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Flexibility is the ability to provide a wide variety of products, and it measures how fast
the manufacturer can convert its process line used for one product to produce another
product after marketing the required changes.
Market survey method of forecasting:
Conducting survey among the prospective buyer or users is a very old method of
forecasting. Here a questionnaire is prepared ad circulated among the people and their
responses are obtained. The responses are collated and analyzed to reveal possible clues
towards acceptance or otherwise about a new product or services. Based on the overall
decision, the forecasting is done. This method is typically done for new products or at
new places where a product to be launched. In this method, the number of respondents
and how responses are gathered like through oral interviews, personal talks, internet
based, postal ballots, etc, have to be established before survey. The common limitations
are the sample size and the way of drawing the sample like random, convenient, or
judgmental. Sample bias is not completely ruled out.
Q2. Evaluate the factors that favour Gujarat as a location for manufacturing automobiles.
Gujarat offers a model for Economic Progress and Development for the developing
nations. Its significant contribution to Indian Economy has made India visible to a
competitive market in spite of the downturn in World Economy. Emerging as Investor
friendly destinations in the country, Gujarat highlights a luxurious lifestyle of leisure,
pleasure, business and Investments.
Strategic Location
Gujarat has a strategic location it is well connected to the major cities of the
world both by air and sea routes.
Gujarat has direct international flight connectivity to cities across Europe, Middle
East, East Asia and America.
Q3. Write shorts note on:
5 Ss system of waste elimination
Scheduling in services
Vendor managed inventory
Subcontracting capacity (production) option
Ans: 5Ss system of waste elimination:
Sort/segregate- keep what is needed and remove everything else from the work
area, when in doubt, throw it out. Identify non value items and remove them.
Simply/straighten- arrange and use analysis tools to improve the work flow and
reduce waste motion. Consider long run and short run ergonomic issues.
Shine/sweep- clean daily; eliminate all forms of dirt, contamination, and clutter
from the work area.
Standardize- remove variations from the process by developing standard
operating procedures and checklists, develop good standards. Standardize
equipment and tooling so that cross training time and cost are reduced.
Sustain/self- discipline- Review periodically to recognize the efforts and motivate
the work force to sustain progress. Use visuals wherever possible for easy
communication and implementation.
Scheduling in services:
There are distinctive difference between the scheduling followed for manufacturing
and services. All these differences have a direct impact on scheduling. The differences
are:
Service operations cannot create inventories to provide buffer for demand
uncertainties.
Demand in service operations cannot be predicted accurately.
Demands for service are initiated mostly as unplanned event and hence, there
may be certain distortions in scheduling.
Providing the required manpower and skills for the sudden demand in
scheduling a service activity is challenging and sometimes becomes crucial.
Vendor managed inventory:
The very purpose of JIT is to reduce inventory at all places in the supply chain. Inventory
is considered as waste because inventory is created by using materials, machines, and
efforts of persons. All of these are resources which have already been used up and that
portion of it which is not consumed and sent up the value chain causes a drag in the
system. However, inventories are inevitable because uncertainties exist at every stage,
making it necessary to provide a buffer so that demands do not go unfilled. The challenge
is to keep it to the minimum.
Subcontracting capacity (production) option:
A film can acquire temporary capacity by subcontracting work during peak demand
periods. Subcontracting, however, has several pitfalls. First, it may be expensive, second
it risks opening the clients door to a competitor. Third, is often hard to find the perfect
subcontract supplier, one who always delivers the quality product on time. However, of
late outsourcing has become a complete business policy and cost of operations may be
cited as the main reason.
Q4. Describe the post implementation review of a project. Explain the tools that may be
considered for post implementation review.
Ans: Post implementation review
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After every stage of a project is implemented, it may so happen that there could be a
minor change or modification which has to be reviewed. This is known as post
implementation review. The review is performed in four parts:
1. Final product review: The product obtained after every stage must meet the
requirements of that stage. If it completely meets the stated objectives, then focus on the
issues of maintenance of the processes and product performance. If the final product does
not completely meet the objectives then identify the variations in the product and analyse
the variation. Study the factors responsible for the change and evaluate each one
separately.
2. Outstanding project work review: Many times it is found that there may be some item
of the project which is still not in its finished form. It may be insignificant as it may be a
by-product of that stage which may not be required immediately for the next stage. Then
the items that are open should be resolved and necessary steps be taken to close such
open items.
3. Project review: Every aspect of a project from start to end has to be reviewed. The
objectives, performance criteria, financial criteria, resource utilisation, slips and gains of
time, adherence to the project definition, and plans have to be reviewed. All such review
details and reports have to be well documented for future use.
4. Process review: Every process is important in any project. One may review the process
to see, if any changes can be made to improve its performance.
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may be initiated depending upon the points to be discussed.
4. Process evaluation: Evaluation of any process is one of the key issues
of project
Q5. Explain the steps to set data in logical order so that the business process may be
defined.
List the ingredients of a business process.
Ans: A business process or business method is a collection of related, structured activities
or tasks that produce a specific service or product (serve a particular goal) for a particular
customer or customers. It can often be visualized with a flowchart as a sequence of
activities with interleaving decision points or with a Process Matrix as a sequence of
activities with relevance rules based on data in the process.
1. Management processes, the processes that govern the operation of a system.
Typical management processes include "corporate governance" and "strategic
management".
2. Operational processes, processes that constitute the core business and create the
primary value stream. For example, taking orders from customers, and opening an
account in a bank branch.
3. Supporting processes, which support the core processes. Examples include Health
& Safety, accounting, recruitment, call center, technical support.
Persons, teams, and organizational units, which helps to perform and achieve the
tasks.