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    Încărcat de

    Karthik Abhi
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    This document presents technical specifications for various glider aircraft models produced by PZL Bielsko between 1952 and 1993, including wingspan, wing area, aspect ratio, empty weight, gross weight, weight ratios, sink rates, power-to-weight ratios, and payloads. The aircraft range from the SZD-9 Bocian with a 17.8m wingspan from 1952 to the PW-5 Smyk with a 10.16m wingspan from 1993. Performance metrics like rate of sink and power-to-weight ratio vary across the different models over the four decades covered.

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    At each stage of the design/manufacturing, quality conformance assurance is crucial to avoid delay of cycle time. The first step to meet quality conformance is to set objectives of assuring product. It is achieved by incorporating the following during the cycle time: Ensuring that all activities leading to product delivery are consistent with achieving performance specification. Early detection of actual or potential deficiencies. Ensuring close monitoring and review of subcontractor and supplier requirements. Provide continuous appraisal and documentation at each stage of design and production. To ensure economic competitiveness, both engineering design and the product is accomplished through lifecycle approach to engineering that includes design, development, production, operation, support, and disposal. The design process is divided into three major phases namely the: conceptual design phase, preliminary design phase and detail design phase. The design, as well as the production stages has to be checked for conformance quality for the product correctness. This is handled by the Quality Engineering department at the HAL. Design quality is met by estimating the difference between the end user requirements as against the specification achieved by the actual product. If the difference is not within the tolerance levels, design changes have to be incorporated accordingly to correct for the quality. Based on the requirements specified by the end users, design is carried out. Weight, load & stress calculations, dimensions, etc. are done. These estimated values are re-calculated and checked design drawings are made and issued to the machine shop. A prototype model of the design is then manufactured and tested in-house test bed at lab conditions by simulating the actual working environment of the product. The design is validated at this step only. Once the design is validated, the design drawings are issued to the machine shop and then the manufacturing stage begin. Conformance quality is met by ensuring if the product can be manufactured as per design. If the design cannot be manufactured, it is called a conformance. If the design can be manufactured, any deviation from the approved design which arises unintentionally during manufacturing is called a non-conformance. This is done for manufacturing of all the individual parts of the helicopter. It is also repeated at each stage of the line assembly stage. The manufactured products are checked for conformance as against standard test specimens to ensure only the qualified parts, components go to the assembly line stage. This is done to detect the defects early during the manufacturing stage. The non-conformances deviation from design are documented and presented to the customer, which in turn is a big challenge for the manufacturer to minimize the errors. Product Assurance documents are also prepared throughout the program and will be reviewed intermittently. 1.1 ALH FINAL ASSEMBLY: ALH final assembly is carried out in four specific stages carried out at four different work stations. In the sub-assembly stage, assembly of structural parts of the helicopter, transmission deck structure, tail boom, bottom structure, etc. are carried out. Fitting together of the sub-assemblies are carried out in two sub stages. One, on-jig assembly and the other, off-jig assembly. Assembly of front and middle cockpit sections and frames of the fuselage are carried out on-jig. Assembly of the tail boom structure is carried out off-jig. In the equipping unit, various sub-systems like the electrical system, hydraulic system, control system, etc. are assembled on the helicopter. Following these activities, the helicopter is handed over to the flight hangar where flight tests are conducted by both in-house and customer pilots. After the entire helicopter is assembled, various functional tests are carried out for each sub-system of the helicopter under specific atmospheric conditions. After all these tests,

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    This document presents technical specifications for various glider aircraft models produced by PZL Bielsko between 1952 and 1993, including wingspan, wing area, aspect ratio, empty weight, gross weight, weight ratios, sink rates, power-to-weight ratios, and payloads. The aircraft range from the SZD-9 Bocian with a 17.8m wingspan from 1952 to the PW-5 Smyk with a 10.16m wingspan from 1993. Performance metrics like rate of sink and power-to-weight ratio vary across the different models over the four decades covered.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Descărcați ca PPTX, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
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    10 vizualizări1 pagină

    Literature

    Încărcat de

    Karthik Abhi
    This document presents technical specifications for various glider aircraft models produced by PZL Bielsko between 1952 and 1993, including wingspan, wing area, aspect ratio, empty weight, gross weight, weight ratios, sink rates, power-to-weight ratios, and payloads. The aircraft range from the SZD-9 Bocian with a 17.8m wingspan from 1952 to the PW-5 Smyk with a 10.16m wingspan from 1993. Performance metrics like rate of sink and power-to-weight ratio vary across the different models over the four decades covered.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Descărcați ca PPTX, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    din 1

    Literature Survey

    Year

    wingspan( Wing area ( sq Aspect


    Aircrafts(PZL Bielsko) m)
    m)
    ratio

    Empty Weight
    (kg)

    Gross Weight
    We/Wo (kg)

    Rate of sink
    (m/s)

    P/W

    Payload
    (kg)

    1952

    SZD-9 Bocian

    17.8

    20

    15.8

    0.5577
    345
    8

    1960

    SZD 24C Foka

    15

    12.2

    18.5

    245

    0.6857
    1

    386

    0.202

    0.67

    141

    370

    0.196

    0.7

    110
    128

    540

    0.098

    0.82

    1966

    SZD 30 Pirat

    15

    13.8

    16.3

    0.6347
    260
    2

    1968

    SZD 36 COBRA

    15

    10.6

    19.4

    257 0.7027

    385

    0.2

    0.6

    540

    0.179

    0.82

    0.6816
    9

    649

    0.202

    0.46

    287

    17.65

    0.6675
    240
    3

    350

    0.187

    0.73

    110

    0.6736
    256
    8

    540

    0.255

    0.77

    266

    1970

    SZD-35 Bekas

    15.9

    19.8

    12.9

    0.4740
    358
    7

    1972

    SZD 38A & 42A


    Jantar

    20.5

    14.27

    29.5

    362

    1973

    Ogar SZD 22C Mucha

    1977

    SZD 41 & SZD 48


    Jantar

    15

    10.66

    21.1

    1988

    SZD 51-1

    15

    9.6

    23.44

    210

    0.6333
    3

    500

    0.24

    0.63

    290

    1989

    SZD 51-1 Junior

    15

    12.51

    18

    242

    0.42

    355

    0.14

    0.6

    113

    0.6629
    256
    6

    380

    0.77

    115

    0.6388
    9

    300

    0.67

    110

    1990

    SZD-59 Acro

    1993

    PW-5 Smyk

    15

    12.73

    13.2

    9.8

    17.79

    13.44

    10.16

    17.8

    190

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