PROBLEMA 9

A shell-and-tube heat exchanger with 1-shell pass and 14-tube passes is used to heat water in

kJ

the tubes with geothermal steam condensing at 120 C ( h fg =2203 kg ) on the shell side. The
tubes are thin-walled and have a diameter of 2.4 cm and length of 3.2 m per pass. Water

Cp=4180

J
kg

enters the tubes at 22 C at a rate of 3.9 kg/s. If the temperature difference

between the two fluids at the exit is 46 C, determine (a) the rate of heat transfer, (b) the rate of
condensation of steam, and (c) the overall heat transfer coefficient (using both methods:

T ml (through iteration and SYMS) and NTU ).

Solutions:

kg /s , U=3648 2
Q=847.4
kW , m=0.385
m

DATOS GENERALES

N=14 tubos
D=0.024 m
L=3.2 m
Corriente caliente (sangre)

h fg =2203

kJ
kg

h=120
T
T hout =120

Corriente fra (agua)

c =22
T
T cout =74
m
h=3.9

kg
s

cp c =4.18

kJ
kg K

Solucin:
Mtodo

T ml=

T ml (SYMS Function).

T 1 T 2
T1
ln (
)
T2

Donde

hT c out
T 1=T
c
T 2=T h out T

Como conocemos todas las temperaturas podemos calcular

T ml

T 1=12074=46
T 2=12022=98
T ml=

4698
=68.7534
46
ln ( )
98

Tambin podemos calcular el factor de correccin

F=1
Debido a cambio de fase

A=NDL=120.0243.2=3.3778 m2

Por lo tanto podemos escribir las ecuaciones e identificar valores conocidos e incgnitas

Q=UAF
T ml
m
h hfg
Q=

c
T c out T

Q=m
c cpc

Las incgnitas son:

, m
c , U
Q

Resolviendo simultneamente las 3 ecuaciones obtenemos como resultados

Q=847.704
kW

U=3.6502

kW
2
m

m
c =0.3848 kg /s

Mtodo

NTU

C c =m
c cp c =(3.9)(4.18)=16.3020

kW
K

Como el vapor est en cambio de fase

Ch >C c

C c =Cmin
Ch =Cmax

c
hT
T =16.3020 ( 12022 ) =1597.596 kW
max =C min
Q

c
T cout T

real =Cc
Q

real
Q
=0.5306
max
Q

NTU =ln ( 1 )=0.756 3

U=

NTUC min 0.756316.3020

kW
=
=3.6502 2
A
3.3778
m

m
h=

real 847.704
Q
kg
=
=0.3848
h fg
2203
s

clc
clear all
%% DATOS GENERALES
Tubos=14;
D=0.024;
%[m]
L=3.2;
%[m]
%% CORRIENTE FRIA
m_dot_c=3.9;
%[kg/s]
Tc_in=22;
%[C]
Tc_out=74;
%[C]
cp_c=4.18;
%[kJ/kgC]

%% CORRIENTE CALIENTE
h_fg=2203;
%[kJ/kg]
Th_in=120;
%[C]
Th_out=120;
%[C]
%% SOLUCION
DT1=Th_in-Tc_out;
DT_ml=(DT1-(Th_out-Tc_in))/log(DT1/(Th_out-Tc_in));
Cc=m_dot_c*cp_c;
A=Tubos*pi()*D*L;
F=1;
%%
question=input('Deseas resolver por metodo DTMl[1] o por metodo NTU[2]?');

if question==1
DIRECTA (DELTA TMl)
syms m_dot_h Q_dot U

% SOLUCION ECUACIONES SIMULTANEAS

[m_dot_h, Q_dot, U]=solve(Q_dot==m_dot_h*h_fg,Q_dot==m_dot_c*cp_c*(Tc_outTc_in),Q_dot==U*A*F*DT_ml,m_dot_h, Q_dot, U, 'Real',true);

m_dot_h=single(vpa(m_dot_h,4));
Q_dot=single(vpa(Q_dot,4));
U=single(vpa(U,4));
SQ_dot=['La tasa de transferencia de calor Q_dot es: ', num2str(Q_dot),'
kW'];
disp(SQ_dot)

