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17

Jxq~ . "~ ^~ xH ^#` W~ . S` ZO`^~ |^O Q


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"~ JYO_, i~ |#O^ Q~O F_` LO\~.
H#H XH =H `# ^ x H^x - =## H^x, `# P#O^
~ P`#x Q Oz J\ P`Q LO_ ~#>` J^ "HO J\ "HO =< =#=_ Y =^_=`_ Jx `O k.
J\ D "Hx O^\xH LO Uk? Z=~ K|`~?
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18

J x "_ HO^ H . `H H ` Z=~ Z=~ QiOK@O


_ ^~^. JO^H =x+H `H =YO. JQ "^
`H=O\ Lx+` _ JO` =YO. J\ Lx+`
"Hx QiOz, P "Hx O^ L QiOz, ^# QiOz
<H K|`O\~. JO`H^ PHtOz =s =#= K|`~.
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rq` ~=~O, "HO H~ uOKH` g [#=$^.
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u\, KiH K , P"^# `, PHO` ^i \#O\~.
(Z) D"x+` 3= =O`O ''J~<=`H JO^#
`= =$` ..... Z=~ P`# `H~ "~ P`` K #
"~. J\ P` ` K # [# =~}O z# `~` K~ <q
~_ x pH\ H - JO> |kx #[# Jx KiH
K # k Lx+` . H#H P`*<x O^O_ Jx KiH (a) H <x+` kf YO_O 5= =O`O ''W K^ "n ^^ ` = #Kk"n#fq#+ I
- rqOz LO_Q< `O> ~= `O ^~`Ok.
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- Jx KiH () JQ H~ x+` 6= J^O, 4= =O`O _ W^ q+ x
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19

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`` ~+ H+ s~` H` II
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^ #OQ rq~. =#=_ JO` J~` =H< #_.
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uOK Jx Lx+` PHO - J~` Z kOKe D
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20

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LO_O^ u~, k~ WH =# J< ^xH K@^ .
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21

=O :- D HOx = =#= Mx O^\xH Q#


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=# ^~ kOK\xH uOKe.
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` x~O`~O JOk< ~. Q = O`_ =#=# $+O K =O^
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22

# Z^~"e =O ^x, H#H WH<# =Oz =~O #_==x


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KO^ O_ K|`Ok. J~< J`_ qxOKHH~<, qHx
H "< J\H T~H^. ZQ Hh @Hx *eQe
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}, P~}H, Lx+` J< <Q Q ^~
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23

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KO^` LO> D ^O < \ P "^# \ O KHx ", P
"^# ZQ`o K" ZC_ XHC _ P"^# KO^H ` ^.
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U"< H =#= =~O K ` q*<x
`H"e, PKiOKe, P#O^x O^e. JQH `#
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Q L# Z=~O`@ "~ Kkq, Q Oz, kOK~ x H#H
XH ^~=# P~Oz, qOz, lOz "i ^~ QOz,
24

^# K =#= rq` ~=~"# "Hx O^x _


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^ ==`O^h `<O. WC_ =#^~ u x, u x
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Q#H =O^Q $+~ x q=iOK `<~. ~ 5 H
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r=_ \ J _, r=_ Z W~ _ q=~ O Q
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II P^q^O H"= [Q`^`


Ok =`^#H ``~` I
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25

"Y :- 2= HO K #@ =<<#O k< ^Y x=$u.


=<<<x Z kOKe? J =#O> Uq\? PK#
=#. PK# ZO^ =~? D O KO ZO` PH~ }
OQ
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O KO QiOz ~ # *#O Hey` - D q+ H ^~
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Py~ =# #tO k. O KO QiOz# *#O `eO>
O KO JO> Uq\? Z =zO^? ZO\^? `ee - JO^H
D OK $+ QiOz - ^~ u QiOz D HO #O_
K `<~. J 1) O KO JO> Uq\? OK SkO\` _#k D O KO.
5 ` - OK ` H~H` U~_#^ D O KO. JO`H^.
5 q+ ` _#^ D O KO. J" |, ~, ~, ~, QO^
J<q. D S^ ` P~q+ O O KO < ^ . H#H O KO
U~_Ok OK` H~H` OKO L#k | ~
~~ Q O ^ J< 5 q+ =`" .
2) D OKO U U~_Ok? OKO U~_H=O^ H=O
` =`" L#k. JO> <= ~x, x~H~, x~},
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~} '=@ `~ N =q+= Q x^ xOQ
n~H O xOz LO\_ Jx H^ ~O K|`~. P `~ "`
'QeK H@|_# h~ J` xO_#@Q H` _# ~= `
#O_ OK ` U~_~.
26

h~ xOQ L#C_ =# ^$+x PHiOK^. S` Qe


gz#C_ xOQ L# h\ OK#O Hey J U~_`~.
^x` =# ^$+x PHi O k. JQ H = ` L#C_ =# ^$+x
PHiOK^ . P ` #O_ OK ` =z#C_ Jq J<H
Q}` LO_ =# ^$+x PHi~. J~` ~=`#O_
OK ` Z =K~? 'H` _# ~= ` =<. x[OQ
~=` JH~. H=OQ LO_ "_. J\ ~=` #O_ D
OK ` Z =~? XH " P# D OK `# $+
P# PH~ ZJ=`_? ~= ` ~= `Q ZC_ PH~ , P#
$+ K"_ H^, $+ K e# J=~= P# ^ . =i
P=~O Z=ik? q+ "#` _ # '= ~= `#
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D q+ "#` _# =# 'H JO\~. P H` _#
~= `< 'D~_<~. D $+ K # n, K =# J=~O
D~_H Qx ~= ` =. H#H D OK ` q+ "#
~} =< (H =<) ` #O_ U~_`<~. ~= `#O_
OK ` U~_# q^O `u s x+` +O Q K|`#k.
''`^ U`` P`# PH O `, PH^, "~y,
JQ ~, J^ $kg -- Jx. J\ P`#O_ PHO, PHO
#O_ "=, "= #O_ Jy, Jy #O_ h~, h\#O_
q - U~_q .
Wq U~_@O _ 'QeK H@|_# h\#O_ J U~_@

Jx L=#O K|`<~. JO> J h~` =~gH^. xOQ
L# h~ H^e H = JQ U~_Ok JO`. JQ OK `
~= ` ` =~gH^. xOQ L# ~= ` "#` _#
= H ~} = OK `Q U~_Ok Jx =O. JO>
~= ` PH ~O#, ~= ` PHO " ~O#,
~= ` Jy ~O#... W U~_q Jx Q OKe.
27

