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ACCESS AND EGRESS

SECTION DD

HUANGA KI LOTO MOE HU KI TUA

KUPU DD

CONTENTS
KANOTOHI

PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
NGAAHI FIEMAU KE FAKAHOKO

DEEMED-TO-SATISFY PROVISIONS

NGAAHI TUUTUUNI OKU LAU-TE NE-FAKAKAKATO

Part
Konga

DD1

Construction of Exits

FOKOTUU O E NGAAHI HUANGA KI TUA

DD1.1 Treads and risers


Ngaahi lauI sitepu mo e ngaahi hake I he sitepu

DD1.2 Curved stairs


Ngaahi sitepu ngaofe

DD1.3 Balustrades

Ngaahi aa vahevahe

DD1.4 Parapets on flat roofs


Ngaahi aa pukupuku i he fungafale lafalafa

DD1.5 Number of exits


Lahi o e ngaahi huanga ki tua

DD1.6 Ramp in exits

Hala fakatahifo i he ngaahi huanga ki tua

DD1.7 Dimensions of exits


Fua o e ngaahi huanga ki tua

DD1.8 Doors in small enclosures

Koe ngaahi matapa i he ngaahi feituu malu iiki

National Building Code 2007


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ACCESS AND EGRESS

SECTION DD

HUANGA KI LOTO MO E HU KI TUA

KUPU DD

PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
NGAAHI FIEMAU KE FAKAHOKO

OBJECTIVES AND REQUIRED PERFORMANCE


NGAAHI TAUMUA MO E NGAAHI FAKAHOKO NGAUE OKU FIEMAU

DDP1 A Class 1 or 10(a) building must be so designed and constructed that the following are
fulfilled:
Kuo pau ki ha fale Kalasi 1 pe 10(a) ke tisaini mo langa ko e uhi ke fakakakato a
e a e ngaahi mea ni:

(a)

Stairways, ramps and passageways must be such as to provide safe passage for the
users of the building.
Kuo pau ki he ngaahi halanga sitepu, ngaahi hala tahifo mo e ngaahi
fonongaanga ke ne tukuatu ha aluanga oku malu kia kinautolu oku nau
ngaueaki a e fale.

(b)

Stairways, ramps, floors and balconies, and any roof to which people normally have
access, must have bounding walls, balustrades or other barriers where necessary to
protect users from the risk of falling.
Ko e ngaahi halanga sitepu, faliki mo e ngaahi falefakatoloolunga mo ha faahinga
fungafale aia oku faa alu kiai ha kakai, kuo pau ke I ai hono holisi tuutakai, aa
vahevahe pe ngaahi taotaofi kehe I he feituu e fiemau ki ai ke maluI a
kinautolu oku nau ngaueaki mei ha fakatuutamaki o e to.

(c)

Stairways must provide safe and reasonably comfortable dimensions for goings and
risers. In any case the pitch of the stairway must be maintained within limits of 230
and 420.
Kuo pau ki he ngaahi halanga sitepu ke oatu ha ngaahi fua oku malu pea mo
fakapotopoto ki he ngaahi aluanga mo e ngaahi hake. I ha faahinga taimi pe
kuo pau ki he engikolo o e halanga sitepu ke tauhi I loto I he fakangatangata ko
e 230 and 420.

(d)

If any ramp is used the slope must not exceed 1:8.


O kapau e ngaueaki ha hala fakatahifo kuo pau ki he tahifo ke oua naa lahi
hake I he 1:8.

(e)

A Class 1 building must have provision for fast exit during any emergency.
Kuo pau ki ha fale Kalasi 1 ke ne tukuatu ha huanga vave ki tua lolotonga ha
fakatamaki.

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National Building Code 2007
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ACCESS AND EGRESS

SECTION DD

HUANGA KI LOTO MOE HU KI TUA

KUPU DD

DEEMED-TO-SATISFY PROVISIONS
NGAAHI TUUTUUNI OKU LAU-TE NE-FAKAKAKATO

CONSTRUCTION OF EXITS
FOKOTUU O E NGAAHI HUANGA KI TUA

DD1.1 Treads and risers

Ngaahi lauI sitepu mo e ngaahi hake I he sitepu

(a)

A stairway must be suitable to provide safe passage in relation to the nature, volume
and frequency of likely usage.
Kuo pau ki ha halanga sitepu ke ne tukuatu ha aluanga oku malu o felaveI ki
he natula, lahi mo hono toutou ngaueaki e ngalingali fakaaongaI kiai.

