ial opinion: | f= Inmmy opinion, {In my ‘me that | [fel very strongly that | Tam i ‘concerned, | think that the world would be a 5, (Tomy mind, | To Inuch better place without nuclear power. way of thinking, | Personally I believe that | It strikes to Believe that | It seems to me that | As far as 1am To list advantages and One advantage of | Another advantage of | other advantage of (A Jurthr advantage ofhe main ‘on the same topic: Cars are aso extremely expensive to maintain | cars are estremely expensive to maintain too. [Not only are cars harmful tothe environment disadvantages: advantage of | The greatest advantage of | The frst advantage of travelling to work by bicycle is that iis | cheaps you don’t have to pay for fuel | One asadrantag of Another disadvantage | One other disadvantage of A further disadvantage of || / The main disadvantage of | The gratest i of | The frst disadvantage of travlling 1 work by ‘bicycle is that you have no protection from the wind or rain To list points: Firstly, / First of ll, [In the first place, | Secanly, | Thirdly, | Finally, | To start with, people who live in the country suffer far fever heath problems than those who lve in the cit es ‘To list points ina BEGINNING First, | To start with To begin with, First of all, wash the wound with cold water. specific sequence: ‘cowrinune - Secondly, | After this that, RD Then, | Net, wrap a bandage around the cut ‘concLUDING - Finally, Lastly, | Last but nt Yeast, place the paient in a comfortable position and alow them to rest. ‘To add more points ‘Whats more, Furthermore, | Apart ro tisha, Tn addition (otis), | Moreover, | Besides (i) | ‘nol to mention the fact that cars are extremely expensive to mainiai Cars are both harmful 0 the environment and expensive to maintain tat they are exremely expensive to maintain as well ‘To refer to other sources: With reference to / According tothe article Britain. yesterday's Guardian, the unemployment rate i fae in To express cause: ‘on the grounds that | since | as it seemed li In view of | Because of | Owing tothe scheme’ it ‘Seeing thatthe scheme is likely to fai, the “The government has decided to fund these Swamemeeee tT yt fall high chances of failure, the government decided not to fend ‘The scheme is likely to fail for this reason the government has decided motto furnd i, jverment has decided not to fd it. now that its planners have redesigned it | ‘To express effect: ‘reason, he was able 10 go 10 university. “He passed his exams thus, (therfore, [30 consequently, /as a result | as a consequence, | for this To express purpose: ‘The government decided not to introduce th ‘The government decided not ro introduce t ‘The government decided not to introduce innocent people. ‘The government decide not to introduce the death penalty for fear (dat) innocent people would de death penlty 30 that innocent people woud not die death penalty so as to {in order to avoid the deaths of penaltyin cas it resulted inthe death of mocent people 133Toemphasise what you say would rise considerably. Clearly, ! Obviously, | Of course, | Needless to say, if everyone were allowed fo cary a gun, the erime rate He is.a ft that {In effect, (In fact, (As ‘motorcycle accident. Initially, {At fs, | frst sight, his discovered he had ractured his skull ‘a matter of fact, | The fact of the matter is (Ghat) | Actually, In practice, {Indeed | To tell you the truth, «crash helmet would be qi useless in the event ofa serious juries seemed minor, but when the doctors examined him, they To give examples: For instance, |For example, by reducin having a heart attack in later life By reducing your intake of foods such a «heart autack in later Ife ‘you want to decrease your chances of of meat, particularly | in particular, |e your tntake ofr meat you can decrease your chances of ‘like beef and lamb you ean decrease your chances of having laying a heart attack in later life, you should reduce your intake pecially red meat ‘To make general statements: ‘To make partially correct statements: To express limit of knowledge: ‘To state other people's, ‘pinion: To make contrasting points: To express balance (the other side of the argument) Negative addition: ‘To express exception: As a general rule, ! Generally, | In gen stress-related problems than thase who Upto. point, | Toa certain extent, | To To the best of my knowledge, | As far as. | Many argue that | A lot of people think: | our solar system that has ever supported Contrary 0 popular belief, the earth is. | tris known fact that smoking causes cat 50, stil, nonetheless, millions of peo | Although / Even though | Regardless of| While iti « known fact that smoking smoke, Dogs are good pets in that they provide companionship; however, {ut am the other hand, | although et, [ at the same time, in contrast, feeding a [Neither the prime minister nor his depu Neither of them koew anything about the The prime minister didn't know anythin ‘The prime minister didn't know anything read a te ook tap fom) one “Ober Tit sal, (On the whole, people who exerise regulary suf fewer no some extent, /In a sense, | In a way, this is tne as women in society are far less likely 1 use physical Yiolence than men. ‘know, there is no firm proof of the existence of aliens. {tis popularly believed that | People often claim that {Its often alleged that | Some people argue that | that {A lot of people believe that the vari the only planet in life the only planet in ur solar stom to have supported life cer, yet however, / nevertheless, | but Jat the same time jeven Around the world continue to smoke. the fact that | In spite of the fact that | Despite the fact that | ses cancer, milions of people around the world continue to id grooming a dog can be expensive and time-consuming. Anew anvthing about te experiment epee about the experiment nar {neither did his dep. about the experiment and is depnty di’ either To clarify/rephrase: 134 | tn other words, [That is 0 sa,/To put it cenvronment, the wore would be a mac ‘another way, if people made more of an effort to protect the healthier place to live inT | To express similarity Alcohol redtces our ability to concentrate on our work: similarly lkewise,jn the same way, i reduces aur | ability to concentrate while driving. ip We could switch to (ether) solar power or wind power. To give an alternati Te onl ocho solr power On hater hand Aerated powers bo en emironmentay | | endl option. To express condition: | old him that he could borrow my car on the condition that provided (that) {providing (that) | only if as long as he didn't drive it 00 fost. | In the event of trouble, | Im the event that trouble should start, If rouble should start, tock all dhe doors | and windows. Take an unbrela in case of aintn case tans | | Hest mete (orm) Ln | | You had better lock all the dors otherwisefor (ele) you willbe in eroble. ‘To express the loan; consequentty,then{solin which case, it will be able| consequence of a 10 provide fy new jobs. | condition: Fin oping the eft willbe open tonight; if 0, well have a great time, if notfotherwise, we'l have to go home. To expres comparison: | This cris as fst as | more comsforable than Vowiee as fas as (less comfortable than mine. To conclude: Finally Lastly Above al{AHl in all,Taking everything into account,jOn the whole/All things considered,/In conctusion,[As T have said,/As was previously stated/To sum up, itis unlikely teat ‘mankind wil ever bring an end to all wars Pres the button wheniwheneverbeforeuntililafter the light comes on, 1 haven't seen him since ne. sav him as Twas leaving the shop.) I sav him while I was doing my shopping. T never see him now that he tives in Cana | | Rea | Thar he man what ove me the bg | | ‘That's the man whose bag itis. That's the dog whichlthat bit me ‘That's the place where I live. | That's the woman whojwhomithat 1 live with Reference: {wish to make a complaint regardinglconcerning one of your shop asitans | eam writing with respectiregardireference to | in regardireference fo your recent letter of application Summarising: In shortBriefly|To put it briefly, the film was the best I've ever seen. a WE