1. "^\ D [Q`O ` O_ "^# "\= ` Q LO_k


Jx K # "HO QiOz qK~} K^O. O_ "II "\ =
J#Q O_ "^# q "^\ Z =\ Q LO_" - JQ D
<=~ [Q`O` "^\ H=O `Q LO_k Jx J~O. D
[Q`O` OK` H~H` U~_k. H#H [Q` =O^
OK ` LO_ LO_e. (J^ =_ ~ ). P OK ` U~_H
=O^ P OK ` U~_\xH H~}"# H = ` =`"
LO_ LO_e. W^ q+ x u "H =i < ~.
''P`" W^O UH" "Q P` - D O KO $+H ~O
XH P`Q LO_k - Jx |Q^Ox S`~ x+`
''^= " ^=Q P` UH" "kfO - <=~`
_# D [Q` $+H ~O UH" Jkf"# ` =`"
LO_k - Jx ="^O x KO^Qx+` ''P` "^ =Q P`. ..
$+H ~O P` H\Q^ - Jx HA~^Ox
|$^~}Hx+` K|`<~ nxx |\ "^\ H = ` UH= J^= J~# ~= ` =`" xOQ LO_k.
2. Hk - JO> $+ ~OO Q` $+ x r= H
q+ "#` _# =H H ~}` P ~= ` #O_
PHO, "=, Jy, h~, q J< OK ` - H
`<` U~_~. ~=` JH~ Q#H $+ K_. J~`
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@O
[iyOk. nx ~= ` H~ $`O JO@^.
W U~_# OK ` - H$ u ^ = J< `e = ~= ` J< `O_ = [xOz#q Q#H D OK `xO\#
~ = ` K ` # = LO@Ok, = H 3 Q } ` ~[" Q} LO\~.
28

WH D OK `#O_ D <= ~` _# ([Q` )


O K $+ Z [iyO^ `~u HO OK ` #O_ O KO U U~_Ok?

II HY `Q` ` ~["a
eOQO s~ =^ ^` D~ K I
OpKH~ q^kH ` Hx
JO_O ^` W^O r=Q II

u^~O :- HY `Q` H OK ` (`<`)


H ` ~[ `" a ` ~[" Q}` eOQ s~O
L^ ` H s~O (q+ H s~O - |) L`# "^ x
J` PC_ D~ K D~ K= q` PkH ` Hx
PHO "II# H `# OpKH~ Op H~}O
K @O` J` ^x#Oz r=Q r= yOK\xH `y#
W^O P ` D O KO ` ~ O k.
=O :- H "# OK ` (`<`) ` ~ [" Q}`
H s~O (q+ H s~O - |) L`#"O k. JC_
D~ K= P H `# OpH~}
O K @O` r= H
Q== ` D O KO (<=~) ` ~ O k.
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x[OQ |^=_ H^ KC #@Q s~O` - <Q
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JO> | q+ H s~a=x J#=@. =i P q+ H
s~O Z =zOk?.
WO` =O^ q+ H~} s~O (=) ~}` ~= `
#O_ 5 H ` U~_ x, P H ` ` ~["
29

Q}< 3 Q}` _ L<x `<O. WC_ XHH


H `O (`<`) H uHOO #O_ XHH *<O k=,
OK`<` q+ uHOO #O_ JO` H~} 4 (=<,
|k, z`, JOH~) =~. JQ XHH H `O (`<`)
H ~[HO#O_ XHH H~OkO, OK`<` q+
~[HO #O_ OK} =~. D q^O Q OK`< `
uH~[HO #O_ 5 *<O k,5 H~ Ok, 5 },
4 JO` H~}
- "`O 19 He H s~O (|) L^~O k.
Wn |^=x @H.
WH |^=_ \# `~` $+ K=x N =q+=
`# ~Q Qx^ xOz LO_ |# P^t_ . Wk
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_# D O KO LO_e)
x~H~, x~}
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LO_Q, ~= ` K` # O` _# q+ H~} s~O (D~_)
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J^ |H $+ OHO. ^x` [Q` H $+H <On
"KHO J=`Ok. [Q` $+ Z [~Q`Ok?
H "# OK ` (`<`) uH, ~[HO` H
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O.
"^\ ^ H = q[ #, ~ O_= ^ q_=@. 3= ^ ~ O_=
QO <QQ q_=@. <Q= ^
30

1 1 1 1 1
+ + + +
2 8 8 8 8

PH`O. W H `<` OpH~}O` `Q


U~_`~. D OK ` XH ^x` XH\ He *f,
q*f, Q` ^ ` ^ , r= QxH `y# <=~
[Q` U~_`~. Wn $+ [iQq^O .
XHH H ^ O - ^xx "# H~ ` _#
H~}^ O H J#" `y# s~O` "`O 3 s~
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r= u HOO = \# *<O k, JO` H~}
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`Ok. Hx Jx J= x q+ x~`~ O *H O LO@<~
Q^! H#H zu U=~ =. Jk ZC _ XH\Q< LO@Ok.
W 3 J= - P J= x J#" Hx '<< Jx
x~O`~= zO`#K P 3 J= #O_ |@_e.
WOH P` qK~} Z Q...

II <^u < = u #=$k" u


<" u i}= =H
O " I
^ ~ [# <k qH~ H}

U Oqku zO` O``O `O II

23

u^~O :- # L^u Wk (P` - zu) @^ # JO L u


=~}O K^ #=$kOUu =$kKO ^^ # JH
O H}
O K^
i}=O # L u =~ KO^^ J^ P` P~OK|_
~[## Pk qH~ H} @H "II# Jx qH~H H
U Oq` Wu W^ Oq` (Jh `H<z`) Jx `O
O``O zO` h= ZC _ =#K LO_.
=O :- Wk (zu-P`) @^ , =~}O K^ . =$k KO^^ , H}
O K^ ,
U =~ KO^^ . P` P~OK|_ @H "II# Jx qH~H
HQ LO@Ok. W^ Oq` Jx x~O`~O h= =# K O _.
"Y :- *Q` + J= , P J= x r=_ H
J#" H J~#k D zu H" #x, J\ zu Hx P` K` < x <<# x x~O`~O qK~} K r=_ `#^~ u
`#O_x HO^\ HO `<O.
74

