Ashkenazy 1

STASIS GRID
Author Info
Up to three
names, write them
all; 4+, write first
name et al. (i.e.,
Smith et al.)
1. Chloe
Albanesius is the

Source Type
(popular,
scholarly, trade,
government)

Categorical
Does X exist?

Call of Duty:
Black Ops
Gamers Log
600M Hours of
Play Time. PCMAG. N.p.,
27 Dec. 2010.

Huge amounts of
time is spent
playing newly
released, popular
combat video
games such as
Call of Duty.

2. Daphne
Bavelier is a brain
scientist interested
in how to
maximize the
brains capability
and capacity

Your brain on
video games. TedTalk

Studies have
shown that
playing actionpacked shooter
video games
have very
beneficial effects
on users
abilities.

Objects of
attention (things
you can focus on
at one time)

3. Bruce D.
Bartholow and
Craig A.
Anderson are
students from
the University
of MissouriColumbia and
Iowa State

Effects of
violent video
games on
aggressive
behavior:
Potential sex
differences. Scholarly Journal of

A compilation of
research holds
true the
hypothesis that
aggressive
behavior results
from video game
violence

Noise
punishment
(blasting high
frequency
sounds in the
recipient/oppone
nts ears)

Executive Editor
for News and
Features.

Definitional
Is X a Y?

Causal
Does X cause Y?
Is Y a result of
X?

Evaluation
Is it good or bad?
Fair or unfair?
Harmful or
beneficial?

Action
What should be
done about X?

Jurisdiction
Who is
responsible?

"Call of Duty
creates a shared
sense of
identify for its
community and
is as integral to
their social
lives as any
other form of
digital
communication.
"
Action-packed
video games
directly cause
increased
visions, attention
to detail,
multitasking
abilities, and
conflict-solving
abilities.

Beneficial to
players. Integral
example to their
social lives.

Action video
games can be very
beneficial for its
users, if played in
moderation.

People need to
know that
action-video
games are not
inherently bad
for users if used
in moderation.

Parents of
children are
responsible for
allowing them to
play rated M
games as well as
the companies
that create the
games.

Those that play

violent video
games set higher
levels of noise
punishment to
their opponents
than did those
who played a
nonviolent video

Violent video
games result in
creating more
hostility in people
and are therefore
harmful to
participants.

Change the
rating system to
only allow
adults over the
age of 18 or 21
to play these
intense games
or have video
game

Parents of
children are
responsible for
allowing them to
play rated M
games as well as
the companies
that create the
games.

Ashkenazy 2

University.

Experimental
Social
Psychology

game.

companies
censor more
games and take
out so much
gore and
violence.

4. Charlier
Brooks is a
blogger on
Babycenter as
well as a selfprescribed
event
coordinator, and
author of short
stories and
novels with a
frightening
knowledge of all
things science
fiction and fantasy
related.
Author Info
Up to three
names, write them
all; 4+, write first
name et al. (i.e.,
Smith et al.)
5. Brad J
Bushman is a
Professor of
Communication
and Psychology at
The Ohio State
University and
VU University
Amsterdam, the
Netherlands,
where he teaches
and does research.
His research has

Are Video
Games Good or
Bad for Kids?Blog
BabycenterBlog

Video games,
played in
moderation, are
very beneficial to
kids.

Socially adept
(interact well
with their
classmates)

Studies show
playing three
hours or less of
video games a
day result in
more social
adeptness,
problem solving
skills, and visual
recognition.

Studies show that

the less video
games kids play,
the more beneficial
it is to their
wellbeing.

These facts
should be
stressed more to
parents, so they
know that small
doses of video
games a day are
extremely
beneficial for
their children
(instead of just
spiting the
whole video
game system).

Parents of
children are
responsible for
allowing them to
play rated M
games as well as
the companies
that create the
games.

Source Type
(popular,
scholarly, trade,
government)

Categorical
Does X exist?

Definitional
Is X a Y?

Causal
Does X cause Y?
Is Y a result of
X?

Evaluation
Is it good or bad?
Fair or unfair?
Harmful or
beneficial?

Action
What should be
done about X?

Jurisdiction
Who is
responsible?

"Violent Video
Games Decrease
Self-control." Popular
Psychology
Today

Violent video
games
discourage self
control which is
a big predictor of
life success.

