BSI BS*499: PARTS) 02 MM Ub24bb9 0572460 O73 mw A BRITISH STANDARD BS 499: a ——— oe: a= | Part 1: 1991 | Incorporating Amendment No, 1 Welding terms and symbols Part. 1. Glossary for welding, brazing and thermal cutting {Dc ea. oa +862 uh No COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW —_———_—_—_———_— Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 170030 1986BSI BS*499: PART#2 U2 MMM 2b24bb9 057216) 737 mm ‘OS 499: Part 1: 1991 Foreword ‘This Part of 8S 499 has been prepared under the of the Welding Standards Policy Committee. This edition Introduces technical changes but it does not reflect a full 1 oF revision of the standard, which will be un taken in due course It replaces BS 499 : Part 1 : 1983 which is withdrawn, There is, at present, considerable amount of activity in the field of weldina terminoloay in both European and international standardization and it was considered necessary to allow time for this work to be eetabliched before instituting a complate rovcion of ‘this glossary. In the meantime, however, some amendment was felt to be necessary to keep the glossary up to date “The chiet changes made were dhe addition of terms associated with robotic welding, amendments to the time and pressure diagrams for some resistance welding Process, the deletion of the subsection containing terms relating 10 forge welding and the addition of a figure showing a comparison of the designation of welding Positions in the UK and internationally. ‘The glossary is arranged in classified sections similar to hove of the previous edition. This layout ‘possible to find either aterm to convey ‘meaning or, in conjunction withthe alphabetical index, the meaning of a particular term. Itis apparent, therefore, that considerable advantages a ced over 1 purely alphabetical list of terms which presupposes knowledge of the trm in question, CCharts showing the derivation of welding, cutting and allied processes ate yiven in figures 1, 2 end 3. Appendices 'A.0 G give guidance on typical information to appear ‘on a welding procedure sheet for various types of welding process the range of which having been extended from ‘that ofthe previous edition. Preferred and aquivalent terme are given in bold type, ‘non-preferred terms are given in medium type and deprecated terms are given in medium type with their confer immunity from leoaloblisation Copyright by the sits Standards lsittion ‘Tue Now 09 170229 1998BST BSeW99: PART=) OL MM 124669 OS721b2 976 Ml A Issue 1, November 1996 BS 499 : Part 1: 1991 Summary of pages ‘The following table identifies the current iscue of each page. Issue 1 indicates that a page has been introduced for the first time by amendment, Subsequent issue numbers indicate an updated page. ‘Vertical sidelining on replacement pages indicates the most recent changes (amendment, addition, deletion). Page Taoue Page [issue Front cover 2 67 to 106 original Inside front cover original 107 2 a 1 108 to 114 original: b blank 116 and 116 removed Lio 64 original Inside back cover origin 65 2 . Back cover 2 86 joriginal, pst ee « Copyright by the British Slandards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 170220 1988BSI BS*459: PARTH) OL MM Lb24bb9 057213 602 mm Contents Foreword Committees responsible Glossary Section 1. Terms common to more than one seetion ‘Section 2. Terms relating to welding witn pressure Subsection 21. Terms relating to more than one subsection 22. Torms relating only to resistance wolding welding 23. Terms relating only to pressure 24. Terms 26, Terms relating only to diffusion welding 26. Tetms relating only to explosive welding ZT, “Terms relating oniy to fiction welding 28, Terms relating only to magnetically-Impelled are butt welding Section 3. Terms relating to (walding without pressure) ‘Subsection 31, Terms relating to more than one subsection ‘32, Terms relating only to are welding 33. Terms relating only 10 gas welding ‘94. Terms relating only to aluminothermic welding ‘36, Terms relating only to electron beam welding 36. Terms relating only to electro 237, Torme rlating only to light ra ‘Section 4. Torms relating to braze welding and bracing ‘Subsection 41, Terms relating to braze weldina 42, Terms relating only to brazing ‘Section 6, Torms relating to testing Soction 6. Tarms relating to wald imporfections ‘Section 7, Terms relating to thermal cutting Subsection 71. Terms relating to more than one subsection 72. Terms relating only to oxygen cutting 78. Torma relating only to are cutting 74, Tecms relating only 10 spark erosion cutting 78, Terms relating only to electron beam cutting 76. Terms relating only 10 taser cutting Appendices ‘A. Typical information to appear on a welding procedure sheet for flash welding 1. Typical information to appear on # welding procedure sheet for spot welding C. Typical information to eppear on 8 welding Procedure sneet or seem welging ._ Typical information to appear on a welding procedure sheet for projection welding tion to appear on a welding for friction welding Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 170220 1988 6 16 8 38 39 40 8 888838 8 8 R BB 100 100 101 BS 499 : Part 1 Typical information to appear on welding procedure sheets for fusion welding processes G._ Typical information to appear on a cutting, brocadure sheet for oxygen flame cutting Table 1, Terms and symbols for main welding Positions Figures 1. Chart of derivation of welding processes 2. Chart of derivation of brazing processes 3, Ghart ot derivation of tnermal cutting processes 4. Root, fusion, penetration, weld junction and zones of typical welds 5. Examples of series spot welding 6. Mash weld 7. Wald nugget 8. Vertical centre electrode 8. Vertical ottset electrode 10. Angie offset electrode 11, Granked offeet electrode 12, Time and pressure diagram for simple spot, stitch or projection welding 13, Time and pressure diagram for pulsation spot oF projection welding 14, Time and pressure diagram for spot or ‘projection welding, programme control 18. Time and precrure diagram for pulestion spot (oF projection welding, programme controt 16. Time and pressure diagram for spot welding, programme control with dual-pressure cycle 17, Time and pressure diagram for sear welding 18, Time and pressure diagram for step-by-step seam welding 18, Time and pressure diagram for roller spot welding 20. Time and pressure dlagrarn for step-by-step roller spot welding 21, Time and pressure ciegrarn for straight Math welding 22. Generalized diagram of speed, applied force, axa movement and time for continuous dive friction welding 23, Generalized ciagram of speed, applied force, ‘axial movernent and time for stored-energy friction welcing 24, Anole contre electrode 28, Swan-nocked electrode 26, Example of back-stop sequence 27. Example of skip requence 28. Examples of block sequences 29. Sketches of types of joints, types of welds) and weld preparations 30. Gap, root face, root radius, land, included angle and angle of bevel for typical weld Preparations 31. Examples of toos, logs and wold widths 32. Roots of typical wald preparations 38. Actual throat thickness and design throat thickness of typical welds 1991 Page 101 102 55 B 26 2 2 8 22 a 38 38 41 a a2BS 499: Part 1 Com BSI BSx499: PART) OF MM Lb24E69 0572264 745 mm 1991 Examples of excess weld metal Welding postions: slope (s) 5. Schematic diagram of main welding positions ‘Simplified view of main welding positions son of UK(USA) and ISO welding positions . Penetration bead Wald preparation using fusible insert ‘Surge reignition ‘Types of rectification Neutral oxy-acetylone flame CCarburizing oxy-acetylene flame Carburizing oxy-aeetylene flame for 3 hare surfacing application Oxidizing oxy-acetylene flame Leftward welding Rightward welding 3. All-position rightward welding ati ocuipmant for aluminothormis welding Diagrammatic representation of a diode gun Diagrammatic representation of a triode gun Diagrammatic representation of 8 back-bombarded gun Electro-slag welding Boll butt joint Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘ue Now 08 170231 1986 Short bell branch joint Ustensile test spacimen CCruciform test pieces Method of obtaining cruciform test specimen ‘Tongue-bend test specimen Shear test piece Exooee penetration bead Root concavity Incompletely filled groove Shrinkage groove Undercut Lack of sidewall fusion Lack of root fusion Lack of inter-run fusion . Drag . Single-cantlever cutting machine Double ing machine 5. Extended boom single-cantilever cutting machine 3. Portal cutting machine Double-portal cutting machine Portal-cantilver cuttina mat ‘Alphabetical index a seessssseas = RRBR ERB 1032 1991 BS 499: Part 1 BST BS*459: PARTX) OL MM 26246645 OS72UE5 b8S Ml ‘@ttoo0ud Butpjom so uoneatin yo ueyD “Lan upon woos-nnq Ho pe fuiplom outa woos se ods aS turpem sours si tuo ean oY supion stey upon use Supem Buren wpe sunsssd am PR ts sossoo0id BUpIOM, Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘ue Now 08 17.0292 1986| BST BS«499: PARTI OL MM U624b69 O572}bb Si] Mi 3 e ie u ie | g i Se i z is i £ H a i 3 5 z : 3 ; z i é 3 ae d i fl ? = Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 17023) 1986BSI BS¥*499: PARTS O1 MH Lb24bb9 0572467 458 Mm 21901 BS 499 : Part 1 ar setteooid Sunn jeuLeyy Jo voReALEp $0 4D “E aINBL unis 7 Benins sous) swe smi seunmieg —UMBAKo 0 L 1 Hl L L wonoerd Sued oumnoary amaetixo, in i L L T sasseopid Buna jeUnouL Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 17023) 1986BST BS#49) BS 499: Part 1; 1991 Glossary. Section 1 Glossary PART#) OL MM Ub24bb9 0572168 394 mm Section 1. Terms common to more than one section 10 001 10 002 10 003 10 004 10 006 10 007 10 008 10 009 10 010 10011 10 012 10 013 10 014 10 015 10 016 10 017 10 018 wela ‘welder welding plant welder: depreceted wolding process automatic welding semi-automatic welding shop weld site weld strength weld parent metal base metal: deprecated filler metal filer wire vwalding wire ‘ier ros Welding rod: deprecatod covered filler rod coated filler rod: deprecated flux deposited metal weld metal Copyright by the British Standards Insittion ‘ue Now 08 17.023 1986 ‘An operation in which two or more parts are united, by means of heat ‘or pressure or both, In such a way that there is continulty in the nature ‘of the metal botwoon those parts, A filler metal, the rmeting temperature of which is ofthe same order as that ofthe parent metal, may or may not be used, ‘Anion of piaces of metal made by welding ‘The operator who performs the welding, “The entive apperatus for providing and cantrlling energy, and movement if necessary, for making a weld, ‘A particular method of welding involving te application of certain ‘metallurgical, electrical, physical, chemical or mechanical principles, ‘Welding in which ll the weiding parameters are controlled. Manual adjustments may be made between welding operations but not during welding, Welding in which some of the welding parameters, such a ar length, sutomatically controlled, but manual guidance i nocesvery. ‘A weld made within the premises of the manufacturer ofthe welded sssembly ‘A weld made at the location whore the assembly isto be installed. ‘A wold designed to withstand stress Metal to be (See figure 4.) ad or surfaced by welding, braze welding or brazing Metal added during welding, braze welding, brazing or surfacing. Filler metal i Ue for of w oll of wire, Filler metal inthe form of a rod, {A ill rod having a covering of flux. ‘welding, many other substances, ‘which perform special functions, ae added, Fler metal ater Ix becomes part of e weld or joint, All metal mel (See figure 4) sd during the making of a wold and retained in the weld,BST BS*N99: PART#} O1 MM 2624669 0572169 220 mm BS 499 : Part 1: 1991 Section 1 Parent metal Weld zone / F Heat-offected ~ zone Fusion Fetotion ate \ C melal > Fusion zone” me weia ction (oF weld) ned Fusion zone (of weld) Heat-affected zone Figure 4. Root, fusion penetration, wald junction and zones of typical welds Ne, Term Datinition 0019 nun ‘The metal melted or deposited during one passage of an electrode, ess torch or blowpipe. 10.020 deposition ate “The mass of metal deposited in a unit of time. 10 021 weld zone ‘The zone containing the weld metal and the heat-affected zone. (See figure 4.) 10022 heat-affected zone The part of the parent metal that is metallurgeally affectod by the {abbrev, HAZ) hheat of welding or thermal cutting, but not melted. See figure 4.) 10.023 fusion zone “The part ofthe parent metal that's melted into the weld metal. (See figure 4.) 10 024 wold junetion “The boundary between the fusion zone and the heat-affected zone. 10025 welding technique ‘The manner in which an operator manipulates an electrode, 1 blowpina ara similar appliance. 10026 welding procedure A specific course of action followed in welding, inluding materials and, where necessary, touts to be use (See appendices A to G.) Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 170235 1986BSI BSe499: PARTS O1 MM 1b24b69 0572170 TH2 om BS 499 : Part 1: 1991 Section 1 10 027 10 028 10 029 10 030 10 031 10 032 10 033 10 094 10 035 10 036 10 037 10 038 10 039 10 040 10 041 1. welding procedure tort approved welding procedur welding sequence ‘fusion penetration stud welding hard facing hard surfacing spatter three: phese welding power source ‘throe: phase welding machine recovery time evel duty cycle plasma nozale- constricted are Vortex-constrictad are Copyright by the Bilis Standards lsittion ‘Tue Now 08 170296 1986 Detinition ‘The making and testing of 2 representative welded joint, in order ‘0 prow the feasibility of a welding procedure [NOTE 1. This erm not urlly applied to any tests thet may have been ‘rode during the devstoprant of « aiding provedure [NOTE 2. Sometimes an aditional joint of afferent type is welded in order {obtain eer et det, ‘A documented welding procedure that has buen approved by an inspecting authority either by means of a welding procedure test ot 2 8 result of authentic documented experience gained with the ‘welding of joints similar to that to which the wading procedure applies. “The order and dlection in which joints, welds or runs are made, {1) Infusion welding, The depth to which the parent metal has been ‘used, (See tigure 4.) (2) In spot, seam or projection welding, The distance from the Interface to the edge of the weld nugget, measured in each case on a cross section through the centre of the weld and normal to the surface (See figure 7.) ‘The joining of a metal stud or similar part to a workpiece. Welding may ‘be accomplished by at, resistance, friction or ather suitable process, with or without external ges shielding. The weld is mede over the whole end area of the stud or attachment, ‘The application of hard, wear-resistant meteral to the surface of a ‘component by welding, braze welding or spraying. lobules of metal expelled during welding or cutting ‘A welding power source in which power Is taken from all three phases of e three-phase supply to provide a single welding current or three single-phase welding currents. The time during which energy i availabe for welding but is not being used, ‘The time required, after a change of conditions has occurred in @ ‘walding eieuit, Fr ether the aurront or the voltage, or both, to recover toa specific percentage oftheir value before the change. ‘An arbitrary unit of time, of duration equal to that of one cycle of the alternating current supply. Normally in Great Britain thi it 1/50, (7) In the sense of ‘welding operstor’ duty cycle, the ratio of time spent welding to the total time which includes other activites, 9, changing electrodes saa removal (2) In the sense of ‘machine’ duty cycle, a measure of the capability of the welding equipment. ‘The region of ionized gas that generally forms the mejor portion of an {arc column and provides @ conducting peth forthe current. ‘An are that is constricted or shaped by nozzle walls ‘An are that is constricted by a vortex produced by sw or gas.BST BS#49 10 042 10 043 10 044 10 045 10 046 10 047 10 048, 10 089 10 050 10 051 10 082 10 053, 10 054 10 088 Term ‘transferred are ‘on-transforred aro partially transferred are pick-up sloeve joint muff joint arceye loctrode holdor wolding gles fier glass plain glass cover glass at filter Welding spectacles ‘welding goacies ‘chipping goocles ‘aoe mask. Copyright by the British Slandards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 170296 1986 PART) Ob Ml 2624669 0572173 989 ml BS 499 : Part 1: 1991 Section 1 Definition ‘A constricted arc that is struck between an electrode mounted within {torch and the workpiece, ‘A constricted arc that is struck between an electrode within a torch ‘and a second electrode which forms 3 nozzle thraugh which the plasma flows A constricted ate formed whan the workpicoe ic sonnoeted to one terminal of the power supply and the other terminal is connected to an electrode within the torch. The torch nozzle also forms part of the electrical circuit and is t intermediate potential {1) Infusion welding. The transfer of alloying elements from the Parent metal tothe weld metal asa result of cilution. (2) In fusion welding. The property of e flux that causes some of it to ashore to the hested ond of» filler rod. the property thet gives rise ‘to the ‘tuft’ which is applied to the molten poo! {3) In resistanoe welding, The partices of the surface of the workpiece ‘that adhere to the surface of the electrodes, or vice versa, A joint where the ends of two pipas or round bars fit into & short length of pipe, the inside diameter of which approximates t0 the ‘outside diameter of the two other members Irritation of the eye caused by exposure to radiation fram an electric ‘A device to hold an electrode and to convey current to it A filter to protect the eyes from harmful radiation during welding or cutting, Clear glass or other transparent material used to protect the surface of wolding lass. ‘A colourless, transparent, heat-absorbing glass plate placed betwee ‘the plain glass and the welding glas to protect the eyes. It is usually ‘wed in high current metal inert gat welding, Soectacis fitted with welding glass, normally iseued to persons whose ‘ties roquire thom to work in the vicinity of welding or cutting, operations ‘A protective device enclosing a space infront of the eyes to shiald ‘thom from injury curing welding or cutting, They are fitted with welding glass ane plain lac A protective device enclosing a space in front of the eyes to shield ‘tern from injury curing chipping, grinding or cutting. They are fitted ‘with plain lass, (1) A protective device worn in front of the face to shield it from Injury during welding or cutting. Its fitted with welding glss and plain oles, (2) A protective device supplied with fresh air and worn over the note and mouth,BSI BS#H99: PARTH) O MM Db24bb9 0572472 815 mm BS 499 : Part 1 Section 1 No. Term Definition 10056 helmet A protective device supported on the head and arranged to thield the bead sereen ‘aoe and throst from injury during welding. Itis fitted with a window head shield ‘eonsating of welding glass ana plain glass, anc it necessary a heat filter: 10.057 face shield ‘A protective device held in the hand to shield the face and throat from hand shi injury during welding. Its Fitted with @ window consisting of welding hand screen las and plain alas, and if necessary a heat filter. 10058 fixed shield ‘An independently mounted device to provide protection from injury during welding or cutting 10 059 welding glover Gloves to protect the hands, or gauntlets to protect the hands and forearms, from heat and metal splashes due to welding or cutting. 10 060 —_blowpipe ‘A device for mixing and burning gases to produce a flame for welding torch: deprecated brazing, braze welding, cutting, heating and similar operations, (See also terms 32 082 to 32 085.) 10.061 injeetor-mixer A deviee in which oss leaving an injnctor antrains and mixes with another gat whieh is ata lower presture. 10 062 open injactor-mixer ‘An injoctor-mixar where the eddtionsl gas is drawn in from the bunsen-type mixer atmosphere, 10 063 closed inector-mixer ‘An injoctor-mixer that is closed to the atmosphere, the entrained gas being drawn up through a tube connected to the unit. 10064 cone ‘The more luminous part of aflame, which is adjacent to the nozzle orifice, 10065 feather “The carbon-tich zone, visible ina flame, extending around and beyond the cone when there i an excess of carbonaceous gat. 10.086 gas envelope The ges surrounding the inner cone of an oxy-fusl gat flame. 10.067 headed hove connwction ‘A threaded part (inlet or outlet) of @ welding or cutting appliance to Which a fitted hose is coupled NOTE. Threeded hose connections, hose coupling nuts and howe couples have right-hand trees for noncombustible gates an left-hand thread for Combustible ger Hoe coveling nut and howe couper having et hen ‘reads ae nched 10 068 hore coupling nut ‘A nut used for securing the hose coupling nipple to a threaded hose union nut: deprecared ‘connection or to 2 hose coupler. (See note to term 10 067.) 10 069 hose coupling nipple ‘A.metal component, one end of whichis inserted into & hose. “The other end hes @ seating and a shoulder around which can be rotated the hose coupling nut, (See note to term 10 067.) 10.070 fieted hove A lonuth of howe at each end of which Isa hose coupling nipple and ‘2hose coupling nut. TUUN hose coupter ‘A-component, consisting ofa hexagonal centre portion with threaded lends, for connecting two lengths of fisted hose. (See note to ‘term 10 067.) 10.072 flame snap-out Unintentional extinction of the flame outside the nozzle orifice. 10073 flashback Retroaression of the flame beyond the blowpipe body into the hose, with possible subsequent explosion, 10 Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘ue Now 08 17.0297 198610 074 10 075 10 076 10 077 10 078 10 079 10 080 10 081 10 082 10 083 10 084 10 005 10 086 10 087 10 088 10 089 10 090 10 091 10 092 10 093 BSI BSx499: PART#) 02 Term backfire sustained backfire pressure regulator ‘925 regulator ‘two-stage regulator ‘multi-stage regulator flashbock arrestor hhydraulic back pressure valve sidual welding stress flame normalizing ple interpulse time wolding eyeto time weld timer rectifier converter storod-energy welding welding primer ‘eldsble primer: deprecated! burnt wold waldability Copyright by the British Slandards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 170238 1986 ME Le24bb9 0572473 75) BS 499 : Part 1: 1991 Section 1 Detintion Retrogression ofthe flame into the blow rapid set-extinetion, eck or body with Retrogression ofthe flame into the blow ‘the flame remaining alight. NOTE. This manifstsualf ther a "popping or equaling’ with 9 sma pointed fame usuing from the nozae ore, or se rnia wri of minor toosion inside an ovarhantes nazi neck or body, ‘An auxiliary device designed for temporarily cuting off the supply of gn tothe wolsing equipment excost the apply toe pilot jt where fies. ‘A device for attachment to gas cylinaer or pipeline tor recucing and gulating the got pressure to the working pressure required. ‘A gas regulator in which the gas pressure is reduced to the working Drescure in two stages. ‘A gas regulator in which the gas pressure Is reduced to the working pressure in more than one stape AA safety devioe fitted ina fuel gas system to prevent any flashback ‘aching the fuol gas pipeline or supply, ‘A water-charged non-return safety valve fitted in an acstylene gas system to prevent flashback or back pressure from the blowpipe aching the aestylone ganerator. ‘Stress remaining in a metal part or structure es a result of weldino, Normalizing earied out by direct flame tina ‘A unidirectional flow of currant of sither polarity of brief durstion. The duration of o pulse ‘The period of time between successive pulses during the making of single wea. ‘The period required to complete a welding evel. ‘A eviee that contiols only the weld time. ‘A devies that converts single or multiphase power from the frequency of the power supply to unidirectional current. ‘A method of welding in which the welding energy is stored in an inductor, a capacitor, an electric accumulator or 2 flywheel during a Period of time relatively long compared to the welding time. ‘A film-forming material that is apolied to an unpainted metal surface ‘or protective purpose, which does not have tobe removed prior to welding and does not prevent the making of a satisfactory weld, ‘A wold in which the weld metal has been grossly overheated causing excessive oxidizing thereby reducing the strength ofthe joint. “The ease with which a meterial or materials can be welded to give an acceptable joint, "BST BS*499: PART#) O} MM 224669 0572174 698 me BS 499 : Part 1 : 1991 Section 1 10 094 10 095 10 097 10 098 10 099 10 100 10 101 10 102 10 103 10 104 10 105 10 107 10 108 10 109 10 110 rom wo nz 10 113, plasma are plasma jet plasma weld eurfacing nozzle ti: deprecated blowpipe head blowpipe shank high pressure blowpipe low pressure blowpipe head mixing blowpipe ‘nozzle mixing blowpipe ‘combined blowpipe combined outfit: deprecated ‘combined set: deprecated ‘non-return valve harsh flame soft flame dissolved seoty Welding consumables ‘welding equipment ‘welding seoessorice mechanized welding groove wold Copyrigt by the British Standards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 17.0239 1986 Definition A transferred arc in which a constriction {mechanical or magnetic) Is used to produce a thin pencil-like configuration of plasma and electrons to give high heat concentration over a small area, ‘Alet or plasma formed by 4 non-traneferred arc and expelled through ‘an orifice at high velocity by gas pressure Surfoeing or cladding in which the heat fs provive by # pasa are that may be transferred or partially transferred to the workpiece, ‘The cladding material may be applied as power or as filler wire that Is tused tothe parent metal, ‘The generally detachable pert ofa biows emerge 2 from which eas or gases ‘The part of a blowpipe to whieh a nosale ie fitted. ‘The part of a blowpipe that is normally held or gripped, to which a ‘fixed the valves and threaded hove connections, A blowpipe in which the pressure of both the fuel gas and the oxygen, Imessured immediately before the point of mixing, is greater than the pressure of the mixed gases. ‘A blowpip2 in vhiich one of the gas pressures, measured immediately before the point of mixing, is lower than the pressure of the mixed {gator moasured directly down the stream between the mixer and the nozzle entry. ‘A Llvesive with a mixer oF injector-mixer in the head Ablowpipe with # nozzle that contains @ mixer ofan injector-mixer. A.blowpipe that, when fitted with the appropriate attachments, can be used for welding, cutting, heatina or flame cleaning. ‘value that prevents the passage of gt in the oppotitedircetion to ‘the normal flow. than normal ‘A flame in which the velocity of the goss is high ‘A flame in which the velocity ofthe gasas i lower than normal. Acetylene made stable under pressure by being dissolved in a liquid, eg. acetone. All materials used up during the making of a wel Iams of welding plant and accessories used to make © weld, All item of welding equipment associated with welding, ver det ‘wolding plant and welding consumabies. ‘Welding in vaich the welding parameters are controlled mechanically ‘or electronically and may be manually varied during welding to ‘maintain the required welding conditions ‘A wold in a preparation made to receive weld metal 1210 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 m4 us 6 a7 na 9 120 wt 122 129 128 125 427 129 BSI BSkUS9: PART#} OL MM Lb24bL5 0572175 524 mw eg up surfacing joint proparation weld preparation joint burn-off rate air gep rol welding robot robotic welding ‘manipulation manipulator positioner adaptive control eystem, feedback control system joint recognition weld recognition Weld feature recognition joint tracking seam tracking Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 17.0240 1986 BS 499 : Part 1 : 1991 Section 1 A stratum of wold metal consisting of one or more runs The deposition of metsl on a surface until required dimensions are obtained. “The deposition of metal on a surface to provide a properties different from chose ofthe parent metal AA preparation for making @ connection whore the individual components, suitably prepared and assembled, ae joined by welding oF brazing. ‘A .connection where the individual components suitably prepared and assembled, ae joined by welding or brazing, (int dri tion welding. The rate of shortening af tha componente 13 application of the fretion fore (2) In are welding, The linear rate of consumption of a consumable electrode, (1) Infusion welding, The minimum distance at any erost section between edges, ends or surfaces to be joined. (2) in magnetically-impelled are butt welding, The space between ‘component surfsces ecress which the aris malta Curing the heating (acing) period. (1) In forge welcing. Welding in which the Forging pressure is Drogressively applied by mechanically operated ralls after heating (2) In fusion welding. A mathod of manipulation by rotating or rolling pipes or pipe assemblies so that all welding is carried out in ‘or near the fl position, ‘A programmable, multi-function manipulator. ‘Automatic welding using robot thet can be preprogrammed 2 different welding paths and fabrication geometries, ‘The operation of grasping and moving an object, ‘A.mechanism with the necessary degr of aripping and moving an object. of freadom for the purpore ‘A control method in which euntrel paramuters are continuously and automaticaly adjusted in response to measured process variabies to achieve the specified performance, {A form of adoptive control that recognizes vatiations in the geometey “detects chenges in the joint geometry and instructs the welding ‘machine to take the approprite corrective action. 