SOp aserTB|G) Buys OMA OTOL iet = xIaNadav OOOO |192. LIGHTING OF UNDERGROUND MINES ‘Netherlands Drs. F. Burghout Nederlandse Stichting voor Verlichtingskunde Utrechtseweg 310 NL-Amhem Norway No delegate Poland A. Peretiatkowicz 40.855 Katowice ul, Gliwicka 111. Portugal No delegate Rumania Eugenia Sufrim c/o Comité National Roumain de l’Eclairage Calea Victorie: 118 Bucuresti South Africa Mr. R. Hemp ‘Rand Mines Ltd. P.O.Box 62370 Marshalltown 2107 Spain S, Perez Cutillas Comité Espafiol de Illuminacién Serrano 121 USA Cecil E. Lester Mine Safety and Health Administration P.O.Box 1166 Bldg F. Beckley, WV 25801 USSR V.L Serov ¢/o USSR National Committee of the CIE SOVMEK Gorky Street 11 Moscow ‘Yugoslavia No delegate President: A. Peretiatkowicz (Poland) ‘Sub-Committees and Leaders ‘Mine Lighting Measurement (SC-4.10.A) Dr.-Ing. Weis ‘Adolf Schuch KG ‘Mainzer StraBe 172 D-6520 Worms Germany ‘Open Cast/Cut Lighting (SC-4.10.B) K. Whitehead Bituminous Coal Research, Inc. 350 Hochberg Road Montoe Ville, PA 15146 ° USA Mine Luminaires (SC-4.10.C) Prof. D. Trotter Dept. of Mining & Metallurgical Engineering ‘McGill University 3480 University Street ‘Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7 Canada 1Addins Sapa ZUNE any afte ‘watetsed sammuoneig easy Sunysit paxta eu Memsuoy aye SareuRU anypnaygenng ap adurey sed ecpaeiaiaey ‘arpudsouny sapord sups089pe] ssfper Bui sBrqmysuosojdy ——auauydsouny : SSS Ee ‘yenaquaqnap) xen Bannypn9| unos pug oct UTD een ASU — seyryad adurey ~sagssnod oa anpnay xt ayureig n Seppe —gyquso anbun snyeredde eon ampppaneas son] soBtupypseg 29 PURI 2 PPB gupey wep sone sisuanx9 ausmpods sean peel see sanrensies ameunny] ——_uvaq-poosg, spsseajdosy — -ord ameunamy Ex oR /megBiog wt op wo 209, Sumpuowtry mz ‘uonvorde owes ‘uonedissip uaro14}209 anyenoT UH 405/ swoysuoIsTyyiCL 2 20\pU WORT susssepsing apie aduey © due ponouddy WeULI3E) ypuany ysyaug ‘UeULIOD ‘yousny sao -yayosn 2g Aeus £80 -yourus2i Suny sun wateamnbe Jo uop2=f09 SupHoTo, un suapeaz aso) djey 0 .2pio Uy “ysTsU you st ensue] upjaon jeuLGH 2F0GN ss=peD3 } FETUS 9q 30 Aout yoo siIp Ur pan ABoTOUMD) SupYs uu oy) Jo BwOS “sua, SuNysr] AUNAL PI}2[9g auIOS Jo Axeu0nsiq weuesy — youary — ysysoq 9 xipuaddy194 LIGHTING OF UNDERGROUND MINES, English French German English French German Flameproof _Enveloppe anti-_Druckfeste Mine lighting Eclairage des Grubenbeleuch- enclosure déflagrante—_Kapsclung mines {ane be. veker = rewed Flickerlight Feu papillotant _Blinkerleuchte ievchtung Gassy mine Mine grisouteuse_Schlagwetter- Lampe sur Lichinetz- sgefahrdeter réseau leuchte obec Réseau d'éclai- Stationares Hazardou Emplacement Explosi ‘aoe fae Vena saree ‘pefardeter Matériel ectri- Oberdruckgekap- Bereich {que & surpression seltes elektrisches interne Betriebsmittel High-rliability Lampe de séeu- Ethohte Feu éclats —_Blitefeuer lamp rité augmentéeSicherheits- Feu scintilant — Flimmericht Teuchte Feu papillotant _Funkelfever Individual Edlarage ‘Arbeitsplatz- Emplacement str_Sicherer Bereich ne locals ee Safety lighting Eclairage de Sicherhits- (Gecurity sireté beleuehtung Intrinsically _Alimenteur____‘Funkensicherer lighting) Eclairage de —_Notbeleuchtung safe power supply d’éclairage 4 _Beleuchtungs- secours iateqe “omer Selfcontained