Spanish Midterm Review

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTIONS AND BASIC CONVERSATION

Greetings and Basic Conversation
Vocabulary
o Cmo te llamas? (What is your name?)
o Me llamo (My name is)
o Hola (Hello)
o Buenos das. (Good day/morning)
o Buenas tardes (Good afternoon)
o Buenas noches (Good evening)
o Cmo ests? (How are you?)
o Qu tal? (Whats up?)
o Qu pasa? (Whats happening?)
o Bien (good)
o Mal (bad)
o Muy bien (Very good)
o Muy mal (Very bad)
o Ms o menos (Ok)
o As as (so-so, ok)
o Regular (normal, ok)
o Ados (Bye)
o Hasta luego (See you later)
o Chao (Bye)
o Y t? (And you?)
o Gracias (Thanks)
o De nada (Youre welcome)
o Mucho gusto (Nice to meet you)
o Por favor (Please)
o Encantado/a (A pleasure to meet you)
o Igualmente (Equally [nice to meet you])
Classroom Commands
o Vocabulary
o Repite/repitan (Repeat)
o Levanta/levanten la mano
o Saca/saquen (Take out)
o Levntate/levntense (Stand up)
o Sintate/sintense (Sit down)
o Silencio, por favor (Silence, please)
o Habla/hablen en espaol/ingles (Speak in Spanish/English)
o Escribe/Escriban (Write)
o Lee/lean (Read)

o Escucha/escuchen (Listen)
o Dime/pregntame en espaol/ingles (Tell/ask me in Spanish/English)
o Mira/miren (Look)
o Puedo ir al bao? (Can I go to the bathroom?)
o Cmo se dice ___? (How do you say ___?)
o Qu significa___? (What does ______ mean?)
o Tienen preguntas? (Do you have questions?)
o Grammar
o Commands can be directed to one person or more than one person (ex.
The entire class). In the vocabulary above, the first word before the slash
is a command to one person. The word after the slash is a command to
more than one person.
The Spanish Speaking World
Spanish is the second most widely spoken language in the world. Spanish speakers are
distributed across many countries in various continents and regions. The following list
includes each Spanish-speaking country within the region it is located:
The Iberian Peninsula
o Spain
North America
o Mexico
o United States (The US has no official language. Spanish is widely spoken)
Central America
o Guatemala
o Honduras
o El Salvador
o Nicaragua
o Costa Rica
o Panama
The Caribbean
o Cuba
o Dominican Republic
o Puerto Rico (Technically a United States territory)
South America
o Colombia
o Venezuela
o Ecuador
o Peru
o Bolivia
o Chile
o Argentina
o Paraguay
o Uruguay
Important Grammatical Notes

o The Spanish alphabet (el alfabeto; el abecedario) varies from the English
alphabet. Each letter has a unique sound. There are 27-30 (depending on who you
talk to) letters in the Spanish alphabet. Some unique letters (and their
pronunciation) include:
o (ny)
o Ch (ch)
o Ll (y)
o Rr (rolled sound)
o A cognate (cognado) is a word that has a similar spelling, sound, and meaning in
both English and Spanish. Examples:
o Clase (class)
o Persona (person)
o Matemticas (Mathematics)
o Guitarra (guitar)
o Estudiante (student)
o Fantstico (fantastic)
o Excelente (Excellent)
o Septiembre (September)
o A false cognate is a word that may be spelled and sound similar in both English
and Spanish, but in reality has a different meaning. Examples:
o Embarazada (pregnant)
o xito (success)
o Carpeta (folder)
o Idioma (language)

UNIT 2: NUMBERS AND PRACTICAL USES (DATES, TIME,

WEATHER)
Numbers

Calendars, Days, and Dates

The days of the week are as follows:
lunes (Monday)
martes (Tuesday)
mircoles (Wednesday)
jueves (Thursday)
viernes (Friday)
sbado (Saturday)
domingo (Sunday)
The following vocabulary words describe the months:
enero (January)
febrero (February)
marzo (March)
abril (April)
mayo (May)
junio (June)
julio (July)
agosto (August)
septiembre (September)
octubre (October)
noviembre (November)
diciembre (December)
Finally, the following vocabulary is necessary to commonly refer to various days:
hoy (today)
ayer (yesterday)
maana (tomorrow)
To say the date for yesterday, today, or tomorrow, the following formula can be used:
Hoy es [day], el [date] de [month].
Ayer fue [day], el [date] de [month].
Maana es [day], el [date] de [month]
Seasons and Weather
A. It is first important to know how to ask about the weather. The phrase,Qu
tiempo hace? asks, What is the weather like?
B. Next, the knowledge of how to describe the weather will be pronounced out
loud and defined. These phrases include:
1. Hace calor Its hot.
2. Hace fro Its cold.
3. Est nublado Its cloudy.
4. Est lloviendo Its raining.

