Laurel Wenzel

10-36-15
Annotated Source List
Beeren, M. V. (2012, July 3). Outside in: Dress to impress yourself. Retrieved October 4, 2015,
from psychology today website:https://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/201208/
outside-in-dress-impress-yourself
Summary:
This article explains research has suggested that what we wear can influence not only others, but
our own behavior. Just like our bodies physical state ca affect the mind, What we wear on our
body can affect the mind. Hajo Adam and Adam Galinsky, psychologists at Northwestern, report
in the Journal of Experimental Psychology, this theory that clothing affects your cognition. In the
study they had participants either wear a lab coat or not, while performing certain tasks such as
finding differences in too pictures. The participants performed significantly better when they
wore the lab coat unless they were told the coat was a painters coat. Jennifer Baumgartner
clinical psychologist questions whether people choose their clothes based on their state of mind
or if their cloths create a state of mind. This is also proven in studies of athletes uniforms. Teams
that wear black jersey often perform more aggressively and have a higher rate of penalties.
Referees also tend to call penalties on teams that wear black jerseys then other colors even if the
same play is made. Wardrobe can be a reflection of preexisting mood but it can also create a
mood within yourself and toward others.
Application to research:
I can use these studies as proof of effects clothing has on the individual's cognition and others
perception of their abilities and personality. This article provides numerous simple but effective
examples that can be applied to different aspects of my research topic. The lab coat study could
explain how dressing more professionally creates a more productive environment. The Jersey
color research can also explain others perception?misperception of a person's attitude based on
their outward appearance. This can be applied to classroom when teacher portray a certain
image, students receive a certain message and react accordingly. This article also makes a lot of
references to t research that i could use to extend my own research.
Chamberlin, J. (2012, November). A woman of style. American Psychological Association,
10(4). Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/gradpsych/2012/11/odd-jobs.aspx
Summary:
This article is about Jennifer Baumgartner, a clinical psychologist who has studied Why people
what they do, what it reveals about them, and what that says about how you perceive yourself.
Baumgartner is the author of "You Are What You Wear: What Your Clothes Reveal About You"
(2012) which explain her psychological theories of dress. Baumgartner takes clients and helps
them figure out what is wrong with their closet and helps her clients be more mindful about
their personal and professional lives. Her clients often receive life advice when they simply
seek help with their closet because of all the things your clothes reveal about you. Baumgartner
has explained her theories and provided tips on how to dress for work, and also how to buy
clothes more efficiently in her blogs and interviews with Cosmopolitan, StyleList and

Psychology Today. She also has a youtube show called A Better You with Dr. Jennifer
Baumgartner."
Application to research:
This article is very useful because it references many other resources regarding the effects of
clothing. I can find a lot more information through Jennifer Baumgartner. Her theories clearly
explain major themes of my research topic such as perception and applies this idea to the
professional world. I can use these theories to argue the most effective way to teacher dress. This
article also highlights an expert in my area that has various published works that I could access
for more information. Ultimately this article highlights the importance of clothing in a
professional setting.
Coppola, A. J., Scricca, D. B., & Connors, G. E. (2004). The five key components
to building EPC at your school. In Supportive aupervision: Becoming a teacher of
teachers (pp. 138-142).
Summary:
This Book is a guide for principal and administration on how to demand the most respect, one
way by attire. This book evaluates good behavior as EPC or extensive professional commitment.
Professional dress is acknowledged as an important factor in creating an environment that
promotes EPC. This book suggests that supervisors should set and example through their attire
for their staff as well as students. There is no right way to dress as long as it reflects the
environment you want to create be it laid back or more serious. The atmosphere starts with the
administration. The authors make it a point that attire must be fitting for the job with the example
of physical ed teachers vs. classroom teachers. The most important thing attire can do for the
school system is teach children that school is a professional place were important life altering
activities occur.
Application to research:
This book provided me with the more vocabulary and perspective I haven't looked at, the
administration, who set the initial expectation for the environment.. This book also gives a good
summary of the importance of attire as a whole in the school system especially its impact on the
students. This book also proves the point that attire shouldn't be one specific way, but rather
should reflect the intended environment.
Cosgrove-Mather, B. (2005, July 6). Teacher attire a touchy subject. CBS News. Retrieved from
http://www.cbsnews.com/news/teacher-attire-a-touchy-subject/2/
Summary:
This article explains the Specifics of the dress codes teachers are expected to wear all across the
united states. This can propose a problem when they become too specific and are taken too
seriously because the lines often get blurred. There is an increasing expectation that teacher dress
more and more professionally, which explains the growing regulations, however how far is too
far? These reforms are important because Teachers set the example, said Scharffe, the Michigan
official and former director of school personnel. Also a teacher interviewed remarked. "When I
dress more professionally, I think I teach better, I think I'm received better, and I think I show