D HO WOH r=_H u Q`#, ^~ ~


"# WOH Z qK~}K `e * < ~. JO`QH
`# u x `# =~z =\xH H~}x _ `e* ^xx
iK Hx Q~O KH< Lx _ `e* < ~.
P`H u Q`, H} Uq\ K|`<~. P`
>k H^. JQ P` =~}O^ . P` =$k KO^kH^, H}
O Kk
H$tOKnH^. J U=~ xkP`. P` JO> Jk Z=~H^
- <<. JO> < @H ^ , =~}O ^ , =$kH
=, U=~
=. Hx <# < O=`~O - <<, < `n# \#
JO@<O Q^! \# ~A KO@<OQ^! JQ ZC_
XHC _ =~} # JO@<OQ^! <# WC_ W L<# Qx,
< z#C_ Q K "}O_! JO@<". JO> J\H W\H
=$k [iyO^#=@. JQ P! WC_# D FH WOH 10 OII
` LO@O^O_? s~ @`O`y~, UhKx u
=O kQ^! JO@O\O. JO> XH \H <# H} #. H$tOz`#
Jx =O. W J<H q^Q =i`#, ZC_ XH q^O Q
LO_# Jx ` - JO@O\O _ W^q\?
<<" P`<. P`H " [## =~}, =$k H
".
Hx < [## =~} =$kH
L<x qO \O, JO^iH
K|`O\O. ZO^ W [~`Q#k? ZO^HO>? = . ^ O
_`#k. XHC _ =~} # k, =$kKO ^`Ok, H}
O k. J<H
=~ KO^`Ok. S` <# P`#x =~z, ^ O` `^`OKOk,
^ " <# J#Hx, P ^ H} # < P~OKHx _`<#,
K<#, =$kKO^`<#, H$tOz`<# Jx JO\O. W^
=, Ou. `C_ =#. Wk x[OQ =#H T-=.
OuHx x[OH^. =i x["q\ ^~, ^~=
75

^~ `Hx =#^~ [iy# ~@# uiy =# ^~<


iK H"e. '^ " <# J< D `C _ =## ''P`<#
J< ~# =# ^~ - zO`# ^~ iKH"e. J
iK H"O> ^ O H @H# , ~Q^#, H} `#, =~}x
JxO\x `< <# Oq`# (H x `H<) Hx . H< #
< [##=~}, =$kH
=. U =~ x xiH~ H
K`<x. Jx =~# <# `O@<# Jx x~O`~O
qK~} K J HQ - `H< `eqQ - zu HOQ
LO_"e.
P`<# < ^~ ~O Uq\? < =O Uq\?

II =K+`O ==O| `k ~ O
# O = u `# M ~ I
^Okk q+ H H
` `` Wu" x[~= II

24

u^~O :- # ^x = =`+ ` O ==OY '<# J<


x P^~OK Hx `k ~ O O = u ` "IIq
Jh ==`< `# PH~}OK` M ~ = u
Jk M ~ ==`#k ^Okk q+
^Ok "II# q+ <<xH UH H ` UHH
J~#O^# "x[~O <x[ ~O `` `W u P
PH~}O K` '` Jx qOK. LO_.
=O :- ^x H~}OQ <# J< r=_H `^ O J=`<~
Jk PH~}OK` Y~" ^ x , ^Ok "II# q+
<<xH UHH J~#O^# < x[ ~O ` Jx xz LO_.
"Y :- u"xH `O^, ~O^, Q$^O^,
MxK == O^, q+ O^, QO^ ZO` u.
76

U"< `# Mx== J#O> "\O^ J~+`. "\x


=keOKHx =mH` "\ O^ ux Hey LO\_. W ZC_
r=_ Mx O^x, P#O^x O^x ` LO\_.
JO^H~H Z< ` K_. W ZO^ YO H~H
_`_? ^Mx ^+_ ? JO> r=_ H x[~O
Jq` Y~O. H#H< M< H~O\_. XH_H MxK
== =~H_H ^Mx ==K Q^! XH_H @O> }O. =~H_H
J W+O LO_^ . JO> D WW =# KOk#". =##
|\ == W W U~_`~. J~` U =# < XH
== # W+ _ `Ok JO> P == ` dOK< =O =`O
P r=_ J ~" # P`^. ZO^HO> P`Y ~OQ#H.
P` Y~O HH` r=_ HxO\x OQ, HxO\x
P OQ KK"_H^.
WH ^Ok H$tOz `O> =# `< LO@Ok.
< H#|_@O ^x , q#|_@O ^x , H `y ~O^x JO@
LO\O. W JxO\x `H<k Z=~? r=_. JO> |kx
`eq ^~ `O\_. `y# zH` K_. S` |kx
`eqx, PzH` # H =O `H<k r=_x ` . H#H <
x[~O ` . <# H =` - z` - P#O^ ~x Jx
x~O`~O qK~} K LO_e.
WOH h ~O U^ qK~} K~ - Z?
h ^~ u - u LO_ O^ XH J^` qK~}
=~O D HO - J <<= ix? J< =^#O.

II P^ `"= ^` q+~
``k`O [Qk^O q+ *`O I
`= u+u `^ `~ K=<
Ob` [x^ q= |^^k II
77

25

u^~O :- P^ "^\ `OU= h= =`" ` Jq+~


Ugx ` ~O P ` L<= `` W^O[Q` q+* `O
h #O_ D [Q` J<H ~`, H}` \Ok `~
=u+u h< L#k `^ J=< JQ z=~ [x^
|^^ Pk W= =^O |_Q Q `~ h< Ob`
" `Ok.
=O :- "^\ h= =`" U q+= O_ ^ ~O
L<=. h#O_ "q^O` _# D [Q` L^~OzOk. h<
HO`HO LO@Ok. z=~ =^O |_Q Z =^O<
=` JQ h< " `Ok.
"Y :- "^\ H = ` - H =K` # ~" # h" L<=. h
H< J#OQ =~g ^ . U "q ^ =^ . P `~` h#O_ D
[Q` - "q ^ O` _# [Q` - [_ K` < ` _# [Q`
L^~OzOk. h #O_ D [_ K` < ` _# [Q` ZO^
L^~OzOk? h J=~O HO - ^ h J#" HO D [Q`O `
$+O |_Ok. H = ` ~" # <, ~ ` ~ O_=^n O_
L# < U J=~<~? U J#" # H~O\#? x[OQ
<H J=~ =. U H~` - HiH=. H#H <Hg JH~^ .
Q <# P#O^ ~x. H#H <# U J#" # H~e# <
^ . =i JO\ < D [Q` ` <q \?
x[OQ <H P=~= ^ , Hx ~ $+H O|OkOz#,
q+ "# < xH " L<~. Jq HO`HO JK`# OQ
LO_ ~ - `y# =O ~Q< J#" H~ ~}x~.
J ~} x=@O = `y# J#" O^O^, H~ KO^
`y# H `x -J#= H `x - [Q` # $+O K<#. J~` P
$+ JO` << [~Q`#k. W [_K`<` _# $+
78

[iy`#k. =O^Q OK`<`. P `<`H `


~ * Q } JO#O_ * < O k 5, JO` H ~ } 4,
H~ Ok5, } 5 "`O 19 H ``` H s~O
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OpH~}
O KOk ` ` ~ , "\H ~H` ^ O,
D [Q` , K~K~= h $+O |_`<~.
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J#" O^@O [iy `O@Ok. W HO`HO $+H #y,
z=~ JO` <<" `#k. =~ Z\Q <# =`"
LO@<#. `Q - H = `Q LO_`<#.
D "`O ==~x J~O K H"O> =# =# Q~
`K O> i`Ok.
<# ~u _ <#. HO`\H x^\ O k. s~O JK`# OQ
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HiH =, H~ K e# J=~O ^ . J D O KO`
_ U O|O^O ^ . U J#" O^h ^ .
W U J=~= x < XH O KO - O KO
$+OK|_Ok. ZO^ $+OK|_Ok? <# W XH OKx
$+O Kx J#H^! =i ZO^ O K $+ [iyOk?
ZO^HO> < =# JO` =O^ K# PK#, Hi#
HiH O|OkOz Hx "#<~. 50, 60 " =Ok L#
"^O` L< K x, JO^~ < L< K @
H\x, < ZO^~ , t+ ` ~H"x, "~O` U#Q
g^ JOs H\ ## T~yOKx, << K x, Z<QO^
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79