5. Est nevando Its snowing.

6. Hace viento- Its windy.
6. Hace sol- Its sunny.
C. Now, each season will be introduced to correlate with the weather. The seasons
are as followed:
1. La primavera- Spring
2. El verano- Summer
3. El otoo- Fall
4. El invierno- Winter
D. Lastly, combine this information to ask what the weather is like in a certain
season and respond with an accurate answer.
1. Qu tiempo hace en el invierno? Hace fro.
Telling Time
A. First, it is important that we know how to tell time therefore we will begin our
lesson by stating the time in English.
B. Next, we will transition to reading the time in Spanish by understanding the
following formula:
a. Es la. This will only be used if the clock reads 1.
b. Son las-This is used for the rest of the hours of the day
(2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12.)
c. *It is important to note that the feminine la is used because it is referring
to la hora.
C. Next, the hour comes is added to the phrase.
a. Es la una.
b. Son las diez.
D. Then, y comes next to add the minutes.
a. Es la una y diez.
b. Son las diez y media.
E. Media and cuartos can also be used instead of treinta minutos and quince
minutos.
F. To ask the time you would say:
a. Que hora es?

UNIT 3: IDENTIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION

Subject Pronouns, adjectives, and the verb ser
The words "I" "you" "he" "she" "we" "you-all" and "they" are called subject pronouns.
Spanish has corresponding subject pronouns. Here's a list of the English subject pronouns
and their Spanish equivalents:
I: yo
you: t
you (formal): usted
he: l
she: ella
they (masc.): ellos
they (fem.): ellas
you all: ustedes
we (masc.): nosotros
we (fem.): nosotras
The verb ser (to be) is an important word to make identifications and descriptions in
Spanish. Its conjugated meanings are as follows:
Yo soy (I am)
T eres (You are)
El/Ella/Usted es (He/she/you (formal) is/are)
Nosotros somos (We are)
Vosotros sois (Yall are)
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes son (They/Yall are)
Adjectives are frequently descriptive. That is, most often adjectives are used to describe a
noun, or distinguish the noun from a group of similar objects. For example, an adjective
might describe the color of an object.
In Spanish, most adjectives change form, depending upon whether the word
they modify is masculine or feminine. Notice the difference between "the tall
boy" and "the tall girl."
Adjectives also change form depending upon whether the word they modify is
singular or plural. Notice the difference between "the tall boy" and "the tall
boys" ; "the tall girl" and "the tall girls."
The correct form of the adjective depends upon the noun it modifies.

Adjectives that end in -e also change form for singular or plural. To form the
plural, simply add -s.
Adjectives that end in -e do not, however, change form for masculine or
feminine.
Similarly, most adjectives that end in a consonant do change form for singular
or plural, but do not change for masculine or feminine. To form the plural,
add -es.

Nationality
1. What:
1. Individuals that come from different Spanish-speaking countries have different
nationalities.
2. Nationality is the relationship between an individual and their state of origin
and culture.
3. The present form of Ser will be used to complete a sentence about ones
nationality, depending on the person. This includes identifying male and female
words.
2. How:
1. Individuals identify their nationalities in different ways and it is ultimately a
personal choice.
3. Construct a sentence using this format: SER + de + NATIONALITY.
4. The present form of Ser + the speaker=
A. Yo-soy
B. T- eres
C. l/ella/usted- es
D. Nosotros/as- somos
E. Ellos/ellas/ustedes- son
5. Examples of how to identify an individual from different Spanish-speaking
countries/regions.
6. Masculine words end in o and feminine words end in a. If the speaker is
talking about a male and female, then it automatically becomes masculine.
3. Why:
1. The distinctions between different nationalities are important because it is a
part of an individuals identity (Who I am).
2. Ones nationality also affects their culture, which includes what language they
speak, and national identity.
Colors
Negro (black)
Blanco (white)
Gris (grey)
Marron/Caf (brown)
Rojo (red)
Anaranjado (orange)

Amarillo (yellow)
Verde (green)
Azul (blue)
Morado (purple)
Rosado (pink)

UNIT 4: SCHOOL LIFE

Classroom Objects
WHAT: It is important to know the Spanish words for objects in classroom setting.
Students will be introduced to the vocabulary for the following school-related nouns:

el lapiz

el boligrafo (pen)

el libro (book)

el cuaderno (notebook)

la hoja de papel (paper)

la goma de borrar (eraser)

las tijeras (scissors)

la grapadora (stapler)

el escritorio (desk)

la pizarra (board)
In order to state whether or not an item is in the class, students will be introduced to the
following uses of haber:

Hay (there is/are)

No hay (there is/are not)