more respect for my profession." Ultimately this article proposes that while appearance is
important, specific dress codes are unnecessary.
Application to research:
This article can give me many examples of the recognition of the importance of attires effects on
behavior. However this article can also bring light to the fact that enforcing the idea cannot be
effective by a set of rules. I propose that simply educating teachers on the effects their attire has
can make a big impact on the the environment and effectiveness of their classroom.
DeleCourt, H. (2015, July 15). New hanover school board tightens teacher dress code. Star News
Online. Retrieved from http://www.starnewsonline.com/article/20150715/ARTICLES/15
0719842
Summary:
This article is about dress code revisions in New Hanover county for employees rather than
students. The revisions including clarifying up to date examples of appropriate attire. The policy
An employee's dress or appearance may not be so unusual, inappropriate or lacking in
cleanliness that it disrupts classroom or learning activities or the workplace environment.
applies to all teachers and administrators. Some of the revision are stricture, measurable,
regulations on attire of teachers including aspects like skirt length and tattoos. While the policy
was approved earlier this month, not all board members agreed with the revision -- and one
board member said she did not think an updated policy was needed at all. Board member Lisa
Estep questions the effects this new policy would have on hiring new teachers and the lack of
trust portrayed to current teachers. Others for the policy say that the policy is a way to portray
the best image of the school system especially toward parents. Both Brunswick County and
Pender County schools have such a policy in place, but New Hanover's policy is now the most
comprehensive among the three.
Application to research:
This article is a very good example of current teacher dress codes and can be compared with
other resources to evaluate the effectiveness. comments mentioned in the article provide good
points of view from each side of the argument as well as opinions of possible consequences of
this type of dress code.
Drexler, P. (2014, July 25). Why it matters what we wear. Psychology Today. Retrieved from
https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/our-gender-ourselves/201407/why-it-matters-wh
at-we-wear
Summary:
This Article describes the effects clothes have on the wearer and the perception of the wearer.
theres reason to believe attraction to anothers personal style can actually help determine
compatibility. This can be surprising considering the many styles and ways people express
themselves. The article explains the effects of clothing through the 2012 lab coat study When
they gave participants white coats they said belonged to doctors, the subjects ability to pay
attention increased. Also, clothes dictate the role of the wearer as explained in 1994 study
peoples perception of their own responsibility, competence, honesty, reliability, and
trustworthiness, among other qualities, was heightened when they took a little more care in the

clothing they put on. This can make people feel more confident in their abilities. Clothing has
symbolic meaning and when people wear certain clothes they behave according to that meaning
such as a black dress for a funeral.
Application to research:
This article proves aspects of the effects of clothing. THis can be applied to student and teacher
behavior, confidence, and perception in my research. This information can justify my hypothesis,
however does not explain how these effects are relevant in the classroom.
Felch, C. (2014, May 28). At marriotts ridge, a lesson in appropriate clothing. The Baltimore
Sun. Retrieved from http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/howard
/lisbon-fulton/ph-ho-n-marriottsville-0529-20140521-story.html
Summary:
This article evaluates the howard county dress code by students at Marriotts Ridge High School.
The students noticed that the policy is open to opinion and interpretation Policy No. 9210 of the
Howard County Parent/Student Handbook, that "it is a violation of this policy for any student to
wear attire that unduly exposes or reveals skin or undergarments." The principle, as the face
of dress code enforcement was asked of her interpretations of the dress code.although their
principal is the face of dress code enforcement at Marriotts Ridge, her efforts are a response to
teacher complaints about unprofessional attire in the classrooms. The principle expect respect of
appropriate attire from both the teachers, as role models, and the same respect from her students.
Also the students evaluated that the dress code does not accommodate different body types, as
clothes may lay different of different people making Cut-and-dried guidelines are just not
feasible.
Application to research:
This article provides recent local examples of the effectiveness of student dress code from the
students point of view. This article evaluates the dress code of and provides opinions from
students as well as rational from the teachers. The parental perspective is also evaluated.
Haney, C., Zimbardo, P. G., & Banks, C. (1973). Interpersonal dynamics in a simulated prison.
International Journal of Criminology and Penology, 69(97), 75-90. Retrieved from
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Craig_Haney2/publication/232496133_Interpersonal
_dynamics_in_a_simulated_prison/links/0046352fb9c0631e12000000.pdf
Summary:
This article summarizes the Stanford Prison Study and all the factors that led to role identity and
deindividuation during this famous simulation. This experiment was conducted using volunteer
college males with similar background to see how they would behave under intense
circumstances like that of a prison. The uniforms the prisoners and the guards wore created a
attitude depending on the cloths they were given. In order to promote feelings of anonymity, in
the subjects each group was issued identical uniforms. The uniforms separated the two groups
but also unified the same group. The uniforms also were used to create a certain attitude in the
participants. For example, the kakis the guard wore were chosen to create a militant attitude with
a whistle and night stick as symbols of power. The prisoners wore ankle chains and identical
hats to oppress them and show their dependence. The ill fitting dresses without undergarments

