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Lesson Overview
13.2 Ribosomes and Protein
Synthesis
Lesson Overview
Lesson Overview
DNA strand
TRANSCRIPTION
RNA
TRANSLATION
Codon
Polypeptide
Amino acid
Lesson Overview
Lesson Overview
Lesson Overview
Ribosomes
and the
Protein
Synthesis
Lesson Overview
Virtually
all organisms
share
same
genetic
code.
Second Base
C
UUU
UUC
UUA
UUG
CUU
CUC
CUA
CUG
AUU
AUC
ile
AUA
AUG met (start)
ACU
ACC
ACA
ACG
GUU
GUC
GUA
GUG
GCU
GCC
GCA
GCG
phe
leu
leu
val
UCU
UCC
UCA
UCG
CCU
CCC
CCA
CCG
A
ser
UAU
UAC
UAA
UAG
pro
CAU
CAC
CAA
CAG
thr
AAU
AAC
AAA
AAG
ala
GAU
GAC
GAA
GAG
G
tyr
stop
stop
his
gln
asn
lys
asp
glu
UGU
UGC
UGA
UGG
CGU
CGC
CGA
CGG
AGU
AGC
AGA
AGG
GGU
GGC
GGA
GGG
cys
stop
trp
arg
ser
arg
gly
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
Third Base
First Base
Lesson Overview
For example:
Leucine:
Threonine:
Lesson Overview
Lesson Overview
DNA
Transcription
RNA
Translation
Polypeptide
Lesson Overview
Translation
The sequence of nucleotide bases in an mRNA
molecule is a set of instructions that gives the
order in which amino acids should be joined to
produce a polypeptide.
Ribosomes use the sequence of codons in mRNA
to assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains.
Translation is the process of decoding the mRNA
message into a protein/polypeptide chain.
Lesson Overview
Hydrogen bond
Anticodon
Figure 10.11A
Lesson Overview
Anticodon
Figure 10.11B, C
Lesson Overview
Steps in Translation
Translation begins when a ribosome attaches to
an mRNA molecule in the cytoplasm.
Lesson Overview
Steps in Translation
1. The mRNA moves
through the ribosome
one codon at a time.
2. The tRNA pairs with
each codon, adding an
amino acid to the
growing polypeptide
chain.
3. A STOP codon causes
the ribosome to release
the mRNA.
Lesson Overview
Growing
polypeptide
tRNA
molecules
P site
A site
Growing
polypeptide
Large
subunit
tRNA
P
mRNA
binding
site
mRNA
Codons
mRNA
Small
subunit
Figure 10.12A-C
Lesson Overview