(b)

A stairway in any building satisfies (a) if it has:


Oku fakakakato e ha halanga sitepu o ha faahinga fale pe a e (a) o kapau ko e:

(i)

not more than 18 risers in each flight;


hakeI sitepu oku ikai ke lahi hake I he 18 ki he halanga sitepu takitaha.

(ii)

going and riser dimensions in accordance with Figure DD1.1 and Table DD1.1
that are constant throughout each flight;
fua a e aluanga moe hake oku fakatatau ki he Fakatata DD1.1 mo e
Tepile DD1.1 oku tatau kotoa I he halanga sitepu takitaha.

(iii)

risers which do not have any openings that would allow a 125 mm sphere to
pass through between the treads;
ngaahi hake aia oku ikai ke iai ha ava e fakangofua ha 125 mm sifia ke
hu I he vahaa a e ngaahi lauI sitepu;

(iv)

treads which have a non-slip finish or a suitable non-skid strip near the edge of
the nosings; and
ngaahi lauI sitepu a ia oku ikai ke I ai ha fakaosi ikai hekeheke pe laI
mea oku ikai hekeheke a ia oku feunga ofi ki he tapa o e tuliki tua o e
sitepu; pea

(v)

the tread must not exceed the going by more than 20 mm.
kuo pau ki he lauI sitepu ke oua naa lahiaki a e 20 mm I he aluanga.

DD1.2 Curved stairs


Ngaahi sitepu ngaofe

Curved stairs must comply with the relevant requirements of DD1.1 as well as the following:
Kuo pau ki he ngaahi sitepu ngaofe ke faipau ki he ngaahi fiemau fekauaki o e DD1.1
pea pehe ki he ngaahi mea ni:

(a)

For the purposes of satisfying Table DD1.1 the going must be measured:
Ki he ngaahi taumua a hono fakakakato a e Tepile DD1.1 kuo pau ke fua a e
aluanga:

(i)

along half way across the width of the stair where the clear width is less than
900 mm; and

National Building Code 2007


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HUANGA KI LOTO MO E HU KI TUA

KUPU DD

lele atu I he vaeua a e falahi o e sitepu aia ko hono falahi oku siI hifo I
he 900 mm; pea

(ii)

300 mm from each side of the stair if the clear width is 900 mm or more.
300 mm mei he tafaaki takitaha o e sitepu okapau ko e faalahi fakakatoa
ko e 900 mm pe lahi hake.

(b)

All steps must have the same uniform taper.


Kuo pau ki he ngaahi sitepu kotoa pe ke tatau hono manifi.

(c)

The going at the narrow end of the steps must be not less than 75 mm.
Ko e aluanga I he tafaaki faasiI o e sitepu kuo pau ke oua naa siI hifo I he
75 mm.

(d)

Winders are not permitted.


Oku ikai ke tali a e ngaahi halanga sitepu sipailolo.

DD1.3 Balustrades
Ngaahi aa vahevahe

(a)

A continuous balustrade must be provided along the side of any stairway or ramp, or
any corridor, hallway, balcony, bridge or the like, if
Kuo pau ki ha aa vahevahe oku hokohoko ke lele fakatatau hifo I he tafaaki o
ha faahinga halanga sitepu pe fakatahifo, pe ha faahinga kolitoa, holouei,
falefakatolo olunga, hala fakakavakava pe hano tatau, o kapau

(i)

it is not bounded by a wall; and


oku ikai ke holisii; pea

(ii)

the change in level is more than 1m.


faikehekehe I he maolunga oku ikai laka hake I he 1m.

(b)

A balustrade must prevent, as far as practicable


Kuo pau ki ha aa vahevahe ke ne taofi, ki he taupotu taha ala lava

(i)

children climbing over or through it;


a e longai fanau mei he halakaka i olunga pe hu i he vahaa;

(ii)

persons accidentally falling from the floor; and


ha niihi mei ha fakatamaki o to mei he fungavaka koia; mo e

(iii)

objects which might accidentally fall from the floor surface and strike a person
at a lower level.
to ha ngaahi mea ikai ke ilo e hoko mei he faliki o e fungavaka koia o
tau ha taha I ha toe levolo oku maolalo ange.