were designed to make the prisoners feel awkward and less masculine thus they would often
assume less assertive stances.
Application to research:
The Stanford Prison Study accounts for a lot of environmental factors of behavior, but can also
show a correlation between clothing and behavior. All the participants were from equal
backgrounds yet assumed different personalities based on the way they were dressed. This can
also be applied in the classroom and in schools. If teachers dress a certain way they may assume
a certain attitude that is reflected in their dress, or when students dress up for a presentation or
any academically involved task at school. This research can prove their behavior is affected by
what is perceive as professional dress. Because there was a preconceived idea that khakis
correspond to military attitude, thus a militant attitude was shown, the same can be said about a
blazer corresponding to a more professional attitude.
History.com Staff. (2010). The kennedy-nixon debates [Video file]. Retrieved from
http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/kennedy-nixon-debates
Summary:
This video explains the famous Kennedy Nixon debate which was the first televised presidential
debate in history. The fact that the debate was televised had major impacts on the voting. Those
who watched the debate said that Kennedy won and those who listened to the debate on radio
said that Nixon one. This is because during the debate nixon was very disheveled, he was very
six the day before and refused makeup, he was sweating and had unshaven. Nixon also never
looked into the camera and his posture was poor. Kennedy on the other hand looked professional
and composed to the viewers. Kennedy was clean and understood to keep eye contact directly
into the camera. This showed the importance image had for voters, and a public perception of a
more qualified presented based on appearance.
Application to research:
This historical event shows that appearance can be very influential in perception. Regardless of
the authenticity of the information, one side held more weight because it was delivered with
more confidence. Kennedy's physical appearance made him seem like a better fit for president. If
this is true then the appearance of teachers that show more confidence and look more put
together will be perceived as more qualified for the job by their colleagues and their students.
Ingraham, Christopher. "I wore shorts to the office and nothing will ever be the
same."Washington Post 5 Aug. 2015. Science In Context. Web. 23 Sept. 2015
Summary:
This article discusses the Gender difference in expectations of business attire and how
unpractical these expectations are considering the conditions people work in. In the winter
women are forced to wear dresses while in the summer men must wear long sleeve blazers and
long dress pants. The Author decided to do a experiment at his work where he wore shorts to the
office and noted peoples reaction. Some were expecting but others werent. For men, Business
casual is a very vague term and often isn't very casual at all. The author, from his research found
that often coworkers do not notice if a man wears shorts, or anything other than the uniform to

the office, however you still have to look put together. Although looking professional is
important, Being comfortable is also necessary to get the job done.
Application to Research:
I can use this article to compare different points of view on norms for Business attire and the
differences for Business casual. I can also compare these views to how attire affects work ethic
in the individual as well as respect from coworkers. This article is most importantly recent
because society's views on Professional clothing is constantly changing. I can use the
information from here as a background of what society now sees as professional attire and apply
it to my research for how attire affects teachers respect in the classroom, for themselves, and by
coworkers. This way, I can also see differences in norms for clothing in various fields. I can use
this article as an example of pushing the boundaries in business attire and where to draw the line.
Maclin, W. R. (n.d.). School uniforms may fuel rivalries, psychologists say. The Baltimore Sun.
Retrieved from http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2000-06-07/news/0006070287_1_
wearing-a-uniform-psychologists-school-uniforms
Summary:
This article discusses the pro and cons of school uniforms. This is prompted by a change in
policy of school uniforms in philadelphia. Students are required to wear uniforms but lawmakers
have put in place leeway for students to be more creative with their uniforms by coming up with
their own designs and colors. Psychologists have noted that uniforms have no long term
psychological damage to personal identity in fact it allows the kids to find creative ways of
expressing themselves with accessories etc. Some say the uniforms allow for mean spirited
school rivalries because it designates each student by uniform, labels them, then allows to
identify each other easier. This argument was supported by the study that showed a correlation in
the color sports teams wore and their aggressiveness. n the other hand this could also create
positive school spirit.
Application to research:
This article provides different viewpoints on the behavioral effects of uniforms and also sites
other research to prove these effects. This article can also serve as an example to understand how
uniforms are viewed in the united states. We can see here the long term effects of uniform as well
as the short term. this article does not make clear if uniforms are extremely beneficial over street
clothes in school but does provide further resources.
Marks, G. (2015, September 6). The fallout from casual fridays. CBS News. Retrieved from
http://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-fallout-from-casual-fridays/
Summary:
This article discusses how business casual standards have changed over the years. This has
occurred when people started to work longer hours and needed a more comfortable wardrobe.
Also the ability these days to work from home makes business attire completely
unnecessary.suites and ties are in the minority now as 12% of men meet this standard and
only 6% of women wear formal clothing. This article suggested that leaders are showing their
authority through what they do now, not through what they wear. For example steve jobs and
mike zuckerberg. Casual wear has it's roots in Hawaii where as early as the 1960's when