1 form of adaptive control that racognizae variations in the geometry (including penetration depth) of the weld or weld pool being made ‘and instructs the welding machine to take the appropriate corrective ‘A form of adaptive control that monitors changes inthe location of the joint to be welded and instructs the welding machine to take the appropriate corrective action 13BSI BS*499: PARTS} OF MM Db24bb9 0572175 4b0 Ml BS 499 : Part 1 : 1991 Section 1 ‘A.welding technique in which the welding torch or gun is pointed in 10 130 forehand welding the direction of welding 10131 backhand welding A.wolding technique in which the welding toreh or gun is pointed ‘towards the completed weld, Le. oppaxite to the direction of welding. 4 Copyright by the Bish Standards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 17.0241 1986BSI BS*499: PART#L O1 MM 2624665 0572177 377 lll BS 499: Part 1: 1991 Section 2 Section 2. Terms relating to welding with pressure ‘Subsection 21. Terms relating to more than one subsection 21 21 2 2 2 2 a 2 2 2 2 mn a 2 a ra 2 a 2 2 cor 002 003 005 006 007 008 009 o10 on m2 019 oa 015 os ov ow 01 oo tm faying surface interface: deprecated interface HF induction welding uptetting ‘uptet metal upset allowance prot speed Welding eyete pressure contact area forward force" Initial force welding force® welding load: deprecated! upset force ost-weld upset force® eating force forward pressure initial pressure welding pressure upset prossure post-wold upset pressure Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 17.0241 1986 A surface of one component that is intended 10 be in contact with @ surface of another component to form a joint. “The contact area when the welding force is applied, ‘Welding in which an alternating electric current of atleast 10 kHe is induced in the work to produce heat which in association with 2 forging action produces a joint ‘The operation of locally increasing the cross-sectional area of @ workpiece by the application of s longitudinal force Parent metal proud of the normal surfaces of the work as 2 retult of forging or pressing. ‘The length allowed for the total shortening of both components due to upsetting. The rate of movement of the moving workpiene 4 ‘The succession of operations tected by the machine for the making (fa wold and the return to the inti postion, ‘The initial surfece contact area of the components through which foice is vansiniued. The force appliad to the movable head of a welding machine in the direction necescary to make a wel. ‘The first steady or peck force epolied normal to the interface, during the welding cye'e ‘The fores, atthe abutting curfacee of a workioce, ured to make weld ‘The fores producing or tending to produce upset meta ‘The force required to reduce the workpigce to its correct length etter welding ‘The force applied by the electrodes ta the work during the time post-heating current is flowing “The pressure (ores pet unit area) resulting from the forward foe, ‘The pressure (force per unit area) resulting from the initial force “Tho pressure (force per unit area) resulting from the welding force. The pressure (force per unit area resulting from the upset force. The pressure (force per unit area) resulting fram the post-wveld pst fore. re 19 presure. See trms21 0160.21 02% 15BS 499: Part Section 2 a a 2 a 2 2 2 a a a a 2 o2t 022 023 om ozs 026 on 020 029 030 ost a2 BsI 1991 Postsheating pressure overhang linia timer sequence timer ‘total allowance ‘peat length forging force forge force {forging pressure forge pressure forging time Forge time {forge welding fire welding BSeYT9: PARTH) 0} MM LL24bb9 0572178 233 Ml Detiniton “The pressure (force per unit are force. ) resulting from the post-heating “The distance a component project from the die or clamp in the direction of the mating component for resistance butt, fash, friction, pressure or magnetically impelled arc butt welding, Anpsratus for controlling intervals of time by masns of counting, to Preset number, pulses which have 8 constant rate of repetition. Apparatus for contrelling interval of time that relies upon any time ‘dependent physical change. ‘Apparatus comprising 8 group of timers tor controling various funetions in a welding eyele in a predetermined sequence. In pressure, resistance butt, flash or friction welding, the length allowed, in preparation for welding, for the total shortening of both components due to all the operations that are actually used in the making of a weld. ‘The totel actual shortening of both components duo to the forging action in the making of a weld. In pressure, resistance butt, flash, frction or magnetically implied arc butt welding, the total amount of shortening of both components ‘due to al the operations that are actually used in the making of a weld, “The force applied normal to the faying surfaces to complete the weld. The pressure (Force per unit area) resulting from the forging Force, ‘The duration of application of the forging force. ‘Any welding process in which the weld is made by hammering or some other impulsive force while the surfaces to be united are plastic. Subsection 22. Terms relating only to resistance welding 22 001 22 002 22 003 resistance wel resistance butt welding slow butt welding: deprecated ‘upset butt welding: deprecated flash welding flash butt wel ina: deorecated Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘we Now 08 17.0242 1986 Welding in which, at some stage in the process, fore is applied to surfaces in contact and in which the hest for welding is produced by the pasage of electric current through the elecvieel resistence at, {and adjacent to, these surfaces. Resistance welding in ihicn tha components are butted together uncer pressure, and current i allowed to flow until the temperature is ‘reached at which upset metal is producad and the weld is completed, Resistance butt welding in whieh the components are progressively ‘advanced towards each other while the current, confined to localized points of contact, causes expulsion of molten metal. When welding temperature is reached, upset force is applied. 16BSI BS#49) 2 PARTE, No, Tom 22 004 straight lash welding O MM 3624269 0572279 377 BS 499: Part 1: 1991 Section 2 Definition A flash welding technique in which flashing stars a& soon as the ‘workpieces are brought into contact and is maintained until upsetting takes place. 72 005 flash welding with preheating fash welding technique in which preheating curent is applied tothe workpices to feiiate te orsat of ashing. 22006 spot woldina Resistance welding in which a wale prodicad sta spot in the work piace between electrodes, the weld being of approximately the same area asthe elactrode tps, or asthe smaller of tis of eifering siz. Free is applied to the spot, usually through the electri, continuously throughout the proces 22 007 ston welding ‘Spot welaing in wien sucesive welds overlap, 22 008 multiple spot welding Spot welding in which, bythe use of mare then two electod {wo oF more welds ae made simultaneously or In an automatically ‘controled sequence. 72 009 series spot welding Spot walding in which two or more welds are made simultaneously im electrical series. (See figure 5) Workpiece SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSESSS SSIS] {Leper Workpiece | packing | piece sy caren ad cece —e| Laura Figure 5, Examples of sories spot welding 22.010 roller spot welding 22.011 step-by-stop roller spot welding Copyright by the British Slandards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 17.024 1986 ‘Spot welding in which force is applied continuously and current intermittently to produce a ine of seperate spot welds, the workpleoes being between two electrode wheels or between sn electrode whet and an electrode bar. The wheels apply the force and current and rotate continuously while the line of welds is boing made, ‘Spot welding in which force is applied contiouously and current intermittently to produce a line of separate spot welds, the workpieces being between two electrode wheels or between sn electrode wheel and an electrode har. The wheels apply the force and eurrent and stationary during the normal flow of current and rotate when reduced ‘0Fno current is lowing 7BSI BS#499: PART#1 OL MMH 1624669 0572380 991 mm BS 489 ; Part 1: 1991 Section 2 Definition 22012 seam welding Resistance welding in which foree is applied continuously and current ‘continuously or intermittently to produce a linear weld, the workpiece being between two electrode whesle or batweon an electrode whee! and {an electrode bar. The wheels apply the force and current and rotate Continuously during the meking ofthe linear weld 22.013 step-by-step seam welding Resistance welding in which foree is applied continuously and currant intermittently to produce a linear weld, the workplace being between two electroce wheels or between an elgctrode wheel and an electrode bar. The wheels apply the force and current and are stationary during ‘the normal flow of current and rotate when reduced or no current is flowing. 22.014 step-by-step welding ‘Seam oF roller spat welding in which the electrode whee! ie stationary during the passage of weld eurrent and rotates when reduced or no current is flowing 22 015 Resistance welding applied progressively to a butt joint. Electrodes ress on the work on each side ofthe joint to pass current through It ‘hile welding force is generally applied by other means. 2016 n ‘Seam welding of two close square butted components with matal tae tape butt-seam welding (or wite placed or fed centrally to bridge one or both sides of the joint, 22.017 prajeetion welding Reictance wolding in which the localizing of foroe and current to ‘make the weld or welds is obtained by the shape of the components oF by the use of a projection or projections raised on one or more of the aying surfaces. The projectors collapse during welding. 22018 resistance stud welding ‘Stud welding using projection welding, (See tarms 10 031 and 22 017), 22.019 pulsation welding ‘Spot or projection welding in which the welding currant is interrupted woodpecker welding: deprecated one or more times without release of pressure of change of location of the eloctrodes. 22.020 percussion welding Resistance welding in which the workpiscet are brought together with {rapidly increasing force. A current of short duration is supplied from ‘8 capacitor or the like either before the components touch or whi the welding force is very lov. 22.021 half-eycte welding ‘Spot, projection or percussion welding in which the welding operation 'S completed in a whole or part of any one half eyce of the a. cupply, 22.022 HF resistance welding Resistance welding in which an alternating electric current of atleast 10 kHz is fed through contacts to the work to provide the heat for ‘welding. The high frequency current concantrates along adiacent surfaces to produce highly localized hast prior to the application of welding force, FoF stitch weld, between two components of similar thickness, the amount of overlap determines the width of weld, so made thatthe ultimate thickness of the workpiece atthe weld approximates ‘to that of one component. (See figure 6) 22029 mush weld 18 Copyright by the British Slandards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 17.0244 1986BST BS#499: PARTx) O1 MM 2624569 0572181 828 MM BS 499 : Part 1: 1991 Section 2 GLEE Wry Before WH, WS Alter Flour 6. Mash weld Ne Tem Drtaion 22-024 eromwir wold Artes wel the son of contact betwen crosed wires or Toor made with ress ppg continua 22.025 wold rust ‘Azone na rasitanc wld where he metal hs ben meted (eee 3 ' — Fusin Fenton Flare 7. Weld mst 22-026 rasivtance wlding slctode A replacnab portion of stance welding machine which Warsi Ha curren, ne rly apes forest he worklee. 22.027 olectrode ti ‘The surface of an electrode for spot or stitch welding intended to make contact with the workpiees 22 028 electrode shank “The portion of an electrode for spot or stitch welding intended to be held by, end to make electrical contact with, an electrode holder. 22.029 electrode wheel ‘A rotatable electrode of dite form 19 Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 17.0244 1986BSI BSx499: PARTS) OF MM Lb24669 0572182 764 0499: Part 1 1991 section 2 22000 verte steve An devote or pt orsieh adngin which th alsa norma oh cot he sete sh, 27 00) snl darode An decoder stor sich dain ich he alerts iat crete rotroma tte mot hoc ate 22022 ofa An aevodefor pot or ste ing in which hc i noteonanwith esate eo sek 22 059 wre dacvode Averill hae hese enna wth te ‘gm sored oF slocoae an Sse) 22.064 —rtealoiateetede Avera etd hh slestode spi not conan wth se Ei Scrat tig — i | | | i J Vert en sls Fi 9, Verio act 22.005 amotio Anand alace in wtih hsv ot com with he ‘tote dotode hank fe ou 0) 22006 croft shovode Ants tw co cro a cranked electode Copyright by the British Standards Isitlion ‘Tue Now 08 17.0245 1986 straight. (See figure 11.) 