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More Examples:
No Negatives!
So in practice "absolute value" means to remove any negative sign in front of a number,
and to think of all numbers as positive (or zero).
|5| = 5
|7| = 7
Sometimes absolute value is also written as "abs()", so abs(1) = 1 is the same as |1| = 1
|83| = 5
|38| = 5
(83 = 5)
More Examples
Here are some more examples of how to handle absolute values:
|36| = 18
(36 = 18, and |18| = 18)
|52| = 3
(52 = 3 and then the first minus gets you 3)
|25| = 3
(25 = 3 , |3| = 3, and then the first minus gets you 3)
|12| = 12
(|12| = 12 and then the first minus gets you 12)
|5| = 5
|7| = 7
More Formal
So, when a number is positive or zero we leave it alone, when it is negative we change it to
positive.
This can all be written like this:
Useful Properties
Here are some properties of absolute values that can be useful:
|a| 0 always!
That makes sense ... |a| can never be less than zero.
|a| = (a2)
Squaring a makes it positive or zero (for a as a Real Number). Then taking the
square root will "undo" the squaring, but leave it positive or zero.
|a b| = |a| |b|
Means these are the same:
|x+2|=5
x+2 = 5
x+2 = +5
x = 7
x=3
Graphically
Let us graph that example:
|x+2| = 5
It is easier to graph if you have an "=0" equation, so subtract 5 from both sides:
|x+2| 5 = 0
And here is the plot of |x+2|5, but just for fun let's make the graph by shifting it around:
<
>
less than
less than
or equal to
greater than
greater than
or equal to
3 < x < 3
And as an interval it can be written as:
The same thing works for "Less Than or Equal To":
(3, 3)
3 x 3
And as an interval it can be written as:
[3, 3]
12 3x6 12
Add 6:
6 3x 18
Lastly, multiply by (1/3). Because you are multiplying by a positive number, the inequalities
will not change:
2 x 6
Done!
And as an interval it can be written as:
[2, 6]
Up to -3 or from 3 onwards
It can be rewritten as
x < 3 or x > 3
As an interval it can be written as:
(, 3) U (3, +)
3 > x > 3
"x" cannot be less than -3 and greater than 3 at the same time
It is really:
x < 3 or x > 3
"x" is less than 3 or greater than 3
x 3 or x 3
As an interval it can be written as:
(, 3] U [3, +)