Results showed
that for teens
who played the
violent video
games, those
who scored
higher in moral
disengagement
were especially
likely to cheat,
eat more
chocolate, and
act more

Violent video
games rated M for
mature players 17
and older are not
just harmless
fun for kids. They
are bad for kids.

Parents should
not allow their
children to play
age
inappropriate
video games.

Parents.

Ashkenazy 3

been published in
top scientific
journals, radio,
magazines, and
newspapers.
6. Stephen R.
Burgess and
Melinda C.R.
Burgess are
Professors at the
Southwestern
Oklahoma State
University and
have PhDs in
various
psychology fields.
Steven Paul
Stermer attends
the Oklahoma
State University
and specializes in
social psychology
and video games.
They have all
written various
publications on
different topics of
psychology.
7. John Derby is
an author and
the Assistant
Professor at the
University of
Kansas and runs a
research program
which intersects
Art Education and
the
interdisciplinary
field of critical

aggressively.

Video Game
Playing and
Academic
Performance in
College
Students. Scholarly College Student
Journal -

Video game
users had lower
GPAs than those
that did not play
video games
(however this
varied by
gender) and tend
to play video
games to avoid
homework. Also,
the more players
played video
games the less
they liked
schoolwork.

Playing video
games cause
users to have
lower GPAs
(small chance
that this is
correlation
without
causation).

Video games are

detrimental to
college students, as
they will avoid
doing homework
and get bad grades.

Violent Video
Games and the
Military:
Recruitment,
Training, and
Treating Mental
Disability.
Scholarly Art
Education

Violent video
games are
employed in the
U.S. Army to
recruit soldiers,
train them, and
treat soldiers
with PTSD.

Playing violent
video games help
recruit and train
soldiers as well
as help cure
soldiers of
PTSD.

Good and
beneficial to
soldiers at all
stages.

Should be used
more often in
the military.

Ashkenazy 4

Disability Studies,
with specific
interests in mental
disability,
contemporary art
and visual culture,
and animal studies
8. Ferguson, Barr,
Figueroa, Foley,
Gallimore,
LaQuea, Merritt,
Miller, NguyenPham, Spanogle,
Stevens, Trigani,
Garza

9. Christopher J
Ferguson is a
researcher and
professor for the
Department of
Psychology at
Stetson
University. Cheryl
K. Olson is a

Digital Poison?
Three Studies
Examining the
Influence of
Violent Video
Games on Youth
-Scholarly
-Computers in
Human Behavior

In various tests
of aggression in
children aged 1218, no data was
found to link
violence from
video games to
aggressive
behaviors or
reduced empathy
in youths.

Video Game
Violence use
among
Vulnerable
Populations: The
Impact of Violent
Games on
Delinquency and
Bullying among

Children with
clinically
elevated mental
health
symptoms were
not more
vulnerable when
it came to
exposure to

Clinically
elevated mental
health
symptoms
(Health problems
such as
depression,
attention deficit
disorder,

Studies show
playing violent
video games do
not result in
youth
aggression,
empathy levels
are not
decreased, youth
with prior mental
health conditions
were no more
influenced by the
games than
others players,
violent video
games did not
predict
aggression or
civic behavior,
parental
restrictions on
games were not
associated with
positive
outcomes.
Studies showed
that playing these
games had a very
slight calming
effect on these
children with
attention deficit
symptoms and
helped to reduce

Violence in video
games are benign
when it comes to
increased
aggression and
empathy levels.

Violent video
games had a
slightly positive
aspect on children
with these
symptoms.

Ashkenazy 5

Harvard-Educated
Expert on using
media to change
attitudes and
actions that
promote health.
(She) Co-founded
the Center for
Mental Health and
Media at
Massachusetts
General
Hospital/Harvard
Medical School.
Internationally
known researcher
on video game
violence.
10. Mike
Jaccarino is a
reporter for Fox
News

Children with
Clnically
Elevated
Depression or
Attention Deficit
Symptoms. Scholarly Journal of Youth
and Adolescence

violence in video
games than
children without
these symptoms.

"'Training
Simulation:'
Mass Killers
Often Share
Obsession with
Violent Video
Games | Fox
News."
Editorial Fox
News

11. Michael M.
Kasumovic is a
researcher at the
Ecology and
Evolution
Research Centre.

Why do people
play violent
video games?
Demographic,
status-related,
and matingrelated correlates
in men and

Notorious killers
that have gone
on shooting
sprees and
attempted to
murder scores of
people were all
addicted to
violent video
games. One
killer said he
actually used
his video game
Call of Duty to
train for mass
murder.
According to this
study, women
who played more
violent video
games reported
feeling a greater
sense of mate
value than

bipolarity, etc.)

their aggressive
and bullying
behavior.

