Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Academy, bhopal
2015-2016
submitted to:
Ashwin Singh
prasad
Mr.Nagendra
Class: XII D
Roll no.
CERTIFICATE
This to certify that the project report
entitled to find refractive indices of
water and turpentine oil submitted
by Ashwin Singh during the academic
year 2015 2016 is a bonafied piece
of work conducted under my
supervision and guidance. The data
sources have been fully
acknowledged. I wish his success in all
his future endeavours.
MR.faizal shareef
(pgt physics)
Mr. d.ashok
(PRINCIPAL)
Acknowledgement
I thank my physics laboratory teacher
guiding me in doing this project. His
constant support and encouragement
helped me a lot in completing this project.
I also thank my chemistry teacher Mr.
Faizal Shareef for helping me with this
project. I also thank the lab assistant and
all other non-teaching staff members for
arranging the apparatus as and when
required.
I also thank my school for providing
such wonderful laboratory facilities.
Index
SR. NO.
1
CONTENTS
OBJECTIVE
PAGE NO.
1
APPARATUS
THEORY
PROCEDURE
OBSERVATION
CALCULATION
RESULT
PRECAUTION
SOURCES OF ERROR
10
BIBLIOGRAPHY
10
Objective
Apparatus:
A convex lens, an optical needle, a plane mirror, a clamp stand,
a spherometer, a plumb line, metre scale, water and turpentine
oil.
Theory:
Lets add small amount of water on a flat, plane surface and
place a convex lens over it. This forms a plano-concave lens of
water between the lower surface of convex lens and plane
mirror.
Let f1 and f2 are the focal lengths of water lens and convex lens
respectively, then focal length of the combination is:
1 1
1
= +
F f1 f2
1
1
1
=( 1 )
f1
R1 R 2
=(
R1 = R and R2 =
1
R
1 1 1
=
f1 F f2
(i)
=1+
R
f1
(ii)
l
h
R= +
6h 2
(iii)
Procedure:
I.
(ii) Place the plane mirror with the convex lens placed on
it above the horizontal base of a clamp stand
horizontally as its tip lies vertically above the optical
centre of the lens. Adjust the needle at a height a little
more than the rough focal length of the convex lens.
(iii) Try to remove the parallax between the tip of the
object needle and its image tip.
(iv) Note the distance of the tip of the needle from the
centre of the upper surface of the lens. Let it be x 1.
(Use plumb line).
(v) Remove the convex lens and measure the distance of
the tip of the needle from the plane mirror. Let it be
x2. (Use plumb line).
(vi)
Observations
Pitch of the spherometer= 1 cm
Least count of the spherometer = 0.01 cm
Distance between the legs:
(1)
(2)
(3)
AB
BC
CA
= 3 cm
= 3 cm
= 3 cm
Initial
reading
of the C.S.
on the
convex
lens
No.
of
complet
e
rotation
s
Final
reading
of
the
c.s
on
the
glass
Addition
al
C.S
div.
moved
h=n Mean
x
h
pitch
+ m
x
L.C
(a)
(n)
slab
62
6.5
55.5
64
60
0.55
5
0.6
0.577
5
Area
between
lens and
plane
mirror
S.N
o
Without
liquid
1
2
With
water
With oil
1
2
1
2
31.4
37.5
9.4
10.4
31.8
38.1
9.6
10,6
Mean
x=
x1 + x2
2
30.75
36.95
31.6
37.8
9.5
10.5
Focal
lengt
h
f1=
33.8
5
f2=3
4.7
f3=1
0
CALCULATIONS
Mean distance between two legs
l=
AB+ BC +CA
3
=3 cm
Mean h = 0.7557 cm
To find the radius of curvature of the convex lens:
l2 h
R= + =2.27366 cm
6h 2
1=1+
R
2.27366
=1+
=1.06552
f2
34.7
R
2.27366
=1+
=1.22736
f3
10
Result
The refractive index of water is 1 = 1.06552
The refractive index of turpentine oil is 2 = 1.22736
Precautions
(i)
Sources of error:
(i)
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. WEBSITES :
www.wikipedia.org
www.google.com
www.yahoo.com
2. BOOKS :