PK#<~. P PK# =# =^Q _~. J"


"#. ~u x^~# `~` P "# =## ~ Oz
~ KQ\~. ^x` =# XH O Kx $+O zOk. J~` D
$+ JO` < |@ [~Q ^ . < =# [~Q`#k. J
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" O _ O # O g^ Pj#_ # #. Z^ ~ Q " [#O,
`O_`O _Q L<~. J#~ O Q L<e< #. J 11
~A [O ~~ Ok. x~ U#Q# ` Oz JOHiOz
JOs H\ O z T~yO U~@ K~. J QO@#~ T~yO
yOk. z=~ U#Q ki ~ Q `@
O ~OaOzOk. [#O K
K^~
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O K=O` ZH_ ~Ok. < =#< " ~Ok.
=iC_ O U#Q# ZH}O z `KO? H =,
ZH_ H#HKO? 50, 60 "=Ok [<x ^x` ` ~KO?
W=h <# _ H< =O^ ` ~ K @ <<? ^. Jq Jh
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~ = JO`" ~Ok.
JQ P`<# <# H =OQ "q ^ ~ `OQ ` =`OQ
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<# Z\Q P`Q - H =OQ - `=`OQ LO_`#.
80

=i OKO JO` << LO> < |@ L#@Q


Jx # ^q\? h= P`"` h LO@#k. h= *Q` ~+_Q
LO> h |@ LO@#k. ZQ` ~+_H O KO
|@ L#^ - Jkx[OQ *`Q` ~+_ L#^ - JQ
P`<# << D [Q` L#k. Jk L< < <# =`O P`Q
- z^#O^ ~ P`Q - ~ "H K` # OQ - `Q ` O. <# ZC_ P`< - W qK~} Qe. WOH < x[~O
ZO\` qK~} J#O`" # P`Q LO_O^ qK~} ^u .

II "` ` |`# k"O`


x`` ` |` # H`O` I
~` ` |` # =` O`
`^#O` qu" x[~ = II

26

u^~O :- (1) "` ` |` ~ `"Oz L# |"#


H~}O K` " < k JO` # J k JO`=O@ ^
(2) x`` `|` ZC _ LO_@=< |"# H~}OK`
H` #JO` HO JO`O^ (3) ~` ` |`
JO^i P`Q L# |"# H~}O K` =` # JO`
=~"# JO`O ^ `` "x[~O JO^=<
x[~O J#O`O Wu P J#O`=x LO_.
=O :- "HO J< |H~}O K` < k JO`O^ .
x` `=< | H~}O K` < HO JO`O^ . ~`
=O H~}OQ < =~"# JO`O _ ^. JO^=
<x[~O J#O`` O Jx LO_!
"Y :- D O KOx Jx == , q+ , ^, H,
= iK^ < 3 ~H iq`<~.
81

(1) ^ iK^O :- ^O JO> ^ O Jx. u == HO`


^ x PHqOKO@Ok. _=, "_ , Z`. 10 J_Q _=
L#n JO> 10 J_Q _=# ^ x PHqOK#n Jx.
11= J_Q P== LO_^ . JQ 2 J_Q "_ JO> 2
J_Q J=` ^O Jk LO_^ Jx. JQ ~`^O
H<=i #O_ Hj~=~ L#k. H<=iH W@ - Hj~
J@ ~`^ O ^ . JO> ~`^ iqu JO` =~H . JQ
~= ` U=< iqu LO^? ^ . Q = O`x qQ xH` iqu
(^ i K^O) LOkQx x~H~, x~} , ~ "H ~= ` iqu
^. ~=` JO`\ L<_. HO^, # =O_O JO`\
L<_. =O_xH P=<? JH_ L<_. ^=H<! JH_
L<_. J |O_O JO`\ L<_. =i |O_xH P=<
- JH_ L<_. H#H ~= ` "^ - z=~ JO@ =.
^iK^= ^. nxH H~}O ~=`H "H`O J<
H}". JO^H 'WO^Q_O^ _# O^= =^ KH
~Q` O_ Jx ^ _ K @O [iyOk. NH$+_ `#<@
|O_x K@Ox PO`~ O _ ~= ` ~ " _x |O_xH P=_ L<_x `e* \xH. H#H ~= `<#
< k JO`O^ .
(2) H iK^ O :- HO =~ ~H" # iq`e _`Ok. D
HO L# == =~ HO LO_^. D ~A L# =H
=~~A H#=~Q `_. ZO`\ Q~A< KH=~<
XH HO LO\~. =~ HO HxOK~ . z=~ H
^^# O=`~xH iqu LOk. QxH iqu LOk.
=QxH iqu LOk. HxH iqu LOk. z=~ $+H ~
| iqu LOk. Hx ~= ` =`O H iqu^ .
82

~= ` x`_, `_. H#H JxH Jx Q


LO_"_. H#H ~= `<# < HO JO`O^ . <# Jx
H LO_"}. <# x =O JO@^ .
(3) = iK^ O :- == H Q}# |\ iquO\~.
f J< Q}O KH~ LO@Ok, O LO@Ok. "H
LO_^ . q~H LO_^ . JO> f Hx == LO@Ok.
Hx == LO_^ . W^ = i K^ O . O`#H =#+
LO@Ok. [O`= LO@Ok. Hx ~ LO_^. W^
= i K^ O . Hx ~ "H" # ~= `, ~ =# JO`~`Q
LO_ ~= ` = i K^ O ^ . Jx == , Jx }
~= ` L<_. J=`! Q_H! ~ ` ` , D~
~ `<O $^ ~ # u+u . H#H ~= `<# < = ~" #
JO`O^ . ~} Ht# O O HxOK_ ~= `. ^ xH
U#Q#, =#, q+O#, =^O# JO`\ HxOK_.
nxx |\ ~= `<# < Uq^" # iq` =. <# J#O`_#
~"_#, ~O`~qx Jx x`= x~O`~= =#
K O _e. nx` qK~} i. Q~^= yOk. =yO "H#
`e*<_.