Violent video
games are bad and
are harmful
because they can
lead to the deaths
of innocent
civilians.

Violent video
games are good
because they can
be a telltale sign of
people with more
sexual interests.

Ashkenazy 6

Khandis Blake
and Thomas
Denson both teach
in the School of
Psychology at
UNSW Australia
and are
researchers.
Barnaby J. Dixson
teaches in the
School of
Psychology at the
University of
Queensland.

women
Scholarly Personality and
Individual
Differences

12. Cheryl K.
Olson is a
Harvard-Educated
Expert on using
media to change
attitudes and
actions that
promote health.
(She) Co-founded
the Center for
Mental Health and
Media at
Massachusetts
General
Hospital/Harvard
Medical School.
Internationally
known researcher
on video game

Grand Theft
childhood Book

women who
played fewer
violent video
games. Women
also reported
being motivated
to play violent
video games
because doing so
enhanced their
sense of
attractiveness to
romantic
partners. In both
studies, men
reported playing
more violent
video games than
women as did
both men and
women who
reported higher
sexual interest.
In depth study
shows that there
are many
benefits and
detriments/drawb
acks for youth
that play violent
video games.

Playing violent
video games
provide great
outlets for youth
and, hence, result
in rejuvenation,
better social
skills, ability to
express
themselves, Etc.
However,
playing violent
video games also
result in
increased
aggression in
youth and higher
likelihood to be
involved in

Cannot determine
an exact answer.
Multiple examples
on both sides
conclude that
benefits or
detriments
depend on the
subject
him/herself.

Ashkenazy 7

violence.
Lawrence Kutner
is the co-founder
of the Harvard
Medical School
Center for Mental
Health and Media.
He is the recipient
of the Award for
Distinguished
Lifetime
Contribution to
Media
Psychology, is
part of the
American
Psychological
Association
(2008), is a
Lecturer in the
Department of
Psychiatry and
has a PhD in
Clinical
Psychology from
the University of
Minnesota
12. Scott Rigby is
a gaming
psychology
expert.
Richard M Ryan
is an American
professor of
psychology,
psychiatry and
education at the
University of
Rochester who,
along with
professor Edrard
L. Deci, created

pugnacious
activities.

Glued to
Games - Book

Video games
satisfy basic
psychological
needs extremely
well, motivating
sustained
engagement and
enthusiastic
fans. They give
the player a
sense of
accomplishment
after completing
difficult tasks,
enhance musical

Refer to third
category.

Video games have

many positive
effects on users
mental statuses,
physical
capabilities and
artistic abilities and
emotional states.
However, they are
also put into a bad
context when
played too much.

Ashkenazy 8

the selfdetermination
theory -- one of
the most
influential
theories of
human motivation

13. Brittany Tate

is a Lifestyle
reporter and
community life
editor for The
Brunswick News.

Playing Violent
Video Games
Linked to
Aggression.Editorial The
Brunswick News

performance (ex:
Guitar Hero).
Video games
sometimes
include open
worlds where
you are not
constrained by
outside/realworld
challenges.
Sometimes,
video games
even help you
make the right
decisions.
However, they
also tend to be
extremely
addicting and
can have
negative effects
on users
aggression
levels.
Violent video
games lead to
heightened
aggression in
players and have
a much larger
effect on
children than
adults.

Children cannot
distinguish
between fantasy
and reality and
thus are directly
affected by
playing violent
video games.
The youths
environment,
neighborhood or
even witnessing
violence in his or
her home also
have direct
causes to
heightened

It is bad for
children and all
users. Violence in
video games is
specifically
harmful to
children, as they
teach them that
killing is good by
giving
opportunities to do
more evil acts.

Companies
should realize
the harm in
these games and
take action to
make sure kids
do not get their
hands on these
violent games.

Parents of
children are
responsible for
allowing them to
play rated M
games as well as
the companies
that create the
games.

Ashkenazy 9

aggression.

