Well Integrity & Pressure Safety Management

Marketing & Sales

Shadi NEKAVAND WL InTouch

Oil & Gas Industry in the headlines

2
12/8/2013

Source : Shell Process Safety

What was the Major root causes of Macando ?

The Major Root Cause(s) of Macondo Incident:
of Barrier Installation
of Barrier Verification & Testing
of following a proper Well Control Procedure
to decide When to use the (Ultimate defense) - Reaction Time

Are we

in SLB to handle an event like this?

Well profiles are getting more complicated

Risk Factors

Deepwater Operation

Sensitive Environment

HTHP

H2S, CO2

Gas

Why do we need a step change?

Well blow outs happened in the past

Oman -2001

Lives can be lost

Environmental damage

Prosecution & fines

Reputation loss

Licence to operate impacted

Colombia - 2005

Algeria - 2006

Schlumberger Well Integrity Project

April 2010

Jun 2010

Feb 2011

Macando

WI committee

OFS WI St.

Jul 2011

Sep 2011

Segments WI St. Trainers Trainings

Jan 2012
Cert . Trainings

Jan 2013

Client WI
Client drafting WI
implementations
standard

Develop a clear, Schlumberger-wide well integrity standard

Engage internal & external expertise to identify requirements for all well barriers

Identify & implement improvements to Standards, SOPs

Develope component traceability

Improve maintenance processes

Provide competency requirements for our personnel

2014

Well Integrity Key Elements

People

Process

Equipment

Training

Job / Well Design

Design

Competency

SOPs

Procurement

Certification

Risk Analysis

Traceability

Q-Stop

Risk Management

Certification

Management of Change

Inspection & Maintenance

Repair & Recertification

Certifications & Competency Trainings - People

Agenda
Well
Integrity Certifications

WHE Certifications

Level 1 - SLB-QHSE-S022 - Permanent

Level 1 - Pressure Safety - Permanent

Level 2 - WL-HSE-Well Integrity 2 years

Level 2 - WL-HSE-Low Pressure 2 years

Level 2 - WL-HSE-WHE 10 K 2 years
Level 2 - WL-HSE-High Pressure 2 years
Level 2 - WL-HSE- WHE Management 2 years
Level 2 - WL-HSE-WHE Maintenance Permanent

Level 3 - WL-HSE-Well Integrity - Permanent

Level 3 - WL-HSE-Pressure - Permanent

**The list of WLH currently approved WHE & WI Trainers is maintained in InTouch Content ID 3266237**
8
12/8/2013

Industry Recognized Well Control Certifications

International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC)

Distance learning - Computer-based Online Training

Instructor-led class - Accredited Instructor & Training Center

Internal SLB KLC (Scott Carson)

External Accredited Training Providers

International Well Control Forum (IWFC )

Instructor-led class - Accredited Instructor & Training Center

IWCF Accredited Centers

Energy Resources Conservation Board (ERCB) Canada Only

Alberta Energy and Utilities Board (AEUB)

Distance learning - Computer-based Online Training

Instructor-led class

Well Integrity Key Elements

People

Process

Equipment

Training

Job / Well Design

Design

Competency

SOPs

Procurement

Certification

Risk Analysis

Traceability

Q-Stop

Risk Management

Certification

Management of Change

Inspection & Maintenance

Repair & Recertification

Well Integrity 2013 - Process

2012 Process Introduction
Revised Standards & POM

2013 Process Integration

Well Control Contingency Tools

WHE Standard Work Instructions

Deepwater WHE Process

Bridging Documents Major clients

WHE/WI Safety Stand Down

Planning & Engagement rollout

New Well Control Action Diagrams
Arctic WHE Process

2013 integrates well integrity into our SD process

WHE Standard Work Instruction development and release

Systematize client engagement

Bridging documents for major clients well barrier policies

Job risk and contingency planning

New well control action diagrams (hydrates, stranded armor)

Arctic WHE process release as POM appendix

Process & Job Planning well control contingencies

When Should you do agree &

discuss with the customer on
Contingency Planning ?

Who is responsible to operate the

barriers?