20BSI BSxug) 1 PARTE OL M™ Lb24bb4 0572183 LTO Mm 8S 499: Part 1: 1991 Section 2 A Figure 11, Cranked offset eectroce 22.037 pad olectrode fat elecile 22.038 tread 22.039 electrode pick-up 22.040 surface pick-up 22-041 edge distance 22.042 welding die aie 22.043 insert 22044 platen ZZ 085 bolster 22.046 arm Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 17.0246 1986 Definition ‘An electrode having an area of contact with the work that is much larger than the weld required, ‘The peripheral surface of an electrode whee! Contamination of the resistance welding electrode by metal or seale from the surface of the workpiece, Contamination of the surface ofa resistance weld by perticles of the electrode “The distance between the centre of a weld and the nearest edge of the workpiece. {A device for locating the componants of a workpiece in resistance Wwelaing machine and tor transmitting force and welding current to them, A small piece of metal, usually hard wearing and of comparatively high resistivity, used as an electrode tip, oF attached to a welding die and projecting sufficiently beyond it to make contact with the workpisea, “The part ofa resistance welding machine on which walding dies or bolsters con be mounted an! which conveys fore and welding current to them, ‘An electrode holder for mounting one platen. 'A member projecting from a resistance weldina machine, which carries current, or supports a conductor carrying current, to an electrode holder and which is required to transmit or suppor: the welding fore. 2BSI BS*499: PARTS} O2 MM 2624669 0572284 537 ma BS 499 : Pert 1: 1991 Section 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 22 a 2 2 2 087 48 4g 050 01 055, 056 057 086 058 061 082 06a Tm fin fash splash {lashing allowance weld contact area Interface: deprecated ‘lectrode contact arsa clamp contact area dle contact area backward foree* back prossure: deprecated lectrode force* backward pressure beck pressure: deprecated lectrode pressure toot-operated welding machine pedal-operated welding machine ower-operated welding machine smotor- operated welding machine portable spot-welding machine ler spot-welding machine Pincer spot-welding machine capacitor spot-welding machinet condenser-discharge spot-welding machine Datintion ‘An extrusion of metal extending outward beyond the upset metal inthe form of afin, “The metal expelled as molten particle during flash welding ‘Thin steaks of metal left adhering between the components or on their surfaces asthe result of molten meatal being expelled from a joint fr from under the electrodes during spot, seam, or projection welding ‘The length allowed for the total shortening of both components due 1 flashing n preparation for flash welcing, ‘The ares through which welding currant passes from one component to another during resistance welding, “The area through which currant pares from an electrode or a came to the workpiece ‘The force tending to soparate the electrodes, ‘The force transmitted by the electrodes to the workpieces, The pressure (force por unit area) resulting from the backward force. The pressure (force per unit of electrode contact area) resulting from the electrode force. ‘A welding machine in which the mechanieal fore i applied by hand. ‘Awelaing mechine in which the mechanical force is applied by means of a pedal. ‘A welding machine in which mechanical fore it applied by an inanimate source of power. ‘A welding machine in which tho travel of the electrode is provided and the mechanical force is applied by means of a motor-driven mechanism. A spot-welding machine (a) that can be carried about complate, or {(b) In which the electrodes, the moving arms and the force pplication device have flexible conneetions to a fixed transformer ‘nd control equipment, thus providing a limited emount of portability A portable spot-welding machine in which force is applied to electrodes by means ofa lever systers similar to that of pliers A spot-welding machine in whieh welding current is caused to flow ‘through the secondary winding ofa transformer and the welding flectrades by the discharging ofa capacitor through the primary. winding of the transformer incorrectly refered tos pessce. See tems 22 056 ané 22 086, Copyright by the iis Standards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 170247 1986 22BSI BS*49) No. 22 064 22 085 22 066 22 067 22 068 22 069 22070 207 Tom inductor spot-welding machine Induetion spot-welding machine battery spot-welding machine* preheat timet squeeze tis flashing timet upset timet upset current timet 1 PARTS) Oh MM 2624669 0572185 473 Ml BS 499: Part 1: 1991 Section 2 Definition ‘A.spot welding machine in which the welding current is caused to flow ‘through the secondary winding ofthe transformer anc the welding electrodes by the interruption ofthe flow of a direct current through ‘the primary winding of the transformer. A spot-welding machine in which a battery is used to provide the welding current. ‘The piece of metal pulled from one sheot when a spot or projection weld is prised apart. NOTE. The domerer ofthe slug mey be used or eld quality aeement ‘The duration of preheating current. In fach welding itis the time botwoon the first passage of current and the start of continuous flashing, ‘The period of time between the normal application of force by the lactrades tothe work and the fist passage of current. NOTE, In timers complying with National Eletriem Manufacturere Atociston ‘eciiations, ti ise pariod Between the initiating ofthe welding operation Sr heft ponage of eure Jn flash welding, the periad of time between the start of continuous ‘iehing and the ime when the upset force i apalied, ‘The duration of upset travel ‘The duration of currant from the commencement of upset travel. "These machines ae someties referred to a stored-enargy machines ‘Atantion is awn 89 figures 12 19 23 for daprammati representations of these ters Copyright by the fits Standards Isittion ‘ue Now 08 17.0248 1986 23PARTS O} MM 2624669 057286 307 mm BST BSxu99: 1991 BS 499 : Part 1 Section 2 ‘Suypjem wons9foud 49 ods Lopes 10} wiBexp sinssoud pu sui, En WES ae] ou yo ainssaig = 9, U3 Aeoep aunsiaid = @ (uh Bu6i0,) oun pion = aan Bian Supjam uopasfoud 20 “yauns “ode oy [a Ct a =~ ay setae 336 ae 24 Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘ue Now 08 17.0248 1986BSI BS*499: PART# O1 MM 1b246b9 0572287 24b Mm 1991 BS 499 : Part 1 Section 2 Joauoo euueaboid “Buipjam uons9foid 10 10d woes 20} wesBetp sunsseue pue BULL “SI An aug yo amnssaig = 9 _20un Aeoep aunssaig = @ owt PIO =v a | Era eal jer aan sun sui say say 2a joaiee3joonpoy ea) azaanis juaaing aunss3ig jonuoo swuesioud “Bupjem uonsefoud 10 1048 404 weiBeyp eunssoid pue Oui, “pL SINBL ba B= HRLIR nus seuy juauany alnssalg 25 Copyright by the British Slandards institution ‘Tue Now 08 17.0249 1986PARTX) 01 MM 1b24bb9 0572288 252 BST BS#499: BS 499 : Part 1: 1991 Section 2 Suypyem woos 20; weuBep oinieid pus ows “cheung [von ou uo Bunesos fia ory Gunn por reons> 100, Say FO IAD 3a) Pm au aus joc} _Pr-gaipeR Loe, luoas prov 00 ay, HOS Llp quauing alnsseug _, a Bapian ‘po eunsioxd-1enp yam jonuos uiwestoud ‘Bupjem Jods 10} wesBetp eumstou! pu oui “91 SING a war Sat aay ni | azar | 26 Copyright by the Bish Standard Isittion ‘ue Now 09 170250 1996BS 499: Part 1: 1991 Section 2 (21 Aaoep aunssoig = @ aun pIoH = (20M aun wo Buen ou uy a8 sepo.24)9 Sta yume Busnp spoued eneapuy sms seury 4204 wes6eyp ounsseud pu oui. “GL 92n8L4 at] feat] 5 (5 aun fa] oes || ed YT] PARTXL 0} Ml bb24bb5 0572189 019 Ml BSI BS#H99: aun Aesop aunssau = @ oui pod = ¥ unas pou BOIS ‘Suypjan woos des-Aq-devs 40} weiBep sunssaid pue smi “gy An opus ou, {a0 sarge |a PVP aay ea ay atau | OH fH Me bo ee api Buipiem —— ean =a ainssaug a Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘ue Now 08 170251 1986PARTS) Ob MM bb24bb9 0572350 830 Mi BSI BS*499: 1991 BS 499 : Part 1 Section 2 Buyom ysey 40 105, 114m esd) —ey ee ven on IP UOWIOLOW Lord pUE BUN °\z eanbLy [sar Ba ce so pan Waa Base Mg GL a quaning auanow vayDIg b—cop ap Ineited angle Included, ante 6 angle oF bevel ~2haangte bevel r a st | oot foot | Free ae 4 f Figure 30. Gap, root face root radius, land, included angle typical weld proparations 49 Copyright by the British Slandards Isittion ‘ue Now 08 170309 1996BSI BSx499: PART#} O1 MM 3624669 0572212 22) me BS 499 : Part 1: 1991 Section 3 No. Tom 31040 slot lap joint slot weld: deprecated 81.041 root (of wold) 31042 root face nose: deprecated 31-043 fanther od 31044 weld face 31045 fusion face 31046 land 31 047 edge preparation end preparation* 31 048 root (of preparation) “Tater is copied only to sip and pipes or tubes, Copyright by the itis Standards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 17.03:10 1986 ‘Ajoint between two overlapping components made by depositing filet weld round the periphery of a hole in one component to as to Join ito the surface of the other component exposed through Ure hole. (See figure 28.30.) “The zone on the side of the first run farthest trom the welder (Gee figure 4 and also term 31 048.) “The portion ofa fusion face atthe root that is not bevelled or grooved. (See figure 30.) ‘The edge formed atthe root due to bevelling being carried through from one surface to the other. ‘The surface of a fusion weld exposed on the side from which the weld has been mado, (Soe figure 31.) ‘The portion of a surface, or of an edge, that isto be fused in making fusion weld (1) The straight portion ofa fusion face between the root face and tha main loping face in a bevel preparation. (See figure 20.) (2) The straight portion ofa fusion face between the root fece and the curved part of aJ-edge preparation. “The surface prepared on the adge of a component to be welded, (1) In the proparation of V, U, J and bevel butt welds, The zone in the neighbourhood of, and including, the gap. (2) In a square butt weld with backing bar or strip. The zone between the prepared edges adjacent to a backing bar or strip. (3) In parts assembled for fillet welding. The zone in the neighbourhood of the actual or projected intersection ofthe fusion faces, (Gee figure 82 and also term 31041.) 50BSI BS*499: PART#) O3 MM Db24bb9 0572223 168 mm BS 499: Part 1; 1991 Section 3 Wald width 2. ag veil Toes { 7 3 Fusion face <—— = 31. Examples of toes, legs, weld widths and fusion facet 51 Copyright by the British Slandards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 17.03:10 1986BSI BSx49s: BS 400: Part 1 Section 3 1991 PART#) O1 MM 2624669 0572214 OT4 mm LJ Figure 32. Roots of typical weld preparations 31049 toe Weld edge: denrecated! 3° 050 angle of bevel angle of proparation: deprecatea 31 051 31052 root radius 31052 tag 31 054 tag length 31055 effective length 31 056 actual throat thickness throat thickness Copyright by the itis Standards Isittion ‘ue Now 08 17.0311 1986 Definition ‘The boundary between a weld fece and the parent metal or between runs (See figure 31.) NOTE. The tm toe should always be qualitied acordin to whether it sppies {0 the compiles wed o windvd rune, ‘The angle at which the edge of a component is prepared for making ‘2 weld, (See figure 30.) ‘The angle between the planes of the fusion faces of parts to be welded. (See figure 30.) ‘The radius ofthe curved portion ofthe fusion face in a component Drepared fora single, tingle-Ul, double-J er double-U wed. (See figure 30.) ‘The width of «fusion face ina filet weld. (See figure 31.) ‘The distance from the actual or projected intersection ofthe fusion {aces ana the to ofa fillet weld, measured across the fusion face (See figure 31.) NOTE. Fer #90” fie watt having aot Ing onghe, he ttm a hae btn ‘se to man eg eae ors conven or mire filer wel or 1 times the Geion ‘hrontthicknes for x concae filer wei. In some appietions ‘iz’ hes been ed to mean design threat sickness and therefore to evokdconfution "iat? hes been dropped ae prefered tem. In spectying a Flt weld the cimansons should now be leary indicated at ‘inium ig lng) oF dig evoat tikes or Doth sx epoca ‘The length of continuous weld of specified dimension, ‘The perpendicular distance between two lines each parallel to a line {ining the outer toes, one being a tangent at the weld face end the ‘other boing through the furthermost point of fusion penetration (For examples se figure 33.) 52BSI BS¥49 : PARTS) 02 MM Lb2469 0572235 130 mm BS 499 : Part 1: 1991 Section 3 {dean teoat chess —$. Design throat thickness ‘Figure 33. Actual throat thickness and design throat thickness of typical welds No. Term Definition 31 057 design throat thicknoss ‘The minimum dimension of throat thickness used for purposes of cffective throat thickriss Sesian, (For examples see figure 33.) 31-058 weld width The shortest distance between the outer toes of a weld face (S00 figure 31.) 31 059 excess weld metal ‘Weld metal lying outside the plane joining the toes. (See figure 34.) reinforcement overfill 53 Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 17.03:12 1986BSI BS#N99: PARTX) 02 MM Lb24b69 0572246 977 BS 499: Part 1: 1991 Section 3 Excess weld ‘etal Figure 34. Examples of axcass wold metal Ne tem Definition 31 060 weld slope (S)* In tho ease of straight weld, the angle between the roct line and the positive x-axis of the horizontal reference plane (eee figure 35), the elope, ic mectured in mathematically positive (je. counter clockwise) direction NOTE. The coordination system i ranged xo th he root ie lin the verteai re.95) end that te working edie outword from the ecorinate origin, stipulation apple, the #ope ie obtained ‘th particular crt wction of the wala im question snd the sale 91 061 weld rotation (7° ‘The angle between the centreline of the weld (2, the line joining the centres ofthe weld root at the capping layer) and the positive z-axis ‘or a ine parallel tothe y-axis, measured in the mathematically Positive (i.e. counter-clockwise} direction in the plane ofthe ‘transverse ross section of the weld in question. 31 062 —_walding position ‘The orientation of ¢ weld expressed in terms of working position, Weld slope and weld rotation, 31 063 flat position ‘A welding position in which the welding is horizontal, with the downhand position: deprecated centreline of the weld vertical. (See table 1.) 