15/10/2015

InterruptsBIOSCentral

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InterruptsareusedtodemandattentionfromtheCPU.Thereareprocessor,hardwareandsoftwaredriveninterrupts.ThePCwasdesignedasan
interruptdrivensystem.CommunicationsbetweentheCPU,hardwareandsoftwareoccursbymeansofofflagsorinterruptswhichsignalwhena
deviceorpieceofsoftwareneedsattentionfromtheCPU.ThePCislimitedto256interruptseachofwhichreceivesanumber.TheProgrammable
InterruptController(PIC)controlswhichinterruptgetstheattentionoftheCPUandwhen.Basically,thelowernumberedinterruptsreceiveattention
fromtheCPUbeforethehighernumberedinterrupts.ThePCinterruptscanbedividedintosixcategories:

CompaqDesktopSystems
DiagnosticandPOSTErrors
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BiosCentralForums

1.ProcessorInterruptsInterrupts00hto07harecalledbytheprocessordirectly,butcanalsobecalledfromsoftwareusingtheINTinstruction.

BIOSBasics
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Compaq

2.HardwareInterruptsThehardwareinterruptsdifferfromallthesoftwareinterruptsinthattheyhaveadirectchanneltotheprocessorthorough
anInterruptRequestLineorIRQ.Thereare16IRQlinesonPC's(thereare8IRQlineson8086/8088basedcomputers).Theselinesarehardwired
Eurosoft/Mylex onthemotherboardanddirectlyaccesstheprocessor.The8259ProgrammableInterruptControllerorPIConthemotherboardmanagesallthe
FaradayA
hardwareinterrupts.Thesecontrollersreceivetherequestsfromthevariousdevicesandpasstherequestalongtotheprocessorafterconverting
Tease
themtospecificinstructions.
Dell

DTK

BIOSInt13ErrorCodes
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Interrupts

HP
IBM
Landmark
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NCR

Thisallowsadeviceorsubsystemtoworkinthebackgrounduntilaparticulareventoccursthatdemandsattention,likeakeystrokeorsound.An
interruptiscreatedbyassertingalogiclevelonanInterruptRequest(IRQ)line.Thislinesareaccessedfromanyofthecomputersbusslots.AnXT
computerhad8IRQ's,whiletheATprovides16.TheselinesarecontrolledthroughtheProgrammableInterruptControllerwhichinturntriggersthe
desiredinterruptrequesttotheCPU.BelowisalistingofthehardwareinterruptsforaPCcompatiblecomputer:

Olivetti

IRQ
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Phillips
Phoenix
Quadtel
Supersoft
Tandon
Zenith
Intel
Motherboards:
CA810E
CC820
SE440BX2
D810E2CB
D810EMO
D815BN
D815EEA
D815EPEA
D820LP
SE440BX
SR440BX
JN440BX
LB440GX/L440GX
N440BX/NA440BX
OR840
T440BX
RC440BX
VC820

Interrupt
08h
09h
0Ah
0Bh
0Ch
0Dh
0Eh
0Fh
70h
71h
72h
73h
74h
75h
76h
77h

Function
SystemtimerIC
KeyboardcontrollerIC
SecondIRQcontrollerIC
Serialport2(COM2:2F8h2FFhandCOM4:2E8h2EFh)orhardwaremodemuse
Serialport1(COM1:3F8h3FFhandCOM3:3E8h3EFh)orserialportmouseuse
Parallelport2(LPT2:378hor278h)orgeneraladapteruse(typicallyusedforsoundcards)
Floppydiskcontroller
Parallelport1(LPT1:3BCh[mono]or378h[color]
RealtimeclockorRTC
Unused(redirectedtoIRQ2)
USBonsystemssoequipped(canbedisabled)orgeneraladapteruse
Windowssoundsystemonsystemssoequipped(canbedisabled)orgeneraladapteruse
Motherboardmouseportonsystemssoequippedorgeneraladapteruse
Mathcoprocessor
PrimaryAT/IDEharddiskcontroller
SecondaryAT/IDEharddiskcontrolleronsystemssoequipped(canbedisabled)orgeneraladapteruse

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AnATsystemsusesIRQ2onthemotherboardsoinsteadofleavingitempty,IRQ9nowiswiredtothisIRQ,ineffect,cascading,orredirecting,the
IRQ.SoIRQ9isnowredirectedtoIRQ2.Whenainterruptrequestismade,theCPUsavesthecurrentstateofregistersinasmallamountof
memorycalledthestack,thentheCPUisdirectedtotheinterruptvectortable,whichisalistofprogramlocationsthatrepresenteachinterrupt.Here,
theCPUlocatestheinterrupthandlerforthedesiredinterruptrequestandexecutestheroutine.Oncethedesirestaskisfinished,thepriorregister
contentsarepoppedfromthestacktheyarebeingheldinandtheCPUwillcontinuewithit'staskitwasperformingpriortotheinterrupt.
3.SoftwareInterruptsTheseinterruptsaregeneratedbytheROMBIOSduringthestartupofthecomputer.Theseinterruptsareusedforgeneral
lowlevelservices.
4.DOSInterruptsTheseinterruptsareavailablewhenDOSisrunningandprovideadditionalroutinesforenhancedaccesstodevicesandother
resources.
5.ROMBasicInterruptsTheseinterruptsareavailablewhenBasicisrunning.
6.GeneraluseInterruptsTheseinterruptsareavailableforusebyotherprograms.
InterruptVectorTableWhenpowerisappliedtoacomputer,thePOSTprocedurecreatesatableofinterruptvectorsthatis1024bytesandcontains
amaximumof256interrupts.Thistablelistspointerstointerruptserviceroutines.Theinterruptvectortablestartsatmemorylocation0000:0000h
andendsat0000:03FCh.Aninterruptvectorisa4bytevalueoftheformoffsetsegment,whichrepresentstheaddressofaroutinetobecalledwhen
theCPUreceivesaninterrupt.TheinterruptvectortableisfirstinitializedbythestartupROMbutchangesaremadetoit'scontentsasthefirstROM
Extensionsandlatertheoperatingsystemfilesareloaded.Theabilitytoupdatethecontentsoftheinterruptvectortableprovidesameanstoeasily
expandoperatingsystemservices.

