ISO/OSI Networking Model:

Layer

Description

Layer 7
Application
Layer 6
Presentation
Layer 5
Session

Layer with which the user

interacts
Layer that the operating system
works on
Layer that deals with
communication between users
computer and computer that the
user is trying to get information
from
Decides how much information
should be sent at a time
Router operation

HTTP, FTP, DNS,

POP3

IP

Router

Get data to physical layer so it can

be transported over the network
Physical components, such as
wiring and cabling, that help with
the connection

ARP, DLC, Ethernet

Switches

Layer 4
Transport
Layer 3
Network
Layer 2
Data Link
Layer 1
Physical

Protocols

Hardware

Control and
tunneling protocols

TCP, UDP

Patch panels, patch

cords, network and other
cables

TCP/IP Model:

Layer

Description

Application Provides a way for applications to

have access to networked services.
This layer contains high level
protocols.
Transport
Internet

Link

Acts as a delivery service which is

used by the application layer.
Responsible for routing and the
delivery of data. Allows
communication across networks.
Hardware layer that is a
combination of Physical and Data
Link layers from the OSI model.

Protocols
FTP, BOOTP, TFTP,
DNS, HTTP(S), TLS/SSL,
VoIP (SIP, RTP), SSH,
POP3, IMAP4, NTP,
Telnet, SMTP, SNMP
TCP, UDP
IPv4, IPv6, ICMP, IGMP

ARP

Hardware

Questions:
1. By OSI layer, which group sets the standards for each OSI layer?
Layer 1 EIA/TIA.
Layer 2 IEEE
Layer 3 IETF.
Layer 4 ITEF.
Layer 5 IETF and ANSI
Layer 6 Moving Picture Coding Experts Group.
Layer 7 IETF
2. Describe, by device, how information from your computers keyboard at home gets out to the
Internet. Specifically, briefly describe each device and its function.
Data input from the keyboard is transferred to the application (i.e. Chrome, Outlook, etc.) in bits. It then
goes through a switch, which the computer is connected to either physically or wirelessly, and is pushed
through the firewall, which protects your computer from hackers. After it goes through the firewall, it is
sent to the router, where the data exits your personal network. The router then sends the data to the
modem, which then sends the data out to the Internet.
3. Go to speedtest.net and test your Internet connection speed. Report that on your assignment.
Ping: 22ms
Download Speed: 15.36 Mbps
Upload Speed: 1.93 Mbps
Vocabulary Table:

Term
ANSI

Backbone
Network
Broadban
d
Circuit
Client
Data Link
Layer
Extranet

Definition/Description
The American National Standards Institute is a private non-profit organization that
oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services,
processes, systems, and personnel in the US.
Part of computer network infrastructure that interconnects various pieces of network,
providing a path for the exchange of information between different LANs or
subnetworks.
A high capacity transmission technique using a wide range of frequencies, which enables
a large number of messages to be communicated simultaneously.
A pathway through which electrical messages travel. Usually using copper wire or fiber
optic cables.
A client is a piece of computer hardware or software that accesses a service made
available by a server.
This layer is the protocol layer that transfers data between adjacent network nodes in a
wide area network or between nodes on the same local area network segment.
An intranet that can be partially accessed by authorized outside users, enabling
businesses to exchange information over the Internet securely.

FCC
Firewall
IEEE

IETF

ITU

Internet
Intranet
ISP
KB
Kb
LAN
Logical
Modem
Open
System
Physical
RFC

Router
Client
Switch

VPN
WAN

A board charged with regulating broadcasting and interstate communication

by wire, radio, and television in the US.
A part of a computer system or network that is designed to block unauthorized access
while permitting outward communication.
The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers is a global association and
organization of professionals working toward the development, implementation and
maintenance of technology-centered products and services. Sets numerous standards
for networks.
The IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) is the body that defines standard Internet
operating protocols such as TCP/IP. The IETF is supervised by the Internet Society
Internet Architecture Board (IAB). IETF members are drawn from the Internet
Society's individual and organization membership.
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is an agency of the United Nations
(UN) whose purpose is to coordinate telecommunication operations and services
throughout the world.
The global communication network that allows almost all computers worldwide to
connect and exchange information.
A local or restricted communications network, especially a private network created using
World Wide Web software.
An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing,
using, or participating in the Internet.
Kilobytes; one kilobyte is 1000 bytes
Kilobits; one kilobit is 1000 bits
Local Area Network. A computer network that interconnects computers within a limited
area such as a residence, school, laboratory, or office building.
Refers to a user's view of the way data or systems are organized
An electronic device that makes possible the transmission of data to orfrom a computer
via telephone or other communication lines.
A system in which the components and protocols conform to standards independent of a
particular supplier.
Physical components that connect together to allow communication between computers
and the internet.
A Request for Comments (RFC) is a formal document from the Internet Engineering Task
Force ( IETF ) that is the result of committee drafting and subsequent review by
interested parties.
A network device that forwards data packets from one network to another.
A client is a piece of computer hardware or software that accesses a service made
available by a server.
A network switch is a computer networking device that connects devices together on
a computer network, by using packet switching to receive, process and forward data to
the destination device.
Virtual Private Network. Allows outside computers to connect within internal networks.
Outside computer may experience slower connection.
A wide area network is a telecommunications network or computer network that
extends over a large geographical distance.

Wireless
Access
Point

Device that allows wireless devices to connect to the network.