II U=O x~O`~ =k =x~k


*<y^Q H~} [# c[ I
Pq~ =x[ M# " H `$
| = ## qO= ^ =O `O II

27

u^~O :- U=O x~O`~ =k=` W x~O`~O =k


LO@#O^= x~k =#H `h `y~ H~}
[#c[ =m=m [# H~}= "#h *<y^Q
83

*#=< Jy ^Q" Pq~=< P`#u` [xOK


x[M#= UH`$ Mx O^` O`$ KOk# "_"
##O MOQ `O W h= WH_ |U= O= ^$ =O
|=Q< LO_`=. Wk xO.
=O :- D q^O Q x~O`~ =k LO@ L#O^= =#H
"# `h =ke `~. =m =m [#`\xH H=#
"# Jh *#=< Jy - <# P`# - |=# J<
xO ^Q" ~ P`# u< Mx O^` O`$
KOk#"_" ` O_ WH_ h= ~ |" J=`=.
"Y :- WO`=~ 16= HO #O_ K# qK~}=~x
P~Oz x~O`~O <# P`#x, P`O> |"#x, H#H<#
|=<#x xO HeQ O`=~ qK~} K J J#O`" #
|=Q xz=@" =k. =k JO> =|kJ x. JO>
|k H^O_, ~OQ, ZC_ P`< xez"e, P`Q<
LO_"e. J LO_@O ZC_ XHi `O K#C_,
Q~= z#C_H^. U^ XH~*, ^# K # C_HH x`=,
x~O`~= P |=#< xez"e. J xez"O>
qK~} K e. =O^Q [_K` < # q_Q\ Kz, `# [_" #
^x H^x, JQ [_", ^$"# }, =<, |^H^x,
g@xO\x `H< zu< <#x Q OKe. J x~O`~O qK~}
^~ <# zux Jx Q Oz, zu<# <# D ^Ok =<|^ #
H= HQ K<#x, "\ =$`# H=OQ Q=x<#x
H =# K e. D ^ ^ Qx, D [Q` Q x ` OH^x, Wq
zu<# < - P` <# < HeOK|_= x H#H q^ x x~O`~O
=# K e.
84

r=_ H *Q` + J< 3 J= , P J= x


r=_ J#" <# H = Hx Jx <=< ^Ok,
=<|^ "\ "\ ^~# x~iOK QQ`<x "\
=$` # <# `O@<#x J`H< < U J=
= x $ + , u , h < H e OK | _ # " # x < #
^H = i K^ x ~ "H ~O`~q <# ~= `#x
Pk =^O` ~ `_#, J#O`_# Jx x`=, x~O`~= qK~}
K O > |k x[u - P` u xez`Ok. J xez =@"
=k. O^ , OH fi~ `# ^ =<|^ "~ #
P`#x - JO`\ L# |=#x Q Oz ^Ok=<|^ `
W\ =~Q `^`x iQ q_z_` r==O iQ
JO`"#>. J^*<y. P *<y = H~, "#
@" `~. JO> P`Q - |=Q L# "xH "#O_
H ^ . D "# uiy [# c* H#H "# ~^~ `
WH [# c*#>. H#H [# ^ . D [#~`" "HO .
J^ r=#H. '<# J< r=_#O` =~H uiy @H LO@Ok.
J r=_ O_ ` @H LO_^ . D u |k x"O>
q+ ^~ =K P#O^O H# P`< P#O^x O^e. J
P`#O^O JO^`#Hn P` =iO` ^Q~`_. `#
P`H#"~ Q LO__ . z=~ P`Q< LO_`_. J, h=
WH_ - rqOz LO_Q< |" J=`=, Jx Q~= Pj~^O
JOk<_.
WH t+x u -

II W`O y~ q= ~ Y ^`
"KQ~i=k `d O I
t+=k ij# fH k=
*< YO_` " Y q+^" ` II
85

28

u^~O :- W`O D H~OQ ~ Y ^` ~= Mx


HeyOK Q~ Q~=H q= x~"# "Ky~
=`"# " ^~ q=k` Q =kOK|_#
JdO Jx O fi# "_# t+ t+_
=ki j# fH}
k=*# J =k^~ ijeOz Ok#
k=*# =< ^ <# HuK ` " Y q+^= O~=< q+=$Hx
YO_` P ` YO_Oz# "_ _.
=O :- DH~OQ ~= M ^# Q~=H x~"#
=`=# "^~ ~ O fi~#"_# t+_
=k ^~ ijeOz Ok# ^<# k=*#=< Y_O K`
YO_OK|_# O~ q+=$HO Q "_ _.
"Y :- O~ ~ Q~O =xy ^M # XH<H
t+_ ~[# H$`O K` Q~=# gOz `# D O~ ^
M# QiOz K g! D O~ =^x O Q `iOK
LO K =x iOK_. ^x` Q~= t+x H iH `#,
J\H J`_ =Oz ^ _x, QiOz, \Q P` qK~} =~x
L^t OK_. 16= HO #O_ 26= HO =~ Q 11 H
D qK~} Z K =~x, Lx zOK_. ''J~`Q
t+_ x~O`~ P` qK~}` =k JO K `# ~O
U^ `Hx, JO^ ~ O Q xez O^ ^# K =
H~ |O^, [# H~}"# "# *#=< Jy ^Q" WH_
- rqOz LO_Q< ~ =Q - ~= `Q LO_ `_ Jx
_ Q~= t+xH J<^ O Q k Pj~kOK_.
D Q~"H# ^` H` q<_ t+_. Q~=@
JKOK qO Q t+_ P Q~"H# ~= Y^Q
qOK_. `# H = O~ ^M# `yOz, `
86

JYO_ P#O^x kOKQ =x qOK_. W qOK\xH


H~}O Jq =`= # " Q#H. Q~= P "
"#H ## H~x J#= ~HOQ Q Oz `# L^t < _x
`<_. P Q~"H ^~ `#~ O^ fi ~#q.
P` *<x kOKO> Q~= O~ * #= LO_e,
J#= *#= LO_e. x rq`xH J#~Oz K Q<~ ,
F~ LO_e. "H `~xH JO^e. JQ PK~}
J#OH"e. `# J#= O P "H ` O H"e. JC_
t+x ~ O^ f~k. J~` t+xH f=l* LO_e. Q~H ,
^ LO_e.
[Q` q^ Jx " HO. Hx [Q` H x # k Q^! Jx
O^ O. `~ O H~O Pz Q~_" _ KOK == Hx <
LO@Ok. Hx Jk ` O H^ Q^ - WH J#= O q+
xH =
H Hx < L#k Q^! Hx # ^xx, ` =x HQO@#O`
qOK^xx =#O `O JO@<=? ^. JO> H
KK"_#O` =~ ` O. PKK"_ J^$O HQ< H=`
J^$O. W u, H, J#" ^~ qK~}K ~ O^
=O.
J~` Q~"H# H =O qO> K^. "\x =##OK e.
xk^ # K e. x~O`~ P` qK~} K e. J K =k
` ^~ #OH"e. P`#< ^$ _ =# HQe. ZC_` `# P`#<
xOHeyO^ r==O =ke `Ok. L^ `^`O =ke
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`# =`" LO\_. ^x` O~ |O^< `y `~.
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JYO_ P#O^Q~ _=`_. J^ r=#H - =#=[# Ki`~O .
W =_ # ^ _ UO K_ ? J`_ =# u Z LO@Ok?
87

II #O^= u` i[~`
J ~ ## HOH `OQ I
t+ Q^ ^ ="K Q~O $}aO
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29

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Q#H J`_ H _ H^. H J#@O J` ". J`_ U=~
x ~ "H P` -~= `.
=i ^ h Z=iH KOk#q?