SU=['El coeficiente global de transferencia de calor U es: ', num2str(U),'

kW/m^2C'];
disp(SU)
Sm_dot_h=['El flujo masico m_dot_h es: ', num2str(m_dot_h),' kg/s'];
disp(Sm_dot_h)
elseif question==2
%%SOLUCION METODO NTU
Q_dot=m_dot_c*cp_c*(Tc_out-Tc_in);
Q_max=Cc*(Th_in-Tc_in);
e=Q_dot/Q_max;
NTU=(-log(1-e));
U=(Cc*NTU)/A;
m_dot_h=Q_dot/h_fg;

salida1=['La tasa de transferencia de calor Q_dot es: ', num2str(Q_dot), '

kW'];
disp(salida1)
salida2=['El coeficiente global de transferencia de calor U es: ', num2str(U),
' kW/m^2C'];
disp(salida2)
salida3=['El flujo masico m_dot_h: ', num2str(m_dot_h), ' kg/s'];
disp(salida3)

end

PROBLEMA 11
A cross-flow heat exchanger used in a cardiopulmonary bypass procedure cools blood flowing
at 5 liter/min from a body temperature of 37 C to 25 C in order to induce body hypothermia,
which reduces metabolic and oxygen requirements. The coolant is ice water at 0 C, and its flow
rate is adjusted to provide an outlet temperature of 15 C. The heat exchanger operates with
2

both fluids unmixed, and the overall heat transfer coefficient is 750 W / m K . The density and
specific heat of the blood are 1050

kg /m

and 3740 J /kg K , respectively. (a) Determine

the heat transfer rate for the exchanger. (b) Calculate the water flow rate. (c) What is the surface
area of the heat exchanger? (Using both methods:

T ml

iteratively and NTU ). (d)

Calculate and plot the blood and water outlet temperatures as a function of the water flow rate
for the range 2 to 4 liter/min, assuming all other parameters remain unchanged. Comment on
how the changes in the outlet temperatures are affected by changes in the water flow rate.
Explain this behavior and why it is an advantage for this application.
Solve in three ways NTU :,
Approximate
2

solutions:

0.18 m < A <0.28 m

DATOS GENERALES

U=750

W
m2 K

Corriente caliente (sangre)

litros
V =5
min
h=37
T
T hout =25
=1050

kg
m3

cp h=3740

J
kg K

T ml (iteratively) and, T ml (SYMS Function).

4.5 kW
0.04 kg /s < m<0.09

kg /s ,
3.3 kW < Q<
,

Corriente fra (agua)

c =0
T
T cout =15
cp c =4198

J
kg K

Solucin:
Mtodo

T ml=

T ml (SYMS Function).
T 1 T 2
T1
ln (
)
T2

Donde

hT c out
T 1=T
c
T 2=T h out T

Como conocemos todas las temperaturas podemos calcular

T ml

T 1=3715=22
T 2=250=25
T ml =

2225
=23.4680
22
ln ( )
25

Tambin podemos calcular el factor de correccin obteniendo primero P y R

T cout T c =

3725
=0.80
150

T h T

R=

h out

150
=0.4050
370
T
T
T cout c
P=

hT c =

F=0.97
Flujo msico corriente caliente

l
3
1 m
min
1 min
1000 l
kg
kg

m
h= V =5
1050 3 =0.0875
60 s
s
m
Por lo tanto podemos escribir las ecuaciones e identificar valores conocidos e incgnitas

Q=UAF
T ml

hT h out
T

Q=m
h cph
c
T c out T
m
Q=
c cpc

Las incgnitas son:

, m
c ,
Q

Resolviendo simultneamente las 3 ecuaciones obtenemos como resultados

Q=3.927
kW

A=0.23001m

m
c =0.062363 kg /s

Mtodo

NTU

C h =m
h cph= 0.0875

kg
kJ
kW
3.740
=0.3272
s
kg K
K

)(

hT h out
T

0.3272(3725)
kW
T cout T c =
=0.2618
150
K
Ch
Cc =

Ch >C c
C c =Cmin
Ch =Cmax

c
hT
T =0.2618 ( 370 )=9.6866 kW
max=C min
Q
hT h out
T

real =C h
Q

real
Q
=0.4054
max
Q

C=

C min
=0.80
C max

De grfica

NTU =0.65

A=

NTUC min 0.650.2618

=
=0.2269 m2
U
0.750

c=
m

C c 0.2618
kg
=
=0.0624
cpc 4.198
s

clc
clear all
%% DATOS
U=0.75;

%[kW/m^2*C]

%%Corriente fria
cp_c=4.198;
%[kJ/kg*K]
Tc_in=0;
%[C]
Tc_out=15;
%[C]