Are all secondary barriers able to cut

the cable?

Will the cable fall below the

secondary Barrier if parted by cable
cutter sub or at the surface?

Risk Management Well control contingencies

Used during planning phase to

develop actions and
responsibilities in the event of
barrier failure

Highlights the potential well

control risks associated with
Wireline operations

Failure of Primary
barrier (Grease Lost
Seal)

Continue
Operation

Risk Management Well control contingencies

Used during planning phase to

develop actions and
responsibilities in the event of
barrier failure

Highlights the potential well

control risks associated with
Wireline operations

Leak above WL Valve

and below grease
head

Cut cable and

Close Master
valve

Client
Decision

To be released stranded armor and

hydrate formation action diagrams

Operating Customer Wellheads Risk Analysis

1

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

-2

-4

-6

-8

-10

-3

-6

-9

-12

-15

-4

-8

-12

-16

-20

-5

-10

-15

-20

-25

Operating Customer Barriers

We interact with the customer wellhead under

varying levels of supervision and without
sufficient training on the equipment in use

Potential Risk:

In the event of a well control incident without

customer presence, SLB would face potential
liability and media scrutiny

-1
S
-2 E
V
E
-3
R
I
-4 T
Y
-5

~15 identified. 6 were outside of Green Zone

Area
Gmkt
Location
Client
LAM
MCA
MXSR
PEMEX-S
LAM
MCA
MXNR
PEMEX-N
MEA
EMG
AERM
ADCO-NEB
EAF
ANG
Malongo
Chevron
LAM
MCA
MXER
PEMEX-E
4

Risk
Potential
-16
-15
-12
-8
-8

3
4
LIKELIHOOD

Risk Factors
Client presence
Fluid type
Historical activity
Valve type

Wellhead pressure
Location type
Corrosive environment
Hydrate potential

Multi-Segment Operations

Internal Risk Assessment

Well Intervention

IPM

Testing

Well Integrity Key Elements

People

Process

Equipment

Training

Job / Well Design

Design

Competency

SOPs

Procurement

Certification

Risk Analysis

Traceability

Q-Stop

Risk Management

Certification

Management of Change

Inspection & Maintenance

Repair & Recertification

Well Integrity 2013 - Equipment

2012 Equipment Systems
WHE Maintenance Traceability

2013 Equipment Compliance

PTB Audit Completed

WHE Critical Seals Traceability

Surface Cutter Development

5-yr Major Certification

Hunting (2nd supplier) Qualification

PTB Roadmap Implementation

3rd Party Approval Process

2013 drives compliance and traceability

Critical seals tracking as part of barcoding project

5-yr Major roadmap including internal certifications
Monthly compliance tracking of WHE assets
Pressure test bay roadmap release with RWP
Detailed 3rd party supplier approval process

Basic Concepts and Definitions

What is Well Integrity?

The Condition and Quality of the well structure achieved through the application of
technical, operational and organizational solutions, such as the use of competent
pressure seals, to reduce the risk of uncontrolled release of formation fluids into
another formation, to the surface, or to the environment.

How the Well Integrity is established?

By implementing and maintaining well barriers to prevent uncontrolled release of
fluids from the formation while performing well operations or while the well is inactive
or abandoned

Basic Concepts and Definitions

What is a Well Barrier Element?

Any device or element (such as fluid column, casing, BOPs) that alone or in
combination with other elements is capable of containing well pressure and preventing
uncontrolled flow of fluids or gases from the formation, into another formation, or to the
surface or environment
Casing
Head

Casing
Hanger

Casing
String

Casing String,
Hanger & Well Head

Surface BOP Stack

Rotating Control
Device (RCD) for MPD

Slick Line Lubricator

Basic Concepts and Definitions

What is a Well Barrier Envelope ?

The combination of barrier elements (such as casing, BOP, well head, mud column,
etc.) which working together, form an envelope that prevents uncontrolled flow of fluids
or gases from the formation into another formation or to the surface or the
environment.
Components of barrier envelope:
Last casing set in the well
Cement behind casing,
Formation below casing shoe,
Casing hanger,
Well head assembly,
BOP stack installed at surface.

