Global Growth of Tourism Revision

Worldwide tourism has grown a lot in the last 50years.

Add as many reasons why to the spider diagram below

Economic

Social
Worldwide growth
in tourism
Environmental

Exam tip
Make sure you can
EXPLAIN & LINK
these ideas to get
maximum marks

Key words
Mass tourism
Package holiday
Long haul
Tourism

Make sure you can

describe graphs/
charts that show
this increase

Event and specialist tourism

Event tourism
This is all about encouraging tourists to
come to specific events (sporting, cultural
or historical):
2005 Germany- Football world cup
meant 20 million extra tourists visited
Germany
2009 Scotland- Homecoming
encouraged people with Scottish
connections to come home and
celebrate
2010 South Africa- Football World Cup
2012 London- what impact could the
Olympics have for London?

Specialist tourism
This is when holidays are based on a particular
interest or activity:
Wilderness holidays- to places like Alaska or
Antarctica, or to National Parks like Yosemite
(USA) or Mount Fuji (Japan)
Fair trade tourism- in South Africa an award is
available for activities which help local
communities
Adventure tourism- New Zealand has lots of
adventure activities such as bungee jumping,
white-water rafting and mountain biking
Cultural and historical tourism- seeing historical
and cultural sights such as those in Egypt, China,
India or Peru

Think: which examples of Event and Specialist tourism have you studied in class? Make sure
you learn them for the exam!
Now try this exam question: Using an example(s), suggest reasons for the growth of
specialist holidays in less developed countries (4 marks)
Remember: It asks for an example! Make sure you include one (or more). You dont need a
lot of detail about the example itself- this questions is asking you to focus on the reasons for the
growing popularity of these places.

Benefits of tourism in MEDCs

Provides jobs in rural

areas where there may
be few other
opportunities, especially
for young people.

Regeneration of
deprived areas, e.g.
Liverpool in 2008 as a
City of Culture.

Tourism gives the UK

and international
reputation for
heritage and culture,
and a good image.

Tourism was
worth over 85
billion to the UK
economy in 2007

Benefits of
tourism for
the UK

Protection for the

environment, as
tourists want to visit
unspoiled areas like
National Parks.

Contact between
different cultures and
countries increases
understanding.

Employs more than 2

million people in the
UK. Thats about 1 in
every 30 people!

Interest in cultural
venues pays to keep
them open for local
people to enjoy too.

Now try this exam question: Explain how tourism has brought benefits to a more developed
country you have studied. (6 marks)
Remember: 1-2 marks for a BASIC answer, 3-4 for a CLEAR answer and 5-6 for a DETAILED
answer. Can you use your example to give the detail needed for top marks?

NationalParksandconflicts

NationalParksareareasofoutstandingnaturalbeautythatarepreservedand
protectedagainstdevelopmentbygovernmentlaw.

Aims:
Topreservethenaturalbeautyofthearea
Toencourageenjoymentofnationalparksbythepublic

CaseStudyTheLakeDistrict

The Lake District receives 12

Million people every year
Of those, 10 million people are
day trippers
The Lake District is home to
42, 000 people

WhydopeoplevisittheLakeDistrict?
EscapefromtheCity
BeautifulScenery
Walking,MountainClimbing,Canoeing,CulturalTourism,Cycling
Camping.

WhatisaHoneyPotSite?AHoneyPotsiteisaplaceofnaturalorhistoricalinterestthatattracts

peopleinlargenumbers.

AnexampleofaHoneyPotSiteis:LakeWindermere:
ItsFeaturesare:
picnicsitesandcarparks
boatingonLakeWindermere
campingandcaravansites,hotelsandcafes
viewpointsacrossLakeWindermere
NationalParktouristinformationcentre
theLakeDistrictsonlycarferry

WhataretheconflictsintheLakeDistrict?
More houses become holiday
homes means there are less
locals to sustain communities
and schools
Slow
moving
caravans at
peak times

Air pollution
created by
visiting cars

Conflicts in rural
areas
Farmland
becomes
damaged
by walkers

Towns have more

tourist shops and
less shops for
locals

Visitors buying
second homes
pushing up house
prices for locals

Who has conflict with who???