%%Corriente caliente
V_dot=(5/60000);
densidad=1050;
m_dot_h=V_dot*densidad;
cp_h=3.74;
Th_in=37;
Th_out=25;

%[m^3/s]
%[kg/m^3]
%[kg/s]
%[kJ/kg*K]
%[C]
%[C]

%%Solucion
Ch=m_dot_h*cp_h;
Cc=((Ch*(Th_in-Th_out))/(Tc_out-Tc_in));
DT1=Th_in-Tc_out;
DT_ml=(DT1-(Th_out-Tc_in))/log(DT1/(Th_out-Tc_in));
R=(Th_in-Th_out)/(Tc_out-Tc_in);
P=(Tc_out-Tc_in)/(Th_in-Tc_in);
F=0.97;
%%
question=input('Deseas resolver por metodo DTMl[1] o por metodo NTU[2]?');

if question==1
TMl)
syms m_dot_c Q_dot A

% SOLUCION ECUACIONES SIMULTANEAS DIRECTA (DELTA

[m_dot_c, Q_dot, A]=solve(Q_dot==m_dot_h*cp_h*(Th_inTh_out),Q_dot==m_dot_c*cp_c*(Tc_out-Tc_in),Q_dot==U*A*F*DT_ml,m_dot_c, Q_dot,

A, 'Real',true);
m_dot_c=single(vpa(m_dot_c,4));
Q_dot=single(vpa(Q_dot,4));
A=single(vpa(A,4));
SQ_dot=['La tasa de transferencia de calor Q_dot es: ', num2str(Q_dot),'
kW'];
disp(SQ_dot)
SA=['El area A es: ', num2str(A),' m^2'];
disp(SA)
Sm_dot_c=['El flujo masico m_dot_c es: ', num2str(m_dot_c),' kg/s'];
disp(Sm_dot_c)

elseif question==2

if Ch<Cc
Cmin=Ch;
Cmax=Cc;
elseif Cc<Ch
Cmin=Cc;
Cmax=Ch;
end
Qmax=Cmin*(Th_in-Tc_in);
Q_dot=Ch*(Th_in-Th_out);
e=Q_dot/Qmax;
C=Cmin/Cmax;
%como no existe ecuacion despejada para NTU en funcion de Cr y e en el
%libro consultado, se obtuvo graficamente
NTU=0.65;
A=(NTU*Cmin)/U;
m_dot_c=Cc/cp_c;
salida1=['La tasa de transferencia de calor Q_dot es: ', num2str(Q_dot), '
kW'];
% num2str pasa de numero a texto
disp(salida1)
salida2=['El flujo masico m_dot_c es: ', num2str(m_dot_c), ' kg/s'];
disp(salida2)
salida3=['El area A es: ', num2str(A), ' m^2'];

disp(salida3)
end

Ahora se procede con la grfica

Solo se va a variar el flujo volumtrico de agua mantenido todo lo dems constante

l
m3
V agua =2 a 4
=3.333 x 105 a 6.667 x 105
min
s
agua =1000

kg
m3

c = agua V agua
m

C c =m
c cp c
C h =m
h cph

Q
Ch
T h out =T

Q
Cc
T c out =T

n=input('Pulsa [1] para ver grafica variando flujo masico de agua');

switch n
case 1
V_dot_c=(2/60000):(0.1/60000):(4/60000);%[kg/s]

end
%%solucion
densidad2=1000;
%[kg/m^3]
m_dot_c=V_dot_c.*densidad2;
Cc2=V_dot_c.*densidad2*cp_c;
Ch=m_dot_h*cp_h;
Tc_out=(Q_dot./Cc2)+Tc_in;
Th_out=Th_in-(Q_dot/Ch);
if n==1
[AX,H1,H2]=plotyy(m_dot_c,Tc_out,m_dot_c,Th_out);
set(AX,{'ycolor'},{'b';'r'})
set(H1,'LineStyle','--','Marker','o','Color','b')
set(H2,'LineStyle','--','Marker','d','Color','r')
set(get(AX(1),'Ylabel'),'String','T_{c,out} [C]')
set(get(AX(2),'Ylabel'),'String','T_{h,out} [C]')
xlabel('Flujo masico de agua [kg/s]')
xlabel('$\mathrn(\dot(m))$ [kg/s]','Interpreter','latex')

end

Como podemos observar en la grfica, la variacin en el flujo msico del agua solo afecta la
temperatura de salida del agua, disminuyendo a medida que el flujo msico de agua aumenta.
La temperatura de salida del fluido caliente (sangre) permanece constante.