Lampe & Leuchte mit luminaire alimentation _Figenspeisung Lamp enclosure Enveloppe d'une Lampengehause autonome lampe Selfservice Bane de charge _Eigenbedienungs- ee a ee lampe Sinking lamp Lampe de puits _ Schachtlampe Light efficacy Rendement Leuchten- Storage racks Support destiné Gestelle zur of luminaire” optique d'un ——_wirkungsgrad austockage et Lampen- luminaire distribution aufbewahrung Lighting circuit Réseau d’éclairage Lichtnetz und -aunzabe 5 Temporary R&sau Transportables Lighting ‘Accessoires _‘Beleuchtungs- P rar ; 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SemTPPINO, ze ‘9-51 (AID) aSemepat ‘2p afeuonewaIUT YoIssUIIIOD OL s80100S 14BII JO ox dqwlouess ‘suosuediw0D Te 702 worst itt “or-eor “€-20r "y9._sangeraduied $48 Suyopuos 9-5§ Jo sayp TeaRojoyDKsd 06-62 "2-492 Jo WordaD1ed “snoj0, o1-so1 sayausoyoud pa13e1s09 :n}0) HOE. p09 mo109 Te _ssoupuna anojop 5-86 BuqyBit 3983 1D oo-6st “ert _someumy jo SumTeT 9-5 sousosauuunTNDY oft aushdorstD EIT woo! wonesqHe 1°, Te-6_[euais ‘fuyusen jONSNOTE IH ree6e ‘6, 1ooUTET stun 28 ‘64 ua8oyey arenb Tle ‘Ose wadsaONY Is-61 peauds urtaq Jo yonu09 28 “186, 70 6 ‘sdwiey de> S671 anand wonnaynsp rest semodaqpur> -91_womuigap “(p9) B=pUED Tot jo éoemnaoe ‘uore|na7e (09 por wong pot Suduropes xn 09 sed dare ‘sqrnet 9¢ Sues S21 wonyuyap ‘ssounUsi ELEC ‘PO SCZ EME Ses UH ME 68 susTUg e-2a "Tao peoids areas, b9e page Kopreg eeu" sung uonea 91 8s pos Ete squne EZL Bunseeq owas EL soussajaru ompes €td_wauno funeodo $21 s1p09 310 oT E7L Sdurey oF paysyeut ant spinpums fume tues €% sPeon aun ez nino 8H EL. ah due €%L Jo Surpunoss 2 Jo Sursny tL 194 Jo ss £2. deo supIR ft d8eyR2| war Ete 24008 CTL ‘59 SISRTIP Sexi sodas wntney Tost suRKoyer aBes28y ict soueurwiny wei ‘611 soueuTu ‘tsi ‘sz soueuruny ‘puno1ayaeq 282I2Ky SSL '69 °99 ‘09, SUB uosIy sre Funyty ey SLE gynsody 24 (ISNV) aumunisuy sprepaeig jeuoneN ueouatry S€5 (HID) sistuo1aH Teynismpuy Tewusutus2105 Jo soupzaJuon wey Loe ‘vel ‘eet sw, ‘uma uF swauodwoo wnamNTY 8-951 souEIOaYPE YOO BULHIY rep “ep "P2z 969 oun jo woneidepy IL suénpoou TOL sdurdes 2uayciooy Tor suemamseou uy Ost “ryt _suomenoes uy Konsncoy 6-82 'y7z 242 ‘uorTepounGOY TOs rev ‘swwepHoy 0s s10390 ‘Bupnquuos ‘swapHoV ‘By Sefpmis 1w2p!oy 8-49 ‘T86L ‘1-90 "01-69 £99 '€9 OA sTSIAA OV SSI "PI tones uondiosay XdQNI198 LIGHTING OF UNDERGROUND MINES rom ia Photometry Glossary of lighting terms. 165-72 Lamps, Argon. 60 scidetal 108, Goniometer "1223 Baery operated fluorescent condition 113 co) constant 108 Headights, mercury vapour 848 colour improved 678 ine response of photocell sodium vapour B48 comparison of sources 702 1102, 111 Heat defector 60 compressed ait 63 fatigue & wear 12 Helium gas 66 fleet cap 39 Inverse square law eror 110 Het 167 efficacy of line, voltage 61 minimization of "108 High intensity Dincarge lamps tuminance, te 60-1 blige illumination 1102 (HID) 5355, 67-8, 689, Eliptical Atiminized Reflector peator technique 113-4 1612 (EAR), glare 74 Photocll calfration | 19-10 Horizontal luminance caleulations ituminance 74 physical photometric error 109 145-7, 151-2 transfer point 74 probable eror formal for °X? principal 74 foes luminance 15.5, 16.7 extended service 61-3 seale 112 measurement of 19 fluorescent 3-5, 65, 161-2 Shortterm 108 