14. Greg Toppo the national

education and
demographics
reporter/writer for
USA Today and
author of The
Game Believes in
You: How Digital
Play Can Make
Our Kids Smarter

Do Video
Games Inspire
Violent
Behavior? Editorial Scientific
America

15. Victoria
Woollaston is the
Deputy Science
and Technology
Editor for
MailOnline.

Could Video
Games Make
You KINDER?
Violent
Gameplay Makes
People More
Moral, Study
Claims.
Editorial
dailyMail.com

Researchers
often dont factor
in other variables
for signs of
increased
aggression in
violent-video
game users.
There is no
correlation
between real-life
mimicry of
violence and
video games.
Also, people that
tend to have
heightened
aggression
started out that
way.
A study
conducted by Dr
Matthew
Grizzard
(assistant
professor at the
University at
Buffalo
Department of
Communication)
showed
significant
positive
correlations
between video

Real-life
mimicry (seeing
violence in video
games and
copying the acts
in the real world)

Repetition of
violence in the
real world does
not occur
because of
violent video
games.

Video games have

potential to be
harmful to
specific people and
cannot necessarily
be declared as
harmful to
everyone.

Not much can

be done about
flawed research
in this field, as
there are so
many factors
that play into
increased
aggression
because of
video games
that it would be
very difficult to
ascertain the
truth.

Users should
judge their
emotional status
before they play
violent video
games.

Intuitive
foundations
(media exposure
influences the
way we think
about moral
judgements in a
big way)

Violent video
games lead to
people feeling
more sensitive
about violating
moral domains.

This positive
correlation is very
beneficial for
violent videogame players, in
that they gain
enjoyment from the
game and also gain
a sense of moral
responsibility and
sensitivity.

More
dissemination
of this
knowledge
should be done
publicly.

Broadcasting
networks should
be responsible
for making this
more widely
known and
parents should
find these tidbits
of information
more comforting
when allowing
their children to
play violent
video games.

Ashkenazy 10

game guilt, and

the moral
foundations
violated during
gameplay.

Albanesius, Chloe. Call of Duty: Black Ops Gamers Log 600M Hours of Play Time. PCMAG. N.p., 27 Dec. 2010. Web. 13 Nov. 2015.
<http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2374762,00.asp/>.
Bartholow, B. D. and Anderson, C. A. Effects of violent video games on aggressive behavior: Potential sex differences. Journal of Experimental Social
Psychology 38 (2002): 283290. Web. 25 Sept. 2015.
<http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022103101915021/>.
Bavelier, Daphne. Your brain on video games. Ted.com. TED Conferences, June. 2012. Web. 25 Oct. 2015.
<https://www.ted.com/talks/daphne_bavelier_your_brain_on_-video_games?language=en/>.
Brooks, Charlie. Are Video Games Good or Bad for Kids? BabyCenter Blog. N.p., 29 May. 2015. Web. 13 Oct. 2015.
<http://blogs.babycenter.com/mom_stories/are-video-games-05292015-good-or-bad-for-kids/>.
Bushman, Brad J. Violent video Games Decrease Self-control. Psychology Today. N.p., 16 Jan. 2014. Web. 22 Oct. 2015.
<https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/get-psyched/201401/violent-video-games-decrease-self-control/>.
Burgess, Stephen R., Steven Paul Stermer, and Melinda C.R. Burgess. Video Game Playing and Academic Performance in College Students. College Student
Journal 46.2 (2012): 376-387. Academic Search Complete. Web. 19 Oct. 2015.
Derby, John. Violent Video Games And The Military: Recruitment, Training, And Treating Mental Disability. Art Education 67.3 ( 2014): 19-25. Art &
Architecture Complete. Web. 25 Oct. 2015.