workers were allowed to dress down on what they called aloha Fridays. by the 90's casual
Fridays were spread all over the country.
Application to Research:
I can use this article as background or history of casual Fridays and the progression to acceptance
of casual dress everyday in the United States. This explains exactly how casual dress has become
the norm in today's society. With this history of workplace fashion I can draw conclusions to how
workplace fashion may differ from now and into the future. This article is great relevant proof of
what people are accepting of in changing fashion trends in the workplace. I can use this to argue
how these changes have affected work ethic in general across the nation. This article also gives
me many references to other scholarly research that can help explain the psychological effects of
an overall more casual workplace.
Moore, L. (2014). Quality #13: Proper attire [The 5 Levels and 29 Qualities of the HighTrust
Classroom]. In The high trust classroom (pp. 88-90). Routledge 2014.
Summary:
This Book explains how to have the most efficient classroom environment. one chapter in
particular discusses the qualities it takes to achieve this high trust classroom. Quality # 13 is
proper attire. Attire is very important to focus in the classroom. clothing can distract or support
student learning and achievement. Dressing professionally can also give a teacher credibility, and
authority. Teachers should keep in mind that their professional wardrobe is to empower their
students and show they care about there job, not to impress their colleges or students. This can
affects the students respect for the teacher since teachers are role models, students will learn
from the way a teacher dresses as well as have a greater respect for the profession as a whole.
teachers who rate themselves high in this category are very aware of the norms and also aware of
the effects and connection this type of dress has with students. Teachers who rate themselves low
in this category tend to give little thought to how they are dressing this can be overdressed or
underdressed. Each can have a negative impact on the classroom.
Application to research:
This book is a very good outline of what is appropriate for teachers of all levels to wear in the
classroom. This chapter gives a good example of how overdressing and underdressing can both
negatively impact the classroom. It also brings up the point that dressing to impress is not the
same as dressing for success. This doesn't stress the importance of dressing up but the
importance of dressing appropriately and awareness. I can use this as evidence to support my
hypothesis that attire can negatively and positively impact classroom behavior and atmosphere.
Office of Educational Research and Improvement, School Dress Code and Uniform Policy, 200
(Or. 2002). Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED471528.pdf
Summary:
This Policy Report outlines traditional pros and cons of uniforms and dress codes. This study
outlines myths, provides most recent research to outline exactly the effects of uniforms, and also
discusses how to enforce dress codes.The report also discusses the history and development of
dress codes in the united state. The first uniforms to be issued in public schools was in baltimore
maryland in 1987. Some say the pros of dress codes and uniforms, united students, decrease

violence, improve academic outcomes, and improves relationships with the parents. those
opposed say that dress codes and uniforms are withholding their first amendment rights, and
claim there is no evidence of increased academic outcomes. In fact research shows that uniforms
and dress codes did not decrease violence, no substance use and behavioral influence. Research
did show an improvement in academic performance. In conclusion, it is difficult to research and
contribute clothing to decreased violence and increased academic success, however no long term
study has been conducted to assess the long term effects. The school system mostly relays on its
principles to enforce a reasonable and justifiable dress code.
Application to research:
This report can lead me to other reports issued by other states and other years from ERIC and the
Office of Educational Research and Improvement. This report provides me with a thorough
collection of research on the topic of student attire, as well as how the state decided to interpret
the results, and how to use this research to benefit the classroom environment. I can use this
document to discuss the background and early implication of uniforms and dress codes. This
document leads me to a variety of other resources as well such as court cases, research, and
government policies, and law enforcement.
Paton, G. (2014, February 11). Ofsted launches new clampdown on scruffy teachers. The
Telegraph. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationnews/
10630792 /Ofsted-launches-new-clampdown-on-scruffy-teachers.html
Summary:
This article is a report on new policies of Ofsted (Office for Standards in Education) In the
united Kingdom. They are pushing for more training in how to use clothing to gain more control
in the classroom. They initiated these new rules in fear that they are setting a bad example for
their students. This organization feels if teachers are required to wear a more professional attire,
students will behave better and pay more respect, following complaints from schools and
universities. This new training will also help new teachers be more prepared for the classroom.
The ofsted is making major reforms on training to include reference to the standard of
professional dress and conduct adopted by trainees. The chief inspector of this program, Sir
Michaels, has noticed a lack in guidance for the standards of teacher dress, and how to control
the classroom while still catering to the less fortunate kids. Although some United Kingdom
schools already have rules in place regarding teacher dress, These guidelines create a more
national standard for attire include: no denim, above the knee skirts and dresses, no extreme
make up or hairstyles, a limited or respectable amount of skin showing, and professional closed
toed shoes. Overall ofsted believes in order to maximize control of the classroom, teachers must
be trained in professional dress.
Application to research:
Ounce this program is implemented it can provide a lot of informations regarding the effects of
teacher dress on classroom management. Also, since this article takes place in britain were the
education system may have many differences to american culture. I can use this to compare
standards of dress in classrooms in the united states and how these differences affects the success
of classroom management in each environment. This article also provides good guidelines for
what a teacher should wear to gain the most respect. Ofsted also proposes how to implement the
new standards by training new teachers and having more inspections throughout the year.

