Fluids

-fluids @rest:liquid or a gas

kg
g
3
3
3
m cm =10

m
Parameters: p:desnsity: v
g
Density of water=1 cm3

kg
3
m

kg
l

kg
Deisty of air=1.29 m3
-Assume- incomprehensible that density is constant
Pressure

P=

F
A

= force exerted perpendicular to surface of an object submerged in

fluid per unit area

Unit:

N
= pascal , pa
2
m

Other units of pressure:

3

-Atmospheric pressure: 1 atm=101.3* 10

Pa =14.7

lbs
2

(psi)=760 ton ( mm of

Hg)=76 cm of Hg=1.013 bar(1 bar= 10 Pa )

Pascal noted: pressure in a fluid (@rest), it depends only on depth
Pascals Principle: P=Po+p(pressure)gh
Example
Scuba diver @ depth 10 m in water; what is pressure on you?
: P=10+103(10)(10)=2*105 around 2 atm
Extra (net) force on her eardrum
(105)(1*10-4)=10 pa(m2)=10N

Hydraulics