Transport

Phenomena CHEN 3001

Week7tutorialsolutions

1. Calculateaveragehvaluebasedontherateofheatgeneratedbythemicrochip,

qV hAs Ts T .

Then,assumingthattheflowislaminar,wecanusetheequationforlaminarflowoveraflat
plate,

Nu 0.664 Re 0.5 Pr 1 3 .
Usethefilmtemperature(Tf=42.5deg.C)toevaluatethepropertiesofair:Kinematic
viscosity=17x10^6m2/s,Pr=0.705,thermalconductivity=0.0273W/m.K.
Bulkfluidvelocity=3.95m/s.
CheckReynoldsnumbertoseeiftheflowisindeedlaminar!
Thesolutiontotheboundarylayerequationsshowsthatformaximumheattransfer,we
wanttohavethethinnestboundarylayeroverthesurfaceofthechip.Tominimisethe
boundarylayerthicknessandmaximumtheheattransfercoefficient,wewanttoorientthe
shortdimensionofthechipparalleltotheflow.

2. Q=Heattransferrate=Heatfluxxsurfacearea=5.7x10^3x(piDL)=2.04x10^3kJ/hr
Q=(massflowrate)cp(TexitTinlet)
Texit=16.0713deg.C
UsingColburnanalogyatT(average)ofapproximately16deg.C,

Averagevelocity=3.75m/s

Re=95242(Turbulent)

fF=0.0046
Cf/2=fF/2=StPr^2/3>St=(0.0046/2)/(7^(2/3))=0.001059
St=h/(rhoVCp)>h=9851W/m2.K
q=h(TsTfluid)>Ts=16.23deg.C

3. Usethefollowingpropertiesofoilat20deg.C(thisistheinlettemperature;so,thisisan
approximationonly.Thecalculationsmayhavetoberedoneiftheexittemperatureis<<
inlettemperature):
Density=888kg/m3,thermalconductivity=0.145W/m.oC,kinematicviscosity=
901x10^6m2/s,heatcapacity=1880j/kg.oC,Pr=10400.
CheckReynoldsnumbertodeterminelengthofentranceregion>Re=666,so:

Lt 0.0575 Re Pr D =119,480m.

So,theentrancelengthregionofthepipeismuchlongerthanthepipeitself!Thisistypical
offluidswithveryhighvaluesofPrnumber.
Useequationforthermallydevelopingregion: Nu 3.66

0.065D L Re Pr

23
1 0.04D L Re Pr

So,h=18.0W/m2.oC.Forthecaseofconstantsurfacetemperature,

a.

Ts Te
exp s hL

Ts Ti
m C p
So,Texit=19.71deg.C.Asthemeantemperatureoftheoildoesntdecreaseverymuch
from20deg.C,wedontneedtoreevaluatethepropertiesoftheoilattheaverage
temperature.

b. Determinelogmeantemperaturedifference, Tln

Te Ti
,thencalculateheat
lnTe Ti

transferrate, Q As hL Tln =67.4kW

c. Asflowislaminar,f=64/Re.Then, P f

v 2 L
2 D

=1.14x10^5Pa

Pumpingpowerrequired=Pxvolumeflowrate

=16.1kW

4. Thisisaconjugateheattransferproblem,i.e. Qr

T ,i T ,o

ln( Do / Di )
1
1

2k
Di hi
Do ho

Calculatehvalueinsidethepipe:

Asflowisfullyturbulent,wecanuseDittusBoelterequation.Propertiesofwaterat
themeantemperature:thermalconductivity=0.67W/m.K,Pr=2.2.

hi D
>hi=2765W/m2.K
k

Nu D 0.023 Re 4 5 Pr 1 3

Calculatehvalueoutsideofpipe,usingtheZukauskascorrelation:

Nu D C Re D

where:

Pr
Pr
Prs
n

4 hi D

Re
C
m
140
0.75
0.4
401000
0.51
0.5
5
10002x10 0.26
0.6
2x105106 0.076 0.7
IfPr10,n=0.37,otherwisen=0.36.

Note:IrealisedIhaventtalkedaboutthiscorrelationinclass.Thebenefitofthiscorrelation
isthatthefluidpropertiesareallevaluatedatthebulkfluidtemperature( T ),exceptfor
Prs,whichisevaluatedatthesurfacetemperature.Now,aswedontknowthesurface
temperatureofthepipeatthisstage,letsassumethatthechangeinPrandtlnumber
between Ts and T isnegligible,so Pr Prs isapproximately1.
Propertiesofairatthebulkfluidtemperature(25deg.C):

Kinematicviscosity=15.89x10^6m2/s,thermalconductivity=0.0263W/m.K,Pr=
0.707.

Re=31,466

ho=120W/m2.K

Therateofheattransfercanthenbecalculated:Q=489W/m.