Peterson, J. S. (2011, April 26). Myth 17: Gifted and talented individuals do not have unique
social and emotional needs. Gifted Child Quarterly, 53,280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/
0016986209346946
Summery:
This article discredits the myth that gifted students are perfectly capable in their talent as well as
socially and emotionally. This source explains, what common social and emotional difficulties
are associated with gifted students, and why they occur in these students. Although there is little
difference in percent of emotional and social able between regular students and gifted students,
the Gifted students struggles in this area may derive from environmental factors that come with
the title, gifted. In general these students have higher expectations from their teachers parents
and coaches. If the student feel they cannot meet these standards they may feel ashamed to show
their weaknesses and turn to self harm. Many mental illnesses that involve low self esteem, high
stress levels, isolation, and poor coping, can often be linked to gifted students. This article also
explains how these students are receiving little help from parents, counselors, etc. due in part
because of the students hesitation to report their struggles and also the positive stereotyping
adopted by teachers, counselors, etc. The gifted students social and emotional struggles are not
unique to the general population however are very much underdiagnosed due to bias thought.
Application to Research:
This article is very good background knowledge when working with Gifted and Talented
students. This article can provide background for studying behavior in the classroom, including
management or interactions between students. I can also use this article to develop an idea of
common stereotypes related to gifted vs. regular students. Question: What ideas about the gifted
and talented group, from an outside point of view can be found in this article and in further
reading.
Rappaport, D. (2012). Be the Judge, Be the Jury: Tinker vs. des moines (Illustrated ed.).
Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=JifxAgAAQBAJ&dq
=tinker+vs+des+moines&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s
Summary:
This book summarizes the famous tinker vs. Des Moines case in which students protested the
vietnam war by wearing black armbands to school. On dec 17th many members of the school
wore black bands on their arms to show their anti war protest after the school board had denied
their permission on the previous thursday. The case went to the supreme court because the
students felt their first amendment rights were violated. One of the main counter arguments and
issues in this case was providing proof that the armbands created a disruption to the learning
environment. This book talks about the trial and provides interviews from Tinker and other
witnesses from the case to describe their points of view on the issue. one comment from the case
included on December 17th John(tinker) wore a tie white shirt and jacket to school. He didn't
usually dress this formally for school but he didn't want to be badly criticized for being badly
dressed that day. The war was a serious matter for him and he wanted to be taken seriously.
Application to research:

This Case shows the behavioral effects of symbolic clothing described by enclothed cognition.
The case challenged student attire rights because they questioned if student attire affected the
educational environment and contributed to distracted behavior of the students. I can use this
case to describe effects of student behavior from symbolic attire. Although this case focuses on
the first amendment right of free speech it also highlights behavioral effects of clothing in the
school system and shows how situations like these have been managed in the past. The court had
to prove the armbands were a disruption in the class but could not, in fact Tinker dressed more
professional the day he wore his armed band to show respect, because it was a Serious matter.
This also shows how conformity can create a group attitude based on a simple piece of clothing.
The emotional effects of a symbolic piece of clothing is also represented in this book.
Roach, D. K. (1989). Analysis and results. Effects of Graduate Teaching Assistant Attire on
Student Leaming, Misbehaviors, and Ratings of Instruction, 135-139.
Summary:
The results of this Academic Journal show how attire affects perception of the teachers abilities.
Though affect is fostered by more variables than mere attire alone, general attire research
reflects a positive bias toward individuals who are dressed nicely. A larger gap between teacher
attire and student attire can create too much distance between the instructor and the learner
making the teacher unapproachable. study results indicate that more professional levels of TA
dress are associated with higher student affective and cognitive learning. because the teaching
assistant has fostered more power. Professional attire can also allow non verbal communication
from teacher to student. The study shows that students expect the teacher to be more of an
instructor then a friend and the teaching assistant will receive higher overall ratings if their attire
was more professional. Also the course got higher ratings by the teacher that dressed the part.
This study also acknowledges that attire was not the only variable in these finding but behavior
and attitudes could contribute to a higher ratings. Also the different perception of what
professional attire in the classroom means to each area and culture. However, there is a definite
trend in professional attire promoting favorable impressions.
Application to Research:
Provides a proven accurate, and reasonable line to show the difference of appropriate and
overdressed. This study also proves the positive correlation described in my hypothesis that
professional attire does create a perception of higher qualification. I can use this evidence to also
suggest a professional attire creates more professional behavior and attitudes of new teachers.
Robinson, K. (2006, June). Do schools kill creativity? [Video file]. Retrieved from
http://www.ted.com/playlists/24/re_imagining_school
Summary:
This Video discusses how schools need to treat creativity like literacy in schools because it is
that important to the student's education. The idea is that teachers are preparing students for the
future that is so unpredictable that students need to learn how to adapt and think for themselves
rather than memorize facts. the speaker says if you are not prepared to be wrong you will never
come up with anything original not because creativity is being wrong but being right is not
creative. Students are frightened of being wrong and are trained to only participate if they are
right. this way only right ideas are being shared but not new ideas. Studies show math and