(c)

At balconies a balustrade satisfies (b) if


Oku fakakakato e ha a vahevahe o e ngaahi fale fakatolo olunga a e (b) o
kapau-

(i)

its height is not less than 930 mm above the balcony floor;
ko hono maolunga oku ikai sii hifo i he 930 mm i olunga i he faliki o e
fale fakatolo olunga;

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ACCESS AND EGRESS

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KUPU DD

(ii)

the space between balusters or the width of any opening in the balustrade is
125 mm or less except where the space between the rails or the height of the
opening is not more than 125 mm;
ko e vaha aa vahevahe pe falahi o ha fakaava i he a vahevahe ko e 125
mm pe sii hifo tukukehe a e vahaa a e ngaahi mea pikinima pe ko e
maolunga o e fakaava oku ikai lahi hake i he 125 mm;

(iii)

all parts of balustrade more than 150 mm and less than 760 mm from the floor
or nosings are vertical or otherwise do not provide a toe-hold; and
ngaahi konga kotoa o e aa vahevahe ke lahi hake I he 150 mm pea sii
hifo I he 760 mm mei he faliki pe nosings oku tuu fakavetikale pe ikai ke
i ai ha tuuanga ki he vae; pea

(iv)

it does not have any opening more than 125 mm wide within 150 mm of the
floor level.
ikai ke iai ha fakaava ai oku lahi hake i he 125 mm a hono falahi i loto i
he 150 mm o e levolo o e faliki.

(d)

In stairways and ramps (including access bridges and landings) a balustrade satisfies
(b) if
Ko e ngaahi aa vahevahe i he ngaahi halanga sitepu mo e ngaahi hala fakatahifo
(kau ai a e huanga ki he ngaahi hala fakakavakava mo e ngaahi tuuanga) oku
ne fakakakato a e (b) o kapau -

(i)

it has a height of not less than 865 mm above the nosings of the stair treads and
the floor of the landing, balcony, corridor, hallway, access bridge or the like;
ko hono maolunga oku ikai toe siI hifo I he 865 mm I olunga I he
ngaahi tuliki tua o e lauI sitepu mo e faliki o e tuuanga, falefakatolo
olunga, kolitoa, holouei, halafakakavakava aluanga pe hano tatau;

(ii)

the space between balusters or the width of any opening in the balustrade
(including any openable window or panel) is not more than 150 mm except
where the space between rails or the height of the opening is not more than 150
mm; and all parts of the balustrade more than 150 mm and less than 760mm
from the floor or nosings are vertical or otherwise do not provide a toe-hold.
ko e va i he vahaa o e ngaahi a vahevahe pe ko e falahi o ha faahinga
fakaava I he aa vahevahe (kau ai ha faahinga matapa sii pe paneli ala
fakaava) oku ikai ke lahi hake i he 150 mm tukukehe a e taimi koia ko e
va I he vahaa o e ngaahi mea pikinima pe koe maoluga o e fakaava
oku ikai lahi hake I he 150 mm; pea ko e konga kotoa o e aa vahevahe
oku ikai lahi hake i he 150 mm pea sii hifo I he 760mm mei he faliki pe
tuliki tua oku vetikale pe ikai ke iai ha tuuanga ki he vae.

National Building Code 2007


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ACCESS AND EGRESS

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HUANGA KI LOTO MO E HU KI TUA

KUPU DD

ma x g a p 150 mm

FIGURE DD1.1

MEASUREMENT OF RISER (R) AND GOING (G)


FUA O E HAKE O E SITEPU (R) MO E ALUANGA (G)

NOTE
R
G
T

FAKAMATALA

TABLE DD1.1

=
=
=

Riser (Hake)
Going (Aluanga)
Tread (LauI sitepu)

RISER DIMENSIONS (R mm) TO MATCH GOING

TEPILE DD1.1

NGAAHI FUA O E HAKE (R mm) KE HOA MO E


ALUANGA

Pitch

GOING (G mm)

Engikolo

ALUANGA (G mm)

240

250

260

270

280

290

300

310

200
195
187
180
173
167
160
153
146

200
194
186
179
173
165
158
151

320

330

42
41o
40o
39o
38o
37o
360
350
340
330
320
310
300
290
280
270
260
250
240

200
194
187
181
174
168
162
156
144

200
195
188
182
175
168
162
156
150

200
196
188
182
175
169
162
156
150

200
196
189
182
175
168
162
156
150

200
195
188
181
174
167
161
155
150

200
195
188
181
174
167
161
155
148

200
192
185
179
170
163
156
149

198
190
183
175
168
161
154
147

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KUPU DD

Note 1: Actual riser dimension may be selected to suit the inter-landing height. However the value of the
riser dimension must not be outside the maximum or minimum dimensions shown for each value of going.
Fakamatala 1: Ko e fua totonu o e hake e lava ia ke fili ke feunga mo e maolunga o e inter-landing.
Kaikehe ko e mahuinga o e fua o e hake kuo pau ke oua naa I tua I he ngaahi fua lahi taha pe siI taha
oku fakaha atu ki he mahuinga takitaha o e aluanga.

Note 2: The preferred maximum pitch is 37 degrees.