II ^ H Q` U=# H} "
^ H} H^O "` ^ I
^ = #O <K
< `# W ^$+`
#"K II

36

u^~O :- ^ J ^ _ H Q` U= HxH
KOk#" H}
" H< # < # (^ ) = ^ H}

^# Q=xOK H ^ H^O "` P^O Z
_`Ok? = Q_x ^ ^ J#O< ` ^
#O^# W WH_ `< ` ^xH `^ # =#
^$+`
+O Q `# O^# #"K "kOK`Q ^ .
=O :- ^ _ HxH KOk#". H< # < ^ <q
LO_=. ^# Q=xOK H<# < ^ Z _`~?
Q_x ^ U^ H#_# O^= WH_ ^ `^ . =#
+O Q `# O^# "kOK `Q^ .
102

"M :- ^~}OQ O KOx == #, q+ #


WOk KO\~, qO@O\~, `O\~. W
`H< WOk H. P K_|_ q+ H O. q+
Z< ^ O\~. _Q \, = #O, Z~ #, =Oz
K_ ... W. J~` D =~h HxH KOk#"Qx g\x KK
- `H< HH (WOk) KOk#q H=. JO> ^
WOk =.
WH WOk Z< ^ ` LO\~. H#Kx "~ . Kq
Kx"~ . W XHH\ XH~HO Q xK O k. JQ XH WOkO
XHC _ Q xKO k. WC_ JO`Q xK H =K. =~H
=xH J x K H=K. W WOk Z< ^
LO\~. WO`=O^ WOk# HQ K ^ =x
K @O [iyOk Q^! ~ O_ =@ ` Z\ ^~`Ok?
x[OQ WOk WH_ H xH KOk#q. HH ^. "\x
KK - `H< P` K` # " H. H#H ^ WOk
LO\~ Hx H< # < (P`) =. H#H ^ h HxH
KOk#" (^$xH KOk#") Qx ^+< # - H< # - P`<# <
U=~, ^ =. ^ # KK< ^ LO\~?
H OQ K_|_ ^OQx, WOkQx, =# JO^x PK#Qx, |k - JO^x HiHQx W=h KK
H H# "~ # q. P H
|k ue Oz# ` - z` HO
P` K` # O. J\ P`<# < ^ O_ J=H" ^ . x[OQ
H ^ O> Jq Q_x ^ _ HxOKe. Q_ x^ P`
K` # OQ (h=) L<"? "? =x KO^ g ^ . ZO^HO>
'~u <# #O_ - `~ @\H =K# Jx U z"_< J#Q_?
H#H Q_x^ _ zu L#^x JOwHiOKe. =i JC_ zu
103

=~ U"< L<? Ug=. JO> ^~O Q zu U^


=. zu ^ Q#H LO> + P ^O_e. zux
J~Oz LO_e. Hx JC_ U J[_ PO^# PK#
Y ^M x P` =`" L#k. H#H H ^ =.
D q+ O =# ~E `< L#k. J#= =`< L#k.
W J#= ==` L# q+ x `iOKe# x ^ H^!.
K # =@<, Z=~< K # =@< J~` =#O
Jk x[=? H^? =O[=? H^? Jx ijeOKe. J^ =#
J#= O J~` J Jq+ x O^ OKe# < ^ . JO^H
t+_ JO@<_ Wk +O Q `e#^. `~ OZO^? Jx. JO>
H ^ O_= J<k xO^ O.
WO` =~ t+x J#" x qO@# Q~= `~ |^O Q
O K q^`x x~ < ~.

II qO ^`ku H~H~` `
^ ` q^~`O `^ I
`~` ~A [Q^ ^` `
` ` `i^= ~Kk`` O II
37
u^~O :- H~ H~` ` H~H~} O|O^ `~ O H~O
U`` qO D O KO `W u `H ^ - x[" Hx, J` O
^x `x W ^~ `O WH_ x~OK\xH k `^
XH " uOK"? `i JC_ ~A [Q` J `_
HxOz# =_ |` D `~ |O` ` ` `
J=`Ok (x[" J=`Ok) ` `` ` =Jx KO>
W^O Wk JKk`` O Z\H x"iO |_~^ Jx P
^ K|`~.
104

=O :- H~H~} O|O^ `~ O H~O D O KO `H ^


Jx ^x `x x~OK\xH XH " uOK"? JC_ `_
HxOK =_ D `~ |O = ` " J=`Ok. ` = Jx
KO> Jk Z\H x"iO|_~^ Jx ^ K|`~.
"Y :- D HOx == QiOz =\_@
C_ H~H~}
O|O^= < `~ O XH\ L#k. H~O JO> HxOK == . H~}O
JO> ^xH P^~" # == .
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#Q |OQ~O ` =~gH^. W^ H~H~} O|O^O JO>. D
`~x L yOz J#O` ` "# ~= ` #O_ =z# O KO
_ `# x K \xH gO^? ^ . D "^# J~~ `O.
ZO^HO> P x[OQ D <= ~`H OKO H=
~=` #O_ =zO^? H^. = (q+ "#) H
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J`. W ` J` H~H = =zOk Q#H H~H~} O|O^O
H~O OKO ` J` ~O_ Jx Ke. ~O_ ~~
q~^" # q Q#H 'q^ J<~. JO> = L#O`=~ Hx O k
Q#H '` . = `y` J^$=`Ok Q#H J`. W O Kx
` J` JxQx. `H ^ J`H ^ Jx Qx Ke =z#O^#
q^ J<~. JO> K"_#O`HO HxOk K"_
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` Jx Kg^ .
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2 "^ QiOz =#O `H"e. J^ 1. i}="^O, 2.
q=~" ^O - Jx.
105

