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Movement
In and Out of Cells
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Contents
Moving molecules
The molecules in every substance are always moving.
In which state are molecules able to spread out?
ice (solid)
Smell is strongest
at source.
Changing concentrations
Diffusion can be represented on a simple diagram.
Where will the molecules be after diffusion?
before diffusion
after diffusion
Diffusion animation 1
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Diffusion animation 2
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Diffusion animation 3
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Contents
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oxygen
What is the waste gas that
you breathe out?
carbon dioxide
The lungs have a huge surface area to maximize the
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with each breath.
Where in the lungs does gas exchange take place?
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deoxygenated blood
from the body
oxygen
into alveoli
oxygenated blood
to the body
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diffusion
deoxygenated blood
from the body
oxygen
into alveoli
oxygenated blood
to the body
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deoxygenated blood
from the body
oxygenated blood
to the body
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diffusion
The concentration
of carbon dioxide
in deoxygenated
blood is higher
than in
deoxygenated
blood.
deoxygenated blood
from the body
carbon dioxide
out of alveoli
oxygenated blood
to the body
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Cross-section of a villus
Each villus separates the digested food in the small intestine
from a network of capillaries.
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inside the
small intestine
blood leaving
villus
inside the
small intestine
diffusion
blood leaving
villus
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diffusion
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high concentration
diffusion
active transport
low concentration
Sometimes substances move into cells from low to high
concentration. This is called active transport.
Active transport needs energy to make it happen.
How do molecules move along the concentration gradient
during active transport?
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root hair
cell
mineral
element
soil
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active transport
root hair
cell
mineral
element
soil
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What is osmosis?
Osmosis is a special type of diffusion.
Diffusion involves gas or dissolved molecules, but osmosis
only involves the movement of water molecules.
water
molecule
semipermeable membrane
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a
region of high water concentration to a region of low
water concentration across a semipermeable membrane.
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Osmosis experiment
A bag made from a semipermeable membrane is tied
to a glass tube and filled with a strong sugar solution.
This bag is placed in a weak sugar solution.
strong sugar
solution
weak sugar
solution
What happens to the water molecules in the weak solution?
What happens to the liquid inside the semipermeable bag?
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Osmosis experiment
The volume of liquid in the semipermeable bag increases.
The liquid rises up the glass tube and then stops.
Why does this happen?
strong sugar
solution
weak sugar
solution
Water molecules diffuse across the membrane from the
weak sugar solution into the strong sugar solution.
This continues until the concentration is the same on both
sides of the membrane.
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Osmosis animation 1
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Osmosis animation 2
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Multiple-choice quiz
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