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How to Determine GSM of Woven Fabric from its Construction?

To determine approximate GSM (grams per square meters) of a given fabric, you
can use following formula. One of my colleagues used to use this formula in testing
lab. In case different counts of warp thread or weft thread is used then this formula
will not give you correct GSM. It is also known as conversion formula from fabric
construction to fabric weight.
Fabric GSM = (EPI/warp count + PPI/Weft count) x (100+crimp %) X 0.2327
Woven Fabric
For example, construction of a fabric is 40 X40 /120 X 60 and warp and weft crimp is
6%. Then GSM of this fabric will be,
GSM = (120/40 + 60/40) X (100+6%) X 0.2327
GSM =104.77
Also See: What is Crimp% in Fabric and How to Measure Warp and Weft Crimp%
I found others to use this formula with different multiplying factors.
Fabric GSM= ((EPI/warp count X 1.1) + (PPI/weft count x 1.04)) x 23.5 By Dharmi
Where 1.1 and 1.04 are warp and weft crimp factors respectively.
What is Crimp% in Fabric and How to Measure Warp and Weft Crimp%
What is Crimp%?
You might know that woven fabric made of two sets of yarns - warp yarns and weft
yarns. Warp and weft yarns are interlaced with each another and form fabric sheet.
Inside the fabric, yarns form a wavy shape instead of straight yarn. As a result
actual length of the yarns is longer than the length of fabric width and length in
fabric. Both in warp way and weft ways. The shortening of yarn length in fabric is
known as crimp.
To calculate yarn requirement for a particular fabric, you need to know crimp of the
yarns in the fabric.
Crimp% in woven fabric varies depending on fabric structure - like yarn density and
yarn thickness.
How to calculate Warp/Weft Crimp%:
Use following steps to find crimp% of warp and weft yarns.
Take a fabric sample of 1 meter X 1 meter

Pull out warp and weft yarns (of full length) from the fabric sample
Remove crimp from yarns and straighten to its actual length
Measure length of the straighten warp and wefts. Assume that you got straighten
length of warps are 1.05 meter and weft yarn length is 1.08 meter.
Then calculate crimp% by using following formula.
Yarn Crimp% = 100 X (Straighten Yarn length - Yarn length in fabric)/Fabric Length
Warp Crimp% = 100 X [(length of warps in straighten form - warp wise fabric
sample length)/Warp wise fabric sample length]
Weft Crimp% = 100 X [(length of weft in straighten form - weft wise fabric sample
length)/Weft wise fabric sample length]
Example:
From the above information
Warp crimp% = ((1.05-1.00)/1.00) *100 = 5%
Weft crimp%= ((1.08 -1.00)/1.00)* 100 = 8%

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