Basic Concepts and Definitions

Several barrier elements may be installed in the well and available to contain pressure or to
prevent flow

But they will only serve as a containing barrier when they are interlinked to form a barrier
envelope that blocks all possible leaking paths for pressure and flow

If one Barrier Element fails, the whole Barrier Envelope also fails

Properties and Requirements of Well Barriers

What is a Primary Well Barrier Envelope?

Element or combination of Barrier Elements in direct (Primary) contact with the
potential outflow source, i.e. the elements that see pressure during well operations

Conventional drilling

Logging in cased hole

Primary Well Barrier is

fluid column which is in
direct contact with the
outflow source.

Primary Well Barrier is formed

by those elements which are in
direct contact with pressure in
the well:
cemented casing
well head assembly
pressured lubricator
wire line valves

It controls or overcomes
the formation pressure

Properties and Requirements of Well Barriers

Examples of Primary Well Barrier for Drilling, Production and Well Intervention:
Primary Barrier consists of all elements
that are in direct contact with formation
pressure and prevent flow during well
operations. They can be:

Drilling or Completion Fluid Column

Production Casing or Tubing
Well Head Assembly & Valves
Casing or Tubing Hangers
Lubricator and Pressure Head, etc.

Well Intervention

Drilling the Well

Producing the Well

Properties and Requirements of Well Barriers

What is a Secondary Well Barrier Envelope?

Element or combination of Elements defined as the
ULTIMATE defense should any of the Primary Barrier
Elements fails.
It is the LAST and ULTIMATE barrier envelope providing
well Integrity to be activated.
It is not necessarily barrier number two in a sequence

Properties and Requirements of Well Barriers

Secondary Barrier: Redundant Barrier, outside the primary barrier, to be closed as last resort
Well Intervention

Examples of Secondary Well Barrier

Envelopes for Drilling, Production and Well
Intervention
For all well operations having potential
uncontrolled flow of formation fluids to the
surface, a second (external) barrier shall be
defined and installed to be activated as the
Last Resort for containment of formation
pressure and flow.
Drilling Well

Well Production

Basic Concepts and Definitions

What is a Well Control ?

The Well Control can be seen as all actions conducted to restore the Primary Well
Barrier and to recover the well integrity lost by the activation of well barrier envelopes
Well is controlled (static)
Formation pressure is contained
by the Primary Barrier (fluid column)

When the primary barrier in wellbore is lost

The hydrostatic column of fluid is insufficient and
formation pressure is traveling up the well bore.

The Secondary Barrier

Envelope (production
casing, casing hanger, well
head, and BOP ) is activated
to prevent uncontrolled flow
to the surface or to the
environment

Properties and Requirements of Well Barriers

What is an Additional (Intermediate) Well Barrier Element?

An Alternative Barrier element to be activated when Primary Barrier is Lost,prior to
activating the Secondary (Ultimate Barrier)

2. Well Barriers Definitions and Principles

Properties
Requirements
of Well
Barriers
e. The Useand
of Barriers
in Well Control
Operations

Primary Well Barrier intact

Fluid acting as Primary Barrier

Primary Barrier is Lost

The first remedy would be to install
Safety Valve on String and close the
Annular BOP (Additional Barrier)

Primary Barrier is Lost

If Annular BOP fails, one Pipe
Ram would be closed
(Additional Barrier element)

Primary Barrier is Lost

Ultimate Resource would be
cut/drop pipe by closing
Shear-Seal Rams
(Last / Ultimate Barrier)

Properties and Requirements of Well Barriers

What is a Common Well Barrier Element?