Young
Couple

National
Park
Ranger

Builder

Old Lady

National
parks

Gift Shop
Owner

Rambler (walking
tourist)

Canyouaddthesetoyourconcept
map?
bringscongestiontothevillage
ruiningthenaturalbeautyofthe
area
attractingtouristsandnot
servinglocalneeds
buyinghousessolocalscannot
affordto
buildingdevelopmentsfor
tourists
attractingtouristsandnot

servinglocalneeds
exploitingthenaturalbeautyof
thearea
buildingworkandroadsare
ruiningthenaturalenvironment
attractingmoretouristsandnot
servingthelocalpeople

TourismManagement:

TheLakeDistrictNationalParkAuthority(LDNPA)hasadutytoensurethat
tourismissustainable.
Theiraimisto:

Theaimofsustainabledevelopmentistouseresourcesinawiser,fairerandmore
balancedway.
Thequalityofpeople'slivesandthestateofourcommunitiesisaffectedbya
combinationofeconomic,socialandenvironmentalfactors.Thesefactorsare
interlinkedanditisimportantthatouractionsshowpositivebenefitsforallthree,
notjustfortoday,butforfuturegenerationsaswell.

Managing tourism in the Lake District

How is tourism managed in the Lake District?
separate trails for improved public transport
mountain-bikers
ban of second homes
promotion of timeshare
holiday homes, e.g.
Great Langdale holiday
homes
screening of car
parks and industry
by planting trees

park-and-ride
schemes

speed restrictions on the

lakes, e.g. 10 mph on
Lake Windermere

traffic restrictions

limited car parking

repair of stone walls
and eroded footpaths
e.g. footpath repair at
Dollywagon Pike

Select 3 ways of managing tourism in the Lake District

and discuss their advantages and disadvantages.

Likelyexamquestions

ThenumberofvisitorstoNationalParksintheUKhasincreasedinthelast20years.
Suggestwhy.(5Marks)

StudyFigure7ontheinsert.Figure7givesinformationaboutTheBroads.
TourismisgoodforlocalbusinessesinTheBroads.
Suggestwhy.(5Marks)

Touristactivitiescancauseconflicts.
Describewaysinwhichconflictshavebeenmanagedinatouristhoneypotthatyou
havestudied.(5Marks)

SustainableTourism

KeyWordsandDefinitions:

Sustainable:
Meetingtheneedsofthepresentpopulationwith
damagingtheenvironmentforfuturegenerations
Indigenous:
Naturallyoccurringinaparticularplace
Ecotourism
Holidaysthatdolittleornodamagetothenatural
environmentandlocalcommunity
CorporateResponsibility
Howacompanymanagesitsimpactonthelocal
environmentandcommunity

KeyFeaturesofLapaRios:

Solarpanelstoheatthewater
Buildings(Ecolodgeandaccommodation
huts)madefromlocallysourcedwood
Localpeopleemployed
Foodsourcedlocallyandmadebylocalsina
traditionalstyle
Touristsareeducatedbyalocalguidetolearn
aboutthelocalenvironment
Touristsvisitlocalcommunityprojectslike
schools
Recyclingandcomposting
Walkwaysraisedfromthefloormadefrom
naturalmaterialspreventssoilerosionofthe
delicateforestfloor
ExamQuestions:

1. Describethekeyfeaturesofanecoresort

2. Definethetermsustainabletourism

3. Foranamedexample,explainhowtourism
canbedevelopedinasustainableway

4. Howdoecotourismprojectbenefitthelocal
community?

CaseStudyLapaRios,CostaRica
AnecoresortinCostaRica,blendinginwiththelocal
environment

ActivitiesfortouristsatLapaRios
1.Wakeuptothehowlermonkeyscalloutsideyourocean
viewbungalow.
2.Goforahikewithoneofourlocalguidesandfinishupby
refreshingyourselfinthenaturalpoolsunderawildwaterfall.
3.SeesomeCostaRicanCulturewhileyouvisitthelocalSchool
andplayfootballwiththelocalchildrenduringbreak.
4.Eatdeliciouslocalmeals.
5.LearnaboutwildcatsintheOsaPeninsulaasyousetupa
cameraintherainforestwithanexpert.
6.Haveaprivateoutdoorshowerofyourbungalowsdeckwhile
watchingtheScarletMacawsflyby.
7.GoonourcomplimentaryPigs,TwigsandGarbageTourand
learnaboutSustainabilityatLapaRios.
8.Experiencethenighttimesoundsoftherainforestwhile
sleepinginaplatforminthemiddleofourreserve.