Fakamatala 2: Ko e engikolo lahi taha oku feunga ko e tikilii e 37.

DD1.4 Parapets on flat roofs


Ngaahi aa pukupuku i he fungafale lafalafa

Where a flat roof or other elevated place has regular access a parapet or balustrade of not less
than 1 m height above the surface of the roof or elevated place must be provided. Any
opening in the parapet or balustrade must not exceed 150 mm in width and not provide a toehold.
Ko e fungafale lafalafa pe ha toe feituu oku maolunga oku faa fai ha alu kiai kuo pau
ki ha aa pukupuku pe ko ha aa vahevahe ikai toe sii hifo i he 1m ki olunga mei he
fungafale pe feituu oku maolunga. Kuo pau ki ha fakaava i he aa pukupuku pe aa
vahevahe ke oua naa lahi hake i he 150 mm a hono falahi pea oua naa iai ha
tuuanga vae.

DD1.5 Number of exits


Lahi o e ngaahi huanga ki tua

Every Class 1 building must have two exits. At least one of these exits must provide an easy
means of egress in case of any emergency without reducing security to the building. Such
emergency exits may take the form of a trap door on an elevated floor or some such
arrangement. Windows and other such openings used as emergency exits must have a
minimum clear dimension of 560 mm and a minimum clear area of opening of 0.6 m2. The
shutter must be capable of opening to 900 to the wall. The top of the window sill must be no
more than 900 mm from the floor inside. The height of the window sill from the ground or
floor outside must not exceed 1800 mm.
Kuo pau ki he fale Kalasi 1 kotoa pe ke iai hono huanga ki tua e ua. Kuo pau ki ha taha
o e ongo huanga ki tua ko eni ke ne oatu ha founga faingofua ki he hu atu ki tua i ha
hoko ha fakatamaki fakafokifa tae toe holoki a e malu a e fale. E ngofua ki he ngaahi
huanga ki tua fakavavevave ko eni ke i he sipinga o ha kiI matapa teke i ha faliki oku
tuu i ha faliki oku maolunga hake pe ha toe fokotuutuu tatau mo ia. Kuo pau ki he
ngaahi matapa sii mo e ngaahi fakaava pehe oku ngaueaki ki he huanga ki tua i ha
fakatamaki ke ne mau ha fua ata siI taha ko e 560 mm mo ha elia ata siI taha ki he
fakaava ko e 0.6 m2. Kuo pau ki he matapa teke ke lava o fakaava 900 ki he holisi. Kuo
pau ki he konga ki olunga o e funga matapa sii ke oua naa laka hake I he 900 mm
mei he faliki i loto. Kuo pau ki he maolunga o e funga matapa sii mei lalo pe faliki I
tua ke oua naa lahi hake i he 1800 mm.

Every Class 1 building must have 2 doors for access and egress. The required exits could
include one or both of these doors.
Kuo pau ki he fale Kalasi 1 kotoa pe ke iai a e matapa e 2 ki he huanga ki loto mo e
huanga ki tua. E malava pe ki he ngaahi huanga ki tua oku fiemau ke kau kiai ha
taha pe fakatouosi a e ongo matapa ko eni.

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KUPU DD

DD1.6 Ramp in exits


Hala fakatahifo i he ngaahi huanga ki tua

A ramp may be used in place of a stairway. The gradient of any such ramp must be no steeper
than 1:8.
E malava ke ngaueaki ha hala fakatahifo ke fetongiaki ha halanga sitepu. Kuo pau ki he
tahifo o e hala fakatahifo koia ke oua naa loloto hake i he 1:8.

DD1.7 Dimensions of exits


Fua o e ngaahi huanga ki tua

The clear minimum width of a stairway or ramp must be 760 mm. The unobstructed height
throughout must be not less than 2 m.
Kuo pau ki he falahi sii taha o ha halanga sitepu pe hala fakatahifo ke 760 mm. Kuo pau
ki he maolunga kuo fakaataata fakakatoa ke oua naa sii hifo i he 2 m.

DD1.8 Doors in small enclosures


Where the size of any enclosure is smaller than 2 m x 1 m (such as an enclosure containing a
toilet, shower or the like), any door from the enclosure must open outward. This will
facilitate the rescue of any incapacitated occupant from the enclosure.

I he siisiI a e lahi o ha feituu malu i he 2m x 1m (hange ko ha feituu malu oku iai


ha toileti, saoa pe hano tatau), kuo pau ki ha matapa pe i he feituu malu ke fakaava
mai ki tua. E faingofua eni i hano fakahaofi o ha taha oku faingataaia mei he feituu
malu ko eni.

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