31 064 horizontal vertical position ‘A welding position in which the welding is horizontal, (See table 1,) 31 065 horizontal position ‘A welding position in which the welding i horizontal, with the ‘centreline of the weld horizontal (See table 1.) 31086 horizontal overhead position A welding position in which the welding is horizontal and overhead, (See table 1.) "Tha main positions, dtinad by weld slope ad weld rotation, ate sven in table 1 and itusrate i figures 36 and 37. A comparison ‘xtwoon the 85 form of designation Ibased onthe AWS/ANSI form) andthe frm gen n SO 6947 2 shown mn igue 39, Fost sake of elerty symbole forthe nan xk postions a gen rom the coordinate en, te morking eect bing outwards 84 Copyright by Ue British Standards Isittion ‘ue Now 08 17.03:19 1986BSI BS*499: PART*L Ob Ml 1b246b9 0572217 803 Mm BS 499: Part 1: 1991 Section 3 No, Term Datnion 31 067 _overheod position ‘A welding position in which the welding is horizontal and overhead, With the centreline of the weld vertical. (See table 1.) 31 068 vertical up position ‘A.welding postion in which the welding i upwards. (See table 1.) 31069 vertical down position ‘A welding position in which the welding is downwards. (See table 1.) 31.070 inelined position ‘Any welding position not defined by the above positions. ‘The inclined position is defined by slope and rotation, a1 071 bead Asingle run of weld motal on acurtace. “able 1, Terms and symbols for malin welding postions” Terme Symbot | vetstope | wat rotnion 5 2 31 063 Flat position PA 0° 90° 180° 0° 31 064 Horizontal PB 0° 45° vertical position 0° 196° 180° 45° 180° 135° 31 085 Horizontal Pc of o° position 0: 1802 180° oO 180° 180° 31 066 Horizontal over- | PD oO 225° head position 0° 315° 160° 226° 180° 315° 31 067 Overhead postion | PE 0: | a: 180° 270° 31 068 Vertical up Pr 90° - pation 31 069 Vertical down | PG | 270° : postion ‘in ecordance wih 1906847 NOTE 1. To aved confusion with exiting sbrovt.ons fa tt, INrindpe iu oter or putn! ha bron sso oe ono {ynbal to inate nln postion. NOTE2, Tolerance forte main potion ae not soci inthe Binh Stuncard because ey dopend on the diferent welding pwooecurer md 55 Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 17.0314 1986BST Bsx4q) 85 499: Part 1: 1997 Section 3 PARTX) 01 MM Lb24bb9 0572218 74T mm | Key © Starting point => Working direction (as -45* Figure 35. Welding postions: slope (S) Horizentat referarce plane {b) Exams of slope rengng from -0° to $= 360° Vertical reference pare Figure 36. Schematic diagram of main weld Horizentat reference plane Positions Copyright by the British Slandards Isittion ‘ue Now 08 17.0315 1986 66BSI BS*499: PART#] OL ill Wb24bb9 0572229 bBb A BS 499: Part 1: 1991 Section 3 Honzental = Pe Horizontal overhead Fiat Pa Honzontal verbal Horizontat vertical 6B Horizontat Po ™ Horizontal overhead Copyright by the frtish Standards Isittion ‘ue Now 08 17.0316 1986 57BSI BS*49! PARTS) Of; MB 2624665 0572220 378 85 499: Part 1 1991 Section 3 uxdsar | 80 YGrolted Flatron 2% re 26 rte postion ag Pr rs 7 . Vote % rs Vert Vertia position down 36 x WA “6 v 4 ovine pesto = 6 vert fevizonl xs Vere potion varied 7 down > 6G H-LO45, Ayes Fee oH mas | 1 LaviPa | | 1FR L45/PA, sy Nes “ast Figure 28, Compan of UK (USA) and 10 wong positions Copyright by the British Standards lsittion ‘ue Now 08 17.0316 1986BSI BS*499: PART#} 01 MMH Db24bb4 057222) 234 ma BS 499 : Part 1: 1991 Section 3 UK (usa) 80 Axis of weld horizontal 2F PB i i af Heen a Pipe horizontal axis are |= |- Rotated for weld DZER (rotated) Horizontal vertical ets of veld Ar fe vertical Vertis! op osition Pc Vertical post reine A down oF de Ais of weld \ S — - ar ‘overnead position ae PD. Vertical » ar { 8F PF PF Vertical down Figure 38 (concluded) 59 Copyright by the British Slandards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 170317 1986BSI BSk499: PART#) 02 MM 1624669 0572222 170 mm BS 499: Part 1: 1991 Section 3 39, Penetration bead 31 072 penetration bead ‘Weld metal protruding through the root ofa fusion weld made from ‘one side only. (See figure 39.) 31 073 full penetration weld Wielding using a technique which ensure thatthe weld metal fully, penetrates the joint with complete root fusion. 31 074 penetration run ‘The first run or pass of @ multi-run weld whose penetration bead penetration past ‘can be seen, 31.075 reotrun “The first run deposited in the root of a multi-run wel. 31076 sealing run “The final run deposited on the root side ofa fusion wel. backing run NOTE, This shoul! nor be contursd with te 31 027. 31077 capping un “The final run deposited on the top surface ofa fusion wale 31078 meltrun Aline of parent metal that has been melted by pasting @ welding flame or are slong the surface of the metal 31.079 molten poot ‘The poo! of liquid metal formed during fusion welding, In electrosleg wale pool welding the term includes the slag beth. 31 080 run-on plate ‘A piece of metal so placed as to enable the full section of weld metal 10 be obtained at the beginning of joint. 31.081 runoff plate ‘A piece of metal so placed as to enable the full section of weld metal ‘tobe maintained up to the end of a joint. 31 082 permanent backing ‘A piece of metal placed at a root and oenetrated by weld metal. permanent backing ring* (See figure 29.8.) It may remain as part of the joint or be removed bby machining or other means. 31083 temporary backing ‘Appiees of metal or other material placed at 2 root and used to control temporery backing ring” the panetration of weld burt not intended ta become part of the weld. 31 084 fusible ins ‘the formation of a weld ‘A pre-placed filer material that is fused to made from one side only. (Be figure 40.) * Thess tes are applied only to the welding of pipes o tubes, Copyright by the British Slandards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 17.0318 198631 a ea a 31 3 a a at at a BSI BSx49 088, ons, 007 088 091 003 04 96 006 Figure 40, Weld preparation si Term welding speed ate of travel travel speed weaving slag chipping hammer transfer efficieney sition shoe sliver bar: deprecated wire guide wire feed nozzle rahasting temper intarpase temperature Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 17.0319 1986 PARTXL 01 Ml Lb24bb9 0572223 007 mm BS 499 : Part 1: 1991 Section 3 Fosible inert fusible insort Datiniton ‘The lenath of single or mult-run weld completed in a unit of time, “The time required to complete a unit length af a cingle run of weld oF smelt run, Tiensverse wcillaion of a electrode vr of « blowpive nocele during ‘the deposition of weld metal ‘A fused, non-metallc residue produced from some welding processes, ‘hand hammer designed forthe removal of sles from weld deposits ‘The deares to which allowing elements in a filler metal or electrode are ‘rancferred to tho weld mota. Ite usually expressed ae tho roto of the percentage ofthe element in an undiluted weld metal pad to the Percentage originally presont in the filler wire oreleotrode. The loss of alloying elements In thts case's crat due co volatilization, oxidation oF reaction with the flux and not that due to dilution “The alteration of composition of the metal deposited from a filler wire or electrode due to mixing with the melted parent materia. Itt usually expressed asthe percentage of melted parent metal in the ‘weld metal art of an clectro.siag or slactro.ga wading machi retain the pool of molten metal and slag in the joint. ‘The member in an electro:sly oF elects yes welding macnn that passes through the gap above the weld poo! in order to support the for-side shoe. ‘The part of an electro-siag or electro-gas welding machine that guides the electrode wire to the point of welding and slso earies the electric current tothe wie ‘The temperature immediately prior to the commencement of welding resulting from the heating ofthe parent metal in the region of the weld na multi-run weld, the temperature of the weld ara ei ‘metal immediately prior to the application of the next run. 61BSI BS*499: PART#L OF MM Lb246b9 0572224 T43 mm BS 499 : Part 1: 199 Section 3 No. Term 31 097 stringer bood ‘Arun of wold metal made with litte or no weaving motion. 31.098 end tapering ‘An operation in which dhe ends) of «run is graduelly tapered to lengure that subsequent runs can be effected without incurring any lack of root or interpass fusion, 31-092 contact tube ‘A metal tube in a meta-are or electro-slag welding head for passing welding current to, and for au 1-8 wire electrode. Subsection 32. Terms relating only to arc welding 32.001 are welding Fusion welding in which neat for welaing Is obtained from an clectic are of arcs, 32.002 meta-are welding ‘Are welding using a consumable electrode. 32.003 manual matal-are walding Metal-arc welding with straight covered electrodes of a suitable lenath MMA welding and applied by the operator without automatic or semi-automatic ‘means of replacement. No protection in the form of a gas or mixture fof guece from 9 separate zoureo ie applied to the are or moltan pool ring welding. 32.004 carbon-are wong ‘Ace welding using @ carbon electrode or electrode. 32005 open are welding ‘Ace welding in which the arc i visible 32 006 controtad-are wading ‘Are welding in which the elactode is fed to the area arate controlled by the are voltage to maintain a constant are length. 32.007 self-adjusting re welding Metal-are welding in which the electrode is fed at @ constant speed while the are length ie maintained substantially constant by th Inherent electrical characteristics ofthe welding current circu 32.008 touch welding ‘Metal-arc welding using a covered electrode, the covering of which is contact weiding kept in contact withthe parent metal during welding, 32 008 parallel welding ‘Are welding using two electrodes connected in paralel to one power soures and foading the same run or bead. 32.010 multi-power welding ‘Are welding using two or more power sources, sach connected to a ‘separate electrode, which feed the same run of bead 32.011 series are welding ‘Arc welding using two electrodes connected in series to one power souren and which feed the same run or bead. 32.012 metal active-gas welding Gas-shieldee metal-arc welding using a consumable wire electrode MAG welding ‘whore the shielding is provided by a shroud of active or non-inert (85 oF mixture of gases, 32 013 Gas shielded metal-are welding using a consumable wire electrode whore the shielding is provided by a shroud of inert ges. 32 014 tungsten inert-gas welding Gas-shielded are welding using a non-consumabie pure or activates TIG welding ‘ungstan olectrode where tho shielding is provided by a shrous of inert a5. 62 Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘ue Now 09170320 1996BSI BSxu99: PART#) OL 32 015 32 016 submerged-re welding SA welding 32.017 CO; welding 32.018 electro-gas welding 32.019 are spot welding 32 020 32021 MIG spot welding inertgas consumable electrode spot welding 32 022 tungsten-are spot welding 32.023 T1G spot welding Inertaas tunasten-are spot welding 32.021 CO, spot walding 32.025 are std welding 32 026 atomic-hydrogen welding 32.027 electrode arc velding electrode 32 028 —_non-consumable electrode 32 029 consumable slectrode 32 030 bare wire oleerode sz us 32 032 sheathed electrode Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 170321 1986 WH 1b24bb9 0572225 987 a BS 499; Part 1: 1991 Section 3 ation Metal-arc welding in whieh a covered electrode is or electrodes are laid on the parent metal, The arc is started betwoan one end of the electrode and the work and travels along the work asthe electrode molt. \Metal-are welding in which a bare wire electrode or strip is used, the ar\s) being enveloped in a granular flux, some of which fuses to form a removable covering of sag on the weld Metal-are welding in which a bare wire electrode is used, the are and ‘molten p00! boing shialded with asrbon dioxide. ‘Are welding wing a gas-shielded consumable electrode to deposit metal Into a motten pool, retained in the joint by cooled shoes wich move rogressively upwards 2s the joint is mace ‘Arc welding in which overlapping parts are joined by fusing through ‘one component into the other and so producing a fusion weld at the favina surfaces. Men re spot welding using covered electrode, ‘Acc spot welding using a bare consumable electrode with the are and ‘molten pool shielded by gas that is wholly or mostly inert. ‘Are spot welding using a tungsten electrode, ‘Are spot welding using a tungsten electrode with the are and molten ool shielded by gas that is wholly or mostly inert ‘Are spot welding using a consumable electrode in which the are and ‘molten pool are shielded from the atmosphere by carbon dioxide gas ‘Stud welding using an are welding process. (See term 10 031.) ‘Are welding in which molecular hydrogen, passing through an arc between two tungsten or other suitable electrodes, is changed to Its atomie form and then recombines to supply the heat for welding. ‘A104, tube oF wire of metal or 8 rod of carbon between one end of ‘Which and either the work or another electrode the arc is formed, NOTE, This ould not be confused with orm 22 026 ‘An electrode that does not provide filler metal An trode that provides filler metal ‘Asolid wire or rod consumable electrode without covering or core, ‘A consumable electrode having a covering of flux or other material, NOTE. Tho to fu’ i thi content tua int rdinary engineering ane, ‘The cowering is sometimes loosely decribed as fun, whether oF nat ot ‘A coverad electrode having an external sheath,BSI BS*NS9: BS 499: Part 1: 1997 Section 3 32.033 cored slectrode flux-cored wire: deprecated 32 034 rutile electrode 32 099 32 036 bate electrode low hydrogen electrode: deprecated 32 037 hydrogen controlled electrode 32 038 —_iron powder electrode 32 039 iron oxide electrode 32 040 alloy powder electrode 22.041 contact electrode touch type electrode 32 042 _deop penetration electrode 32 043 hard facing electrode hard surfacing electrode 22.044 welding heod 32 045 guide tube 32 048 erate filer 32.047 ore voltage Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 170322 1986 PARTS 01 MM L24669 0572226 Alb Ml Definition ‘A consumable electrode having a core of flux or other