1) i}="^O :- L# J == iQ =i~ =~H


~OQ ` ~ H=@O. =\ O_Q=@O ~Q H=@O
|OQ~O #Q H=@O. D "^O J == ~O =iOk.
JO> J == < LO@Ok. =i# == < LO@Ok. U^
XH>. OKO W U~_^. ZO^HO> ~=` OQ
O KOQ =i` WC_ O KO =`" LO@Ok. ~= `
LO_ g^ .
2) q=~" ^O :- L# J == L#k L#@ JQ LO_,
=~H q^O Q KK"_H HxOK@O. `_ =Q HxOK@O.
Z_i ZO_=qQ HxOK@O. "_ ^ OQ HxOK@O.
=` zx h\aO^= "O_Q HxOK@O. D "^O
J == U=~ O_ L#k L#@ JQ LO_ `Ok.
J^ =O KK"_ ^$+x |\ =~H q^O Q Hx O k. JO>
= =~H == Q Hx < J == U_H^ . Jk
Z\Q JH_ LO@Ok. O KO U~_Ok WQ. ZO^HO>
O KO Hx # \H ~= `_ `#^~ ~O LO_<
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D "^x J#iOz ~=` OKOQ =#
= HQ`#k. ZQO> pH\ _ L# `_ =# =Q
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= `_ ` =~gH^ - Jx JOwHiOKe. JQ =#
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x[" D O KO = ## r=_H . = =^e# r=_H P`# u<Ok# "xH Wk ~= `. ~ ` J`_H ~= `
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J~` ~= ` `H ^ ! =i ~= ` #O_ =z# O KO


_ `< ? W x~OKx u U==`Ok?
`_ x["# k Q#H `_= HxOK = _ x["# ^
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^x , JH_ `_ =`" ZC_ L#^x `e`Ok. H#H
= ` `O ^ . J Jk ZC_ x^. HH` pH\
L#C_ =`O L#@ = HeyOk. W XHC_ HxOz
=~HC _ HxOKx ^xx ` J<g^ . Jk q^ . JQ `_
'` . ^xx h= K_#C_ _ Jk JH_ L#k.
nxx |\ D OKO _ ` H^. Wk q^. nxx
K# C_ _ ` O H^. JQ nxH P^~" # ~= `
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"xH Q~= =^#O Uq\? -

II H ^$y^O [Q^ =^` z`^


PH~ #qu $+ =` =O I
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38

u^~O :- J F~! ` Pk PH~ #O ` z`


" II# PH~ O x [Q ` O K O H ^ $ y^ O =^ W u
107

ZH#_`#^ KCJx $+=` =O J_Q|_#<


`` `~ O HO? J Wu h =^#OUq\? Jx J_y` `=
h =Ou <#O_, =#OU=``~O =u =#"
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K =x J_Q| _# < 'h =^#O Uq\? JO> <#O_ h
=#" =^#O J=`Ok. =~_ ! " .
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=i JO\ `Hx - PH~Ox OKO WO` +OQ Z
Hx # ^ K =x t+ Q~=x t~ . ^xH =^#OQ
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P^uH*#O U=`O x =#_ J D " _.
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q^=`=x, ^xH ` `O ^x `#C_ "iH O^ O
HQ`Ok. ` `O x, PH~O x O KO WO` +O Q Z
Hx#k? Jx. S` WO\ O^O ~O^x t+
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`_ HxOK = ``O L#^? J~< +OQ


K
_` O Q^!. JQ "_ HxOK ^ xH ` `O
L#^? Hx +O Q K
_` O Q^!
Z_i }O K "_H ^ H J~` `# ^Q~ # h~
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J JQ H# O k. ^Q~ "oK JH_ h~O_^ . Hx
^~OQ h~#@ Hx O k. J J`_ ZO` ^~O "o< ^Q~
h~ HxOK^ , ^~OQ =`O Hx < LO@Ok. =i P h~
` =? H^. J^ 'ZO_=q JO\~. Hx ^ HQ# "_H h~#@
+O Q Hx O k. Z Hx # k?
JQ =` z "O_ L#@ Hx O k. ^Q~ "o
K h\ @. ~HOu ^x| _ "O_ "~O k. JH_
"O_ x[OQ L#^? ^ Q^!
W Z< L^~} x[OQ H ~< L#@ Hx O >
D O KO x[OQ H ` Z Hx # k? Jx t+_ J_y`
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=~ J_y` =~_ ! =#"h <=^#O. " JO@<_.
WC_ =~ `eqQ J_Q`<_ t+_.
= `ey` = HxOK^Q^! =i*xH D OKO
H#|_ O_ `O^? Jx - t+x .
^xH Q~= =^#O

II *<y ^Q= u [Qkz`O


K^x ==`q+^` I
`< " q=k` `^=u
kQ`^ == K`^^`# `` II
109

39

u^~O :- K ` ^ x = =` u^ x QiOz = ##
"xH q+ ^` ^xQiOz iQ k ` < kQu"
^x= u^ x = q=k` `y`Ok J J~#\H
`^ U=u Jk Z qx < LO@O^, `^ ` JQ [Q`
D O K= *<y ^QO J *<y ^Q" # \H ==
< qz`O u P~H~O Q H#_ `< LO@Ok J```
#` JO^= Jk x[OH^.
=O :- u^x QiOz =_# "xH ^xx QiOz iQ
`e* , Pu^ x H = # `yOz#\H ZQ` WOH
Jk qx < LO@O^ JQ D [Q` # QiOz# = *<y
^Q" # \H qz`OQ D [Q` H#|_`< LO@Ok. S< Jk
x[OH^.
"Y :- O KO q^ Jx, ^~O Q < ^x ZQ` pH\
`_ =Q = Q`O^ JQ J*#O L#O` =~
~= ` O KOQ = Q`O^h h K|`<~.
JO`H^. "`~ = W\ =~ HxOz# = J^$" ZQ`
`OQ L#`_ =`" HxO^ JQ *#O xe#
=`xH - r=#x H J*#O L#C_ HxOz# D [Q`
J^$" J ` "# ~= ` =`" Hx O k - Jx _
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J D O KO H#|_^? JO> H#|^`< LO@Ok. ZO^H
H#|_`Ok? Jx J_Q "iH Q~= WH_ =^#O W< ~.
XH KH x L=#O` t+ O^ x f~< ~.
[#OK~O x HO_O` =#O Q#H ^Q H H"
J^H H uiy =m =m u^ xO k. =#=@ uiy uiy =#
110

qx O > Wk H$ u ^O Q =K u^ x Jx `ex z#
Qx, J=Qx U=#O\~O> JH_ HO_K@# Z=~
LO_ =#=@<, =#O K# < "~ uiy K<~x
= _ ` LO\~. `e#"~ "iH #K* , Wk u^ x Jx,
Jk H$ u [=x H~}OQ `e* qO\~, #=`~,
= Q@ O\~. J = Q@H# "iH _ |O K
uiy u^ x q#|_`< LO@Ok. h= = Q@ < H$ u
H [H}
O ZH_H ^.
O KO q+ O _ JO`.
D O KO Z U~_Ok. q+ "# (=) H ~}`
~= ` H~O` D O KO U~_Ok. == - =#O_
U~_# D O KO P = =O L#O`HO LO@Ok. JO>
q+ "##O` =~ LO@Ok. J~` D OKOx
r=O^~ "i "i =+"# H~}OQ PK# K,
`^# Q}OQ H~ K , `` e `OQ aOK Y^M ##q ,
D OKO iq, _`, K LO\~. J~` U
J^$+= O`_ Z<[# H$` K Hx LO> XH ^ ~ =#
P~Oz, P`*<x Ok, @^` ^# K, =
H~ |O^< #O_, "# #O_ `iOz, =Hx O^`_. ^x
H~}OQ J`_x "#h #tOz`~. [# H~}"#
c*h #tOK@O = [# O_ `Ok. JO> J`_ "#h
#tOz =@O x[". JO` =`# q+ "# #tOK=Q^! U
q+ "# = D O KO $+O K|_O^ P q+ "##O`
=~ D OKO #tOK^ Q^! H#H OKO `x iQ
LO@Ok. J`_H HxOk. JO> *xH HxOk. J*xH
Hx O k. HH` "i ^$+ `_.
=#_ D OKx `OQ q_. WH_ ^iH
111