A Barrier Element that simultaneously is part of the Primary and the Secondary Well
Barrier Envelopes
If the common element fails, both barriers will also fail, Primary & Secondary Barriers
are not independent

Example :
The Master Valve installed in the base of Christmas Tree is a
Common Well Barrier Element
It is in direct contact with the pressured fluid in the well (PRIMARY
BARRIER) and Simultaneously it forms part of the surface
equipment that ultimately may contain flow and pressure
(SECONDARY BARRIER)
Adding more valves on top of well head will only add redundancy to
the Master Valve

Properties and Requirements of Well Barriers

For a producer well, the

Master Valve is part of
the Secondary Barrier
and the DHSV part of the
Primary Barrier. No
common barrier element
exits in this case

DHSV

For an abandoned well,

the cemented casing,
and plug set above the
zone form the Primary
Barrier while the DHSV is
part of the Secondary
Barrier. No
common
barrier
element
is
present

Properties and Requirements of Well Barriers NORSOK10

Properties and Requirements of Well Barriers

WBAC or Well Barrier Element Acceptance Criteria is the collection of all organizational, technical, and
operational requirements and guidelines that need to be fulfilled by a given element to qualify as a well
barrier, irrespective of type of activity and operation.
When Barrier Elements are provided by SLB, they must comply with the Acceptance Criteria established by
the Segment responsible for their design, construction, installation or maintenance
The WBEAC for each Barrier Element is established by means of 11 Features, as follows:
A. Description

G. Impairment

B. Function

H. Maintenance

C. Design, Construction & Selection

I. Competency and Training

D. Initial Validation

J. Risk Assessment

E. Use

K. Certification Requirement

F. Monitoring

Properties and Requirements of Well Barriers

A Barrier Element (Envelope) is considered as such ONLY if it can be

Tested

Monitored

Restored

By applying the Well Barrier Element Acceptance Criteria (WBEAC)

defined by the Segment Responsible for the installation and
maintenance, to verify its integrity

By direct observation, to establish its condition and working status at

all times

By fixing or replacing the lost barrier when it fails during well

operations

Properties and Requirements of Well Barriers

Well Activities and Operations SHOULD STOP when:

Having a weakened, failed / lost well barrier element or

well barrier envelope

Hydrocarbon gas level in the air exceeds the specified

limit applicable or defined

There is a HIGH probability of exceeding allowable

operating limits of well control equipment or other critical
equipment

Apply Q-Stop whenever the ongoing operation is considered

unsafe or the level of risk is high or unacceptable

Wireline Well Integrity Standard

To promote the two barrier philosophy, SLB Wireline will:

Ensure that a primary barrier is available above/in the well

Identify the secondary barrier mechanism to be activated should the primary

barrier fail

Include a risk assessment and contingency plan for any potential well control
situations that may have increased risk as a result of wireline operations

Wireline Stack Requirements

Back up Slides

37

Wireline Pressure Control Equipment

38
12/8/2013

Lack of Barriers Exemption Process

When there is a lack of barriers (ONE BARRIER ONLY ):

A risk analysis and mitigation (HARC), and
An exemption raised and approved (at Segment HQ level) prior to the
commencement of the job

When there are NO BARRIERS and the well is capable of discharging hydrocarbons or fluids
to the surface or the external environment or if the flow potential of the well is uncertain:
The job in the well cannot be performed
No Segment level exemptions are allowed
Schlumberger Limited level approval required

Wireline Well Integrity & Well Barriers

The following situations are acceptable to have fewer than two barriers: No Exemption
1. Operations prior to surface casing installation.
Surface casing is the first casing installed on a well for pressure containment. It is set within competent
formations and allows the installation of BOPs prior to drilling into potentially hydrocarbon bearing and/or
pressure formations

2.

Air filled hole operations

Wireline logging in air filled holes with no secondary barrier installed is only allowed under the following
conditions:
Only in known land development fields.
Wells classified as No Flow Conditions.
Gas monitors are required at wellsite to ensure Gas concentration around the wellhead is
below the level specified by the local regulation or customer.

3.

Fully cased well under the following conditions:

Wells are fully cased and have no communication to the formation (i.e. un-perforated and
bottom seal/plug tested to customer satisfaction)
Customer to agree that these wells are not capable of discharging hydrocarbons or fluids to
the surface.