materials NOTE. The ter lux in this contexte uted ines ordinary engineering sng ‘A covered electrode in which the covering contains 2 high proportion Of titanium dioxide, ‘A covered electrode In which the covering contains @ high proportion of cellulose, ‘A covered electrode in which the covering is based on calelum carbonate and fluoride ‘A covered electrode that, when used correctly, produces les than @ specifie amount of diffusible hydrogen in the deposit. A covered electrode in which the covering contains @ high proportion fof iron in the form of «power which acts ae addtional filler meta. Acovered electrode in which the covering contains a high proportion of iron oxide, ‘A covered electrode in which the coverina contains powders which. ‘with the core wire, form an allay when deposited. A covered electrode that maintains a eutable ae length when the edge ‘of a cup, formed by the covering around the arc, is held in continuous contact with the workpiec, ‘A covered electrode in which the covering ds the production of a penetrating are to give deeper than normal fusion in the roat ofa joint. ‘A metal-arc welding electrode which, by virtue of the composition of ‘the core or the covering or bath, will denasit metal that is hardee than ‘the parent metal or can be hardened, ‘A device used in automatic are welding plants comprising an electrode ‘feed mechanism and means for conveying current to the electrode, Ie may include electrode straightening gear and may be stationary while the work isin motion or vice ves Arigid tube that guides a filler wie or electrode but does not convey current, ‘A device used in automatic and semi-automatic are welding. or are spot \wolding, that gradually reduces the welding current atthe end of a weld run or just before the arc is extinguished, thereby preventing the formation ofa erater. “The voltage betweon slactrodes or between an electrode and the work, ‘measured at a polnt as near as practicable To the ere.32.048 32 049 32 050 32 051 32 052 32 053 32 064 32 05s 32 056 32 057 32 058 BST BSe4S9: PARTH) 02 MM Lb24bL9 OS72227 752 Me are energy {heat input) ‘rue are voltage striking voltage etriking voltage no-load voltage ‘pen circuit voltage ‘spark starting HF ignition| ‘eve ssignition wattage spark ssignition HF reignition surge reignition surge injector HE unit HF lonizer: deprecated Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 170323 1986 Issue 2, November 1996 BS 499 : Part 1: 1991 Section 3 rc energy is the amount of heat generated in the are per unit length of weld (ki/mm) defined by the formula: Beto w where Vis the arc voltage (in V) is the welding current {in A) wis the welding speed (in mm/s). NOTE. Heat input tothe weld i determined from the formula: Host input = are energy x thermal efciney factor For guidance, hoot input values tothe wal for various processes can be ‘alelated from the ae energy by mulipiyng by te flowAng tera ‘efficiency fetors: Submerged arc welding (wie electrode): Ma (covered elecrroae) MAG welding MiG welding Flux cored wited mot aro welding (oth or without gue sisi) “TG welding Plasma welding ‘The voltage between the two ands of an eletrie are “The minimum voltage at which any specific are may be initiated, ‘A transient voltage that develops between the electrode and the workpiece immediately following arc extinction, causing the are to |i 2 welding plant ready for welding, the voltage between two output ‘terminals that are carrying no current. Janition of an are by a high voltage high frequency spark apelied ‘acrots the are gap. In tungtten inert. gat welding, the voltage between the electrode and ‘work requited to reignite an a.c. are atthe start of each half cycle Aeignition of an a.c. are, after extinction at zero current, BY 8 igh voltage high frequency spark applied across the are gap. Reigntion of the ae, after extinction at zero current, bya voltage ‘pulse applied across the arc gap when the electrade is patitive, ‘to produce a superimposed restriking voltage. (See figure 41.) ‘A device for maintaining an a.. are by surge reignition, Ahigh frequency electrical oscillator used to enable an are to be initiated without contact betwsen the electrode and the work 65BST BS*U59: PART# OL MM Ub24bL9 0572228 £99 Ml BS 499; Part 1: 1991 Section 3 \ \ ' | | Voltage surge 1 Ie Splice for are 4 i ape t i 1 | WV t {| | | ' AL | Powe, eo Sars ass . Voltage Tine —m Sc Fire 1, Sue raion Ne. Term 32 059 are welding power source arc welding plant 32 060 constant-voltage welding power souree, 82.061 drooping characteristic ‘welding power source 32 082 ing characteristic welding Power source 32 063 motor generator welding ‘power eource 32 004 rectifier welding power source 32 065 ——_sope-controtied welding ‘power souree 32.066 arcing time Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 170323 1986 Datiniton ‘Apparatus for providing and controlling electrical energy tor ‘welding are (single operator welding) oF for two or mora welding ares multi-operator welding). ‘An are welding power source whose terminal voltage re tubstantially conetant between full load and no load. ‘An are wolding power source the terminal voltage of which drops to ' value eppreciably below the open circuit voltage efter the arc hee been struck, ‘An are welding power source the terminal vottage of whlch rises 10.8 ‘value slightly above the open cireut voltage after the arc has been struck. ‘An are welding power source consisting ofa generator and an electric motor which are directly couplad, far supplying direct current for welding. ‘An are welding power source consisting of a stato converter for supplying direct current for welding from an a.c. supply. ‘An are welding power source, the voltampere charactariatie uf wh ‘can be selected from substantially flat to drooping to obtain the desired are condition. NOTE. This enould not be contort with tem 22 083. “The time during which the welding arc is maintained. 68BSI BS#499: PARTHL O 32 087 arcing time factor 32 068 load current 32.089 load voltage 32 070 32.071 maximum continuous hhand- welding current 32 072 typical electrode current M™ Lb24bb9 0572229 525 me BS 499: Part 1: 1991 Section 3 Datinition “The ratio of arcing time to the total time the supply is available for the ae, ‘Any current flowing for test purposes between the output terminals ‘of an arc welding st (0. thoso to which the electrode and return leads ‘ae connected) through & resistance loa ‘The voltage between the output terminals ofan are welding set when the load eurrent is flowing. “The maximum curtont that can he supplied from a single welding point at a specified load voltage. nt that a single woiding point is capable of supplying, without the plant exceeding the specified rise in temparature, when supplying a are for an operstor engaged continuously on manual metal-are welding. ‘The current at which an in a given position. scrode may generally be used satisfactorily Current a ‘ Partial ectifiation adced Balanced wave but total due to eurent zero pause current reduced due to | patil rectification Current 1 Cuvent ? Inherent rectification Balanced wave Figure 42, Types of rectification Copyright by the British Standards Institution ‘Tue Now 08 170324 1986 Complete rectifietion Are gradually extinguished Without series capacitor With series capacitor i) (due to persistance of, ‘complete rectificstions Tine orBSI BS 499: Part 1 1991 Section 3 No. Term 32.073 slectrode current ra 32.074 sero current peus 32.075 partial rectification 32 076 32 077 inheront rectification 2 ora power arc: deprecated! 32.073 pilot are 32 080 stefan 32.081 gat shield 32.082 TIG toreh argon-are torch 92083 MIG oun CO; gua 32.084 plata torch plasma gun: deprecated 32 085 atomi-hydragen torch 32 086 hydrogen valve 32.087 torch angle 32 088 electrode extension 32.089 electrode positive Copyright by the British Slandards Isittion ‘ue Now 09 170325 1986 BSUS9! PARTS] Ob MM Db24bb9 0572230 247 mm Dati ‘The range of current within which an electrode can be used satisfactorily ‘The period of time in a ha cycle between arc extinction and reignition during which no current flows. In tungsten inert-gas welding, the loss of current during part of each half eycle when the electrode is positive, The arc, extinguished as in complete recitation, is ignited later inthe same half evele. (See figure 42.) In tungsten inert-gas welding, the complete loss of current during each half cycle when the electrode is positive, due to fallure of the arc to reignite. (See figure 42.) {In tungsten inert-gas welding, the asymmetry between the positive and the negative ral eyeles of currant that normally exists even when there is no partial or complete rectification. (See figure 42.) ‘An atc that supplies welding heat for are welding A low-intensity are to feilitate the striking of the main are “The fan shoped flame essocieted with the atomie-hydrogen are. A ayer of gas surrounding the weld zone to facilitate the making of awe, ‘A combined electrode holder and gas nozzle to convey current to ‘the electrode and gas to shield the are ancl weld ares, ‘A combine! slactodla contact tube and nozzie to canvey current to {8 wire electrode and gusto shield the arc and weld area, ‘A combined electrode holder end constricting gas nozzle desigred to produce a plasma arc or a plasma jet from the arc. ‘An electrode holder carrying the electrodes and incorporating @ means of supplying hydrogen to the arc in atomie-hydrogen welding. ‘An electrically operated on/off valve used in atomic-hydrogen welding to allow hydrogen to flow only when an arc has been struck, ‘The angle betwoen the longitudinal axis ofthe joint being welded and the electrode within the torch, measured inthe plane containing the two. ‘The length of electrode projecting beyond the current contact tube (oF collet during welding with cerzan are welcing processes. ‘Are welding using direct current in which the electrode is connected ‘0 the positive pole ofthe supply. NOTE. This has sometas been know in Grit practice a trait potaity’ {sere are depress,32 090 32 091 32 092 32 00a 32 095 32 096 2 wr 32 008 32 099 32100 32 101 92 102 32 103 32 108 32 105 BSI BS*499: PARTXL lectrode negative metal transfer globular transfor spray tranefor droplet transfer Particle transfer frequency dip transfer malt uses matt burden ‘loctrode efficiency electrode recovery; electrode yield wire feed rate stubsin stray nash stray arcing spatter loss Copyright by the British Slandards lsittion ‘Tue Now 09 170326 1988 OD M™ 1e24bb9 057223) 183 A BS 499 : Part 1: 1991 Section 3 ‘Are welding using direct current in which the electrode is connected to the negative pole ofthe supply. NOTE, This ae sometimes beon known in Brith pretice a ‘revered polity’ land in American practi os straight polarity’ For this reason both these {ers wre depres, ‘The transfer of metal across the arc from a consumable electrode to the molten pool [Metal transfer which takes place as globules of diameter substantially larger than that of the consumable aleetravla fron wiih they are wwarstferred, [Metal transfor which takes place os a rapidly projected stream of droplets of diameter not larger than that ofthe consumable electrode from which they are ansforred. ‘The frequency with which metal globules or droplets are transferred across the are from the end of a consumable electrode. A method of metal-are welding in which fused particles of the ‘lactrvla wire in contact with the molten pool are detached fram the ‘electrode in rapid suocession by the short-ercuit current which develops every time the wire touches the molten pool ‘The flux used in submerged: are welding GGss-like material formed from the powdered flux during submerged-arc welding ‘The ratio of the mass of metal deposited to the mass of core wire consumed for 8 given electrode ‘The linear rate of feeding an electrode wire in automatic or aml-automatic welding, “The part of an electrode used in manual metal-arc welding that is, iscarded after deposition ofthe electrode’s practicable length, Freezing of the alactrode into the wale Fusing of the electrode wire to the current contact tube by sudden lengthening ofthe ar in any form of automatic or semivautomatic, ‘metal-arc welding using a bare wire electrode, (1) ne damage on tne parent material resulting tram the accidental sviking ofan arc away from the wea. (2) The accidental striking of an are away from the wold (3) Accidental exposure of the eye tothe radiation from an electric ac, (See term 10 047.) “The proportion of a consumable ‘that is lost as spatter. trode or electrode core wire 69BST BS*499: PARTX) OF MM Lb246b9 0572232 O17 mm BS 499: Part 1: 1991 Section 3 No. Term 32108 striking plate 92 107 automatic stud ‘welding equipment 32 108 stud welding tool 32 100 spatter shield 32110 stud welding controller 92111 stud welding gun 3212 tite, 32.113 aredamper are low compensator 32.114 granular flux filled stud 32118 metalized fluxed stud 82116 slugloaded stud 27 92 18 82.119 fluxed ferrule. 