Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Z. Aliyazicioglu
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department
Cal Poly Pomona
The Laplace
Transform
Frequency
Response
of a Circuit
Some Preliminaries
Analysis of a circuit with varying frequency of a sinusoidal
sources is called the frequency response of a circuit
Input signal
Filter
Filter
Output signal
ECE 307-4 2
H (s ) =
V0 (s )
Vi (s )
H ( j ) =
V0 ( j )
Vi ( j )
ECE 307-4 3
|H(j)|
Stopband
Passband
(jc)
c : Cutoff frequency
ECE 307-4 4
|H(j)|
Passband
0
|H(j)|
Stopband
0
(j)
(jc)
Passband
Stopband
(j)
(jc)
ECE 307-4 5
c Cutoff frequency
|H(j)|
|H(j)|
Stop
band
(j)
(jc1)
c1
Passband
Stopband
c2
Pass
band
(j)
(jc1)
Stop
band
c1
Pass
band
c2
(jc1)
(jc1)
H ( j c ) =
ECE 307-4 7
Low-Pass Filter
1
sL
+
Vi(s)
Vo(s)
-
V0 (s )
R
=
Vi (s ) sL + R
R
L
H (s ) =
s+
R
L
H ( j ) =
R
L
R
j +
L
Magnitude Response
H ( j ) =
Phase Response
R
L
R
+
L
2
( j ) = tan1
ECE 307-4 8
When =
R
L
R
02 +
L
=1
H ( j ) =
R
L
R
+
L
=0
0L
D
=0
R
L
D
= 90
R
( j 0) = tan1
( j ) = tan1
H ( jc ) =
Result
R
L
R
c 2 +
1
2
c =
R
L
ECE 307-4 9
1000
= 0.159 H H ( j ) =
2 * * 1000
1000
0.159
1000
j +
0.159
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
R=1000;
L=0.159;
f=0:25:10000;
w=2*pi*f;
subplot (2,1,1)
h=abs((R/L)./(j*w+(R/L)));
semilogx(w,h)
grid on
title('|H(j\omega)|')
xlabel ('\omega')
ylabel ('|H(j\omega)|')
theta=angle((R/L)./(j*w+(R/L)));
subplot (2,1,2)
degree=theta*180/pi;
semilogx(w,degree)
grid on
title('\theta(j\omega)')
xlabel('\omega')
ylabel('\theta(j\omega)')
ECE 307-4 10
Example
H (s ) =
R/L
s + R/L
Matlab
>> syms s
>> n=[0 1000/0.159];
>> d=[1 1000/0.159];
>> g=tf(n,d)
Transfer function:
6289
-------s + 6289
>> bode (g)
>> grid on
ECE 307-4 11
1
V
1Vac
0Vdc
L1
0.159H
V1
R1
1k
0
1. 0V
fc=1KHz
0. 5V
0V
1 0 0 Hz
V( L1 : 2 )
3 0 0 Hz
V( V1 : +)
1 . 0 KHz
3 . 0 KHz
Fr e q u e n c y
1 0 KHz
3 0 KHz
1 0 0 KHz
ECE 307-4 12
Low-Pass Filter
R
+
Vi(s)
1/sC
1
RC
H (s ) =
1
s+
RC
1
V0 (s )
sC
=
Vi (s ) R + 1
sC
Vo(s)
-
H ( j ) =
1
RC
Magnitude Response
1
j +
RC
H ( j ) =
1
RC
Phase Response
( j ) = tan1 ( RC )
RC
2 +
ECE 307-4 13
When =
1
RC
1
02 +
RC
=1
H ( j ) =
1
RC
1
+
RC
=0
( j 0) = tan1 ( 0RC ) = 0D