Interrupt
00h
01h
02h
03h
04h

Address
0000:0000h
0000:0004h
0000:0008h
0000:000Ch
0000:0010h

http://www.bioscentral.com/misc/interrupts.htm

Type
Processor
Processor
Processor
Processor
Processor

Function
DivideByZero
SingleStep
NonmaskableInterrupt(NMI)
BreakpointInstruction
OverflowInstruction

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15/10/2015

InterruptsBIOSCentral
05h
05h
06h
07h
08h
08h
09h
09h
0Ah
0Ah
0Ah
0Bh
0Bh
0Ch
0Ch
0Dh
0Dh
0Dh
0Eh
0Eh
0Fh
10h
10h
11h
12h
13h
14h
15h
16h
17h
18h
18h
19h
1Ah
1Bh
1Ch
1Dh
1Eh
1Fh
20h3Fh
40h
41h
42h
43h
44h45h
46h
47h49h
4Ah
4Bh6Fh
70h
71h
72h
73h
74h
75h
76h
77h

0000:0014h
0000:0014h
0000:0018h
0000:001Ch
0000:0020h
0000:0020h
0000:0024h
0000:0024h
0000:0028h

0000:002Ch
0000:0030h
0000:0034h

0000:0038h
0000:003Ch
0000:0040h
0000:0044h
0000:0048h
0000:004Ch
0000:0050h
0000:0054h
0000:0058h
0000:005Ch
0000:0060h
0000:0064h
0000:0068h
0000:006Ch
0000:0070h
0000:0074h
0000:006Ch
0000:007Ch
0000:0080h0000:00FCh
0000:0100h
0000:0104h
0000:0108h
0000:010Ch
0000:0110h0000:0114h
0000:0118h
0000:011Ch0000:0124h
0000:0128h
0000:012Ch0000:01BCh
0000:01C0h
0000:01C4h
0000:01C8h
0000:01CCh
0000:01D0h
0000:01D4h
0000:01D8h
0000:01DCh

BIOS/Software
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Hardware
Hardware
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Hardware
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Hardware
Hardware
Hardware
Hardware
Hardware
Hardware
Hardware
Hardware
Hardware
Software
Software
Software
Software
Software
Software
Software
Software
Software
Software
Software
Software
Software
Software
Software
Software
Software
Software
User
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PrintScreen
BoundsException(80286,80386)
InvalidOpCode(80286,80386)
MathCoprocessorNotPresent
DoubleExceptionError(80286,80386)(ATOnly)
SystemTimerIRQ0
KeyboardIRQ1
MathCoprocessorSegmentOverrun(80286,80386)(ATOnly)
IRQ2CascadefromSecondprogrammableInterruptController
InvalidTaskSegmentState(80286,80286)(ATOnly)
IRQ2GeneralAdapterUse(PCOnly)
IRQ3SerialCommunications(COM2)
SegmentNotPresent(80286,80386)
IRQ4SerialCommunications(COM1)
StackSegmentOverflow(80286,80386)
ParallelPrinter(LPT2)(ATOnly)
IRQ5FixedDisk(XTOnly)
GeneralProtectionFault(80286,80386)
IRQ6DisketteDriveController
PageFault(80386Only)
IRQ7Parallelprinter(LPT1)
Video
NumericCoprocessorFault(80286,80386)
EquipmentList
MemorySize
FixedDisk/Diskette
SerialCommunication
SystemServices
Keyboard
ParallelPrinter
LoadROMBasic(PCOnly)
ProcessBootFailure(XT,AT)
BootStrapLoader
TimeofDay
KeyboardBreak
UserTimerTick
VideoParameterTable
Disketteparametertable
VideoGraphicsCharacters
ReservedforDOS
DisketteBootRevector
FixedDiskParameterTable
EGADefaultVideoDriver
VideoGraphicsCharacters
Reserved
FixedDiskParameterTable
Reserved
UserAlarm
Reserved
IRQ8RealTimeClock
IRQ9RedirectCascade
IRQ10GeneralAdapterUse
IRQ11GeneralAdapterUse
IRQ12GeneralAdapterUse/PS/2Mouse
IRQ13MathCoprocessorException
IRQ14PrimaryHardDiskController
IRQ15SecondaryHardDiskController/GeneralAdapterUse

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