32 120 MIG pulsed-are welding 32121 TIG pulsed are weld 32122 plasma are wedi are plasma welding Copyright by te British Standards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 170327 1986 A piace of material, kept close to the workpiece, an which an arc struck before the electrode is transferred to the work, ‘Stud welding equipment in which the complete sequence of operations is automatically controlled aftor being initiates ‘An appliance for holding, positioning and controlling the movernent ‘of the etue during stud welding, and fer conveying pressure and current to it during the welding cycle. ‘A device on a stud welding 100110 restrict the spread of weld spettr. ‘The part ofa stud welding equipment used to control the sequence ‘of operations in the making ofa stud weld A.stud welding tool intended to be held in the hand ‘The distance by which the stud is retracted from the parent metal In order to initiate the ave in stud wolding. ‘A devieo in a stud welding tool for controlling the are blow in the ‘wolcing arc ‘A stud, hollow at che welding end, containing granular flux held in placa by a metal cap. ‘A stud that i fluxed on the walding end by a metallization prosoee, ‘A stud to the welding end of which ie attached a solid slug or pellet of flux, ‘The ring of weld metal formed round the bese of a welded stud. A sleeve or bush of refractory material surrounding the base of a stud uring arc stud welding to protect and contain the molten metal and, where require, to shape the wed fillet. Asloeve, bush or cap containing mataral for fluxing purposes for attachment to the end of a stud, ‘Metal inert-gas welding in which a background direct current are is ‘maintained to supply heat to the workpiece and electrode wire and a Feguier pulsed current of the same polarity (usualy electrode positive) ‘and of a higher peak value is applied to control metal transfer ‘Tungsten inert-gas welding in which a background direct current ‘maintsined to preserve an jonized path for the arc and e regular pulsed current of the same polarity (ueualy electrode negative) is applied to comtrolheet input to the workpiece. ‘Arc welding in which the heat for welding Is produosd with @ ‘constricted are betwoon either an electrode and the workpiece (a transferred arc); or between an electrode and the constricting nozzle (a non-transterred arc); plasma being generated by the hot ionized _g28es issuing from the orifice and supplemented by an auxiliary source of shieldina 6 70BSI BS*499: PART*1 01 Term 92123 are welding transformer 32 124 self-regulating arc-welding ‘transformer 22125 de. welding generator 32.128 salfregulating de. welding generator 32.127 ae, wolding gonerator 32 128 engine driven walding set 22 129 tate characteristic 32130 dynamic characteristic 32.131 areblow 32132 arelength 32.133 braided electrode 32 194 dipped electrode 32 135 extruded alectrode 32 136 wrapped electrode 22137 dante slag solid slog 32138 32 139 32 140 32 141 viscous slag a2 M2 Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘ue Now 08 170328 1986 WH 2624669 0572233 TSt mm BS 4y: Part 1 Section 3 1997 ‘A transformer designed to provide electrics welding arcs, y for one or more ‘Are-welding transformer in which the voltage drop inereases substantially with the secondary load currant. A direct-currant generator designed for providing electrical energy to ‘one or more welding ees. ‘Adee, welding generator in which the voltage drop increases substantally withthe load current. ‘An alternating-current generator designed for providing electrical tereryy toons or more welding ars. ‘An are welding set consisting of a generator and an engine, which are directly coupled, for supplying el ‘The relationship between the output current of a welding power source and the voltage across a practically non-inductive load connected to the output terminals ‘The change with time of voltage and current in response to alterations in load, = wher initisting a weld ‘A lengthening or deflection of a welding are eaused by an asymmetric distribution of magnetic flux sround the are “The distance between the end of an electrode and the bottom of the are rater whan welding A covered electrode with the covering reinforced by a process of brsiing ‘A covered electrode produced by single or multiple dipping of the core wie into paste of flux. A covered electrode produced by extruding the flux on to the core wire. covered 10 the core wi trode with all or part of the covering of flux wound on A slag of limited porosity thet may exert mechanical pressure to produce 9 zmooth weld fac ‘Aslag that has a honeyeomb structure, A slag that crumbles easily to aid removal A slag with slow freezing properties that flows freely during ‘deposition of an electrode ‘Aslag with quick freezing properties that doos not flow freely ‘during deposition of an electrode, Metal-are welding using an electrode supported by a mechanism that allows the electrode to descend and move alona the joint under oravity. nBSI BS*499: PARTS) OL MM 2624669 0572234 992 mm BS 499: Part 1: 1991 Section 3 Ne, Term 32 143 92 144 gasthiolded are welding 32 145 gat-shielded metal-are welding 32 148 ——-micro-plasma are welding 92 147 strip surfacing strip cladding 32 148 stick electrode 32 149 continuous covered electrode 32 160 overall weld matal recovery 32.181 deposition efficieney metal recovery 32 152 deposition coetficiont 32 153 synergle pulsed MIG welding Datiniton Metal-are welding using @ cored electrode in which materials for controlling the quality ofthe weld metal ae contained in the wire ‘oF core without the use of an external snieiaing, ‘Arc welding in which the arc and molten poo! are shielded from the atmosphere by an envelope of ges supplied from an external soutes. Metal-are welding using either a hare wire or eared slectade in which the arc and molten poo! ae shielded from the etmorp envelope of gas supplied from an external source. Plasma arc welding with currents generally less than 25 A. ‘Surfacing by automatic submerged-arc or gas-shielded are welding in whieh the electrode isin the form of a strip, A straight covered electrode for metal-arc welding having one end bar for insertion in an electrode holder ‘A covered elactrode supplied in evils for automatic welding, having @ ‘core wire surrounded by two or more helically wound wires which reinforce the covering and conduct cutter ty the wwe wire. “The ratio of the mass of wold metal deposited under specified conditions” to the total mass of electrode expressed as a percentage ‘The ratio of the mass of weld metal denosited under specified conditions" to the total mass of electrode concumed, exclusive of ‘the stub end, expressed asa percentage. ‘The mess of weld metal deposited under specified conditions” per ampere minute for a given electrode. ‘A form of pulsed MIG welding using elactranie eantrl loge to “determine the value of the pulse parameters and puls frequency, ‘according to the selected value of wire feed speed, NOTE. 1 he length of the cone Figure 43. Neutral oxy-acetylene flame NOTE. WVis the length of the cone. 11 ithe eneth ofthe feather. Figure 44. carburizing oxy-acatylone flame Copyright by the British Slandards Isittion ‘Tue Now 09 170329 1996 2BSI BSa499: PARTS) 0} MM bb24bb9 0572235 625 mm BS 499 : Part 1: 1991 Section 3 NOTE. Wis he length ofthe cone, 2%. ithe length of te feather Fi 1 45, Carburizing oxy-acetylone flame for a hard surfacing application to achow scone lenge than Figure 46. Oxidising oxy-seotylene flame ‘Subsection 33. Terms relating only to gas welding No. 33 001 33 002 33 003 33.008 33 005, 33 006 33 007 Tom (2 welding xy-acerylane waleing etal flame reducing flame ‘corburizing flamer leftward welding forward weldina Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 170330 1986 Fusion welding, with or without filer metal, in whieh the heat for Welding is produced by the combustion of a furl git ar grees with an admixture of oxygen, {Gee wolding in which the fuel gos is acetylene NOTE. Other fue gases ar also ute with oxygen (i, butans, hydrogen and ropanelin euch ear apprise elteations to the ter and the definition ‘Alamein which the first stage of combustion is complete, with no ‘coms of oxygen in the cone visible at the nozzle orifice, (See figure 43.) AA lame in which the portion used has a de-oxidizing effect. {A flame in which there isan excese of a carbonaceous fuel gas, resulting in ecatbon-rich zone extending around anc beyond the cone. (See figures 44 and 45.) ‘A flame in which there isan excess of oxygon, resulting in an oxygen: rich zone just beyond the cone, (See figure 46.) ‘A welding technique in whieh the flame is directed toward the Lunwelded part and the filler rod, when used. is directed towards the woldod part ofthe joint. (See figure 47.) 73BSI BS*499: PARTx O1 MM Lb24bb9 0572236 765 mE BS 499: Part 1: 1991 Section 3 No. Tom Definition 83 008 rightward welding ‘A welding technique in which the flame is directed towards the backward welding welded part and the filer rod is directed towerds the unwelded tort of the joint, (See figure 46.) Direction ot | welding Leftward ~ Rightward | Figure 47, Leftward welding | Figure 48, Rightward welding 353 009 al: portion rightward welding A weil tvhonguein which te flame an filler rou ave divested towards the unwelded part of the join, the welding rod being directed inbetween the flame and the weld. (See figure 49.) 33.010 surface-fusion welding {Gas welding in which a carburizing flame is used to melt the surface semi-fusion welding: dearecated of the parent metal which then unites with molten metal from 2 suitable filer rod. NOTE. This apolcstion i used fr har facing, builng up and the ike. Direction of welding 4 Direction of welding Figure 49, All-position rightward welding 74 Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 170330 1986BSI Bsxus) 2} PARTS) 01 Ml L624b69 0572237 GT) mm BS 499: Part 1: 1991 Section 3 Subsection 34. Terms relating only to aluminothermic welding No, Term Detinition 34 001 aluminothermic welding Fusion welding in which welding heat is obtained from reacting ‘hermit welding thermit mixture and in which the molten metal produced is the ‘ler meral, The paren meral fs preneated. 34 002 tharmit mixture A mixture of metalic oxides and finely divided aluminium, ‘whose ignition produces an exothermic reaction, reducing the ‘mixture to molten metal and siag accompanied by intense heat. seal orcartronwo belied ‘A readily ignitable miture, usually of powdered aluminium and , used for initiating the rezetion in aluminothermic 34 004 igniter ‘A davice used in place of ignition powder. 34-005 hermit erie ‘Avestel in which the thermit ection takes place thas hole in the bottom through which the moltn metal pases (Se figure 50.) 24 006 stone Aring of cefractory materia usually prested magnesite, built into the bottom of ethermit rucble forthe reception of ethimble {Gee figure £0) 34007 thimble ‘Arenewable rng of refractory material, usually mapnsite inserted in {one to aw occa whe the crue tapved (ae fgue 60) 34 008 tapping pin /Ametal plug closing the hole in a thimble (See figure 60.) — | Crucible 7a Gueidie | shel A Chanel N\ HH ox —_ wgsing ochre (haat Stag basin WW sete resistant, rot asbestos) \\ a Thinble Riser — Stag shute: Pouring gate PAL If: | Iron plug or sand core: Tepping steg__.f pin pot reheating gate Cotter “mtouid Section to be welded NOTE. The cuoprt for she crucible i nat shown, Figure 50. Basic equipment for aluminothermic welding 78 Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 170331 1986BSI BS*499: PARTH) 0} MM 124669 0572238 538 BS 499: Part 1: 1991 Section 3 Ne. Term 34 009 plugging material 34 010 wax pattern 34.011 mould 94 012 preheating gate 34 013 pouring gate 34 014 34.015 slag basin 34.016 slagpot 34.017 slag shute 34018 collar Definition Rotractory material placed on top ofa tapping pin to prevent the pin from melting, (See figure 50.) ‘A pattern formed of wax thet is moulded sround the parts to be ‘welded, and which becomes the foundation of a mould. Its meted ‘out prior to preheating. ‘A receptable that may be either formed round the parts to be welded fr preformed and placed round ther to receive the moltan metal from the erucible. (See figure 50.) high en sand ord plas cay. ‘An opening in a mould to facilitate preheating of parts to be joined by aluminothermic welding, (See figure 50.) An opening in a mould into which the molten matal is poured from ‘the crucible, (See figure 50.) ‘A reservoir of molten metal above the highest point of an alumino: ‘thermic weld to compensate for shrinkage and to collect scale and ‘other impurities arising during welding (See figure 60.) ‘A depression in the top of a mould to contain a portion of the sag, (See Figure 60.) ‘A vessel to receive slag overflowing from the slag basin. (See Figure 60.) ‘A channel to conduct slag from the slag basin into the slag pot. (See figure 50.) Weld metal projecting around the periphery of a weld made by luminothermie walcing. (Se figure 60.) Subsection 35. Terms relating only to electron beam welding 35 001 eon beam welding EB welding 35 002 electron bearn welding machine 35 003 electron gun 35 004 Low voltage electron gun 35 005 medium voltage electron gun 35 006 high vottage sleetron gun 35 007 dlreetly heated gun Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 17.0332 1986 Fusion welding in which the neat tor welding i generated by the impact of a focused beam of electrons. ‘Apparatus for providing and controlling the energy and including if necessary the associated work manipulating system for making ‘an electron beam wel. ‘A device for producing electrons and the means by which they are eccelesated and focused on to the workpieee. ‘An electron gun with an accelerating voltage up to end including 40 kV. ‘An electron gun with an aecelerating voltage grater than 40 kV up to and including 60 kV, ‘An electron gun with an accelerating voltage greater than 60 kV. ‘An electron gun in which the cathode is heated directly by the filament ‘current (se figures 1 and 52), 76BSI BS*499: PARTX) Oh MM 2b24bb9 0572239 474 Ml BS 499: Part 1: 1991 Section 3 Cathode Saino —__+$9 sit acelaratin voltage 2 Anode ———sle==) Focusing — sD ttecron | Bs Figure 51. Diagrammatic representation of a diode gun Bios tolfage Cathode — Accelerating sy fate al | Grid, | — tleetrode Anode com 7) i} Electron | bean Figure 62, Diagrammatic representation ofa triods gun 7 Copyright by the British Slandards Isittion ‘Tue Now 08 170339 1986BST BSeNIG: PARTHL 01 MM Lb24Lb9 OS72240 156 mm 8S 490: Part 1: 1001 Section 3 =F Back—bonbardnent +f voltage Pins + frottoge Cathode — Brig electrode Anode Focusing lens. Electron - bean Figure 83. Diagrammatic ropresentation of a back-bombsrded gun Ne, term Datintson 35 008 —_back-bombarded gun ‘An eloctron gun in which the cathode is heated by bombardment with ‘lactrons from a separated primary gun (sae figure 83) 35 000 diode gun ‘An electron gun, directly heated, with two electrodes wherein the ‘bear current is adjusted by varying the exthode temperature, accelerating voltage or electrode spacing or any combination of these variables (eo figure 51). 35 010 triode gun ‘An electrode gun, directly heeted, with three electrodes wherein the ‘beam current fs usualy controlted by a grid electrode but is dependent ‘on the cathode temperature, the accelerating voltage and perveance {s0e figure 52). 