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PASSIVE AND

ACTIVE
TRANSPORT

HOW DO MOLECULES MOVE


INTO AND OUT OF THE CELL?
Molecules move into and out of a cell through either
passive transport or active transport.
Both passive and active transport move ions or
molecules across cell membranes.

PASSIVE TRANSPORT
This type of transport always operates along a
concentration gradient (from regions of greater
concentration to regions of lesser concentration).
Passive transport also requires no external source of
energy and sometimes uses the assistance of a
protein.

DIFFUSION
The force behind the movement of many substances
across the cell membrane is called diffusion.
There are three main types of diffusion:
Simple Diffusion
Channel Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion

SIMPLE DIFFUSION
Simple diffusion is when a small molecule passes
through a lipid bilayer.
Simple diffusion does not
involve a protein.
An example of simple
diffusion is osmosis.

CHANNEL DIFFUSION
Channel diffusion involves
channel proteins where material
moves through an open, aqueous
pore.
Channel diffusion can be
regulated.
Street

FACILITATED DIFFUSION
Facilitated diffusion is
dependent on single transport
protein carriers.
These protein carriers operate
on a bind, flip, release
mechanism.
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CELLS AND OSMOSIS


Isotonicwater moves in and
out of cell because there is no
concentration difference.
Therefore cell does not change.
Hypotonicwater moves into the
cell High Low. Therefore cell
swells.
Hypertonicwater moves out of
cell High Low. Therefore cell
shrivels.

ACTIVE TRANSPORT
This type of transport always operates against a
concentration gradient (from regions of lesser
concentration to regions of greater concentration).
Active transport uses membrane proteins that require
energy (ATP).

SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP
The Sodium-Potassium
Pump uses energy to
transport Sodium and
Potassium ions in and
out of the cell.
Its powered by a
molecule of ATP.

ENDOCYTOSIS
Endocytosis is a process by which cells can
take in large particles and deposit them into
the cell.
This is accomplished by forming membranebound sacs that pinch off from the cell
membrane.
This includes Phagocytosis (transporting
food in) and Pinocytosis (transporting liquid
in).

EXOCYTOSIS
Exocytosis is very similar to endoxytosis
except that it deposits materials from
inside the cell on the outside instead of the
other way around.
Vesicles are formed in the Golgi Bodies,
filled with materials to be sent outside the
cell, and then fuse with the cell membrane
and release their contents outside of the
cell.

THINK, PAIR, SHARE


Water, water everywhere, and not a drop to drink.
This common statement about people shipwrecked at
sea has biological significance. Why is it that we cant
drink sea water to quench our thirst?

THINK, PAIR, SHARE


After celery is stored in an open refrigerator for two
days, it is wilted. However, immersing the cut stalk
in water for a few hours restores the integrity of the
celery. How?

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