==^~ q+ ^~ Q^~ P#O^x O^#


O\_. "\ HO `O K_ . e YO. e OKH `
^YO. Hx P`*x H ^$+ "~ . J`_H HxOK D O KO
~ #"# \k . (1) Q~_ "x Kux == =O\k. (2) h\
HxOK + i ` =$HO H u aO|O =O\k. (3) =
|O =O\k.
(1) Q~_" x Ku H _| LO@Ok. ^xx Kz =#O Z
""O KO^" P _| ZO^ xH ~x^#x Z Q Oz
xiO Q LO\" JQ D O KO _ ZO^ xH ~x^xQ
q~ . U =`O = _~ .
(2) ` ` L# =$Hx K ZO` P#O^O. "\x
HH"< HiH LO@Ok. Hx J^=$HO h\ uaOa JO^
_ P , Hx~. Hx "\x HH"x J#H~.
ZO^HO> "\x H\xH g^ . u#\xH xH~=. JQ
D O Kx *x xiO Q ^i_ .
(3) =# K JO^~
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JKO =Q LO@Ok. ^xx Kz =#_
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`e#"_ P_O\_. JQ *x D OKO` P_O@
qOQ LO_`_. `# P#O^ ~_ Q#H P#O^O H~
O K" K__ . H#H O KO HxOz< =x H D O KO
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II qO[, `^`[ `K"


`O "q `` uQ} =#O` I
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112

u^~O :- qO[ qx h\# ``J `[ ^xx


_ Jy# ``K " =i^xx "=# `O "q
^xx PHO# ``uQ} ^xx uQ}`H"#
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< O* it+O qyeL# JYO_ Oq` #O^~ O
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JO J^~" <# WC_ ~q< #.
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PHO#, ^xx uQ}`H =` J#O`" , i~" #
< O* qye L# JYO_, *# ~ P`#O^x
J#= OQ Ok <# WC_ WH_ ~q L<#.
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Jk *xH _ Hx#\H ^xx U=`O \ OKHO_
Q~_" _ KOK == Q, h\ uaOaOz# =$HO Q, =
|OQ, J`#x QOz, J#O` P`#O^x O^`<
LO\_ Jx HO^\ HO KC <O. J~` J J`_H Z
^ ==`#^ H~}OQ D HO q=~} W# k. JO> O Kx
K _ P`#O^x Z J#q OKQ Q`<_?
O KO J<k |, ~, ~, ~, QO^< J~^ q+ `
_Hx L#k. "\x `O, `H, K, ~#, } J< 5
WOk ^~ Q Oz r=_ J#" xH `K O@<_, D
O Kx y< _. W J#" xH `K H"O> WOk
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q^O =~ L# KH#O_. Uq\ KH? ZH_O\~?
u =x+ <_ == LO@Ok. "^_ x <_H O^O #O_
q~< ==O =~ "# J<H Z=H JeH` LO@Ok. D
113

"## P~OKHx ^ #OQ +=<_ Jx ^ # <_


LO@Ok D + = <_ |~O^O =~ LO@Ok. nx< |<_,
"H<_ Jx _ JO\~. D += <_ Q^#O
=^~ KHO, eOQ#O k#KHO, <a#O =} ~H
KHO, $^#O J<`KHO, HO~#O q^KHO,
=^O P*KHO Jx +@HO\~. WH |~O^O=^
(|#O) ~ KHO LO@Ok. W^ ~= `#O.
D # ~# KH "^\ 5 KH = - =^~,
k#, =}~, J<`, q^ KH= WOk
q+ # Q OK H =# k.
WOk D KH = Hx Ok q+ #Q Oz `^~
r=_ D O K "" =xy O^ Hi< ~.
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WOk.
(2) k# KHO [`` O Qk. H#H ~zK Hx <H
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(5) q^ KHO PH `` O Hk. H#H q<H x KqH WO k.
W 5 KH 5 WOk 5 q+ # Q OKH x# q.
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WOkxQ O - "~ QO.
114

=#=_ `#x P`#O^x O^O> WOk


q+xH O_ xQOKe. W^ WOkxQO. P`
H`~x Ok, P`#O^x J#q OK#H< ^ _ `#
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S` Uq\ ^# ? 2 ~H ^# <~ Jq 1. Q ^# , 2. *# ^# . =^~ KHO O_eh H
LO@Ok. Jk 2 = XH^x HH\ #" Hx K@K @Hx
=_KHx _ #@Q LO@Ok. J^ r=_. D O_eh Hx
HkeOK@" ^# . =^~Ox O_ex H ^# ^~ Hke
H=OQ k# KHx, Jk^\ =} ~K Hx, ^xx JkQq Oz
J<`x, ^xx ^\ q^x Ki, JH_#O_ P*K HxH K~e.
nx< KH^#O JO\~. JO> O_eh H XHH KHx
kOKO@ "@O J#=@. W O_eh H KH^#O
K O@ "O> =O^ O_eh Hx HkeOKe. ^xH 2
~H^#.
1. Q^# :- "<=H +=<_ LO@O^x
KC <O. ^xH W~" W_ OQ J< 2 <_O\~. Wq
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" \e. JC_ P += <_ Q^#O =^ L# =^~
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^ ~ = =^ ^` =}O K =##, xk ^# K L O>
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K O@ `Ok. Wk *# =~ ^# .
115

Z=~` J~` Qey# t+_ Q~=*, Q~^qx, Q~


=HO ^#K LO\_ J`_x O_ehH =^~O
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KHOx `` O k#Ox [ `` O " `Ok.
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``x b#OKH# [``O =}~Ox Jy ``O
b#==`Ok. W^ q [O [O Jy b#O H=@O. WC_
O_eh H Hke J<`O K~@O` Jy``O J<`Ox
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O` "`` O
H q^Ox PHO " `Ok. W XHH`O
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q^x ^\ P*KHO Ki#C_ D PHO uQ}`H"#
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(r=_) "tOK@O JO> =#` ~Ok
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