The Wayfroward

To enhance Well Integrity implementation, SLB Wireline will:

Ensure well barrier integrity through maintenance and traceability

Strengthen our well integrity competency and manage customer expectations in regards
to well control

Include job planning for all planned and contingency operations in our service delivery
process

Clients Requirement

Frequently Asked Question by the client

BOP Closure Time (30 sec ) - API 16 D

IADC , IWCF
Cable cutting Option Shear & Seal

Risk Management Cable Cutting Procedure

Contingency plan must include a cable shearing procedure to

allow cable removal from sealing secondary barrier elements

WL Barrier Requirements Shear & Seal

Back up Slides

45

Single RAM
Shear &
Seal Valve

Single RAM
Shear &
Seal Valve

Single RAM Single RAM

Shear &
Shear &
Seal Valve Seal Valve

Wireline Pressure Control Equipment

The shear and seal rams \must be positioned
below the regular WL Valve and as close as
possible to the Wellhead to ensure that the
sheared cable will fall below the secondary
barrier

46
12/8/2013

Appendix

International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC)

Accreditation for an organization by IADC require assessment of ;

Training Policy and Procedures Document

Identification of Job Positions & defining competencies
Training Resources to support the process
Assessment System
Records System
Quality Assessments

An Instructor can apply to be accredited for one or more certs , requires to ;

Pass online course & exams

IADC requires info about the Training Facility at which instructor organizes the trainings
Scott Carson at KLC is IADC certified WellCAP Instructor
He can can issue IADC certificates.

International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC)

Certifications

WellCAP

WellCAP Plus

Provides training providers accreditation for their custom designed courses and assures that similar
courses meet the same minimum standards for design and delivery of training.

Competence Assurance

Accredits health, safety & environmental (HSE) and underbalanced operations (UBO) orientation
programs.
Safety fundamentals relevant to new rig employees.

Drilling Industry Training Accreditation System

Advanced well control training program for decision makers (e.G., Drilling superintendents, operations
engineers, rig superintendents, and rig managers)

RIG PASS

Drilling and workover activities.

Accredited training providers must meet criteria for training materials, facilities, instructor qualifications,
simulation exercises, test administration & course management.

Designed to assure that in-house competence programs meet accepted practices for developing and
ensuring the skills of personnel.
Companies accredited must demonstrate a commitment to have a competent work force through

Ballast Control and Stability

For providers of marine stability training & operated in conjunction with nautical institute,
For ballast control operator, barge supervisor, and offshore installation manager licenses.

International Well Control Forum (IWFC )

Certifications

Well Intervention Pressure Control

Introductory Rotary Drilling Well Control

well control critical positions during well intervention operations

Two levels are available;
Level 1 Service Equipment Operators
Level 2 Well Intervention Supervisors

formal well control training for the first time.

Surface BOP operations or Combined Surface and Subsea operations.
Programme Content
Primary well control, causes of kicks, normal and abnormal pressures, gas cutting, lost circulation, kicks as a result of surface
initiated actions.
Kicks while drilling:- early warning signs, positive kick signs, kicks while tripping.
Shut in procedures.
Well control methods.
Kill sheet exercises.
Well control management

Rotary Drilling Well Control

well control critical positions on drilling installations and onshore roles

either Surface BOP operations or Combined Surface and Subsea operations.

Alberta Energy and Utilities Board

Alberta Energy and Utilities Board / Energy Resources Conservation Board is an independent
agency regulating the safe, responsible, and efficient development of Alberta's energy
resources: oil, natural gas, oil sands, coal, and pipelines

Well Control Certification Requirement

Well Site Supervisor

The Well Site Supervisor shall be certified in either Well Service Blowout Prevention or Second Line Supervisors Well Control.

Rig Manager and Driller

In accordance with existing drilling and servicing regulations, only the driller is required to have valid well control certification. The
driller may have either a First Line Supervisors Blowout Prevention or a Well Service Blowout Prevention Certificate.

Coiled Tubing Operators

The coiled tubing operator will NOT require well control certification,

A sub-committee of the Drilling and Completions Committee (DACC) was recently formed by coiled tubing operators with the
purpose of developing operating guidelines which may include minimum well control certification.

Wireline*
* could not find any requirement for Wireline was listed in the website