language are more valued in the public school system than humanities and art because the system
focuses on getting students into a higher education. This is true when teachers should be teaching
students life skills to do something new with the future and allow kids to cater to their own
unique talents without shame instead of putting one talent above the other as they are all crucial
to the future, Nothing you learn is actually valued and degrees are worth very little, due to
academic inflation. Robinson suggest we should rethink intelligence, and rethink principles of
education to teach student how to use their imagination wisely.
Application to Research:
This video can be very useful for my research because it provides many examples of a variety of
ideas surrounding education that i can research further. This video is also inspiring to do
something different and creative in your own personal way. It focuses on and individualized
approach to education and also can provide an idea of how education will look in the future. This
speaker has many very comprehensive quotes i could use to help explain and idea more
thoroughly. A different perspective on individualized learning is also present in this article which
can be useful to argue different viewpoints of a topic.
Scott, J. (2015, September 5). School uniforms: A history of 'rebellion and conformity'.
Retrieved December 7, 2015, from BBC News Online website: http://www.bbc.com/new
s/uk-england-29047752
Summary:
This article is a short history of uniforms in England. Christ's Hospital, in Horsham, West
Sussex, founded in 1552 in London, is one of the earliest examples of implementation of school
uniforms in England. This school was founded for orphan children and children of poor families
to have an education. This school still has the exact same uniforms today as they did in 1552 and
a survey showed that 95% of students reported they were proud to uphold the tradition. Many
other schools in England also wear their original uniforms such as Dame Allan's, a private school
in Newcastle-upon-Tyne founded in 1705. many of the schools that have long traditions of
uniforms are founded on charity. Children at charitable schools in the 19th Century often wore
uniforms provided by the parish" Concerns with school uniforms might include an association
and opportunity for rebellion, however author and historian Alexander Davidson comments that
Uniforms give schools a sense of identity and cohesion, and suggest schools are there to provide
certainty and order." Some modern English schools often ask for pupil input of school uniforms
from their students.
Application to research:
I can use this article to provide a history and background for one of the earliest reasons for
uniforms in schools. I can also use this article to compare reason for British ideas of school
uniforms today with an American history and view of uniforms. this article allows me to analyze
the origin of uniforms and effects of that on present day.
Spivack, E. (2012, October 15). Dress codes and etiquette, part 1: What not to wear to high
school in the 1960s. Retrieved December 9, 2015, from Smithsonian website:
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/dress-codes-and-etiquette-part-1-what-notto-wear-to-high-school-in-the-1960s-74464285/?no-ist

Summary:
This article is a collection of images that show some of the early implications of uniforms in the
United States during the 1960s. The documents show how uniforms and dress codes had much
less regulations on them then present day. The uniforms and dress codes have very little purpose
or reason behind them. The author suggest these strict rules reflected the cultural trends on the
cusp of 60s counterculture revolution Many of the dress codes failed to establish a reason to
the request. Also statements were very specific yet provided no consequences to the degree of
violation. In Pius X High School, boys dress code in 1962 was the only dress code in this
collection of documents that provided rational The clothing and grooming of the student should
reflect his serious attitude toward school and his own person. Two extremes are to be avoided.
What the school seeks to promote in a student is a clean, neat, well-groomed, manly
appearance.
Application to research:
I can use this article to compare United states historical standards to present day as well as in
other countries. With this document I can consider a reason for the dress codes debates today.
Also, this provides insight to context and applications of dress codes at certain times in history.
Tempera, J. (2013, May 29). Sweatpants, skirts, suits: Does what you wear to class make a
difference? USA Today. Retrieved from http://college.usatoday.com/2013/05/29/
sweatpants- skirts-suits-does-what-you-wear-to-class-make-a-difference/
Summary:
This article discusses the benefits of dressing up to class for college students. Lynn Blake, a
fashion design professor at Lasell College in Newton, Mass., agrees with that if someone looks
good, they are more likely to speak in class and raise their hand. You are not going to perform as
well if makeup from last night is running down your face and youre in sweats. However, Blake
admits her opinion may be influenced by the norms she grew up in when you had to dress up for
school, church, etc. and it was not an option. Other professors say that students should wear
whatever makes them comfortable in class but is not distracting. However Virginia Noon, a
fashion merchandising professor at FSU, said she encourages students to dress professionally
when giving a presentation. This article attributes these assumed behaviors to enclothed
cognition, studied by Northwestern University scientists in 2012
Some schools embrace this idea and implement dress codes such as Bethune-Cookman
University in Daytona Beach. Aubrey Long, the dean of the business school at BCU requires her
students wear professional attire every Tuesday and Wednesday. Long is an advocate for dress
for success and see a strong correlation of behavior and professional dress in her students.
Application to research:
This article provides real life examples of the dress for success program and provides different
points of view of the effects of the program. This article focuses on college but can be applied to
middle and high school as well. Most importantly this article attributes the changes in behavior
to psychological research while providing evidence from schools that practice dressing for
success. One important thing to recognize when comparing this school's program to other
schools, is that the professional attire is worn on moderation.
Us Department of Education Educational Resource Information Center. (1992, June). The effect