luminance ditbution of advantages 1.3 ‘ystemate 108 amines 147-50 cap. 3940, 81.2 Enthema 3-5 Iumiesnce variation and mounting cirelar 65, 91-3 Eye, adapaton of 224,43, 43-4 heights 1457 old cathode 65,935 Tation "28 ena horizontal plane 147 lou rendition "4s operation of 19, 202 Isminating Engineering Sockely Lamps, fuoreseet ont’ Exhaust tube 1145 ES) disadvantages 66 IES Code 43 hot cathode 65 | TES Lighting handbook 445 petting characteristics 68 Fatality rates 48 ‘Mlumination heat 53-5, 61-3, 64 | Field, visual 19-20 ‘luminometer, MacBeth 124-7 hhigh pressure sodium (HPS) Filament 11 Incandescence, definition $9 38-40, 69-70 breakage 11-12 Incandescent lamps 59 high intensity discharge (HID) coiled 60.1 Incident angle 124-7 618, 16-2 construction 60-1 Indium Oxide 66 incandescent 59, 161-2 Fiedamp 5,56 ; Infrared energy 3-5 instant start 63 ae eee Initial lumens 144 krypton 60, 61-3 st Inverse Square Law 110, 145-7 low presse sodiam 6, 161-2 Fleker of ight, sual response Inver bast Ba operating characteristics 66-7 2627 Todi, sodim,thalium & indium advantages 67 Flsker photometry 1145 3 andlepower distribution 148 Floodlamp 1 Todine cycle, tungsten halogen disadvantages 67 Floodlighting 75-6, 127-9 lamps 64 disposal of old tubes 67 Flux 15-6, 167 Won, contour tines 1204 haulageway hininare “148 Footcandle (fe) 15, 144 nn lite 7981 Footlambert 15, 1736 Greed tod machine mounted, quart Fovea 202 Seen hagen 848 French curve 1204 Papen tungsten lament 04-8 Frequency 26-7 map 120-1 ‘mounting techniques 84-8 plan 120-1 mercury vapour 53-5, 68-9, ‘Gamma light waves 53-5 plot 120-1 161-2 Gardens, underground 535 metal halide 67-8, 69 Genera lighting 135-5 Jebing 55,6 teal halogen 6 161-2 Grrrl energy photometer mounting eights, high 901, | Host Owe 35,913, 132 ohx (kt, defsion 16.7 ow 890, 1041 j avoidance of 39-40, 41 Krrmton gas’ 60, 61-3, Oldham cap trap 79-1 control of aby glare 36, Parabolic Aluminizd Refetor us Lamp spacing 150 (PAR) 74 discomfort glare 36, 445 postion 158-9 rerury vapour 74 types of 35-6, 468 Lamps, construction 60 guar halogen 14 rettion of 389 flame safety 59, 613 Eungsten amen 74 sucesve | 3636-8 tases for 60 permanently mounted 88.9 ses, safety 4 Ultraviolet, exposure to 33-5 personal 133 aTet Aoenaoe pI 20198} wonduosqe Tel sBeurep wwowdrnbe pue S-s¢ :SunuBH ou Ose preg ou S-£5 ABiouo axeMorny, 211 ‘yor ssreuuror ST syun ono oH 'S-£6 "6x. “E9149 30} Suny aygerns ECL" suo|so|dxo weynsos TU TOLL '9 SE soumm yw09 wr a0uasaud E- Suoysssiio ususuz2A08 § woneuquns ve siduone ‘sueyr2yy 9 sdumm tuaoss1ony up anodes Anos) Wreti aoue9yar pumos®s=pun TzI_ powou susqoy StI “OTT suenayas Torr amd ae Eve yer ‘TreI ‘ett soueuIN] 121 sousr20qjeu Ksovesoge 611 sowounun Tol stnewowoyd ‘swuouAseo 601 fo Semns0e ‘sruoUEINSR Tt amp TeL 9snypp “ryBy Jo woUBINSTPy ‘Yel SUBUINY Tey Te aasoyar-one Te wsosioydsoyd Je tposexony ‘SToHEIEH ores Bem O51 “E-ZhL stasis Supt gone Jo souwuacTEH S61 E-ZPT sO} souRUANUIEN CYT appv uiNSsUB 64ST ‘Let sou xT £91 wonmauep “(xp x07 LST Aysoayay 91'9-st xn €9 Aovoue snounuiny SLI Aysourwny 1 sougepms aouwuruanyy ss SO] Tensia “Anowor0yd lel 40 wouzsnswou ‘OP 291008 moj £91 vonmyap StI 0198) uoys:aau6> TEL SLL “LT St soceNENT 6.1 ynow Opes ‘Eer1 soceurUEU 656. ayes Aaeopsuuny‘sonpeuIN, Os-uvt ‘vel ‘18-62 Indino 951 ‘SSI suomretnoye> powr=U OS-651 ‘yet someuauteur Yet _uoneraidap E91 wonrayep ‘(wp wou 6-8Z_WOIIA II] MOT 156 3788 Aqpopsuurut $66 joordaumy 16. 