U7 Task 1 Research

Commercial broadcasting Is the broadcasting of television/radio

programmes by privately owned media corporations. This means

advertising companys pay TV companies like ITV to be shown to the

public.

Non-commercial broadcasting This is when there is no advertising,

for example the BBC is non-commercial, this is because its publically

funded.

Examples of commercial broadcasting on television:

- ITV (launched in 1955 as independent television)
Link to the ITV website: http://www.itv.com/
Print screen of the ITV page.

ITV is a British a public limited company (PLC). This means ITV

offer shares to the members of public. Launched in 2001

following the ITV network, it comprises 12 regional subfranchises that each provide local programming to their areas, for
example where we are , Oxfordshire. ITV has traditionally been
viewed as an entertainment based broadcaster, its programming
consists of some of the highest rated shows in Britain, such as X
Factor and Coronation Street both of which regularly draw in 10+
million viewers.
How do ITV make their money?
ITV makes their money through advertising and sponsorship.
Over the last few years the advertising breaks have been getting
longer and longer during and between programs and the
commercial breaks whilst programs are being transmitted have
become more.
As ITV is a public limited company, they still make lot of money.
They are successful because they host a lot of popular TV
programmes such an Im a celebrity get me out of here! this
programme in particular has an ad break every 12-14 minutes.
With 12million viewers watching Im a celebrity when the ad
breaks come on, there will be a lot of people watching the
adverts meaning, the adverts will be getting a lot of attention.

Below are also big TV advertising companies

- Channel 4
- Channel 5
- MTV
Examples of commercial broadcasting on radio:
- Capital
- Kiss

- Heart

- Smooth

The BBC Public company, funded by the TV license. TV Private

Company, 60% owned by ITV PLC. Also owned by STV Group PLC
(Scotland) and UTV (Northern Ireland).Channel 4 Private Company,

funded by advertising. Channel 5 Private Company Owned by Northern

& Shell

Paid programming
Commercial broadcasting laps over with paid services just like cable
television, radio/ satellite television.

Services are generally partially

paid for by local subscribers and is known as leased access. Other

programming such as cable television, is produced by operating

companies in which the same manner as advertising funded commercial

broadcasters, they (and often the local cable provider) sell commercial
time in a similar manner.
Sustaining programs balanced the broadcast schedule,
supplementing the soap operas and popular-music programs
receiving the highest ratings and most commercial sponsors
They allowed for the broadcast of programs which, by their

controversial or sensitive nature, were unsuitable for sponsorship

They supplied cultural programming for a lot smaller audiences.

They provided limited broadcast access for non-profit and civic
organizations
They made possible artistic and dramatic experimentation,
shielded from the pressures of short-run rating and commercial
considerations of a sponsor.
Conglomerates
- This is a company that is made up of loads of different
businesses.

- Hold the majority stake in all of its businesses.

- Conglomerates often own many different TV channels and
newspapers.

Vertical and horizontal integration

- Vertical integration is when a company starts to take over more

and more aspects of the producing and distributing.
-

If a media company started producing the DVDs that a film it

made would be stored on, this would be an example of vertical

integration.

- Horizontal integration is when a company takes over other

companies. This is to increase its own market share.

- This can be done through a buyout.

- The second company is outright bought and owned by the first.

- What can happen is two companys merge as one.

- An example of horizontal integration is google taking over

YouTube.
Multinationals
- Multinationals are large companies that can sometimes be
wealthier than some small countries.

- Multinationals are companies that operate in more than one

country globally.

Cross media
- Uses traditional advertising
- Leaflets
- Emails

- Webpages
What is a privately owned company?

- Usually a non- governmental organization.

- Relatively small number of shareholders also small amount of
company members.

- Offers trade its company stock.

Channel 4: http://www.channel4.com/
Channel 4 is another example of a public limited company TV, also
channel 4 is a successful TV channel.

Privately owned company http://www.forbes.com/

The largest private company is Forbes.

This is an American channel

(meaning it doesnt show on UK Television). Forbes used the use of

webpages (Cross-media). Forbes focuses on news.

Independent company example: An independent business is free from

outside control. It usually means a privately owned establishment
opposed to a publicly limited company. By investment shares traded in
the stock market, many cases, independent businesses are sole
proprietorship companies.