Finally, you must know the proper article for each verb. Articles can be definite or
indefinite. Furthermore, they take the gender of the noun they are associated with. The
articles are as follows:

el (masculine; singular;definite)

la (feminine; singular; definite)

los (masculine; plural; definite)

las (feminine; plural; definite)

un (masculine; singular; indefinite)

una (feminine; singular; indefinite)

unos (masculine; plural; indefinte)

unas (feminine; plural; indefinte)

Classes and Schedules
Vocabulary for different classes will be covered They are as follows:

o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

La clase de Espaol (Spanish class)

La clase de Francs (French class)
La clase de tecnologa (Computer class)
La clase de educacin fsica (P.E. class)
La clase de historia (History class)
La clase de arte (Art class)
La clase de geografa (Geography class)
La clase de geometra (Geometry class)
La clase de fsica (Physics class)
Almuerzo (Lunch)

To ask how a class is, you must say, Cmo es la clase de [subject]?
To describe what a class is like, student must say, La clase de [subject] es [adjective]?
To ask about a teacher, student must say Cmo es [teachers name]?
To describe a teacher, student must say, [Teachers name] es [adjective].
Ordinal Numbers
The Spanish vocabulary for ordinal numbers are important to talk about daily school
schedules, dates, and grade levels. The necessary vocabulary for this lesson is as follows:
primero
segundo
tercero
cuarto
quinto
sexto
sptimo
octavo
noveno
decimo
undcimo
duodcimo
As with all other adjectives, Spanish ordinal numbers must agree in gender and number.
Primero and tercero drop the -o in the masculine singular adjective form.
el primer da
el tercer ao
Ordinal numbers usually precede the noun. However, if the noun they refer to is royalty, a
pope, or a street, they come after the noun.
Carlos Quinto

o ("Quinto" comes after "Carlos" - royalty)

el quinto libro
o ("quinto" comes before "libro")
la Calle Sexta
o ("sexta" comes after "calle" - street)
la sexta pluma
o ("sexta" comes before "pluma")

Ordinal numbers are not normally used after 10.

la Calle Diecisis--Sixteenth Street
el siglo diecinueveThe nineteenth century
Gustar-Likes and Dislikes
Gustar is a verb meaning to please. It is combined with indirect object pronouns to
express likes and dislikes. In Spanish, the subject is the thing that does the pleasing
(rather than the person). Therefore, you use gusta if it is a single thing or an infinitive
that you like. You use gustan if the thing that you like is a plural noun. The following
indirect object pronouns are used to reflect the person or people that like the subject:
Me (I)
Te (you, informal)
Le (he, she, it)
Nos (we)
Les (they, yall)
Examples:
Me gusta bailar.I like to dance.
Te gusta bailar y cantar.You like to sing and dance.
Nos gusta el pollo.----We like the chicken.
A ustedes les gustan los tacos.Yall like the tacos.
The following infinitives will be combined with gustar to express likes and dislikes:
Comer (to eat)
Bailar (to dance)
Cantar (to sing)
Leer (to read)
Jugar (to play)
o Los deportes (sports)
o Los videojuegos (video games)
Tocar (to play an instrument)
o El piano (piano)
o La batera (drums)

Escuchar (to listen)

o Msica (musica)
Hacer (to do)
o La tarea (homework)
Mirar (to watch, look)
o La television (television)
Ir (to go)
o Al cine (to the movies)
o Al restaurant (to the restaurant)
Nadar ( to swim)
Caminar (to walk)
Correr (To run)
Trabajar (to work)

UNIT 5: FAMILY

Family Member Vocabulary

WHAT: The following vocabulary refers to family members:
madre (mother)
padre (father)
hermano/a (brother/sister)
hijo/a (son/daughter)
abuelo/a (grandfather/grandfather)
tio/a (uncle/aunt)
primo/a (cousin)
esposo/a (husband/wife)
nieto/a (grandson/granddaughter)
padrastro/a (stepfather/stepmother)
hermanastro/a (stepbrother/stepsister)
mis padres (my parents)
mis hermanos (my brothers and sisters)
mis primos (my cousins)

The following vocabulary enables students to ask questions and talk about their relatives:
Quin (who)
de (of)
HOW: To ask about a relationship (with respect to the family tree), plug in the
appropriate vocabulary into the formula:
Quin es el/la [relationship word] de [name].
To respond, use:
[Name] es el/la [relationship word] de [name].

Describing Family Numbers

Age: To ask for and answer questions about age, the following phrases must be used with
the appropriately conjugated form of the verb tener:
Cuntos + aos + tener? (How old is/are)
Tener + number + aos
Likes/Dislikes: Students must use the appropriate gustar conjugation to describe likes
and dislikes of family members.
Characteristics: Appropriate conjugations of the verb ser can be used in phrases to
describe family members.