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UNDERGROUND MINES basic theory 145-7 ‘cenification services 133-4 codes 131-2 cost 131-2 corrected point by point calculations 150 design 141 design values 144 difficulties 141 ‘economic considerations 161-2 effect on worker productivity, safety and morale 47, 131-2 experimental 74-6 ‘guidelines (CIE) 132, 138-9 hhaulageway 40 history TES zonal cavity system 154 illuminance distribution of luminaires 147-60 installation 158.9 installation difficulties 141 Jamp tilt angle 142 line voltage 141 fongwail 91-3 lumen method (formula) 154 maintenance 142-3, 159-60 manufacturing standards 142 Neolithic age 1-2 paint, whitewash 158 relation to accidents 48.9 safety 131-2 specifying lighting levels 133 stope 52-3 variations in lumen output 144 Mine lighting, standards for: ‘Australia 133 Belgium 133 British Columbia 133 ‘Canada 133-4 Caechoslovakia 134 Federal Republic of, Germany 134 Hungary 134 Poland. 138 United Kingdom 136 United States 137-8 Mine ligt sources, comparison 70-2 ‘Mine Safety and Health ‘Administration (MSHA) 122 Mine ventilation 143 Minimum tight level 131-2 Minimum luminance measurement technique 121-2 luminance standards 122 measured illuminance 122 ing Industry Research ‘Organization of Canada (MIROC) & Molybdenum 60 Mounti 145.7 heights of tuminaires Nanometer (nm) 17, 22 Neon gas. 66 Nickeliron alloy 60 battery 12-3 \Nickel-plated copper 60 Nitrogen gas 60 Night vision 28-9 [Nystagmus, conveyor belt ‘optokinetic 26 ‘miners illness 26, 59 ‘occupational 26, 53 Perception 29 colour 22 depth 24 speed of 26 Performance, ight intensity, effects of 48 Performance, visual 35, 52 Peripheral lighting 43 Personal lighting changes 12-3 Phosphor-coated bulbs 69 Phosphorescence $ Photocell 101 Photochemical transformers 22 Photoconjunctivitis 54 Photodiodes silicon 103 vacuum 103 Photoluminescence, definition 59 Photoluminescent lamps 59 Photometer reference standard 1056 Photometric measurement errors: Photographic photometry errors 4 Physical photometry error: accidental, to minimize 108 ambient condition 113 ‘constant 108 cosine response of photocell 110-1 fatigue and wear error 112 Inverse Square Law error 110 oblique illumination 111 operator technique 113 photocell calibration 109 physical photometric error 109 probable error (formula) 108-9 scale 112 short-term 108 systematic 108 Visual photometry errors: 114 colour contrast error 114 ‘contrast sensitivity error 115 operator technique error 116 ‘operator variability 115 test plate diffusion 115, Photometers 16, 23, 101-17 calibration 109-10 cosine corrected 110-2 Photometers, special 104 for lumen output of cap lamps 104 "Go/No Go’ 104, 122, Visual task evaluator (VTE) 104 Photometers, visual 105, balance principal 105-6 Lummer-Brodhun cube 105-6 McBeth Itluminometer 105-6 Salford Electrical Instruments 107.8 training 105-6 Photometry, photographic 104-5 physical ‘102, types of errors 108 visual 10 Photometric balance 105 Photometric measurements 109, 119 Photomultiplier tubes 103, 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