of teacher dress on student perceptions (Publication No. 143) (P. A. Phillips & L. R.
Smith, Authors). Augusta, GA. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED
347151.pdf
Summary:
This Technical/Research Report studies perception of different teacher characteristic based on
attire in grades 4, 7, and 9. This was tested by showing each student three photographs of a
female model attired in conservative, moderate, and casual attire. The student rated the teacher
on a scale regarding eight teacher traits, friendliness, organization, fairness, interesting,
understanding, knowledge, discipline, and well-informed. Fourth graders gave higher ratings to
casual attire. For seventh graders moderate or casual attire rated higher. Ninth graders rated
conservative higher than both casual and moderate attire. It appears that a causal mode of dress
conveys teacher friendliness, fairness, and the ability to arouse student interest. However this
teacher is also considered less confident and unable to manage their classroom. The moderately
dressed model had the most diverse set of characteristics associated with them including high
ratings for friendliness and interestingness, as well as for organization, understanding, and
disciplinary skills. conservative dress conveyed perceptions of teacher organization and
disciplinary skills This group scored very low in other categories such as friendliness and was
also the lowest scoring group all together.
Application to research:
I can use this to add more evidence, background, and proof of the effects of professional attire on
perception of that teacher. As well as perception, this research provides evidences that a
moderate wardrobe gives a perception of the most positive qualities. I am also using this research
as an example in my presentation to show the different perceptions of teachers based on the
degree of their attire. I am simulating shorten version of the experiment in my powerpoint. This
also provides more evidence for how attire directly affects the classroom.
Van Stockum, C. A., Jr, & DeCaro, M. S. (2014). Enclothed cognition and controlled attention
during insight problem-solving. Journal of Problem Solving, 7. Abstract retrieved from
http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1164&context=jps
Summary:
This Journal demonstrates the relationship between clothing and behavior. In this particular
study a class of 96 undergraduate psychology students each told to either wear a lab coat or wear
street clothes while performing small mental tasks like recalling a set of letters backwards. The
study showed those wearing the coat performed better on problem solving tasks then the group
wearing street cloths. As a follow up they had another group wear the same lab coat but informed
them it was a painters coat. In this case the group that was told the coats was a artist coat did
significantly worse on problem solving cognition tests as the group wearing the same coat but
with the total lab coat. This phenomenon is called enclothed cognition. The theory of
enclothed cognition suggests that physically wearing clothing associated with certain symbolic
meaning leads the wearer to behave in accordance with that symbolic meaning
Application to research:
This research proves a psychological, and behavioral effects of clothing. Tis study can show
increased cognitive response when wearing symbolic cloths. This can be applied to teachers in

the classroom by what both the students and the teachers wear. Students and teachers who dress
to their stereotypes will fulfill the roles of that items they are wearing. For example wearing a
blazer can create a more professional behavior, or wearing spirit wear can create a behavior
associated to pride for the school. This journal also provides the academic term Enclothed
cognition to explain and define the phenomenon of behavioral effects of clothing.
VOA News. (2012, December 10). Students dress for success in school and life
[Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BW2h0lfLbEc
Summary:
This video is a news story with Mayfield Intermediate School in Manassas, Virginia. This
school practices the Dress for Success Program in which every monday students have the option
to dress up for school that day. One student remarked it makes her feel confident and she joined
the program because she thought it would help her improve her grades. Another student says says
he does better and makes it him feel more mature. This allows students to look like their role
models, such as their principle. The teachers say this program creates a climate that students feel
more motivated. The kids that dress for success behave better because of a better attitude. They
can take themselves more seriously. There are posters throughout the hallways to encourage kids
to take part in this voluntary program. The program includes kids from many economic
backgrounds. If they are wearing something more polished that they generally would not are
considered dress for success. This helps students prepare for college and interviews in their
future because they are aware of the effects appearance has.
Application to research:
This report is a real life example of a successful program that has changed the behavior and
atmosphere of the classroom. This video provides insight to how a program would be run in real
time and the effects of the change in dress, rather than lab research. This provides an example
and proof of significant change in the atmosphere due to attire.
Weeks, W. (2015, October 14). [Personal interview by the author].
Summary:
This Interview was conducted with William Weeks, a 7th grade social studies on teachers
perception of their realistic professional attire and how these standards have affected classroom
management and the educational environment. Weeks shared his own experience with classroom
management during spirit week. Instead of preparing a very content based lesson Week's allows
his students to get their energy out by planning an activity or game that ties into the curriculum.
He remarks because they all look the same during spirit week and they all act the same wich is
crazy so having them in the classroom is not good for them. Weeks also informed me of how
students, even into college, are unaware of the importance of professional attire. He noticed this
when conducting mock interviews as a supervisor in college. The preparations Weeks received in
regards to expectations of professional dress in first year teachers was a powerpoint presentation
and continuous evaluation. Weeks informed me that he was scared to wear jeans in his first year
of teaching when he said I was worried about what that image would give me. However,
weeks also stated that he can feel more confident in a relaxed attire while his co workers have
shared with him that they feel more confident in professional attire. When asked about the norms