Ashkenazy 11
Ferguson, Christopher J., et al. Digital Poison? Three Studies Examining the Influence of Violent Video Games on Youth Computers in Human Behavior 50.
(2015): 399-410. Academic Search Complete. Web. 19 Oct. 2015.
Ferguson, Christopher, Cheryl Olson. Video Game Violence use among Vulnerable Populations: The Impact of Violent Games on Delinquency and Bullying
among Children with Clinically Elevated Depression or Attention Deficit Symptoms. Journal of Youth & Adolescence 43.1 (2014): 127-136. Social
Sciences Full Text (H.W. Wilson). Web. 19 Oct. 2015.
Jaccarino, Mike. Training Simulation: Mass Killers Often Share Obsession with Violent Video Games. Fox News. FOX News Network, 12 Sept. 2013. Web.
25 Oct. 2015. http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2013/09/12/training-simulation-mass-killers-often-share-obsession-with-violent-video-games.html
Kasumovic, Michael M. Khandis, Blake. Dixson, Barnaby J. Denson, Thomas F. Why do people play violent video games? Demographic, status-related, and
mating-related correlates in men and women. Personality and Individual Differences 86. (2014): 204-211. Web. 19 Oct. 2015.
Kutner, Lawrence, and Cheryl K. Olson. Grand Theft Childhood: The Surprising Truth about Violent Video Games and What Parents Can Do. New York: Simon
& Schuster, 2008. Print.
Rigby, Scott, and Richard M. Ryan. Glued to Games: How Video Games Draw Us in and Hold Us Spellbound. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2011. Print.
Tate, Brittany. Playing Violent Video Games Linked to Aggression. The Brunswick News. 2 Sept. 2015. Web. 25 Sept. 2015.
<http://www.thebrunswicknews.com/life/playing-violent-video-games-linked-to-aggression/article_fe948f3f-65bd-5137-81c9-c4b731bc1ea3.html/>.
Toppo, Greg W. Do Video Games Inspire Violent Behavior? Scientific American Global Rss. June 11, 2015. Web. 25 Sept, 2015.
<http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/do-video-games-inspire-violent-behavior/>.
Woollaston, Victoria. Could Video Games Make You KINDER? Violent Gameplay Makes People More Moral, Study Claims. Mail Online. Associated
Newspapers, 11 July 2014. Web. 19 Oct. 2015. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2688930/Its-GOOD-bad-Being-immoral-video-gamesactually-makes-better-person-study-claims.html

Ashkenazy 12

http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/amp-a0034857.pdf -- EVERYTHING. BASE OUTLINE ON THIS

http://www4.ncsu.edu/~jlnietfe/Creativity_&_Critical_Thinking_Articles_files/Jackson%20Et%20Al.%20(2012).pdf -- playing

any kind of video game,

regardless of whether or not it is violent, enhances childrens creative capacities. For example, among a sample of almost 500 12-yearold students, video game playing was positively associated with creativity (Jackson et al., 2012). Critically, childrens use of other
forms of technology (e.g., computer, Internet, cell phone) did not relate to enhanced creativity. However, this studys cross-sectional
design made it unclear whether playing video games develops creative skills or creative people
http://www.theesa.com/about-esa/industry-facts/ -- gaming statistics
http://www.theesa.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Essential-Facts-2015-Infographic.pdf -- more gaming statistics
http://www4.ncsu.edu/~jlnietfe/Creativity_&_Critical_Thinking_Articles_files/Jackson%20Et%20Al.%20(2012).pdf increased
creativity in 12 yr. old children
http://public.psych.iastate.edu/caa/abstracts/2010-2014/14AG.pdf -- The popular violent video game series Rainbow Six is so good at
teaching all of the steps necessary to plan and conduct a successful special operations mission that the U.S. Army has licensed the
game engine to train their special operations soldiers (Ubi Soft, 2001). Furthermore, the U.S. Army has created its own violent video
game as a recruitment tool (Associated Press, 2002).

Ashkenazy 13

http://public.psych.iastate.edu/caa/abstracts/2010-2014/14AG.pdf -- Often considered one of the greatest contributions to the study of violence and video games,
the GAM helps explain the complex relationship between violent video games and aggressive gamers. The GAM takes some (though not all) of the heat off video
games by acknowledging that a gamer's personality plays into how he is affected by violence. Anderson and Bushman refer to three internal facets - thoughts,
feelings, and physiological responses - that determine how a person interprets aggressive behavior. Some people's responses are naturally more hostile, making
them predisposed to respond more aggressively to violent video games.
Short-term effects were easily identified in the GAM; the most prominent being that violent games change the way gamers interpret and respond to aggressive
acts. Even those who aren't predisposed to aggression respond with increased hostility after playing a violent video game. The game becomes what's called a
"situational variable" which changes the perception of and reaction to aggressive behavior.
Long-term effects of violent video games are still uncertain and are fiercely debated. No long-term studies have been conducted to date, so there are only
hypotheses. Anderson and Bushman theorized that excessive exposure to violent video games causes the formation of aggressive beliefs and attitudes, while also
desensitizing gamers to violent behaviors.