InCostaRica,theLapaRiosEcoResortisanexample
ofEcotourism.Tourismhasbeendeveloped
sustainablybyblendinginwiththelocalenvironment
andallowingthelocalcommunitytobenefit.The
resortbuildingsaremadefromlocalnaturalsources
suchaswoodandpalmsothattheyblendinwiththe
naturalrainforestenvironment.Thedelicateforest
floorisprotectedfromerosionbyhavingwalkways
builtfromwoodabovetheforestfloor.
Environmentallysustainablemethodsareusedto
preservethenaturalenvironment,suchasrecycling
ofrubbish,compostingandusingsolarpanelstoheat
theshowerwater.Thelocalcommunitiesbenefit
fromtourismaspeopleareemployedintheeco
resortaslocalguidestoeducatetouristsaboutthe
wildlife,ecosystem,andlocalculturesandtraditions.
Allfoodintherestaurantsaresourcedfromlocal
farmerssothewholecommunitybenefits.

Things to do:
Canoeing,
Whale
watching,
Animal Trails,
Swimming
and
Massages

Tree
Houses

School
trips to
teach
children

Uses
rainwate
r

Lapa
Rios

Does not
damage
the
wildlife

Solar
panels
to create
power

Compost
s and
recycles
all waste

Gives
local
people
jobs

Costa Rica Eco-tourism capital of the

world
More than 10% of the land in Costa Rica is
protected under a national park system
A further 17% is set aside as forest reserves ,
buffer zones, wildlife refuges and Indian
reserves.
Tourism has taken off here as many people
come to see the wildlife and scenery. It now
contribute 17% of the countrys income and is
growing at 5% each year.
Staying here is not cheap! It can cost
hundreds of dollars to stay in places such as
Lapa Rios. However, unlike normal hotels
there is limited damage to the environment.
There is an educational element to the hotel. Local guides
Show school children around to get them to understand the
Importance of conserving the area.

1)

Explain the main features of sustainable tourism.

2)

Using an example explain how eco tourism is good for

people and the environment.

Power is sourced from solar panels so no cabling is

required. The buildings also dont use air conditioning
Because they are built to allow air to flow through.

The indigenous community run the hotel,

meaning jobs and wealth are created

Only local food is used rather

than shipping it in from
other areas.

All waste created on site is composted on recycled so there

Is no damage to the surrounding are or animals.

Can tourism reduce the development Gap?

Development Gap- This is the difference between the rich and poor
countries. This gap is getting wider.
Tourism can be used as a way to close the gap and help countries improve
their social and economic conditions.
New hotel is built
in Baga, Goa

Other tourist attractions develop

around the hotel attracting more
tourists and money. There is also
increased foreign investment

This helps the country develop and

improves their QoL. Kids are better
educated and therefore have a
wider range of job opportunities.
They can make Improvements
to the local infrastructure
(roads, electricity, water
supplies) and improving social
and economic conditions

Multiplier Effect - Goa

Jobs are created
attracting more
people to the area

Peoples average income

increases due to
wages from tourism

More money is spent in

the local community

This money goes

to the government
in taxes

The downside
* Tourism is volatile things can change very quickly
* Some people rely on the income they get on tourism too much
* Some companies follow the trend the next big thing and leave a county. This can
leave them in debt and increases unemployment.
* Some governments and locals have been too greedy.
* Tourists are put off the environmental damage caused by lots of tourists damaged to
beaches, overcrowding, litter etc.
* Thailand was hit by a tsunami after this tourist numbers dropped and may local people
lost their main source of income. If tourism provide a large proportion pf the countries
GNI it can have devastating effects on the country.

Exam question
Explain how the development of tourism can be used to improve living
conditions in a less developed country.