35 011 cathode “The source from which electrons are emitted, filament 35 012 filament current “The current that heats the cathode to a temporeture to produce the heater current required electron emission 35 013 grid electrode ‘Tho electrode that controls the magnitude of the beam current and bias electrode which is negative in respect to the eathode ofthe electron gun, 35 014 cathode shield ‘The electrode that surrounds the cathode and i at the same potential field electrode 35 016 —_aceelerating voltage ‘The voltege between the cathode and the anode that accelerates the slectrone. 8 Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘ue Now 08 17.0330 198635 016 35 017 35 018 35 019 35 020 35 021 35 022 35 023 35 024 35 025 35 026 38 027 35 028 35 029 35 030 35 031 BSI BS#NS9: PART#L perveance bias voltage ‘beam current control eam power beam power der specific boam power beam deflector deflection coils focusing tens focus control focal pot callout work distance ‘optical viewing system full vacuum system hard acum eystern partial vacuum system soft vacuum system ‘out of vacuum system rnon-vecuum system Copyright by the Britis Standards tsitlion ‘ue Now 08 17.0335 1986 OL MM Lb24eb5 0572243 O22 mm BS 499: Part 1: 1991 Section 3 Datiniton “The current flowing between the eathade and the anode of an electron gun, expressed in milliampe ‘A geometric characteristic, G, of an electron gun that relates the current and accelerating voltage according to the formula: ae ya where 1 ie the beam eurront {in amporoe) Vis the aceslerating voltage in volts). ‘A voltage applied between the cathode and the arid electrode to ‘contcol the magnitude nf beam curent independently of accelerating voltage and perveance changes. ‘A means of adjusting the bear current by controlling the bias voltage for the cathode temperatures or by changing the perveance value “The product of accelerating voltage and beam current, expressed in kilowa ‘The value expressed in kilowatts per unit area, obtained by dividing the beam power by the cross-sectional area ofthe electron beam at 42 specified position. ‘An electromagnetic means of deflecting the electron beam. [Magnetic coils or electrostatic devices vich provide the field for focusing the electron beam, ‘A device to control the maanitude of the current or voltage in the focusing lens. ‘The part of the besm beyond the lene system where the beam ‘comes to @ minimum cross-sectional area ‘The vintance betmaen Uw oan of dhe focusing les and te fora! spot of the electron beam, ‘The distance between a reference point, usualy the lower member of the electron gun, and the point at which the beam impinges on the workpiece ‘A means for viewing the point of besm impingement by lacking ‘down the path of the slectron beam, ‘An electron beam welding machine, the work chamber and electron fun of which aperate at a vacuum of better than & x 10~* mbar (6x 10"? Pa), ‘An election beam welding machine with a separacely pumped electron un, the work chamber of which operates ata vacuum in the range 5x 10° mbar to x 10! mbar (5 x 10°! Pa to 80 Pa) ‘An electron beam welding machine with a separately pumped electron ‘unin witch the electron beam is transmitted via a specially desioned orifice tothe workpiece in an environment at atmospheric pressure, 79BSI BS*499: PARTx} 01 MH DL24LL9 0572242 Tho Mm BS 499: Part 1: 1991 Section 3 We, Denton 35 032 separately purnped olactron gun An electron gun pumped to a vacuum better than 1 x 104 mbar (1 x 10°? Pa) irrespective ofthe pressure surrounding the workpiece. 35 033. beam spinning “The use of magnetic deflection ofthe beam to cause it to describe a 35 024 beam pulsing Circular path in order to redistribute the energy profile, usually the ‘requency of rotation being inthe range 0 He to 5000 Hz. ‘The production of a non-continuous electron beam, ‘Subsection 36. Terms relating only to electro-slag welding 30 001 electro-sag welding 36 002 consumable wir consumable nozzle Fusion welding utilizing the combined ettects ot current and electrical tance in 8 consumable electrode(s) and a conducting bath of ‘molten slag through which the slectrode(s) passes into @ molten pool, both the pool and slag bath being retained in the joint by cooled shoes which move progressively upwards. After an inital arcing petiod, the end of the electrode is covered by the rising tag, and melting then continues until the joint is completed. (See figure 54.) ‘A wire guide, which may be coated ur wncowted, made ofr similar in composition to that being welded and progressively consumed to form part of the weld met 1. lets tobe welded 2.Shoee 3. Morten slog 5 Moiten metal 7. Piper for czoting medium Figure 64, Electro sag welding 0 Copyright by the itis Standards Isittion ‘ue Now 08 170336 1986BSI BS¥459: PART#) OL MM Db24b65 0572243 47S Mi 36 003 36 008 38 005 ‘Subsection 37. Terms relating only to light rac 37 001 37 002 37 003 37 008 37 005 37 008 erm cooled show starting block oloctro-stag welding flux light radiation welding solid state taser are image welding Copyright by the British Slandards Isittion ‘ue Now 08 170337 1986 BS 499: Part 1: 1981 Section 3 Definition ‘A metal shoe, having passages for the cooling medium, chat supports the molten pool and which is moved upwards a welding progress ‘A piece of metal thet is placed at the bottom of the joint preparation and used to strike the starting arc and which supports the initial ‘molten pool. {A flux that, when molten. forms a slag pool of controlled electrical Conductivity which melts the filler metal pasing through and protects the molten weld pool. tion welding Fusion welding in which the heat for fusion is produced by an optically {focused beam of radiation, welding being carried out in a vacuum or ‘under the protection of a shielding gas or under normal atmospheric conditions, generally without the addition of a filler metal Fusion welding in which the heat for fusion is produced by a coherent bbeem of monochromatic radiation from a lare. Equipment for producing a coherent beam of monochromatic radiation, NOTE, The word late i davived trom Light Anplifiestion by Stimulated Emission of Raiation. ‘A laser in which the beam is generated by a solid medium, €¢g, yttrium aluminium garnet. A laser in vihich the beam is generated by an act Light radiation welding in which the heat for fusion i produced by 1 non-coherent beam of radiation ofa particular frequency band, the source of light being an arc. a1BST BS*499: PARTx) O} MM 4624669 0572244 83) Mm 1S 499: Part 1: 1997 Section 4 Section 4. Terms relating to braze welding and brazing ‘Subsection 41. Terms relating only to braze welding No Tom Detaton 41-001 braze welding ‘The joining of metas using a technique similar to fusion welding and «filler metal wth a lower melting point than the parent meta, but nether using enillorywotion etn brazing nor intentionally melting the arent metal 41 002 bronze wotaing ‘A torm of braze welding in wich copper-rih filer metals used. NOTE. Th tr rons not ied Neen th rcinary metalurgis sn 41003 gas fuxing ‘A method of supplying a flux in gas form to the joint during braze welding. The flux, originally liquid, is generally entrained by the {foo gat from a cieponer ond pers through the flame tothe oint. 41 004 bronze filler metal Fille mal used for bronze welding, consisting basically of copper bronze welding roa {ana zine It may azo contain nikal, manganese oF other metals NOTE. The tem bona’ not utd hee inte arene metal see 47-005 ball bute joint {A joint between two pipas of similar ameter, in which one pipe end ‘is éwaged out to recave the end ofthe other pipe. (See figure 55.) 441 006 diminishing be but joint {A joint between two pipes of itferent dlameters, in which the ene of the smaller pipe is swaged out to Fit the bore ofthe larger pioe. (See ngure 56.) tp ehantered jure 56, Diminishing bell Figure 55, Ball but joint buttioine 41007 branch T sade joint ‘A joint between a branch pipe and a main pipe set at 90° to each other, the end ofthe branch pipe bing shaped wo Fc sgl esa he Pipe. 47 008 shore bet branch joint ‘Abranch joint in which the metal rund ale in a main pipe i swaged Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘ue Now 08 170338 1986 ‘out to receive the swaged end of a branch pipe. (See figure 67.)BSI BS#499: PARTx1 O1 MM LL24Lb5 0572245 778 Mm 8S 499: Part 1: 1991 Section 4 NOTE. 0 > (a44H Figure 57. Short bell branch joint 41 009 41010 ir-acetylone blowpipe: high temperature type 41011 bond weld ‘A blowpipe incorporating an open injector-mixer in the blowpipe shank. ‘A blowpipe incorporating an open injactor-mixer in the nozzle. ‘A.wold made between a stranded flexible copper conductor and a stee! rail to ensure electrical conductivity. Bonds are installed at rll joints, ‘weld being made at one end of the bond to one rail and at the other fend of the bond to th other rail Subsection 42. Terms relating only to brazing 42.001 hazing 42 002 resistance brazing 42.003 dip brazing Copyright by the British Slandards Isittion ‘ue Now 08 170339 1986 ‘A process of jaining ganerally applied to metas in which, during oF after heating, molt filler metal is drawn into or retained in the spsce betwoon closely adjacent surfaces ofthe parts to be joined by eapilary attraction. in general the melting point ofthe filler metal is above 4450 °C, but always below the melting temperature of the parent material Brazing in which the filler metal is usually preplaced and heat is produced by: (a) the passage of an electric current between the parts to be joined, 2 in resistance welding; or (0) the pessage ot an electric currant, gonerelly through carbon electrodes in contact withthe parts to be joined. Most of the heat required for brazing ie generated externally within the wor Scattered <100¢ 10> 25¢ Sparse <25rto>3t Very sparse <3 Siametor of pores A o4 5 oR c 18 D 3.2 or greater Porosity confined to a small area of a weld. ‘A string of gas pores situated parallel tothe axis of a weld. Cavity occurring at the root ofa weld due to the use of unstable arc conditions, ‘A cavity due to the shrinkage of metal whilst in aplastic condition, ‘An elongated to tubular cavity formed by entrapped ges during the solidification of molten metel, ‘A.depression due to shrinkage atthe end of a run where the source of heat was removed, ‘A locelized collapse of the molten pool due to excessive penetration, resulting in a hole inthe weld run, ‘The formation of en oxide-covered weld run or bead with irregular surfaces and with deoply entrained oxide films, that ean occur when ‘materials forming refractory oxides (eg, aluminium and is alloys) ae boing welded. ‘A small bright area of cleavage fracture, caused by the presence of hydrogen, that is visible only on the fractured surface of weld metal ‘An area in a flash weld, revealed by breakage of the joint that has 2 shiny oF relatively very smooth appearance and is roughly circular in hope with perhaps narrow streek radiating from ‘A projection of fused metal extending into the heat-affected zone fof a resistance weld 92BSI BSx49a: PARTXL O12 MM Lb24669 0572255 61? Ol BS 499: Part 1: 1991 Seetion 7 Section 7. Terms relating to thermal cutting ‘Subsection 71. Terms relating to more than one subsection No. Term Definition 71 001 thermal eutting ‘The parting or shaping of materials by the application of heat with or without a stream of cutting oxygen. 71 002 stack eutting ‘The thermal cutting of a stack of plates usually clamped together. 71 OOS oxygen-are eutting ‘Thermal cutting in which ignition temperature is produced by an lectric arc, and cutting oxygen is conveyed through the centre of an electrode, which is consumed in the process. 71 004 gouging (thermal) “The forming of a groove by means of thermal cutting 71005 drag tine Serration left onthe face ofa cut made by thermal cutting, 71008 drag “Tne projected aletance between the two ends ot a drag ine (Se figure 72.) NOTE, aie the rag, Figure 72, Ureg 71007 kerf ‘The void lett after metal has been removed in thermal cutting. 71-008 underwater cutting ‘Thermal cutting at such a depth below water level thatthe cutting ‘ction does not break the water surface. 71 008 ‘One oF more machine cutting blowpipes or plasma torches mounted together for making one or more cuts to produce the required edge profile. 71 010 systom ‘An arrangement on a cutting machine for guiding and controlling the steering system ccuting heed|s) along s desired path. 71011 eutting mochine ‘Thermal cutting couipmont together with holding and moving devices for cutting metals. T1012 articulated-arm eurting machine A cutting machine with a hinged arm on which a cutting blowpipe or plasma torch and template following device are mounted in line with teach other on the free end of the arm. 71013 cross-cartiage cutting machine A cutting machine with longitudinal and transverse carriages to move Copyright by the British Standards Isittion ‘ue Now 08 17.0348 1986 ‘he cutting head and to permis profiling, 93BST BS*499: BS 499 : Part 1: 1990 Section 7 Ne. erm 71 014 singl-cantilevor eutting machine 71015 double-canttever cutting machine 71 016 extended boom single ‘cantilever eutting machine 71017 portal eutting machine gantry cutting machine 71 018 double-portal cuttina machine 71 019 portal-cantitever cutting machine PARTX 02 MM 2624669 0572256 S53 am ‘A cross-catiage cutting machine with a cutting area beneath a cutting head or heads mounted on a transverse cantilavor carriage extanding ‘over one side of longitudinal tracks, (See figure 73.) ‘A cross-carsiage cutting machine with twn euting areas each beneath ‘ cutting head or heads mounted on a transverse cantilever extending ‘over each side ofthe carriage. (See figure 74.) A single-cantilever cutting machine with the cantilever lengthened to ‘accommodate two cutting areas side by side, (See figure 75.) ‘A cross-carriage cutting mschine with a cutting area beneath a cutting head or heads mounted on the transverse carriage betwoen the longitudinal tacks, (See figure 76.) ‘A portal cutting machine with two cutting areas side by side (Gee figure 77.) Acombination of portal and a tingle cantilever outting machine, (Gee figure 78.) It bet Figure 73. Single-cantilever cutting machine Copyright by the British Standards stitution ‘ue Now 08 17.0349 1996 ib Figure 74, Double-cantilever cutting machineBSI BS

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