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Paradigma Creºterii Endogene. Implicaþii Privind Teoria ºi Politica Economicã
Paradigma Creºterii Endogene. Implicaþii Privind Teoria ºi Politica Economicã
Paradigma Creºterii Endogene. Implicaþii Privind Teoria ºi Politica Economicã
Gabriel Staicu
Asistent universitar doctorand
Liviu-Ctlin Moraru
Lector universitar doctor
Abstract. The role played by endogenous growth models in growth literature might be analyzed from
two perspectives. In the first place, is it emphasized the necessity to replace the hypothesis of perfect
competition with monopolistic competition in every mathematical model. Secondly, there is no scientific
argument to accept the assumption of unconditional income convergence among countries. Taking into
consideration empirical evidence and theoretical arguments, we tried to demonstrate that, once we
accept the existence of increasing returns, there is only a little place for convergence all over the world.
From this perspective, we can accept the hypothesis of convergence only for some categories of countries
characterized by homogeneity as regards institutional arrangement and geographical position.
Key words: endogenous growth; increasing returns; economic convergence; knowledge difusion; institutions.
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unde:
a este o constant pozitiv i (1-m) este partea din stocul
dat de capital uman angajat n acest sector. Prin urmare, m
i partea de H sunt determinante n creterea stocului de
cunotine.
1.2 Modelul cu capital uman
Acest model are la baz doar un sector economic cu doi
factori de producie: capital fizic i capital uman. Funcia
de producie este de tipul funciei Cobb-Douglas:
y t = k at h1t- a
y t = ct + s t + q t
Acumularea de capital tehnic este identic cu cea din
modelul lui Solow:
k t +1 - k t = s y t i
h t +1 - h t = q y t
unde:
Et reprezint nivelul tehnologic disponibil n economia
respectiv la momentul t, K este stocul de capital fizic, iar
H este stocul de capital uman dat, fr a fi specificat un
orizont temporal. m reprezint partea din stocul de capital
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n care:
Et reprezint un parametru de eficien ce reflect
procesul nvrii prin experien i este o funcie a
capitalului total din economie (K*):
E t = a K *tb ,
unde:
a i b sunt constante pozitive.
Prin utilizarea celei de-a doua relaii n cadrul primei,
obinem:
Yt = a K *tb K at Pt(1- a )
Mecanismul
de ghidare
a creterii
HarrodDomar
Investiia n
capitalul fizic
Solow
Investiia n
capitalul fizic
Alocarea de
capital uman
ntre
sectoare,
investiia n
capitalul fizic
Investiia n
capitalul fizic
i uman
Investiia n
capitalul fizic
i learning
by doing
Progres
tehnologic
endogen
Modelul
capitalului
uman
Modelul
externalitilor
tehnologice
Procesul
de
cretere
endogen?
Da
Nu
Da
Da
Da
Convergen/ divergen
Rata de
cretere
Neutralitate
condiionat
(s=i)
Convergen
necondiionat
Divergen
condiionat
(H, g, a)
Nivelul
venitului
Divergen
condiionat
(Y iniial)(3)
Divergen
condiionat(4)
Divergen
condiionat(5)
Neutralitate
condiionat
(s, q, a)
Divergen
condiionat
Divergen
condiionat
Divergen
condiionat
69
70
Srac
1,2
Medie
1,8
Bogat
2,6
2,2
71
72
73
Note
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Bibliografie
De Long, J. B., Productivity Growth, Convergence and Welfare:
Comment, American Economic Review, December, 1988
Easterly, W., Levine, R. Its not Factor Accumulation: Stylized
Facts and Growth Models, World Bank, 2000
Gwartney, J., Holcombe, R. G., Lawson, R. Economic Freedom,
Institutional Quality, and Cross-Country Differences in
Income and Growth, Cato Journal, vol. 24, no. 3 (Fall 2004)
Heston, A., Summers, R., The Penn World Trade: An Expanded
Set of International Comparisons, 1950-1988, Quarterly
Journal of Economics 1991, pp. 327-368
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