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College of Science
Department of Biology
BIOL4432Genetics
Spring 2012
Report of:
Drosophila
(White vs. bar)
Done by :
Munira said AL-yaroubi(85814)
Abir Omar Hilal AL-Rumhi (87142)
Introduction:
The fruit fly has been the subject of genetic studies since
about 1909.Drosophila melanogaster is the first
organisms to be studied genetically. As most species,
Drosophila melanogaster is diploid. It has four pairs of
1
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
Construct crosses of caught and known wild- type and mutated flies.
Learn techniques to manipulate flies and sex them.
Improve thinking skills and connection in the students.
Determine the inheritance pattern of a gene using a multigenerational
viii.
experiment.
Analyze data from your genetic crosses using chi-square analysis
techniques.
Materials and methods
i. Vial of bar eyes males and females of Drosophila
melanogaster with food at the bottom.
ii. Soft, small paint brush for moving etherized flies.
iii. Etherizer and ether (Or Fly nap kit).
iv. Empty vials.
v. Hand lens or Dissection microscope.
vi. Media formula 4-24 (available from Carolina biological
supply company).
vii. Small boats.
viii. Yeast.
Methods :
Preparing media;
i. Put 2 small boats of Media in empty vials.
ii. Power 2 small boat of tap water in media.
iii. Put 2 pieces of yeasts in media -water
mixtures.
Observation of Parental
i. Etherize the vial of wild-type flies.
ii. Using the dissecting scope, determine the
differences between sexes.
iii. Etherize one vial of mutant flies at a time.
iv. Using the dissecting scope, compare the
mutant traits to the wild-type traits.
v. Record the phenotype and genotype of the
flies.
vi. Repeat steps 3 through 5 with the second
vial.
Put the bar male eye
and female you have
separate in one vial
and the white in other
Day 1
Day 5
Day 9
Day11
Larvae of two
intermarriage strain
(bar / white ) emerge.
Remove parents from
cultures to prevent
breeding between
generations.
Day 12-20
Appearance of first
generation. Determine
the phenotype of
generation and Count
the number of
generations in each
trait.
Count the number of
females and males.
Cross males and
females of F1, 4 at least
from each sex.
Day 21-25
Day 30-35
(after F2 generation
emerges)
Anesthetize and count
the flies every other
day for about 10 days.
Once counted, the
flies should not be
returned to the same
culture vial.
Day 36-47
Result:
Female
male
total
phenoty
pe
Red bar
eye
White
bar eye
F1
N0 perce
.
nt
34 52.31
%
31 47.69
%
65
100%
F2
N0.
phenoty
pe
wild/white eye
perce
nt
12%
Bar/whit
27
36%
29
38.67
%
wild/red eye
10
Total
75
13.33
%
100%
e eye
Bar/red
eye
DISCUSSION:
According to information about our mutation we
expected is that the F1 will not be wild type, because
autosomal sex linked alleles crossing
Will not be as autosomal autosomal alleles
crossing.therefore, F1 ratio 1:1 and F2 3:3:1:1.
As it is appeared from the above result in table2 that
show the observe result is that the percentages of F1
are 47.69% and 52.31% that are corresponding to 1:1
ratio.
While for the F2 are 36%, 38.67%,12% and 13.33% that
are corresponding to 3:3:1:1 ratio.
In fact, our finding result as show in table2 matched our
expected result in table 3 and 4.
F1
phenotype
B+B+XWXW
BB+XWXW+
Red wild/bar
BB+XWXW+
Red wild/bar
B+BXWY
white
BBXW+Y
B+BXWY
white
eye
eye
wild/bar eye
wild/bar eye
B+BXWXW+
B+BXW+Y
B+XW
B+XW+
BXW
BXW+
B+XW
B+Y
BXW
BY
B+B+XWXW
B+B+XWY
B+BXWXW
B+BXWY
wild/white eye
wild/white eye
Bar/white
Bar/white
eye
eye
B+B+XW+XW
B+B+XW+Y
B+BXW+XW
B+BXW+Y
Normal/red
Normal/r
Bar/red
eye
ed eye
eye
B+BXWXW
B+BXWY
BBXWXW
BBXWY
Bar/white
Bar/white
Bar/white
Bar/white
eye
eye
eye
eye
BB+XWXW+
B+BXW+Y
BBXW+XW
BBXW+Y
Bar/red
Bar/red
Bar/red
Bar/red eye
eye
eye
eye
Bar/red eye
Wild/whit
e eye
Wild/red
eye
Bar/white
eye
Bar/red
eye
#
Observed
(o)
9
#
Expected
(e)
9.375
(o-e)
-0.375
0.140625
0.015
10
9.375
0.625
0.390625
0.0417
27
28.125
-1.125
1.265625
0.045
29
28.125
0.875
0.765625
0.0272
(o-e)2
(o-e)2
e
Conclusion:
To conclude we have to keep in our mind many
considerations
To improve our result in this experiment, keeping fly
culture in fixed condition (tem. Humidity...etc.),
amount of the yeast must be two prices for two
media small boat and water and avoid moving with
fly culture everywhere and must be handled
carefully.
In addition we faced several problems such change
in temperature during the two last month which
affect the crossing process negatively and difficulty
to determine exactly the symbol of our mutation.
Finally this project allowed us to apply Mendelian
low of inheritance .