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ACTIVE
TRANSPORT
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
This type of transport always operates along a
concentration gradient (from regions of greater
concentration to regions of lesser concentration).
Passive transport also requires no external source of
energy and sometimes uses the assistance of a
protein.
DIFFUSION
The force behind the movement of many substances
across the cell membrane is called diffusion.
There are three main types of diffusion:
Simple Diffusion
Channel Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
SIMPLE DIFFUSION
Simple diffusion is when a small molecule passes
through a lipid bilayer.
Simple diffusion does not
involve a protein.
An example of simple
diffusion is osmosis.
CHANNEL DIFFUSION
Channel diffusion involves
channel proteins where material
moves through an open, aqueous
pore.
Channel diffusion can be
regulated.
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FACILITATED DIFFUSION
Facilitated diffusion is
dependent on single transport
protein carriers.
These protein carriers operate
on a bind, flip, release
mechanism.
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ACTIVE TRANSPORT
This type of transport always operates against a
concentration gradient (from regions of lesser
concentration to regions of greater concentration).
Active transport uses membrane proteins that require
energy (ATP).
SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP
The Sodium-Potassium
Pump uses energy to
transport Sodium and
Potassium ions in and
out of the cell.
Its powered by a
molecule of ATP.
ENDOCYTOSIS
Endocytosis is a process by which cells can
take in large particles and deposit them into
the cell.
This is accomplished by forming membranebound sacs that pinch off from the cell
membrane.
This includes Phagocytosis (transporting
food in) and Pinocytosis (transporting liquid
in).
EXOCYTOSIS
Exocytosis is very similar to endoxytosis
except that it deposits materials from
inside the cell on the outside instead of the
other way around.
Vesicles are formed in the Golgi Bodies,
filled with materials to be sent outside the
cell, and then fuse with the cell membrane
and release their contents outside of the
cell.