in teacher attire weeks commented I think a three piece suite with a tie and a sports coat is way
too much and it scares kids away as well as the fact that when teachers underdress, they lose
control of the classroom more easily.
Application to Research:
This interview can provide valuable information and insight on true teacher perspective of what
they expect from themselves as individuals regarding their attire. This can also provide more
accurate norms for the factors in my study considering middle schools in Howard County. This
interview also provided me with numerous examples of behavior changes as a result of attire of
students and teachers.
Weller, Chris. "America Hates Its Gifted Kids." Newsweek 17 Jan. 2014: 1. Science In
Context.Web. 9 Sept. 2015
Summery:
This article discusses the teachers difficulty level of implication of the curriculum when dealing
with a mixed group of students, achievement wise. This article stresses the idea that gifted and
regular students should be taught in separate classroom to have a tailored learning experience
to their specific capabilities. The idea of competitiveness is highly encouraged among the
students between the gifted and regular, but also within each level. The article suggests these
tactics to present the curriculum because of the proposal that the Gifted students are being
cheated out of their potential because they get less attention from teachers. The worst kids are
focused on most to meet a standard while the gifted student are simply bored and unmotivated.
This article urges for progress through the government to reform education to cater each
childrens needs more specifically. The author suggest to reeducate teachers to take a special
measures toward each students learning style.
Application to Research:
This article can be very helpful in providing a perspective on the role of gifted and talented
students and how they should be educated. I can use this article to compare with other opinions
of how gifted students should be taught and how teachers should be applying their curriculum. I
can also compare this article to other sources to prove if Gt students should be payed more close
attention to. This article would also be good to provide background knowledge on the status of
the gifted vs regular students from society's view. Question: can I use this article to RR#1 to
determine different thoughts on how to teach gifted students?
Wenzel, Laurel, LF (Survey, October 14, 2015)
Summary:
This survey tested a class of twenty 7th grade students at Patapsco Middle School on their
understanding of a professional wardrobe when they perceive someone else's success or when
they evaluate their own success and confidence. The survey gave two pictures of a model in
business attire as person A and a model in business casual attire as person B. The same questions
were given with female models. The student responses were very divided for this response. The
males were less likely to identify one figure as more successful than the other however females
responded more positively to the the professional attire. Twelve out of twenty students responded
positively when asked if they agreed with the statement Success can be determined by the

clothes you wear. Some comments on this topic included the idea that clothes should not define
how successful you are, they should show your self expression. However, the students also
recognized that this is the ideal and often people can judge success based on how put together the
person is and how expensive their clothes appear. In contrary when students were asked if they
feel more confident in professional clothing, 70% of students agreed or strongly agreed. Of the
six students that responded negatively, five of them were male. This show that even at a young
age, students recognize the emotional effects of clothing when they are evaluating themselves
but when asked to evaluate the success of someone based on clothing, the 7th grade students
were split in interpretation.
Application to Research:
This survey can judge how students perceive their adult peers, perhaps teachers. The survey also
recognizes how 12-13 year old's view themselves in professional attire. I can use this to define
the common perception from the middle school student perspective. This survey also serves as a
baseline for what students know about professional attire at a young age. This survey ultimately
provides proof that attire is a key indicator of success.
Williams, David. First Impressions Count: The Business Value Of Dressing For Success
Forbes 9 August 2013. Web. 23 Sept. 2015 http://www.forbes.com/sites/davidkwilli
ams/2013/0 8/09/first-impressions-count-the-business-value-of-dressing-for-success/
Summary:
This article discusses how business attire can affect how you perform on your job and also how
you are treated. As causal dress is increasing more acceptable in american society, business attire
had become a choice, and a very important one. Although you may feel comfortable in a more
casual look it can affect your work ethic. THose who dress professionally have proven to have
higher salaries, but more important more self respect. No matter your profession, if you dress
professionally you will be treated with more respect everywhere you go. To gain respect one
must not just dress the part but keep the whole image, meaning staying clean and put together.
This is more important than wearing the typical suite. To make the most of your closet, one
should keep their pieces clean as well as express your own style. This way you can stand out
against your coworkers while still looking like you have everything under control.
Application to Research:
This article is great resource for what modern business attire should be versus what it really is in
society and how society reacts to these changes. I can use this as background for norms of
business attire, even how the norms are changing. I can use this article when dressing for my
own internship but also this brings to light what those are wearing around me. I can start to
observe the effects of how we dress in the professional world for myself. This article gives good
examples of internal effects as well as external effects of business attire. I can apply this
background knowledge to the classroom as well.
Zakaria, F. (2015, March 26). Why americas obsession with STEM education is dangerous.
Washington Post. Retrieved from http://tiny.cc/m97g3x
Summery:

This article discusses how a liberal arts education is underappreciated or overshadowed,

seemingly useless, by stem programs because there is a higher demand in jobs for stem related
work, however push can be dangerous because the future becomes very narrow. This article
argues that if america uses a more broad education and tie together each subject then students are
able to be more creative, free thinkers. The article compares the united states in each topic to
other countries in order to bring some light to inconsistencies in international testing results and
achievement. This article also suggest that even though the united states lacks testing skills,
creativity and and critical thinking is a large advantage for americans. the article provides many
examples of how american entrepreneurs such as Jobs and Zuckerberg have succeeded largely
because of liberal arts as a basis for their ideas and these STEM as a way to implement their
ideas. However with a stronger and stronger push for STEM programs, the critical thinking is
lost in the overlooked liberal arts studies. Overall the article suggests not to decrease attention on
STEM but to equally represents all areas of education and tie all subjects together because this
allows for more critical thinkers for the future.
Application to Research:
This article provides good background on the current state of education in the United States and
gives a International perspective on education methods. This article also provides many quotes
and examples of international education patterns and also effects of education from successful
individuals. This article focuses on liberal arts which can be born usefull to narrow down my
research topic as well as provide background information on a liberal arts topic. I can also
compare this article with other viewpoints on the value of an individualized education.