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What is Heat?

Heat: is a form of ENERGY


caused by the internal motion of
molecules of matter.

JAMES PRESCOTT JOULE


Investigated

the relationship between


HEAT and MOTION.
He Performed many experiments
proving that objects in motion produce
heat.
AMOUNT OF HEAT PRODUCED
DEPENDS UPON THE AMOUNT OF
MOTION.

Heated molecules move faster


and are farther apart than cooler
If we add heat energy to a liquid, the
molecules.

liquid becomes a gas. The added heat


energy makes the molecules in the
liquid move faster and faster until the
molecules are moving so fast and so far
apart that the liquid becomes a gas.

HEAT TRANSFER
The

movement of heat from a warmer


object to a cooler object is called heat
transfer.

ENERGY MOVES AS HEAT


IIN 3 WAYS.

Think

about what you do to keep warm on


a cold day. You may wear several layers
of clothing, sit next to a heater, or avoid
drafty windows. On a hot day, you may
wear light clothing and sit in the shade of
a tree. In all of these situations, you are
trying to control the transfer of energy
between yourself and your surroundings.

How does energy get transferred


from a warmer object to a cooler
one?
Heat

is transferred in 3 ways:
CONDUCTION
CONVECTION
RADIATION

CONDUCTION: is the process


that moves energy from one
object to another when they are
touching physically.
Conduction

occurs any time that objects


at different temperatures come into
contact with each other.

When fast-moving molecules


collide with slow moving
molecules, heat energy is
transferred from the faster
molecules to the slower
molecules, causing the slower
molecules to move faster.

Because all matter is made of


molecules, conduction can take
place in solids, liquids, and
gases.
CONDUCTION TAKES PLACE BEST
IN SOLIDS, BECAUSE THE
MOLECULES OF A SOLID ARE IN
DIRECT CONTACT WITH ONE
ANOTHER.

CONDUCTORS
Some

substances conduct heat better


and more rapidly than other
substances.
We say these substances are GOOD
CONDUCTORS OF HEAT.(Examples:
silver, copper,iron,aluminum,
metals,etc.)

INSULATORS: poor
conductors.
Substances

that do not conduct heat

easily.
Examples: wood, plastic,foam,
air,glass, etc.)

CONVECTION
Energy

can also be transferred through


the movement of gases or liquids.
Convection is a cycle in nature
responsible for most winds and ocean
currents.

When the temperature in a region


increases, the particles in the air spread
out and become less dense.
Cooler, denser air flows in underneath the
warmer, less dense air, and pushes the
warmer air upward.
When this air cools, it becomes more dense
than the warmer air beneath it.
The cooled air sinks and moves under the
warmer air.

RADIATION
IS

ENERGY that travels as


electromagnetic waves, which include
visible light, microwaves and infrared
light.

Heat from the sun reaches the


earth by means of radiation.
When

radiation is emitted from one


object and then is absorbed by another,
the result is often a transfer of energy
through heat.

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