Master the Chi-Square Test

The Formula

Whats the Purpose?

A way to determine if the variation you see in your data is due
to chance or if it is due to one of the variables you are testing.
Null hypothesis: The hypothesis that there is no significant dif-
ference between groups and any differences in your data is
due to chance.
If there is a lot of variation between what we expect to see in
our data and what we actually observe, we reject the null hy-
pothesis. If variation between what we expect to see and
what we actually observe is small, we fail to reject the null hy-
pothesis.

Example

CHI-SQUARE TABLE

You flip a penny 25 times. You get 10 heads and 15 tails.

Degrees of Freedom
p

0.05

3.84

5.99

7.82

9.49

11.07

12.59

14.07

15.51

0.01

6.64

9.32

11.34

13.28

15.09

16.81

18.48

20.09

Null Hypothesis:

Heads
Observed (o)

How do you determine degrees of freedom?

What does a p-value of 0.05 mean?
What does a p-value of 0.01 mean?
If your 2 value is 7.33 with 2 degrees of freedom and a p-value of
0.05, do you reject or fail to reject your null hypothesis?

Expected (e)

Tails