COMPARISON OF SIMPLE, PERMANENT CELL TISSUES

Characters
Definition

Shape of the
cells

Parenchyma

Cell wall

Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell
organelles
Vacuole
Ergastic
substances

Simple, living, mechanical

Simple, dead mechanical

tissue.

tissue.

tissue.

Elongated, polygonal or

Elongated, polygonal or

spherical or oval,

short and irregular.

Either loosely arranged or

Compactly arranged

compactly arranged.

without intercellular spaces.

On evenly thick, has a

Uniformly thick) made up of

Spherical or oval,
sometimes rectangular or
irregular.

intercellular spaces.

Thin, has only primary wall

primary wall (cellulose and a a primary wall (cellulose)

(cellulose),

secondary wall (hemi

and a secondary wall

cellulose or pectin).

(lignin).

Abundant, granular.

Reduced, granular.

Replaced by lignin.

Large, prominent just

Large and prominent just

above the vacuole

above the vacuole.

Present in a highly

Usually present in a

functional state.

functional state,

Present, large and

Present, large and

prominent,

prominent,

Always present, usually in

Usually present in the form

the form of reserve food.

of secretory products.

Storage, respiration
Functions

photosynthesis, absorption
secretion, buoyancy and
protection.

Mechanical support,
respiration, sometimes
photosynthesis and storage.

In all the regions of the

Occurrence

Sclerenchyma

Simple, living storage

Arrangement Loosely arranged with

of cells

Collenchyma

plant body, forms the

In the shoot system only.

ground tissue and

Absent in the root.

epidermis.

Absent at maturity

Absent at maturity.

Represented by a lumen.

Absent

Mechanical support and

protection.

In all the regions of plant

body particularly in fruit wall
and seed coat.