( j ) = tan1 ( RC ) = 90D
H ( jc ) =
Result
1
RC
1
RC
c 2 +
1
2
c =
1
RC
ECE 307-4 14
Example
1
RC
C=
1
c R
C=
1
= 1.99 nF
2 * * 8000 x10000
H ( j )
R
L
50 KHz
L=
L=
c
R
L
R
+
L
2
5000
= 2.5 H
2000
5000
2.5
5000
(2 * * 50000) +
2.5
= 0.0635
ECE 307-4 15
ECE 307-4 16
Example
1Vac
0Vdc
10k
V1
C1
1.99n
0
1. 0V
fc=8KHz
H (fc ) =
1
2
0. 5V
0V
1 0 0 Hz
V( R1 : 1 )
1 . 0 KHz
1 0 KHz
1 0 0 KHz
1 . 0 MHz
V( V1 : +)
Fr e q u e n c y
ECE 307-4 17
A Serial RC Circuit
1/sC
+
Vi(s)
Vo(s)
-
V0 (s )
R
=
Vi (s ) R + 1
sC
H (s ) =
s+
1
RC
j
j +
1
RC
Magnitude Response
H ( j ) =
1
+
RC
2
Phase Response
( j ) = 90D tan1 ( RC )
ECE 307-4 18
When =
0
1
0 +
RC
=0
H ( j ) =
1
+
RC
=1
0
D
= 90
RC
( j 0) = 90D tan1
D
=0
RC
( j ) = 90D tan1
1
H ( jc ) =
=
2
2
1
c 2 +
RC
c =
1
RC
ECE 307-4 19
High-Pass Filter
R
Vi(s)
sL
Vo(s)
2
V0 (s )
sL
=
Vi (s ) sL + R
H (s ) =
s
s+
R
L
j
R
j +
L
Magnitude Response
H ( j ) =
R
+
L
2
Phase Response
L
( j ) = 90D tan1
ECE 307-4 20
10
When =
0
H ( j 0) =
R
0 +
L
=0
H ( j ) =
R
+
L
=1
0L
D
= 90
R
L
D
=0
R
( j 0) = 90D tan1
( j ) = 90D tan1
1
H ( jc ) =
=
2
2
R
c 2 +
L
c =
R
L
ECE 307-4 21
Let
R
L
R = 1K
Result
L=
H ( j )
5 KHz
L=
R
+
L
2
1000
= 15.9 mH
2 * * 10000
2 * * 5000
1000
(2 * * 5000) +
0.0159
= 0.4469
ECE 307-4 22
11
ECE 307-4 23
R1
1Vac
0Vdc
1K
L2
V1
15.9mH
2
1. 0V
fc=8KHz
H (fc ) =
1
2
0. 5V
0V
1 0 0 Hz
V( R1 : 2 )
1 . 0 KHz
1 0 KHz
V( V1 : + )
Fr e q u e n c y
1 0 0 KHz
1 . 0 MHz
ECE 307-4 24
12
VP
1Vac
0Vdc
1K
VP
L2
V1
15.9mH
2
100d
fc=8KHz
50d
0d
1 0 0 Hz
VP( V1 : +)
1 . 0 KHz
1 0 KHz
(H (fc ) = 45D
1 0 0 KHz
1 . 0 MHz
VP( R1 : 2 )
Fr e q u e n c y
ECE 307-4 25
Example
Vi(s)
RL
s
R + RL
Ks
=
H (s ) =
RL R
R
s+
s+K
R + RL L
L
R
c = K
L
where
K=
RL
R + RL
K=
1
= 0.5
1+ 1
Result
L=K
= 0.5
1
= 7.95 mH
2 * * 10
ECE 307-4 26
13
j K
j + K
R
L
R=1000;
RL=1000;
L=7.95*10^-3;
K=RL/(R+RL)
f=0:25:70000;
w=2*pi*f;
h=abs((j*w*K)./(j*w+K*R/L));
subplot (2,1,1)
semilogx(w,h)
grid on
title('|H(j\omega)')
xlabel ('\omega')
ylabel ('|H(j\omega)')
theta=angle((j*w*K)./(j*w+K*R/L));
subplot (2,1,2)
plot (w, theta)
degree=theta*180/pi;
semilogx (f, degree)
grid on
title('\theta(j\omega)')
xlabel('\omega')
ylabel('\theta(j\omega)')
grid on
ECE 307-4 27
14